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Thi Van Anh Nguyen,1,&ast; Ba Hai Le,2,&ast; Minh Thanh Nguyen,2,&ast; Viet Thang Le,3,&ast; Viet Tien Tran,4,&ast; Dinh Tuan Le,5,&ast; Duong Anh Minh Vu,2,&ast; Quy Kien Truong,3,&ast; Trong Hieu Le,2,&ast; Huong Thi Lien Nguyen2,&ast; 1Department of Pharmacy, 103 Military Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam; 2Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Hanoi University of Pharmacy, Hanoi, Vietnam; 3Department of Nephrology and Dialysis, 103 Military Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam; 4Department of Infectious Diseases, 103 Military Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam; 5Department of Rheumatology and Endocrinology, 103 Military Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Huong Thi Lien Nguyen, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Hanoi University of Pharmacy, 13-15 Le Thanh Tong, Hoan Kiem, Hanoi, Vietnam, Tel +84904308406, Email huongntl@hup.edu.vnPurpose: CYP3A5 polymorphisms have been associated with variations in the pharmacokinetics of tacrolimus (Tac) in kidney transplant patients. Our study aims to quantify how the CYP3A5 genotype influences tacrolimus trough concentrations (C0) in a Vietnamese outpatient population by selecting an appropriate population pharmacokinetic model of Tac for our patients.Patients and Methods: The external dataset was obtained prospectively from 54 data of adult kidney transplant recipients treated at the 103 Military Hospital. All published Tac population pharmacokinetic models were systematically screened from PubMed and Scopus databases and were selected based on our patient’s available characteristics. Mean absolute prediction error (MAPE), mean prediction error, and goodness-of-fit plots were used to identify the appropriate model for finding the formula that identifies the influence of CYP3A5 genotype on the pharmacokinetic data of Vietnamese patients.Results: The model of Zhu et al had a good predictive ability with MAPE of 19.29%. The influence of CYP3A5 genotype on tacrolimus clearance was expressed by the following formulas: . The simulation result showed that Tac C0 was significantly higher in patients not expressing CYP3A5 (p< 0.001).Conclusion: The incorporation of the CYP3A5 phenotype into Zhu’s structural model has significantly enhanced our ability to predict Tacrolimus trough levels in the Vietnamese population. This study’s results underscore the valuable role of CYP3A5 phenotype in optimizing the forecast of Tac concentrations, offering a promising avenue to assist health-care practitioners in their clinical decision-making and ultimately advance patient care outcomes.Keywords: tacrolimus, population pharmacokinetic, CYP3A5, Vietnam

Purpose: Crops rely on microbes for critical services, but host benefits can be influenced by local makeup of microbiota and the host’s capacity to select optimal strains. We investigated host benefits that cowpeas receive from microbiota depending on plant genotype, their domestication status, and soil source. Methods: We performed a full factorial soil inoculation experiment. Twenty diverse cowpea genotypes, selected from wild and domesticated populations, were exposed to soil rinsates from four agricultural sites across California, all having cowpea cultivation and varied physicochemical features. Cowpea investment in and benefit from microbiota was quantified by measuring host growth response to inoculation, nodulation, and segregating trait variation. Results: Variation in induction of root nodulation and strikingly heterogenous benefits to host growth were observed among soil sites. These effects were restricted to live soil inocula but were absent in autoclaved soil controls that lacked microbiota. Cowpeas expressed heritable variation in nodulation, but there was negligible effect of plant population or domestication status on the net benefit that hosts gained from microbiota. Conclusion: Soils varied substantially and consistently among cultivation sites and were the most prominent driver shaping host growth effects on cowpeas. While growth benefits vary among host cultivars, soil microbiota (and the conditions that maintain them) predominantly shape plant performance in agricultural settings.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006728.].

Project managers often face some challenges resulting from the scarcity of resources in construction management. Levelling the used resources in multiple projects is a frequently encountered problem in construction areas and manufacturing sectors. In this regard, the current study proposes a robust Forensic-Based Investigation (FBI) algorithm for resource leveling in multiple projects, considering diferent objective functions of the resource graphs. To this end, Fuzzy C-Means (FCM) clustering approach was fused into the main operation of the FBI to enhance the convergence rate using the population information. The proposed scheduling examines diferent objective functions to effciently optimize the resource Profile selection. Two case studies were taken into account in this research to elaborate on the performance of the improved optimization algorithm while dealing with the resource-leveling problem in multiple projects. The experimental findings and statistical comparisons revealed that the developed Fuzzy clustering Forensic-Based Investigation (FFBI) could acquire solutions of high quality and outperform the compared optimization algorithms [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Linh Vu Phuong Dang,1 Viet Hung Pham,2 Duc Minh Nguyen,3 Thanh Thi Dinh,1 Thu Hoai Nguyen,4 Thanh Hai Le,5 Van Lam Nguyen,6 Thi Phuong Vu7,8 1Public Health Laboratory, Hanoi University of Public Health, Hanoi, Vietnam; 2Department of Microbiology, Vietnam National Hospital of Pediatrics, Hanoi, Vietnam; 3Department of Geriatrics, National Hospital of Acupuncture, Hanoi, Vietnam; 4Department of Training and Direction Activity, National Geriatric Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam; 5Department of Emergency, Vietnam National Hospital of Pediatrics, Hanoi, Vietnam; 6Department of Infectious Disease, Vietnam National Hospital of Pediatrics, Hanoi, Vietnam; 7Department of Biochemistry, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam; 8Department of Biochemistry, Dinh Tien Hoang Institute of Medicine, Hanoi, Vietnam Background: HIV-infected children suffer from higher levels of treatment failure compared to adults. Immunoactivation, including humoral immunoactivation reflected by increased immunoglobulin levels, is believed to occur early during HIV infection. Therefore, we wanted investigate alteration in immunoglobulin levels in association with treatment response in HIV-infected children. Methods: A nested case–control study was conducted using clinical data collected from 68 HIV-infected children enrolled at the National Hospital of Pediatrics, Vietnam. Results: The results showed that immunoglobulin levels, CD4 T-cell counts, CD4 T-cell percentage, and HIV load were significantly higher in the treatment-failure group than the treatment-success group at treatment initiation. IgG and IgA levels were negatively correlated with CD4 T-cell counts (P=0.049 and P

Duck hepatitis A virus (DHAV) causes an acute and highly contagious disease in young ducklings worldwide. Despite the widespread use of the DHAV vaccine, many outbreaks still occur in Vietnam. In this study, we determined the full-length genome sequence of two DHAV isolates (NC and NT) obtained from infected ducks in 2009 and 2013, and compared them with the attenuated DHAV-1 vaccine strain (namely, VXXT) currently used in Vietnam. The NC and NT strains belong to the virulent DHAV-3 genotype, and their genomes consist of 7791 and 7790 nucleotides (nt), respectively. Both genomes contain one large open reading frame (ORF) of 6756 nt, encoding a polyprotein of 2251 amino acids and possess a typical picornavirus genome organization. The majority of predicted C-terminal cleavage sites in the polyprotein were Q/S or Q/G. Phylogenetic analysis of the nucleotide sequence of the full ORF revealed that all virulent Vietnamese strains are closely related to Chinese DHAV-3 strains. Noticeably, the virulent Vietnamese DHAV-3 strains had relatively low nucleotide identity with the DHAV-1 vaccine strain (73.5%). The study showed that an antigenicity-matched DHAV-3 vaccine is urgently required for use in Vietnam.

Thi Hoan Le1,2, Ellinor Ottosson3, Thi Kim Chuc Nguyen4, Bao Giang Kim5, Peter Allebeck11Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; 2Department of Environmental Health, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam; 3Department of Medicine, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden; 4Department of Family Medicine, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam; 5Department of Health Education, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, VietnamAims: To explore the knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of parents in their use of drugs for respiratory illness or diarrhea among children under 5 years of age, and to understand factors influencing self-medication.Methods: A qualitative study was conducted, using in-depth interviews with two drug sellers and three health care providers, and four focus-group discussions with mothers of children under 5 years of age. Verbatim transcriptions were analyzed, and emerging themes and categories identified, using content analysis.Results: Use of a number of different drugs was reported, including broad-spectrum antibiotics and corticosteroids. There was poor awareness of side-effects, antibiotic resistance, and drug efficacy. Factors influencing self-medication were perceptions of the illness in the child, waiting time, and convenience, the attitudes of public health medical staff, insufficient drug supply in public health facilities, and poor control of prescribed drugs on the market.Conclusion: Misuse and misconceptions regarding drug use gave rise to considerable problems. Mothers' knowledge and attitudes to illness and health care services played an important role in determining the nature of self-medication. Financial barriers were not the only obstacle to adequate treatment. Health services should be more accessible and responsive to the needs of the population.Keywords: health services, parental attitudes, education

One of the main difficulties of the operational modal analysis is to deal with underdetermined problems in which the number of sensors is less than the number of active modes. In the last decade, methods based on the PARAllel FACtor (PARAFAC) decomposition have attracted a lot of attention in the field of modal analysis because it has been proven that these methods can deal with underdetermined cases, as well as the presence of harmonic excitations. Moreover, in combination with kurtosis value as a harmonic indicator, this makes them more efficient in distinguishing between harmonic and structural components. However, it can lead to distorted results as it does not take into account the variation in the length of the covariance functions of the modal coordinates. Since the kurtosis values are estimated from these covariance functions, the length of the latter directly affects the kurtosis. To overcome this limit, the present study proposes to introduce the choice of the length of these functions based on their frequency and damping coefficient. This change improves the existing method by more efficient separating between harmonics and modal components. The proposed procedure is validated using numerical simulations, followed by ambient vibration measurements.

This study aims to examine the relationship between selected contingent factors of Strategic Management Accounting including Costing; Planning; control and performance measurements; Strategic decision - making; Competitor Accounting; Customers Accounting and Business Performance in the context of Sugar Companies in Vietnam. By applying the quantitative data obtained from managers and accountants of the companies, the study provides some evidence supporting the effect of contingent factors on the extent of Strategic Management Accounting usage. The results of the study draw conclusions regarding the effect of Strategic Management Accounting on the Business Performance of the companies as well. From which, the authors suggest some directions to enhance Strategic Management Accounting usage in the companies and solutions to increase their business performance efficiency.

This paper examines the effects of the business environment on the labor productivity of Vietnamese manufacturing firms in the period of 2010-2018 using enterprise-level panel data drawn from Vietnamese Annual Enterprise Censuses and province-level surveys of the Provincial Competitiveness Index. Results show that in addition to traditional determinants, variables related to ease of business are found to contribute significantly to the labor productivity throughout the sample. The results support the arguments that Vietnam’s government policy in building a good business environment plays a crucial role in stimulating the economic growth, especially in terms of a broaden base for the economic development. Empirical studies about the in-depth effects of institutional changes on the labor productivity in the manufacturing industries will be fruitful research agenda.

The goal of imaging in the management of head trauma is to identify treatable injuries to prevent secondary damage. CT continues to be the modality of choice in the evaluation of acute head injury. CT is preferred in the acute setting because it is fast, is widely available, and can easily accommodate life-support and monitoring equipment. CT can accurately identify space-occupying lesions, acute hemorrhages, mass effect, midline shift, hydrocephalus, ischemia, and herniation. MRI is indicated for patients with acute TBI when the neurologic findings are unexplained by CT. MRI is also the modality of choice for subacute or chronic injury. Advances in MR methods, such as diffusion-weighted imaging, further improve the neuroradiological evaluation of traumatic brain injury and enhance our understanding of the pathophysiological manifestations of head trauma. Copyright © 2006 by Elsevier Inc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Health information systems to monitor vaccine safety are used in industrialized countries to detect adverse medical events related to vaccinations or to prove the safety of vaccines. There are no such information systems in the developing world, but they are urgently needed. A large linked database for the monitoring of vaccine-related adverse events has been established in Khanh Hoa province, Viet Nam. Data collected during the first 2 years of surveillance, a period which included a mass measles vaccination campaign, were used to evaluate the system. For this purpose the discharge diagnoses of individuals admitted to polyclinics and hospitals were coded according to the International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-10 guidelines and linked in a dynamic population database with vaccination histories. A case-series analysis was applied to the cohort of children vaccinated during the mass measles vaccination campaign. The study recorded 107,022 immunizations in a catchment area with a population of 357,458 and confirmed vaccine coverage of 87% or higher for completed routine childhood vaccinations. The measles vaccination campaign immunized at least 86% of the targeted children aged 9 months to 10 years. No medical event was detected significantly more frequently during the 14 days after measles vaccination than before it. The experience in Viet Nam confirmed the safety of a measles vaccination campaign and shows that it is feasible to establish health information systems such as a large linked database which can provide reliable data in a developing country for a modest increase in use of resources. Copyright © 2005 World Health Organization [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]