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In the contemporary digital era, the utilization of gaming has emerged as a prevalent method for actively engaging students in the learning processes at various levels of academic curricula and within the broader educational community. This trend is particularly pronounced in English language teaching curricula, especially among learners whose mother tongue is not the English language. The judicious incorporation of gaming activities into courses pertaining to English as a second language (ESL) holds substantial promise for augmenting student learning, motivation, and knowledge acquisition across diverse disciplines. The present study conducts a bibliometric analysis focused on the utilization of gamification in ESL teaching and learning. The study's primary objective is to furnish a descriptive analysis of scholarly documents, authors, citations, and interconnections among authors. To achieve this objective, data extracted from the Scopus database are subjected to analysis. In addition to descriptive analyses, the extracted data undergo scrutiny using the VOSviewer software, facilitating the discernment of visual representations encompassing authors' interconnections, keywords connectedness and clusters indicative of research topics within the examined scholarly landscape. Using bibliometric analysis techniques, our investigation of the citation relationships among 61 publications has successfully identified two predominant themes influenced by gamification: language learning and student motivation. The discernible evidence of a rising number of publications focusing on gamification and ESL within the examined literature highlights the growing significance of this intersection. This study holds practical implications for serious game designers, English language educators, and educational institutions.

We aimed to evaluate the accuracy of early fetal sexing by sonography in nanny goats during three periods of gestation and their correlation with the number of fetuses. A total of 50 pregnant nanny goats were included in this study. The B mode of real-time scanner with 3.5-5 MHz transabdominal transducer was used to identify the fetal external genital organs and to evaluate the relative placement of genital tubercle (G.T.) within three different periods were the first period at 45-55 days of pregnancy, the second period at 55-56 days of pregnancy, and the third period at 65-75 days of pregnancy. The result showed that, in the signal fetus cases, the accuracy of fetal sexing was more accurate in the second period of pregnancy (62.5%) than that recorded in the 1st (56.5%) and third (40%) periods of pregnancy. The results in twine fetus cases showed that the accuracy of fetal sexing was more accurate in the first period of pregnancy (34.7%) than that recorded in the 2nd (27%) and third (20%) periods of pregnancy. The results also showed that, in triple fetus cases, the accuracy of fetal sexing was more accurate in the 1st period of pregnancy (26%) than that recorded in the 2nd (15.4%) and 3rd (6.7%) periods of pregnancy. The results of the fetal sex determination showed that a total of 15 male fetuses were accurately detected, with three fetuses wrongly detected. Similarly, a total of 11 female fetuses were accurately diagnosed, and four fetuses were incorrectly detected. The sensitivity of fetal sex determination was 78.94%, and the gender detection accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were 78.78, 78.57, 83.33, and 73.33%, respectively. We conclude that the transabdominal transducer at B mode used in the 2nd period (55-56 days) of pregnancy was highly accurate for early fetal sex determination. Also, it is the best way to determine the number of fetuses in small ruminants.

This study was designed to identify the efficiency of interferon-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15) expression for early pregnancy detection in Awassi ewes. A total of 10 ewes were enrolled: 3 carrying twins, 4 carrying single pregnancies, and 3 non-pregnant. Blood samples were collected on 0, 6, 15, and 25 days of gestation to measure ISG15 expression levels using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The results of the relative expression values of ISG15 in pregnant and non-pregnant ewes on 0, 6, 15, and 25 days of pregnancy were 0.044±0.012 vs. 0.049±0.009, 0.203±0.083 vs. 0.201±0.093, 1.839±0.594 vs. 0.292±0.136, and 0.583±0.067 vs 0.200±0.051, respectively. In both twin and single pregnant ewes, the relative expression values of ISG15 were increased significantly (P

هدف البحث الى التعرف على تأثير المشروب الغذائي المصنع على بعض القدرات البدنية للاعبي كرة القدم للشباب من خلال الاختبارات بين المجموعتين الضابطة والتجريبية، تم الاستعانة بالمنهج التجريبي لمعالجة مشكلة البحث وتحقيق أهدافه، لأنه انسب المناهج لمعالجة مشكلة البحث وتحقيق أهدافه اما عينة البحث شملت لاعبي شباب نادي الميناء الرياضي لكرة القدم في محافظة البصرة للموسم 2023-2024 , أما الاستنتاجات فكانت ان هنالك تأثير واضح على القدرة الانفجارية والسبب في ذلك هو المشروب الغذائي المصنع الذي احتوى على مكونات ساهمت مساهمة فعالة في بناء القوة لدى عينة البحث و المشروب الغذائي المصنع المققنن الذي حافظ على التوازن النايتروجيني الايجابي للجسم وبشكل مستمر على مدى الوحدة التدريبية من خلال الجرعات التي تحتوي على المكونات الغذائية الهامة والضرورية كالبروتينات والكاربوهيدرات والاملاح المعدنية والفيتامينات والعناصر الغذائية الأخرى, ويوصي الباحثون يجب اتباع برامج غذائية منظمة مع الالتزام بنمط صحي متوازن يتضمن كمية كافية من الكاربوهيدرات والبروتينات والاملاح المعدنية الصحية .

This study evaluated some chemical compounds, and the antioxidant and antibacterial activities of Adiantum capillus-veneris. The samples were collected from Penjwen in Sulaymaniyah city, Iraq. The methanolic extract had an overall phenolic value of 45.89 milligrams GAE/ ethanolic extract had an overall phenolic value 45.89 milligram GAEgram gram, evaluated through the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent. The measured total flavonoid content was 24.58 mg RE/g, determined using the aluminum chloride method. Moreover, the methanolic extract contained total glycoside (121 mg securidaside/g) and total saponin (16 mg/g). The HPLC analysis found that the sample contained ferulic acid, p-coumaric acid, apigenin, catechin, and luteolin. Of these compounds, p-coumaric acid and catechin were the most abundant in concentration. The extract's antioxidant activity was assessed using the DPPH method, with the A. capillus-veneris extract exhibiting scavenging of DPPH radicals at an IC50 value of 106 µg/mL, compared to 250 µg/mL for ascorbic acid. The antibacterial activity of methanolic extract against both gram positive (Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus) and gram negative (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) bacteria was evaluated using the disc diffusion method. The diameters of inhibition zone values for all tested bacteria increased at higher A. capillus-veneris extract concentrations, with S. aureus and E. coli being the most sensitive bacteria. The minimum inhibitory concentration of the extract was 100 µg/mL. This study highlights the potential of A. capillus-veneris as a natural source of antioxidant and antibacterial compounds

Linguistic complex intuitionistic fuzzy aggregation operators are a novel idea for the description of intuitionistic fuzzy information, where linguistic complex concepts are used to describe membership and non-membership. This can convey the hazy information more clearly, and some findings on linguistic complex intuitionistic fuzzy aggregation operators have been attained. Nonetheless, several linguistic complex intuitionistic fuzzy aggregation operators in the literature are founded on conventional operational principles, which have certain limitations when used to multi-attribute group decision-making (MAGDM). In this study, we presented some improved operating rules based on linguistic complex intuitionistic fuzzy variables (LCIFVs) and changed their features to address these issues. Next, we created a few aggregation operators, such as the enhanced linguistic complex intuitionistic fuzzy weighted average (LCIFWA) and the linguistic complex intuitionistic fuzzy ordered weighted averaging (LCIFOWA) operator, to fuse the decision information represented by LCIFVs. We also demonstrated that they had a few favorable qualities. We introduced many novel approaches to address the MAGDM issues in the context of the linguistic complex intuitionistic fuzzy environment, based on the LCIFOWA and linguistic complex intuitionistic fuzzy ordered weighted geometric (LCIFOWG) operators. In short, we employed few real-world scenarios to demonstrate the viability and soundness of the suggested techniques through comparison with other approaches. This unique technique has been applied to plastic waste management selection, and the results are more accurate than the previously used materials and methods.

Examining the physical aging of materials is essential for assessing their long-term performance and determining their suitability for specific applications. Material aging involves changes from their initial state, including deterioration or degradation. A key example of such a progressive, continuous process is the aging of materials in response to natural weathering conditions. While extensive research has focused on macro- and micro-scale aging, further investigation at the nanoscale could provide a more detailed understanding of material deterioration. This study explores the nanomechanical properties of magnetorheological elastomers (MREs) after nine months of natural weathering, focusing on stiffness, elasticity, surface roughness, and adhesion at the nanometer scale. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) with a sharp tip affixed to a cantilever was employed to characterize these properties. After nine months of exposure to natural weathering, MREs exhibited unique nanomechanical changes compared to their bulk properties, highlighting the significance of nanoscale analysis. At the nanoscale, the nanomechanical properties of MREs, including stiffness and elasticity, exhibited noticeable alterations within the first month of exposure, followed by a gradual reduction, and slight increments observed up to the nine-month mark. Surface roughness steadily increased over the nine months, while adhesion energy initially rose during the first month before gradually decreasing by the end of the study. These findings provide valuable insights into the material's mechanical behavior and offer a deeper understanding of its structural and functional properties at the nanoscale.

Background: Pulmonary aspiration is a constant risk in patients planned for anesthesia and those who are critically ill. Ultrasonic examination of the stomach gives a valuable assessment opportunity to predict gastric residual volume. Involvement of non-radiologists for its estimation can potentially prevent lots of incidences of aspiration and consequently pulmonary complications and even deaths. Both the duration required for the training and the examination period for estimation, are still to be studied.Objectives: This study tries to illustrate the consistency of measurements of gastric antral area among three anesthesia trainees as novice sonographic readers with a short training course and to measure the applicability of lowering the examination time to two minutes in both semi sitting (Fowler`s) position and right lateral recumbent position.Design: Prospective study at a tertiary teaching hospital. Patients included are in intensive care unit with a nasogastric feeding tube. Three anesthesia trainees with equal training courses in the subject were recruited and have their sonographic evaluation compared in two patients positions. They all are blinded to time, type, and volume of last enteral intake.Results: The readings reported by the three doctors in either lateral or supine positiondid not show significant statistical differences (P value >0.05). Consistency of thereadings among the three doctors was high (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.926).Conclusion: Anesthesiologists with short term appropriately performed courses canuncover the risk of gastric contents regurgitation and aspiration with only a two minute bedside gastric sonographic examination.

Nanotechnology is one of the most important techniques that is widely used in many fields by changing the physical and chemical properties of materials to form new scale substances called nanoparticles to make them more effective. ZnO NPs is one of these particles that is used in multiple applications, especially in cosmetic and sunscreen products. Thus, the uses of these particles in great quantities make them in constant contact with the body and can enter the circulating blood in a different ways. The aim of this study was to find out the effect of ZnO NPs on the histological structure and functions of the ovary, as well as to determine the levels of gonadotropin hormones (FSH and LH). Therefore, 54 adult female rats were randomly divided into three primary groups according to the duration of exposure (1, 2, and 4 weeks). These groups were then further divided into three subgroups, each of which consisted of six rats, one of which served as a control group and was injected with 1 ml of distilled water, while the others served as treated groups and were injected with 1 ml of ZnO NPs at low and high concentrations 50 and 200 mg/kg respectively, an average of three intra-peritoneal injections per week. The results showed different histological changes in the ovarian tissue sections of treatment rats at different doses and durations, as well as significant decrease (p≤ 0.01) in the levels of estrogen, progesterone, LH, and FSH hormones in treated animals at different doses and durations. It can be concluded that the ZnO NPs have ability to damage the ovarian tissue, and disruption of its cellular functions that caused an imbalance in reproductive hormones levels (P and E2, LH and FSH).

Background: Cemento-ossifying fibroma (COF) and focal cemento-osseous dysplasia (FCOD) are benign neoplasms occurring in the mandible and maxilla; histologically, they both show normal bone replacement by a fibrous stroma containing variable amounts of calcified fragments resembling bone and cementum. FCOD is relatively common and requires observation; COF is rare and its growth over time can lead to deformity in the head and neck region. Surgical removal of COF at an early stage is critical to prevent recurrence and deformity. Therefore, distinguishing COF from FCOD is important for proper further management. Methods and Materials: To determine the parameters differentiating COF from FCOD, we retrospectively analyzed 15 COF cases and 27 FCOD cases reviewed between 2005 and 2020 at Temple University Hospital. Demographic, radiographic and histopathologic characteristics were compared by using Student’s t test for continuous variables and Chi-square test for categorical variables. Results: In the non-histopathologic spectrum, COF occurred at a younger age (average age-31yo versus FCOD 43 yo). FCOD showed female predilection compared with COF. No significant difference was observed regarding location and radiographic density. However, COF was significantly associated with radiographic cortical expansion. In the histopathologic spectrum, FCOD was more frequently associated with significant intralesional hemorrhage, increased vascularity, osteoblastic rimming of trabeculae, and ginger roots –like bone trabeculae. Discussion: We demonstrated 7 clinical, radiographic, and pathologic parameters that can help differentiate COF from FCOD. Comprehensive assessment of the distinguishing characteristics is valuable for accurate diagnosis and treatment of these two entities, aiding in minimizing unnecessary procedures for FCOD and averting facial deformities caused by COF.

The hesitant fuzzy set (HFS) is an innovative approach to decision-making under uncertainty. This work is primarily concerned with the HFS decision matrix’s aggregated operation. The introduction of induced VIKOR procedures, various extensions of HFSs aggregation operator, and essential approaches for multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) are presented. This technique uses the aggregation operator, the HFWG operator, to rank alternatives and identify the compromise solution closest to the ideal solution. In this research work, the hesitant fuzzy weight geometric[1]VIKOR (HFWG-VIKOR) model is a novel technique to achieve this. By combining the hesitant fuzzy elements, the HFWG aggregation operator creates aggregated values expressed as a single value. As per the scope of our research work, MCDM under hesitant fuzzy sets with the HFWG[1]VIKOR method has been used, and their result revealed the best alternative is to find out. These results indicate good potential for objectives. The multi-criteria problem is then solved using the combined HFWG-VIKOR technique, and the outcomes are presented in an easy-to-understand way owing to aggregation operators. The application of the HFWG-VIKOR technique is finally illustrated using a numerical example.

Telepresence robots (TRs) are increasingly important for remote communication and collaboration, particularly in situations where physical presence is not possible. One key feature of TRs is person-following, which relies on the detection and distance estimation of individuals. This study proposes an autonomous person-following TR using a monocular camera and deep-learning YOLO for person detection and distance estimation. To compensate for the monocular camera's inability to provide depth information, a novel distance estimation algorithm based on focal length and person width is introduced. The estimated width information of the detected person is extracted from the bounding box generated by YOLO. A pre-trained model using the MS COCO dataset is employed with YOLO for the person detection task. For robot movement control, a region-based controller is proposed to enable the robot to move based on the detected person's location in the image captured by the camera. Finally, integration and deployment of the proposed method in the TR is carried out using the Robot Operating System (ROS). Experimental results demonstrate that the TR can successfully follow a person using the proposed algorithm, thus highlighting its effectiveness for person-following tasks.

The Mishrif Formation (Cenomanian -E Turonian) is one of the most important geological formations in the Middle East and Iraq because it contains enormous petroleum accumulations. It is considered to be the first reservoir in the region, and is still being studied because of its economic significance. The carbonate of the Mishrif Formation derives from a variety of depositional settings, including mid-ramp, shoal, lagoon, and intertidal. The five main microfacies discussed in this paper are wackestone, packstone, grainstone, floatstone, and bindstone. The most frequent fossilised components found in the Mishrif Formation are rudists, benthic foraminifera, echinoderms, burrows molluscs, and algae. According to the microfacies and analysed wireline log data, the sequence stratigraphy of the studied formation is composed of two regression cycles. Five parasequences of transgressive–regressive cycles make up the depositional sequence of the Mishrif Formation. The standard depositional environments seem to demonstrate a gradual regression, beginning with a short period of the outer ramp, then a steady period of the mid-ramp, and ending in the intertidal environment. Additionally, the study recorded two regional maximum flooding surfaces: K-135 and K-140. The former is present in the lowermost part of the formation, while the other lies in the middle. This study shows a close relationship between facies (environments) and hydrocarbon accumulation. The increased accumulation focuses on the lower part of the studied formation, and seems to be lower in the upper part of the formation as a result of changes in the environment of deposition.

Background: Virtual education has provided higher-quality teaching and learning. The current study examines secondary school education experts’ lived experiences and the impact of virtual education networks on students’ scientific, personality, cultural, and religious concepts.Methods: This is a qualitative study using a phenomenological method. All educational experts in the selected countries were interviewed in 2022, and 24 were selected using purposeful and snowball sampling. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed using the Colaizzi method. Finally, the validity and reliability of the tool were assessed.Results: A total of 21 components were created from 131 open codes. The scientific concepts included more prosperous and sustainable learning, the boredom of students, development of learners’ technological skills, acquiring informal skills, fast feedback, and reducing the quality of education (6 components and 41 open codes); the personality concepts included increasing individual-educational efficiency, increasing psychological-social problems, addiction to cyberspace, changes in the student’s social perspective (4 components and 33 open codes); the cultural concepts included changes in the thought pattern, social interactions and lifestyle, fashionism, moral deviation, and development of interpersonal communication (6 components and 33 open codes); and the belief concepts included ambivalence, access to inappropriate content, better understanding of religious facts, tendency to deviant thoughts, and acceptance of opposing patterns (5 components and 24 open codes).Conclusion: The research findings show that despite some unfavorable outcomes, the positive ones stand out and highlight the significance of parental and school supervision, as it can help students follow this path with the most excellent effectiveness and the slightest vulnerability.

The circular intuitionistic fuzzy set (CIFS) extends the concept of IFS, representing each set element with a circular area on the IFS interpretation triangle (IFIT). Each element in CIFS is characterized not only by membership and non-membership degrees but also by a radius, indicating the imprecise areas of these degrees. While some basic operations have been defined for CIFS, not all have been thoroughly explored and generalized. The radius domain has been extended from $ [0, 1] $ to $ [0, \sqrt{2}] $. However, the operations on the radius domain are limited to $ min $ and $ max $. We aimed to address these limitations and further explore the theory of CIFS, focusing on operations for membership and non-membership degrees as well as radius domains. First, we proposed new radius operations on CIFS with a domain $ [0, \psi] $, where $ \psi \in [1, \sqrt{2}] $, called a radius algebraic product (RAP) and radius algebraic sum (RAS). Second, we developed basic operators for generalized union and intersection operations on CIFS based on triangular norms and conorms, investigating their algebraic properties. Finally, we explored negation and modal operators based on proposed radius conditions and examined their characteristics. This research contributes to a more explicit understanding of the properties and capabilities of CIFS, providing valuable insights into its potential applications, particularly in decision-making theory.

Sprouts are tiny seedlings that are produced during seed germination and have a short growth period. Across the globe and in Malaysia, more people are consuming bean sprouts due to their awareness of the need to consume “healthy foods”. The sprouts are composed of proteins, carbohydrates, and biochemical compounds with a significant amount of the recommended daily requirement for ascorbic acid and riboflavin, as well as a variety of minerals obtained through the consumption of sprouts. Moreover, sprout quality is influenced by the length, thickness, colour, and texture of the hypocotyl and roots, as well as by maintaining characteristics and little water loss after harvest. A modified atmosphere with high carbon dioxide and low oxygen can be used as a sprouting environment to control sprout growth. However, the current issues relating to open sprouting systems are bean sprout disease and high maintenance for open cultivation tanks. Thus, to solve the problem regarding the current domestic bean sprouting system, an innovative bean sprouts basket (iBSB) was innovated to control or reduce bean sprout disease for every production cycle.

BackgroundThe enormous consequences of drugs include suicides, traffic accidents, and violence, affecting the individual, family, society, and country. Therefore, it is necessary to constantly identify and monitor the drug abuse rate among school-going youth. A geospatial dashboard is vital for the monitoring of drug abuse and related crime incidence in a decision support system. ObjectiveThis paper mainly focuses on developing MyAsriGeo, a geospatial drug abuse risk assessment and monitoring dashboard tailored for school students. It introduces innovative functionality, seamlessly orchestrating the assessment of drug abuse usage patterns and risks using multivariate student data. MethodsA geospatial drug abuse dashboard for monitoring and analysis was designed and developed in this study based on agile methodology and prototyping. Using focus group and interviews, we first examined and gathered the requirements, feedback, and user approval of the MyAsriGeo dashboard. Experts and stakeholders such as the National Anti-Drugs Agency, police, the Federal Department of Town and Country Planning, school instructors, students, and researchers were among those who responded. A total of 20 specialists were involved in the requirement analysis and acceptance evaluation of the pilot and final version of the dashboard. The evaluation sought to identify various user acceptance aspects, such as ease of use and usefulness, for both the pilot and final versions, and 2 additional factors based on the Post-Study System Usability Questionnaire and Task-Technology Fit models were enlisted to assess the interface quality and dashboard sufficiency for the final version. ResultsThe MyAsriGeo geospatial dashboard was designed to meet the needs of all user types, as identified through a requirement gathering process. It includes several key functions, such as a geospatial map that shows the locations of high-risk areas for drug abuse, data on drug abuse among students, tools for assessing the risk of drug abuse in different areas, demographic information, and a self-problem test. It also includes the Alcohol, Smoking, and Substance Involvement Screening Test and its risk assessment to help users understand and interpret the results of student risk. The initial prototype and final version of the dashboard were evaluated by 20 experts, which revealed a significant improvement in the ease of use (P=.047) and usefulness (P=.02) factors and showed a high acceptance mean scores for ease of use (4.2), usefulness (4.46), interface quality (4.29), and sufficiency (4.13). ConclusionsThe MyAsriGeo geospatial dashboard is useful for monitoring and analyzing drug abuse among school-going youth in Malaysia. It was developed based on the needs of various stakeholders and includes a range of functions. The dashboard was evaluated by a group of experts. Overall, the MyAsriGeo geospatial dashboard is a valuable resource for helping stakeholders understand and respond to the issue of drug abuse among youth.

Background: The Covid-19 pandemic changed the world; its most important achievement for education was changing the approach from traditional to virtual education. The present study aimed to investigate the role of virtual education networks on mental health of students including personality, beliefs, scientific, and cultural dimensions, in selected countries.Methods: This was an exploratory and applied study. According to the phenomenology strategy, theoretical saturation occurred after 24 semi-structured and targeted qualitative interviews with teachers from Iran, Iraq, Syria and Lebanon, in 2023. Quantitative data was collected through a researcher-made online questionnaire with 423 participants. Teachers with at least a Bachelor’s degree and five years of teaching experience were selected as the study participants. PLS software version 3 was used to analyze the quantitative data.Results: After analyzing the qualitative interviews, 131 open codes were extracted, and grouped into 22 components and 4 concepts. The results of the quantitative data analysis (factor load) showed the effect of virtual education networks on personality (0.590), beliefs (0.819), scientific (0.564), and cultural (0.815) dimensions which indicate a statistically significant effect. Accordingly, students’ belief is mostly affected by virtual education networks. The subcomponents of duality and moral-social confusion in the belief dimension, changing life and nutrition patterns in the cultural dimension, increasing communication and interpersonal problems in the personality dimension, and boredom and frustration in the scientific dimension were highly effective.Conclusions: The study results showed that virtual education acts like a double-edged sword, with both negative and positive effects on the body and mind of students, which necessitates more careful monitoring.

The presence of volatility in residential property market prices helps investors generate substantial profit while also causing fear among investors since high volatility implies a high return with a high risk. In a financial time series, volatility refers to the degree to which the residential property market price increases or decreases during a particular period. The present study aims to forecast the volatility returns of real residential property prices (RRPP) in Malaysia using three different families of generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (GARCH) models. The study compared the standard GARCH, EGARCH, and GJR-GARCH models to determine which model offers a better volatility forecasting ability. The results revealed that the GJR-GARCH (1,1) model is the most suitable to forecast the volatility of the Malaysian RRPP index based on the goodness-of-fit metric. Finally, the volatility forecast using the rolling window shows that the volatility of the quarterly index decreased in the third quarter (Q3) of 2021 and stabilized at the beginning of the first quarter (Q1) of 2023. Therefore, the best time to start investing in the purchase of real residential property in Malaysia would be the first quarter of 2023. The findings of this study can help Malaysian policymakers, developers, and investors understand the high and low volatility periods in the prices of residential properties to make better investment decisions.