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1. Could prophylactic antivirals reduce dengue incidence in a high-prevalence endemic area?

Author

Yalda Jafari, Oliver J Brady, Joseph R Biggs, Le Thuy Lien, Huynh Kim Mai, Hien Anh Thi Nguyen, Marnix Van Loock, Guillermo Herrera-Taracena, Joris Menten, Chihiro Iwasaki, Mizuki Takegata, Noriko Kitamura, Hung Do Thai, Bui Xuan Minh, Kouichi Morita, Dang Duc Anh, Sam Clifford, Kiesha Prem, Julius Hafalla, W John Edmunds, Lay Myint Yoshida, Martin L Hibberd, and Stéphane Hué

Subjects
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine, RC955-962, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

Prophylactic drugs against dengue are currently under development. In this study, we explored how such prophylactic approaches might affect dengue cases in four communes of Nha Trang City, Vietnam. A community level dengue transmission survey indicated high levels of previous exposure to dengue (89.7%; 95% CI: 87.2,92.0). We fitted a spatially explicit model to an observed outbreak and simulated likely effectiveness of Case-Area Targeted Interventions (CATI) and One-Time Mass Distribution (OTMD) of drug and vector control strategies. Increasing radius and effectiveness and decreasing delay of CATI was most effective, with drugs being more effective in averting dengue cases than vector control. Using an OTMD approach early in the outbreak required the least number of treatments to avert a case, suggesting that OTMD strategies should be considered as pre-emptive rather than reactive strategies. These findings show that pre-emptive interventions can substantially reduce the burden of dengue outbreaks in endemic settings.

Published
2024
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2. Incidence and seasonality of Kawasaki disease in children in the Philippines, and its association with ambient air temperature

Author

Aden Kay Celis-Seposo, Lina Madaniyazi, Xerxes Seposo, Masahiro Hashizume, Lay Myint Yoshida, and Michiko Toizumi

Subjects
Kawasaki disease, seasonality, temperature, environmental epidemiology, children’s environmental health, Philippines, Pediatrics, RJ1-570
Abstract

BackgroundDespite an unknown cause, Kawasaki disease (KD) is currently the primary leading cause of acquired heart disease in developed countries in children and has been increasing in recent years. Research efforts have explored environmental factors related to KD, but they are still unclear especially in the tropics. We aimed to describe the incidence of KD in children, assess its seasonality, and determine its association with ambient air temperature in the National Capital Region (NCR), Philippines from January 2009 to December 2019.MethodsMonthly number of KD cases from the Philippine Pediatric Society (PPS) disease registry was collected to determine the incidence of KD. A generalized linear model (GLM) with quasi-Poisson regression was utilized to assess the seasonality of KD and determine its association with ambient air temperature after adjusting for the relevant confounders.ResultsThe majority of KD cases (68.52%) occurred in children less than five years old, with incidence rates ranging from 14.98 to 23.20 cases per 100,000 population, and a male-to-female ratio of 1.43:1. Seasonal variation followed a unimodal shape with a rate ratio of 1.13 from the average, peaking in March and reaching the lowest in September. After adjusting for seasonality and long-term trend, every one-degree Celsius increase in the monthly mean temperature significantly increased the risk of developing KD by 8.28% (95% CI: 2.12%, 14.80%). Season-specific analysis revealed a positive association during the dry season (RR: 1.06, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.11), whereas no evidence of association was found during the wet season (RR: 1.10, 95% CI: 0.95, 1.27).ConclusionWe have presented the incidence of KD in the Philippines which is relatively varied from its neighboring countries. The unimodal seasonality of KD and its linear association with temperature, independent of season and secular trend, especially during dry season, may provide insights into its etiology and may support enhanced KD detection efforts in the country.

Published
2024
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3. Evidence for influenza and RSV interaction from 10 years of enhanced surveillance in Nha Trang, Vietnam, a modelling study.

Author

Naomi R Waterlow, Michiko Toizumi, Edwin van Leeuwen, Hien-Anh Thi Nguyen, Lay Myint-Yoshida, Rosalind M Eggo, and Stefan Flasche

Subjects
Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract

Influenza and Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) interact within their host posing the concern for impacts on heterologous viruses following vaccination. We aimed to estimate the population level impact of their interaction. We developed a dynamic age-stratified two-pathogen mathematical model that includes pathogen interaction through competition for infection and enhanced severity of dual infections. We used parallel tempering to fit its parameters to 11 years of enhanced hospital-based surveillance for acute respiratory illnesses (ARI) in children under 5 years old in Nha Trang, Vietnam. The data supported either a 41% (95%CrI: 36-54) reduction in susceptibility following infection and for 10.0 days (95%CrI 7.1-12.8) thereafter, or no change in susceptibility following infection. We estimate that co-infection increased the probability for an infection in

Published
2022
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4. Association of pneumococcal carriage in infants with the risk of carriage among their contacts in Nha Trang, Vietnam: A nested cross-sectional survey.

Author

George Qian, Michiko Toizumi, Sam Clifford, Lien Thuy Le, Tasos Papastylianou, Catherine Satzke, Billy Quilty, Chihiro Iwasaki, Noriko Kitamura, Mizuki Takegata, Minh Xuan Bui, Hien Anh Thi Nguyen, Duc Anh Dang, Albert Jan van Hoek, Lay Myint Yoshida, and Stefan Flasche

Subjects
Medicine
Abstract

BackgroundInfants are at highest risk of pneumococcal disease. Their added protection through herd effects is a key part in the considerations on optimal pneumococcal vaccination strategies. Yet, little is currently known about the main transmission pathways to this vulnerable age group. Hence, this study investigates pneumococcal transmission routes to infants in the coastal city of Nha Trang, Vietnam.Methods and findingsIn October 2018, we conducted a nested cross-sectional contact and pneumococcal carriage survey in randomly selected 4- to 11-month-old infants across all 27 communes of Nha Trang. Bayesian logistic regression models were used to estimate age specific carriage prevalence in the population, a proxy for the probability that a contact of a given age could lead to pneumococcal exposure for the infant. We used another Bayesian logistic regression model to estimate the correlation between infant carriage and the probability that at least one of their reported contacts carried pneumococci, controlling for age and locality. In total, 1,583 infants between 4 and 13 months old participated, with 7,428 contacts reported. Few infants (5%, or 86 infants) attended day care, and carriage prevalence was 22% (353 infants). Most infants (61%, or 966 infants) had less than a 25% probability to have had close contact with a pneumococcal carrier on the surveyed day. Pneumococcal infection risk and contact behaviour were highly correlated: If adjusted for age and locality, the odds of an infant's carriage increased by 22% (95% confidence interval (CI): 15 to 29) per 10 percentage points increase in the probability to have had close contact with at least 1 pneumococcal carrier. Moreover, 2- to 6-year-old children contributed 51% (95% CI: 39 to 63) to the total direct pneumococcal exposure risks to infants in this setting. The main limitation of this study is that exposure risk was assessed indirectly by the age-dependent propensity for carriage of a contact and not by assessing carriage of such contacts directly.ConclusionsIn this study, we observed that cross-sectional contact and infection studies could help identify pneumococcal transmission routes and that preschool-age children may be the largest reservoir for pneumococcal transmission to infants in Nha Trang, Vietnam.

Published
2022
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5. Prenatal and Intrapartum Factors Associated With Infant Temperament: A Systematic Review

Author

Mizuki Takegata, Asami Matsunaga, Yukiko Ohashi, Michiko Toizumi, Lay Myint Yoshida, and Toshinori Kitamura

Subjects
infant, temperament, systematic review, prenatal factor, intrapartum factor, Psychiatry, RC435-571
Abstract

Background: Temperament involves individual variations in behavioural tendencies of emotional responses and reactions to stimuli after birth. Because ‘foetal programming' is a strong hypothesis in developing temperament, prenatal and intrapartum factors may be significant determinants of infant temperament. This systematic literature review aims to elucidate the evidence of prenatal and intrapartum predictors, including genetic, biological, environmental, socio-demographic, psychological, and obstetric factors of parents and their child.Methods: Relevant articles were searched using MEDLINE, PubMed, and SCOPUS. The inclusion criteria were (a) original research article, (b) written in English, (c) assessed the temperament of infants 12 months old or younger as an outcome variable, and (d) investigated prenatal and intrapartum factorial variables of infant temperament. Following the PRISMA guideline, the articles found in the three databases were screened and selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria before the final review.Results: Finally, 35 articles were reviewed. This systematic review identified a variety of prenatal and intrapartum factors that were significantly associated with infant temperament: (1) genetic and biological factors: certain genotypes, maternal cortisol and ACTH, and CRHs, (2) environmental factors: substance use such as tobacco, alcohol, and illegal drugs, (3) socio-demographic factor: lower-income, (4) psychological factors: depression or anxiety, eating disorders, personality types of mothers, and domestic violence, and (5) obstetric factors: foetal growth (birth weight), hypertension in mothers, nausea (emesis), and preterm birth.Conclusion: The findings support gene-environment interaction and biological mechanisms for developing infant temperament, suggesting the importance of ensuring a safe and comfortable environment for pregnant mothers, unborn infants, and families during pregnancy and delivery.

Published
2021
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6. Predicting the impact of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine programme options in Vietnam

Author

Olivier Le Polain De Waroux, W. John Edmunds, Kensuke Takahashi, Koya Ariyoshi, E. Kim Mulholland, David Goldblatt, Yoon Hong Choi, Dang Duc Anh, Lay Myint Yoshida, and Stefan Flasche

Subjects
asia, campaign, catch-up, pneumococcus, viet nam, vaccine, Immunologic diseases. Allergy, RC581-607, Therapeutics. Pharmacology, RM1-950
Abstract

Although catch-up campaigns (CCs) at the introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) may accelerate their impact, supply constraints may limit their benefit if the need for additional PCV doses results in introduction delay. We studied the impact of PCV13 introduction with and without CC in Nha Trang, Vietnam – a country that has not yet introduced PCV – through a dynamic transmission model. We modelled the impact on carriage and invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) of routine vaccination (RV) only and that of RV with CCs targeting

Published
2018
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8. Vaccine effectiveness against medically attended laboratory-confirmed influenza in Japan, 2011-2012 Season.

Author

Motoi Suzuki, Le Nhat Minh, Hiroyuki Yoshimine, Kenichiro Inoue, Lay Myint Yoshida, Konosuke Morimoto, and Koya Ariyoshi

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

The objective of this study was to estimate influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) against medically attended, laboratory-confirmed influenza during the 2011-2012 season in Japan using a test-negative case-control study design. The effect of co-circulating non-influenza respiratory viruses (NIRVs) on VE estimates was also explored. Nasopharyngeal swab samples were collected from outpatients with influenza-like illnesses (ILIs) in a community hospital in Nagasaki, Japan. Thirteen respiratory viruses (RVs), including influenza A and B, were identified from the samples using a multiplex polymerase chain reaction. The difference in VE point estimates was assessed using three different controls: ILI patients that tested negative for influenza, those that tested negative for all RVs, and those that tested positive for NIRVs. The adjusted VE against medically attended, laboratory-confirmed influenza using all influenza-negative controls was 5.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], -60.5 to 44.1). The adjusted VEs using RV-negative and NIRV-positive controls were -1.5% (95% CI, -74.7 to 41) and 50% (95% CI, -43.2 to 82.5), respectively. Influenza VE was limited in Japan during the 2011-2012 season. Although the evidence is not conclusive, co-circulating NIRVs may affect influenza VE estimates in test-negative case-control studies.

Published
2014
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9. Serological surveillance development for tropical infectious diseases using simultaneous microsphere-based multiplex assays and finite mixture models.

Author

Yoshito Fujii, Satoshi Kaneko, Samson Muuo Nzou, Matilu Mwau, Sammy M Njenga, Chihiro Tanigawa, James Kimotho, Anne Wanjiru Mwangi, Ibrahim Kiche, Sohkichi Matsumoto, Mamiko Niki, Mayuko Osada-Oka, Yoshio Ichinose, Manabu Inoue, Makoto Itoh, Hiroshi Tachibana, Kazunari Ishii, Takafumi Tsuboi, Lay Myint Yoshida, Dinesh Mondal, Rashidul Haque, Shinjiro Hamano, Mwatasa Changoma, Tomonori Hoshi, Ken-Ichi Kamo, Mohamed Karama, Masashi Miura, and Kenji Hirayama

Subjects
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine, RC955-962, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

BACKGROUND: A strategy to combat infectious diseases, including neglected tropical diseases (NTDs), will depend on the development of reliable epidemiological surveillance methods. To establish a simple and practical seroprevalence detection system, we developed a microsphere-based multiplex immunoassay system and evaluated utility using samples obtained in Kenya. METHODS: We developed a microsphere-based immuno-assay system to simultaneously measure the individual levels of plasma antibody (IgG) against 8 antigens derived from 6 pathogens: Entamoeba histolytica (C-IgL), Leishmania donovani (KRP42), Toxoplasma gondii (SAG1), Wuchereria bancrofti (SXP1), HIV (gag, gp120 and gp41), and Vibrio cholerae (cholera toxin). The assay system was validated using appropriate control samples. The assay system was applied for 3411 blood samples collected from the general population randomly selected from two health and demographic surveillance system (HDSS) cohorts in the coastal and western regions of Kenya. The immunoassay values distribution for each antigen was mathematically defined by a finite mixture model, and cut-off values were optimized. FINDINGS: Sensitivities and specificities for each antigen ranged between 71 and 100%. Seroprevalences for each pathogen from the Kwale and Mbita HDSS sites (respectively) were as follows: HIV, 3.0% and 20.1%; L. donovani, 12.6% and 17.3%; E. histolytica, 12.8% and 16.6%; and T. gondii, 30.9% and 28.2%. Seroprevalences of W. bancrofti and V. cholerae showed relatively high figures, especially among children. The results might be affected by immunological cross reactions between W. bancrofti-SXP1 and other parasitic infections; and cholera toxin and the enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC), respectively. INTERPRETATION: A microsphere-based multi-serological assay system can provide an opportunity to comprehensively grasp epidemiological features for NTDs. By adding pathogens and antigens of interest, optimized made-to-order high-quality programs can be established to utilize limited resources to effectively control NTDs in Africa.

Published
2014
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10. Nasopharyngeal Bacterial Interactions in Children

Author

Motoi Suzuki, Bhim Gopal Dhoubhadel, Lay Myint Yoshida, and Koya Ariyoshi

Subjects
bacterial colonization, acute otitis media, Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, bacteria, respiratory infections, Medicine, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Published
2014
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14. Seroepidemiology and Carriage of Diphtheria in Epidemic-Prone Area and Implications for Vaccination Policy, Vietnam

Author

Kitamura, Noriko, Hoan, Thanh T., Do, Hung M., Dao, The A., Le, Lien T., Le, Thao T.T., Doan, Thuy T.T., Chau, Thuong N., Dinh, Hoi T., Iwaki, Masaaki, Senoh, Mitsutoshi, Efstraciou, Androulla, Ho, Nen M., Pham, Duc M., Dang, Duc-Anh, Toizumi, Michiko, Fine, Paul, Do, Hung T., and Yoshida, Lay-Myint

Subjects
Diphtheria -- Statistics -- Risk factors -- Control, Vaccination -- Statistics, Rural population -- Statistics -- Health aspects, Health
Abstract

Diphtheria is an infectious disease caused by toxigenic strains of Cory neb acterium diphtheriae, C. ulcerans, and, rarely, C. pseudotuberculosis (1-3). Although the diphtheria toxoid vaccine contributed to a decrease [...]

Published
2023
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15. Global, regional, and national disease burden estimates of acute lower respiratory infections due to respiratory syncytial virus in children younger than 5 years in 2019: a systematic analysis

Author

Abram, Michael, Aerssens, Jeroen, Alafaci, Annette, Balmaseda, Angel, Bandeira, Teresa, Barr, Ian, Batinović, Ena, Beutels, Philippe, Bhiman, Jinal, Blyth, Christopher C, Bont, Louis, Bressler, Sara S, Cohen, Cheryl, Cohen, Rachel, Costa, Anna-Maria, Crow, Rowena, Daley, Andrew, Dang, Duc-Anh, Demont, Clarisse, Desnoyers, Christine, Díez-Domingo, Javier, Divarathna, Maduja, du Plessis, Mignon, Edgoose, Madeleine, Ferolla, Fausto Martín, Fischer, Thea K, Gebremedhin, Amanuel, Giaquinto, Carlo, Gillet, Yves, Hernandez, Roger, Horvat, Come, Javouhey, Etienne, Karseladze, Irakli, Kubale, John, Kumar, Rakesh, Lina, Bruno, Lucion, Florencia, MacGinty, Rae, Martinon-Torres, Federico, McMinn, Alissa, Meijer, Adam, Milić, Petra, Morel, Adrian, Mulholland, Kim, Mungun, Tuya, Murunga, Nickson, Newbern, Claire, Nicol, Mark P, Odoom, John Kofi, Openshaw, Peter, Ploin, Dominique, Polack, Fernando P, Pollard, Andrew J, Prasad, Namrata, Puig-Barberà, Joan, Reiche, Janine, Reyes, Noelia, Rizkalla, Bishoy, Satao, Shilpa, Shi, Ting, Sistla, Sujatha, Snape, Matthew, Song, Yanran, Soto, Giselle, Tavakoli, Forough, Toizumi, Michiko, Tsedenbal, Naranzul, van den Berge, Maarten, Vernhes, Charlotte, von Mollendorf, Claire, Walaza, Sibongile, Walker, Gregory, Li, You, Wang, Xin, Blau, Dianna M, Caballero, Mauricio T, Feikin, Daniel R, Gill, Christopher J, Madhi, Shabir A, Omer, Saad B, Simões, Eric A F, Campbell, Harry, Pariente, Ana Bermejo, Bardach, Darmaa, Bassat, Quique, Casalegno, Jean-Sebastien, Chakhunashvili, Giorgi, Crawford, Nigel, Danilenko, Daria, Do, Lien Anh Ha, Echavarria, Marcela, Gentile, Angela, Gordon, Aubree, Heikkinen, Terho, Huang, Q Sue, Jullien, Sophie, Krishnan, Anand, Lopez, Eduardo Luis, Markić, Joško, Mira-Iglesias, Ainara, Moore, Hannah C, Moyes, Jocelyn, Mwananyanda, Lawrence, Nokes, D James, Noordeen, Faseeha, Obodai, Evangeline, Palani, Nandhini, Romero, Candice, Salimi, Vahid, Satav, Ashish, Seo, Euri, Shchomak, Zakhar, Singleton, Rosalyn, Stolyarov, Kirill, Stoszek, Sonia K, von Gottberg, Anne, Wurzel, Danielle, Yoshida, Lay-Myint, Yung, Chee Fu, Zar, Heather J, and Nair, Harish

Published
2022
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18. Global burden of acute lower respiratory infection associated with human parainfluenza virus in children younger than 5 years for 2018: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Author

Wang, Xin, Li, You, Deloria-Knoll, Maria, Madhi, Shabir A, Cohen, Cheryl, Arguelles, Vina Lea, Basnet, Sudha, Bassat, Quique, Brooks, W Abdullah, Echavarria, Marcela, Fasce, Rodrigo A, Gentile, Angela, Goswami, Doli, Homaira, Nusrat, Howie, Stephen R C, Kotloff, Karen L, Khuri-Bulos, Najwa, Krishnan, Anand, Lucero, Marilla G, Lupisan, Socorro, Mathisen, Maria, McLean, Kenneth A, Mira-Iglesias, Ainara, Moraleda, Cinta, Okamoto, Michiko, Oshitani, Histoshi, O'Brien, Katherine L, Owor, Betty E, Rasmussen, Zeba A, Rath, Barbara A, Salimi, Vahid, Sawatwong, Pongpun, Scott, J Anthony G, Simões, Eric A F, Sotomayor, Viviana, Thea, Donald M, Treurnicht, Florette K, Yoshida, Lay-Myint, Zar, Heather J, Campbell, Harry, and Nair, Harish

Published
2021
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19. Global burden of acute lower respiratory infection associated with human metapneumovirus in children under 5 years in 2018: a systematic review and modelling study

Author

Libster, Romina, Otieno, Grieven, Joundi, Imane, Broor, Shobha, Nicol, Mark, Amarchand, Ritvik, Shi, Ting, López-Labrador, F. Xavier, Baker, Julia M., Jamison, Alexandra, Choudekar, Avinash, Juvekar, Sanjay, Obermeier, Patrick, Schweiger, Brunhilde, Madrid, Lola, Thomas, Elizabeth, Lanaspa, Miguel, Nohynek, Hanna, Nokes, James, Werner, Marta, Danhg, Anh, Chadha, Mandeep, Puig-Barberà, Joan, Caballero, Mauricio T., Mathisen, Maria, Walaza, Sibongile, Hellferscee, Orienka, Laubscher, Matt, Higdon, Melissa M., Haddix, Meredith, Sawatwong, Pongpun, Baggett, Henry C., Seidenberg, Phil, Mwanayanda, Lawrence, Antonio, Martin, Ebruke, Bernard E., Adams, Tanja, Rahman, Mustafizur, Rahman, Mohammed Ziaur, Sow, Samboa O., Baillie, Vicky L., Workman, Lesley, Toizumi, Michiko, Tapia, Milagritos D., Nguyen, Thi hien anh, Morpeth, Susan, Wang, Xin, Li, You, Deloria-Knoll, Maria, Madhi, Shabir A, Cohen, Cheryl, Ali, Asad, Basnet, Sudha, Bassat, Quique, Brooks, W Abdullah, Chittaganpitch, Malinee, Echavarria, Marcela, Fasce, Rodrigo A, Goswami, Doli, Hirve, Siddhivinayak, Homaira, Nusrat, Howie, Stephen R C, Kotloff, Karen L, Khuri-Bulos, Najwa, Krishnan, Anand, Lucero, Marilla G, Lupisan, Socorro, Mira-Iglesias, Ainara, Moore, David P, Moraleda, Cinta, Nunes, Marta, Oshitani, Histoshi, Owor, Betty E, Polack, Fernando P, O'Brien, Katherine L, Rasmussen, Zeba A, Rath, Barbara A, Salimi, Vahid, Scott, J Anthony G, Simões, Eric A F, Strand, Tor A, Thea, Donald M, Treurnicht, Florette K, Vaccari, Linda C, Yoshida, Lay-Myint, Zar, Heather J, Campbell, Harry, and Nair, Harish

Published
2021
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20. Global burden of respiratory infections associated with seasonal influenza in children under 5 years in 2018: a systematic review and modelling study

Author

Nair, Harish, Campbell, Harry, Wang, Xin, Li, You, Chung, Alexandria, Rahi, Manveer, Abbas, Qalab, Ali, Asad, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A, Saeed, Bushra, Soofi, Sajid B, Yousafzai, Mohammad Tahir, Zaidi, Anita K, Amu, Alberta, Awini, Elizabeth, Azziz-Baumgartner, Eduardo, Baggett, Henry C, Chaves, Sandra S, Shang, Nong, Schrag, Stephanie J, Widdowson, Marc-Alain, Tempia, Stefano, Bassat, Quique, Lanaspa, Miguel, Acácio, Sozinho, Brooks, W Abdullah, Driscoll, Amanda, Knoll, Maria Deloria, O'Brien, Katherine L, Prosperi, Christine, Baqui, Abdullah H, Mullany, Luke, Byass, Peter, Cohen, Cheryl, von Gottberg, Anne, Hellferscee, Orienka, Treurnicht, Florette K, Walaza, Sibongile, Goswami, Doli, Rahman, Mustafizur, Connor, Nicholas E, El Arifeen, Shams, Echavarria, Marcela, Marcone, Débora N, Reyes, Noelia, Gutierrez, Andrea, Rodriguez, Ivan, Lopez, Olga, Ortiz, David, Gonzalez, Nathaly, Gentile, Angela, del Valle Juarez, Maria, Gordon, Aubree, Cutland, Clare, Groome, Michelle, Madhi, Shabir A, Nunes, Marta C, Nzenze, Susan, Heikkinen, Terho, Hirve, Siddhivinayak, Juvekar, Sanjay, Halasa, Natasha, Jara, Jorge H, Bernart, Chris, Katz, Mark A, Gofer, Ilan, Avni, Yonat Shemer, Khuri-Bulos, Najwa, Faori, Samir, Shehabi, Asem, Krishnan, Anand, Kumar, Rakesh, Amarchand, Ritvik, Contreras, Carmen L, de Leon, Oscar, Lopez, Maria R, McCracken, John P, Maldonado, Herberth, Samayoa, Antonio P, Gomez, Ana B, Lucero, Marilla G, Nillos, Leilani T, Lupisan, Socorro P, Nohynek, Hanna, Mira-Iglesias, Ainara, Puig-Barberà, Joan, Díez-Domingo, Javier, Gessner, Bradford D, Njanpop-Lafourcade, Berthe-Marie, Moïsi, Jennifer C, Tall, Haoua, Munywoki, Patrick K, Ngama, Mwanjuma, Nokes, D James, Omer, Saad B, Clark, Dayna R, Ourohiré, Millogo, Ali, Sié, Pascal, Zabré, Cheik, Bagagnan H, Caballero, Mauricio T, Libster, Romina, Polack, Fernando P, Rasmussen, Zeba A, Thomas, Elizabeth D, Baker, Julia M, Rath, Barbara A, Obermeier, Patrick E, Hassanuzzaman, MD., Islam, Maksuda, Islam, Mohammad S, Saha, Samir K, Panigrahi, Pinaki, Bose, Anuradha, Isaac, Rita, Murdoch, David, Nanda, Pritish, Qazi, Shamim A, Hessong, Danielle, Simőes, Eric AF, Sotomayor, Viviana, Thamthitiwat, Somsak, Chittaganpitch, Malinee, Dawood, Halima, Kyobutungi, Catherine, Wamukoya, Marylene, Ziraba, Abdhalah K, Yoshida, Lay-Myint, Yoshihara, Keisuke, Dand, Duc-Anh, Le, Minh-Nhat, Nicol, Mark P, Zar, Heather J, Broor, Shobha, Chadha, Mandeep, Madrid, Lola, Gresh, Lionel, Balmaseda, Angel, Kuan, Guillermina, Wairagkar, Niteen, Tapia, Milagritos D, Knobler, Stacey L, Barahona, Alfredo, Ferguson, Ericka, Schweiger, Brunhilde, Abdullah Brooks, W, Fasce, Rodrigo A, and Simões, Eric AF

Published
2020
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21. Sero and Carriage Epidemiology of Pertussis in Urban and Rural Regions in Vietnam

Author

Toizumi, Michiko, primary, Le, Lien Thuy, additional, Nguyen, Hien Anh Thi, additional, Le, Thao Thi Thu, additional, Kitamura, Noriko, additional, Bui, Liem Xuan, additional, Ho, Nen Minh, additional, Do, Hung Thai, additional, Kamachi, Kazunari, additional, Otsuka, Nao, additional, Bui, Minh Xuan, additional, Dang, Duc Anh, additional, and Yoshida, Lay-Myint, additional

Published
2024
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22. Diphtheria Outbreaks in Schools in Central Highland Districts, Vietnam, 2015-2018

Author

Kitamura, Noriko, Le, Thao T.T, Le, Lien T., Nguyen, Luong D., Dao, Anh T., Hoang, Thanh T., Yoshihara, Keisuke, Iijima, Makiko, The, Tran M., Do, Hung M., Le, Huy X., Do, Hung T., Dang, Anh D., Vien, Mai Q., and Yoshida, Lay-Myint

Subjects
Epidemics -- Causes of -- Vietnam, Diphtheria -- Distribution, Rural schools -- Health aspects, Mortality, Vaccines, Whooping cough, High schools, Childhood, Pediatric diseases, Diphtheria toxoid, Tetanus, Vaccination, Diseases, Company distribution practices, Health
Abstract

Diphtheria is a serious childhood disease with a high mortality rate (1). After a diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine (DTP) was introduced in the early 20th century, the number of cases dramatically decreased. [...]

Published
2020
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24. Prevalence of Streptococcus pneumoniae in conjunctival flora and association with nasopharyngeal carriage among children in a Vietnamese community

Author

Mohamed, Yasser Helmy, Toizumi, Michiko, Uematsu, Masafumi, Nguyen, Hien-Anh Thi, Le, Lien Thuy, Takegata, Mizuki, Iwasaki, Chihiro, Kitamura, Noriko, Nation, Monica L., Dunne, Eileen M., Hinds, Jason, Do, Hung Thai, Vien, Mai Quang, Satzke, Catherine, Flasche, Stefan, Mulholland, Kim, Dang, Duc-Anh, Kitaoka, Takashi, and Yoshida, Lay-Myint

Published
2021
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29. Global patterns in monthly activity of influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza virus, and metapneumovirus: a systematic analysis

Author

Acacio, Sozinho, Alonso, Wladimir J, Antonio, Martin, Ayora Talavera, Guadalupe, Badarch, Darmaa, Baillie, Vicky L, Barrera-Badillo, Gisela, Bigogo, Godfrey, Broor, Shobha, Bruden, Dana, Buchy, Philippe, Byass, Peter, Chipeta, James, Clara, Wilfrido, Dang, Duc-Anh, de Freitas Lázaro Emediato, Carla Cecília, de Jong, Menno, Díaz-Quiñonez, José Alberto, Do, Lien Anh Ha, Fasce, Rodrigo A, Feng, Luzhao, Ferson, Mark J, Gentile, Angela, Gessner, Bradford D, Goswami, Doli, Goyet, Sophie, Grijalva, Carlos G, Halasa, Natasha, Hellferscee, Orienka, Hessong, Danielle, Homaira, Nusrat, Jara, Jorge, Kahn, Kathleen, Khuri-Bulos, Najwa, Kotloff, Karen L, Lanata, Claudio F, Lopez, Olga, Lopez Bolaños, Maria Renee, Lucero, Marilla G, Lucion, Florencia, Lupisan, Socorro P, Madhi, Shabir A, Mekgoe, Omphile, Moraleda, Cinta, Moyes, Jocelyn, Mulholland, Kim, Munywoki, Patrick K, Naby, Fathima, Nguyen, Thanh Hung, Nicol, Mark P, Nokes, D James, Noyola, Daniel E, Onozuka, Daisuke, Palani, Nandhini, Poovorawan, Yong, Rahman, Mustafizur, Ramaekers, Kaat, Romero, Candice, Schlaudecker, Elizabeth P, Schweiger, Brunhilde, Seidenberg, Phil, Simoes, Eric A F, Singleton, Rosalyn, Sistla, Sujatha, Sturm-Ramirez, Katharine, Suntronwong, Nungruthai, Sutanto, Agustinus, Tapia, Milagritos D, Thamthitiwat, Somsak, Thongpan, Ilada, Tillekeratne, Gayani, Tinoco, Yeny O, Treurnicht, Florette K, Turner, Claudia, Turner, Paul, van Doorn, Rogier, Van Ranst, Marc, Visseaux, Benoit, Waicharoen, Sunthareeya, Wang, Jianwei, Yoshida, Lay-Myint, Zar, Heather J, Li, You, Reeves, Rachel M, Wang, Xin, Bassat, Quique, Brooks, W Abdullah, Cohen, Cheryl, Moore, David P, Nunes, Marta, Rath, Barbara, Campbell, Harry, and Nair, Harish

Published
2019
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31. Thực trạng tồn lưu kháng thể kháng độc tố bạch hầu ở người dân từ 5 - 40 tuổi tại tỉnh Khánh Hòa và giải pháp phòng, chống dịch

Author

Đỗ Thái Hùng, Đào Thế Anh, Đinh Thanh Hằng, Lê Hoàng Thiệu, Hoàng Tiến Thanh, Lê Xuân Huy, Nguyễn Đình Lượng, Nguyễn Kỳ Nhật Minh, Tôn Thất Toàn, Lê Hồng Quân, and Lay Myint Yoshida

Abstract

Bạch hầu là bệnh truyền nhiễm gây dịch và có thể gây tử vong bởi độc tố vi khuẩn. Trong những năm gần đây dịch bạch hầu đã xuất hiện ở một số tỉnh tại khu vực miền Trung và Tây Nguyên. Nghiên cứu này nhằm mô tả thực trạng tồn lưu kháng thể kháng độc tố bạch hầu ở người dân từ 5 - 40 tuổi tại tỉnh Khánh Hòa và đề xuất các biện pháp dự phòng dịch bệnh. Nghiên cứu trên 1.195 người ở 08 huyện/thị từ tháng 09/2021 đến tháng 02/2023. Thu thập mẫu huyết thanh để xác định nồng độ kháng thể (NĐKT) kháng bạch hầu bằng kỹ thuật ELISA. Kết quả cho thấy tỷ lệ đối tượng có NĐKT kháng độc tố bạch hầu ở mức đầy đủ hoặc lâu dài khá thấp (26,69%). Nhóm tuổi 5 - 10 có NĐKT trung bình cao nhất - ở mức bảo vệ đầy đủ 0,14IU/ml (trừ nhóm 5 - 10 tuổi tại huyện Khánh Sơn). NĐKT trung bình giảm xuống mức bảo vệ một phần (< 0,1IU/ml) ở hầu hết các nhóm tuổi > 10 ở tất cả các địa bàn nghiên cứu. Cần tổ chức chiến dịch tiêm chủng bổ sung cho nhóm tuổi và địa bàn nguy cơ; duy trì tỷ lệ cao tiêm chủng thường xuyên theo lịch của tiêm chủng mở rộng Quốc gia, tiêm nhắc lại cho nhóm tuổi trên 10 khi có nguy cơ bùng phát dịch, tăng cường truyền thông phòng bệnh.

Published
2023
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32. Association of pneumococcal carriage in infants with the risk of carriage among their contacts in Nha Trang, Vietnam: A nested cross-sectional survey

Author

Qian, George, Toizumi, Michiko, Clifford, Sam, Le, Lien Thuy, Papastylianou, Tasos, Satzke, Catherine, Quilty, Billy, Iwasaki, Chihiro, Kitamura, Noriko, Takegata, Mizuki, Bui, Minh Xuan, Nguyen, Hien Anh Thi, Dang, Duc Anh, van Hoek, Albert Jan, Yoshida, Lay Myint, and Flasche, Stefan

Subjects
Pneumococcal infections -- Risk factors -- Prevention, Disease transmission -- Risk factors -- Prevention, Pediatric research, Pneumococcal vaccine -- Dosage and administration, Biological sciences
Abstract

Background Infants are at highest risk of pneumococcal disease. Their added protection through herd effects is a key part in the considerations on optimal pneumococcal vaccination strategies. Yet, little is currently known about the main transmission pathways to this vulnerable age group. Hence, this study investigates pneumococcal transmission routes to infants in the coastal city of Nha Trang, Vietnam. Methods and findings In October 2018, we conducted a nested cross-sectional contact and pneumococcal carriage survey in randomly selected 4- to 11-month-old infants across all 27 communes of Nha Trang. Bayesian logistic regression models were used to estimate age specific carriage prevalence in the population, a proxy for the probability that a contact of a given age could lead to pneumococcal exposure for the infant. We used another Bayesian logistic regression model to estimate the correlation between infant carriage and the probability that at least one of their reported contacts carried pneumococci, controlling for age and locality. In total, 1,583 infants between 4 and 13 months old participated, with 7,428 contacts reported. Few infants (5%, or 86 infants) attended day care, and carriage prevalence was 22% (353 infants). Most infants (61%, or 966 infants) had less than a 25% probability to have had close contact with a pneumococcal carrier on the surveyed day. Pneumococcal infection risk and contact behaviour were highly correlated: If adjusted for age and locality, the odds of an infant's carriage increased by 22% (95% confidence interval (CI): 15 to 29) per 10 percentage points increase in the probability to have had close contact with at least 1 pneumococcal carrier. Moreover, 2- to 6-year-old children contributed 51% (95% CI: 39 to 63) to the total direct pneumococcal exposure risks to infants in this setting. The main limitation of this study is that exposure risk was assessed indirectly by the age-dependent propensity for carriage of a contact and not by assessing carriage of such contacts directly. Conclusions In this study, we observed that cross-sectional contact and infection studies could help identify pneumococcal transmission routes and that preschool-age children may be the largest reservoir for pneumococcal transmission to infants in Nha Trang, Vietnam., Author(s): George Qian 1,*, Michiko Toizumi 2, Sam Clifford 1, Lien Thuy Le 3, Tasos Papastylianou 4, Catherine Satzke 5, Billy Quilty 1, Chihiro Iwasaki 2, Noriko Kitamura 2, Mizuki [...]

Published
2022
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36. A Birth Cohort Follow-Up Study on Congenital Zika Virus Infection in Vietnam

Author

Toizumi, Michiko, primary, Vu, Cuong Nguyen, additional, Huynh, Hai Thi, additional, Uematsu, Masafumi, additional, Tran, Vy Thao, additional, Vo, Hien Minh, additional, Nguyen, Hien Anh Thi, additional, Ngwe Tun, Mya Myat, additional, Bui, Minh Xuan, additional, Dang, Duc Anh, additional, Moriuchi, Hiroyuki, additional, and Yoshida, Lay-Myint, additional

Published
2023
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39. Global, regional, and national disease burden estimates of acute lower respiratory infections due to respiratory syncytial virus in young children in 2015: a systematic review and modelling study

Author

Shi, Ting, McAllister, David A, O'Brien, Katherine L, Simoes, Eric A F, Madhi, Shabir A, Gessner, Bradford D, Polack, Fernando P, Balsells, Evelyn, Acacio, Sozinho, Aguayo, Claudia, Alassani, Issifou, Ali, Asad, Antonio, Martin, Awasthi, Shally, Awori, Juliet O, Azziz-Baumgartner, Eduardo, Baggett, Henry C, Baillie, Vicky L, Balmaseda, Angel, Barahona, Alfredo, Basnet, Sudha, Bassat, Quique, Basualdo, Wilma, Bigogo, Godfrey, Bont, Louis, Breiman, Robert F, Brooks, W Abdullah, Broor, Shobha, Bruce, Nigel, Bruden, Dana, Buchy, Philippe, Campbell, Stuart, Carosone-Link, Phyllis, Chadha, Mandeep, Chipeta, James, Chou, Monidarin, Clara, Wilfrido, Cohen, Cheryl, de Cuellar, Elizabeth, Dang, Duc-Anh, Dash-yandag, Budragchaagiin, Deloria-Knoll, Maria, Dherani, Mukesh, Eap, Tekchheng, Ebruke, Bernard E, Echavarria, Marcela, de Freitas Lázaro Emediato, Carla Cecília, Fasce, Rodrigo A, Feikin, Daniel R, Feng, Luzhao, Gentile, Angela, Gordon, Aubree, Goswami, Doli, Goyet, Sophie, Groome, Michelle, Halasa, Natasha, Hirve, Siddhivinayak, Homaira, Nusrat, Howie, Stephen R C, Jara, Jorge, Jroundi, Imane, Kartasasmita, Cissy B, Khuri-Bulos, Najwa, Kotloff, Karen L, Krishnan, Anand, Libster, Romina, Lopez, Olga, Lucero, Marilla G, Lucion, Florencia, Lupisan, Socorro P, Marcone, Debora N, McCracken, John P, Mejia, Mario, Moisi, Jennifer C, Montgomery, Joel M, Moore, David P, Moraleda, Cinta, Moyes, Jocelyn, Munywoki, Patrick, Mutyara, Kuswandewi, Nicol, Mark P, Nokes, D James, Nymadawa, Pagbajabyn, da Costa Oliveira, Maria Tereza, Oshitani, Histoshi, Pandey, Nitin, Paranhos-Baccalà, Gláucia, Phillips, Lia N, Picot, Valentina Sanchez, Rahman, Mustafizur, Rakoto-Andrianarivelo, Mala, Rasmussen, Zeba A, Rath, Barbara A, Robinson, Annick, Romero, Candice, Russomando, Graciela, Salimi, Vahid, Sawatwong, Pongpun, Scheltema, Nienke, Schweiger, Brunhilde, Scott, J Anthony G, Seidenberg, Phil, Shen, Kunling, Singleton, Rosalyn, Sotomayor, Viviana, Strand, Tor A, Sutanto, Agustinus, Sylla, Mariam, Tapia, Milagritos D, Thamthitiwat, Somsak, Thomas, Elizabeth D, Tokarz, Rafal, Turner, Claudia, Venter, Marietjie, Waicharoen, Sunthareeya, Wang, Jianwei, Watthanaworawit, Wanitda, Yoshida, Lay-Myint, Yu, Hongjie, Zar, Heather J, Campbell, Harry, and Nair, Harish

Published
2017
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40. A serological framework to investigate acute primary and post-primary dengue cases reporting across the Philippines

Author

Biggs, Joseph R., Sy, Ava Kristy, Brady, Oliver J., Kucharski, Adam J., Funk, Sebastian, Reyes, Mary Anne Joy, Quinones, Mary Ann, Jones-Warner, William, Tu, Yun-Hung, Avelino, Ferchito L., Sucaldito, Nemia L., Mai, Huynh Kim, Lien, Le Thuy, Do Thai, Hung, Nguyen, Hien Anh Thi, Anh, Dang Duc, Iwasaki, Chihiro, Kitamura, Noriko, Yoshida, Lay-Myint, Tandoc, Amado O., la Paz, Eva Cutiongco-de, Capeding, Maria Rosario Z., Padilla, Carmencita D., Hafalla, Julius Clemence R., and Hibberd, Martin L.

Published
2020
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43. Factors influencing nursing faculty members' intent to stay: A structural equation modeling approach.

Author

Lay Lay Myint, Thitinut Akkadechanunt, Somjai Sirakamon, and Bunpitcha Chitpakdee

Subjects
*EMPLOYEE retention, *CORPORATE culture, *CROSS-sectional method, *CRONBACH'S alpha, *QUESTIONNAIRES, *DESCRIPTIVE statistics, *STRUCTURAL equation modeling, *JOB satisfaction, *JOB stress, *INTENTION, *RESEARCH methodology, *SOCIAL support, *DATA analysis software, *EMPLOYEES' workload, RESEARCH evaluation
Abstract

Intent to stay is a helpful indicator in predicting the turnover rate of nursing faculty members in academia. This descriptive, cross-sectional study aimed to identify the factors influencing nursing faculty members' intent to stay. The sample consisted of 350 nursing faculty members randomly selected from 53 nursing and midwifery training schools in Myanmar. Data were collected between June and October 2021. The eight instruments used showed satisfactory (0.80-1.00) for validity and (0.86-0.96) for reliability. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and structural equation modeling (SEM). The final modified model of intent to stay fit the empirical data and explained 81.30% of total variance for intent to stay. SEM revealed that job satisfaction and organizational commitment directly affected intent to stay; transformational leadership, job autonomy, and perceived organizational support indirectly affected intent to stay; and workload, age, and job stress, directly and indirectly, affected intent to stay. These results suggest nursing administrators and nursing leaders to develop appropriate strategies or design interventions for enhancing nursing faculty members' intent to stay. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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45. Effect of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on prevalence of otitis media with effusion among children in Vietnam

Author

Michiko Toizumi, Chisei Satoh, Billy J. Quilty, Hien Anh Thi Nguyen, Lina Madaniyazi, Lien Thuy Le, Chris Fook Sheng Ng, Minoru Hara, Chihiro Iwasaki, Mizuki Takegata, Noriko Kitamura, Monica Larissa Nation, Catherine Satzke, Yoshihiko Kumai, Hung Thai Do, Minh Xuan Bui, Kim Mulholland, Stefan Flasche, Duc Anh Dang, Kenichi Kaneko, and Lay-Myint Yoshida

Subjects
Vaccines, Conjugate, General Veterinary, General Immunology and Microbiology, Otitis Media with Effusion, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Infant, Pneumococcal Infections, Pneumococcal Vaccines, Otitis Media, Cross-Sectional Studies, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Infectious Diseases, Vietnam, Nasopharynx, Carrier State, Prevalence, Humans, Molecular Medicine
Abstract

PURPOSE: Otitis media with effusion (OME) is common in young children and is associated with Streptococcus pneumoniae infection. We aimed to determine the impact of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) introduction on the prevalence of OME and OME associated with vaccine-type (VT) or non-VT. METHODS: Population-based cross-sectional surveys were conducted in pre- (2016) and post-PCV periods (2017, 2018, and 2019) at selected communes in Nha Trang, Vietnam. For each survey, we randomly selected 60 children aged 4-11 months and 60 aged 14-23 months from each commune. Nasopharyngeal sample collection and tympanic membrane examination by digital otoscope were performed. S. pneumoniae was detected and serotyped by lytA qPCR and microarray. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using Firth's logistic regression, stratified by age group. RESULTS: Over the four surveys, 2089 children had a bilateral ear examination. Compared to pre-PCV, the prevalence of OME reduced in 2018 (OR 0.51, 95 %CI 0.28-0.93) and in 2019 (OR 0.53, 95 %CI 0.29-0.97) among the

Published
2022
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46. Thực trạng tồn lưu kháng thể kháng độc tố bạch hầu ở người dân từ 5 - 40 tuổi tại tỉnh Khánh Hòa và giải pháp phòng, chống dịch

Author

Hùng, Đỗ Thái, primary, Anh, Đào Thế, additional, Hằng, Đinh Thanh, additional, Thiệu, Lê Hoàng, additional, Thanh, Hoàng Tiến, additional, Huy, Lê Xuân, additional, Lượng, Nguyễn Đình, additional, Minh, Nguyễn Kỳ Nhật, additional, Toàn, Tôn Thất, additional, Quân, Lê Hồng, additional, and Yoshida, Lay Myint, additional

Published
2023
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48. Antibiotic-Resistant Vibrio cholerae O1 and Its SXT Elements Associated with Two Cholera Epidemics in Kenya in 2007 to 2010 and 2015 to 2016

Author

Shah, Mohammad Monir, Bundi, Martin, Kathiiko, Cyrus, Guyo, Sora, Galata, Amina, Miringu, Gabriel, Ichinose, Yoshio, Yoshida, Lay-Myint, Shah, Mohammad Monir, Bundi, Martin, Kathiiko, Cyrus, Guyo, Sora, Galata, Amina, Miringu, Gabriel, Ichinose, Yoshio, and Yoshida, Lay-Myint

Abstract

Multidrug-resistant Vibrio cholerae O1 strains have long been observed in Africa, and strains exhibiting new resistance phenotypes have emerged during recent epidemics in Kenya. This study aimed to determine the epidemiological aspects, drug resistance patterns, and genetic elements of V. cholerae O1 strains isolated from two cholera epidemics in Kenya between 2007 and 2010 and between 2015 and 2016. A total of 228 V. cholerae O1 strains, including 226 clinical strains isolated from 13 counties in Kenya during the 2007–2010 and 2015–2016 cholera epidemics and two environmental isolates (from shallow well water and spring water isolates) isolated from Pokot and Kwale Counties, respectively, in 2010 were subjected to biotyping, serotyping, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing, including the detection of antibiotic resistance genes and mobile genetic elements. All V. cholerae isolates were identified as El Tor biotypes and susceptible to ceftriaxone, gentamicin, and ciprofloxacin. The majority of isolates were resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (94.6%), streptomycin (92.8%), and nalidixic acid (64.5%), while lower resistance was observed against ampicillin (3.6%), amoxicillin (4.2%), chloramphenicol (3.0%), and doxycycline (1.8%). Concurrently, the integrating conjugative (SXT) element was found in 95.5% of the V. cholerae isolates; conversely, class 1, 2, and 3 integrons were absent. Additionally, 64.5% of the isolates exhibited multidrug resistance patterns. Antibiotic-resistant gene clusters suggest that environmental bacteria may act as cassette reservoirs that favor resistant pathogens. On the other hand, the 2015–2016 epidemic strains were found susceptible to most antibiotics except nalidixic acid. This revealed the replacement of multidrug-resistant strains exhibiting new resistance phenotypes that emerged after Kenya's 2007–2010 epidemic., Microbiology spectrum, 11(3), art. no. e0414022; 2023

Published
2023

49. Evaluation of the effect of reduced-dose pneumococcal conjugate vaccine schedules on vaccine serotype carriage in children and their caretakers in a naïve population in Vietnam: Protocol for a cluster randomized non-inferiority trial

Author

Yoshida, Lay-Myint, Flasche, Stefan, Mulholland, Kim, Nguyen, Hien-Anh, Nguyen, Cattram, Toizumi, Michiko, Dang, Duc-Anh, Yoshida, Lay-Myint, Flasche, Stefan, Mulholland, Kim, Nguyen, Hien-Anh, Nguyen, Cattram, Toizumi, Michiko, and Dang, Duc-Anh

Abstract

Introduction: The WHO currently recommends giving pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) as three doses – either three doses in infancy with Pentavalent vaccine (3p+0), or two doses in infancy followed by a booster around 12 months (2p+1). However, their high price is a barrier to introduction and sustainability in low and middle-income countries. We hypothesize that a schedule with a single priming and a booster dose (1p+1) may maintain similar levels of protection for the community by sustaining herd immunity, once circulation of vaccine types has been controlled. Methods and analysis: We will conduct a cluster randomized trial with four intervention arms (1p+1, 0p+1, 2p+1, 3p+0) and three unvaccinated clusters in the 27 communes of Nha Trang, central Vietnam. A PCV catch-up vaccination campaign to all children under three years of age will be performed at the start of the trial. The primary endpoint is non-inferiority of the1p+1 schedule if compared to the WHO standard 2p+1 and 3p+0 schedules in reducing vaccine serotype carriage prevalence in infants. We will also explore impact of 0p+1 schedule. A baseline and annual pneumococcal carriage surveys of 6480 participants per survey covering infants, toddlers and their mothers will be conducted. Ethics and dissemination: Ethical approvals were obtained from the ethical review committees of Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University (151203149-2) and the Ministry of Health, Vietnam (1915/QD-BYT). The results, interpretation and conclusions will be presented at national and international conferences, and published in peer-reviewed open access journals., Gates Open Research, 7, art. no. 110; 2023

Published
2023

50. A Birth Cohort Follow-Up Study on Congenital Zika Virus Infection in Vietnam

Author

Toizumi, Michiko, Vu, Cuong Nguyen, Huynh, Hai Thi, Uematsu, Masafumi, Tran, Vy Thao, Vo, Hien Minh, Nguyen, Hien Anh Thi, Ngwe, Tun Mya Myat, Bui, Minh Xuan, Dang, Duc Anh, Moriuchi, Hiroyuki, Yoshida, Lay-Myint, Toizumi, Michiko, Vu, Cuong Nguyen, Huynh, Hai Thi, Uematsu, Masafumi, Tran, Vy Thao, Vo, Hien Minh, Nguyen, Hien Anh Thi, Ngwe, Tun Mya Myat, Bui, Minh Xuan, Dang, Duc Anh, Moriuchi, Hiroyuki, and Yoshida, Lay-Myint

Abstract

We assessed the development, sensory status, and brain structure of children with congenital Zika virus (ZIKV) infection (CZI) at two years and preschool age. CZI was defined as either ZIKV RNA detection or positive ZIKV IgM and neutralization test in the cord or neonatal blood. Twelve children with CZI born in 2017–2018 in Vietnam, including one with Down syndrome, were assessed at 23–25.5 months of age, using Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ-3), ASQ:Social-Emotional (ASQ:SE-2), Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers, automated auditory brainstem response (AABR), and Spot Vision Screener (SVS). They underwent brain CT and MRI. They had detailed ophthalmological examinations, ASQ-3, and ASQ:SE-2 at 51–62 months of age. None had birthweight or head circumference z-score < −3 except for the one with Down syndrome. All tests passed AABR (n = 10). No ophthalmological problems were detected by SVS (n = 10) and detailed examinations (n = 6), except for a girl’s astigmatism. Communication and problem-solving domains in a boy at 24 months, gross-motor area in a boy, and gross-motor and fine-motor areas in another boy at 59–61 months were in the referral zone. Brain CT (n = 8) and MRI (n = 6) revealed no abnormalities in the cerebrum, cerebellum, or brainstem other than cerebellar hypoplasia with Down syndrome. The CZI children were almost age-appropriately developed with no brain or eye abnormalities. Careful and longer follow-up is necessary for children with CZI., Viruses, 15(9), art. no. 1928; 2023

Published
2023

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