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357 results on '"Lawson, Glyn"'

2. Probing Cultural Differences in Product Design and Consumer Evaluation Using Repertory Grid Analysis

Author

Tang, Pinyan, Lawson, Glyn, Sun, Xu, and Sharples, Sarah

Abstract

Culture plays an essential role in the success of product design, especially in the age of a global economy where there is a high probability of discrepancy between the designer's intention and the consumer's response. However, the role of culture is often challenging to identify and measure. In the current paper, we employed Repertory Grids to investigate differences in UK and Chinese participants' evaluations of designs, which were themselves from both UK and Chinese students. The techniques of Honey's Content Analysis and Principal Components Analysis were applied to integrate the analysis of both the collected qualitative and quantitative data. The results show that the two groups tended to focus on a similar range of design aspects (i.e. aesthetics, form/shape, usability, creativity, and functionality), but apply different criteria in evaluating such aspects.The UK and Chinese designs were found to be distinctive from each other and tended to appeal more to the people from the same cultural background. The findings reveal the interplay between culture and design and underline the importance of integrating culture into design education.

Published
2022
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3. Immersive virtual worlds: Multi-sensory virtual environments for health and safety training

Author

Lawson, Glyn, Shaw, Emily, Roper, Tessa, Nilsson, Tommy, Bajorunaite, Laura, and Batool, Ayesha

Subjects
Computer Science - Human-Computer Interaction, Computer Science - Multimedia, 93B51, H.1.2, I.3.8, J.4, J.m, K.8.2, I.3.7
Abstract

Virtual environments (VEs) offer potential benefits to health and safety training: exposure to dangerous (virtual) environments; the opportunity for experiential learning; and a high level of control over the training, in that aspects can be repeated or reviewed based on the trainee's performance. However, VEs are typically presented as audiovisual (AV) systems, whereas engagement of other senses could increase the immersion in the virtual experience. Moreover, other senses play a key role in certain health and safety contexts, for example the feel of heat and smell in a fire or smell in a fuel leak. A multisensory (MS) VE was developed, which provided simulated heat and smell in accordance with events in a virtual world. As users approached a virtual fire, they felt heat from three 2 kW heaters and smelled smoke from a scent diffuser. Behaviours in the MS VE demonstrated higher validity than those in a comparable AV VE, which ratings and verbatim responses indicated was down to a greater belief that participants were in a real fire. However, a study of the effectiveness of the MS VE as a training tool demonstrated that it did not offer benefits over AV as measured by a written knowledge test and subjective ratings of engagement, attitude towards health and safety and desire to repeat. However, the study found further evidence for the use of AV VEs in health and safety training, particularly as the subjective ratings were generally better than for PowerPoint based training. Despite the lack of evidence for MS simulation on traditional measures of training, the different attitudes and experiences of users suggest that it may have value as a system for changing trainees' attitudes towards their personal safety and awareness. This view was supported by feedback from industrial partners., Comment: IOSH, (2019)

Published
2019

4. The Heat is On: Exploring User Behaviour in a Multisensory Virtual Environment for Fire Evacuation

Author

Shaw, Emily, Roper, Tessa, Nilsson, Tommy, Lawson, Glyn, Cobb, Sue V. G., and Miller, Daniel

Subjects
Computer Science - Human-Computer Interaction, 93B51, H.1.2, I.3.8, J.4, J.m, K.8.2
Abstract

Understanding validity of user behaviour in Virtual Environments (VEs) is critical as they are increasingly being used for serious Health and Safety applications such as predicting human behaviour and training in hazardous situations. This paper presents a comparative study exploring user behaviour in VE-based fire evacuation and investigates whether this is affected by the addition of thermal and olfactory simulation. Participants (N=43) were exposed to a virtual fire in an office building. Quantitative and qualitative analyses of participant attitudes and behaviours found deviations from those we would expect in real life (e.g. pre-evacuation actions), but also valid behaviours like fire avoidance. Potentially important differences were found between multisensory and audiovisual-only conditions (e.g. perceived urgency). We conclude VEs have significant potential in safety-related applications, and that multimodality may afford additional uses in this context, but the identified limitations of behavioural validity must be carefully considered to avoid misapplication of the technology., Comment: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems

Published
2019
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5. Human Factors and Ergonomics by Distance Learning: Successes, Challenges and Opportunities

Author

Lawson, Glyn, Cobb, Sue V. G., Kacprzyk, Janusz, Series Editor, Gomide, Fernando, Advisory Editor, Kaynak, Okyay, Advisory Editor, Liu, Derong, Advisory Editor, Pedrycz, Witold, Advisory Editor, Polycarpou, Marios M., Advisory Editor, Rudas, Imre J., Advisory Editor, Wang, Jun, Advisory Editor, Black, Nancy L., editor, Neumann, W. Patrick, editor, and Noy, Ian, editor

Published
2021
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13. Predicting human behaviour in emergencies

Author

Lawson, Glyn

Subjects
158.7, TH Building construction, BF Psychology
Abstract

The outcome of an emergency is largely determined by the behaviour of the people involved. To improve the safety of buildings and to increase the effectiveness of response procedures and training programmes it is often necessary to predict human behaviour in emergency situations. There are several approaches which can be used to make these predictions, but not all had previously been systematically analysed and therefore their appropriateness for any given application was unknown. This thesis describes an analysis of approaches for predicting human behaviour in emergencies. The research focussed on approaches which could be used by human factors professionals to extend the contribution this systems-oriented and user-focussed discipline can make to managing risks and reducing danger. The investigated approaches were evaluated against criteria for judging their quality, including validity, reliability, resources, sensitivity and ethics. In research conducted to test the approaches, fire drills, virtual environments (VEs) and a new talk-through approach, in which participants describe the hypothetical actions they would take in an emergency scenario, demonstrated potential for predicting behaviour in emergency situations. These approaches were subsequently evaluated in a standardised comparison, in which each one was applied to analyse the behaviour demonstrated during an evacuation from a university building. The observed frequencies of behaviour produced by each approach were significantly correlated, as were the sequences of behaviour. All of the approaches demonstrated replicability. The resources required to apply each approach were relatively low, especially for the talk-through approach. Based on the findings from this research, and drawing upon previous work from the scientific literature, guidance was provided for selecting approaches and methods for behavioural prediction in emergency situations. The talk-through approach is suitable for use during the concept phase of a design as it is quick to implement and requires low resources. VEs and simulation tools are more appropriate for design activities when detailed CAD models become available. Fire drills can provide useful measures of human behaviour in evacuation scenarios, but require a physical representation of the building or environment under investigation. Fire drills, VEs and simulation tools can be used to inform emergency response procedures. Predictions from all of the aforementioned approaches can support the development of training programmes. This guidance was previously unavailable to human factors professionals and now serves both to inform design work and support the evaluation of existing evacuation procedures and protocols.

Published
2011

14. VR Processes in the Automotive Industry

Author

Lawson, Glyn, Salanitri, Davide, Waterfield, Brian, Hutchison, David, Series editor, Kanade, Takeo, Series editor, Kittler, Josef, Series editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., Series editor, Mattern, Friedemann, Series editor, Mitchell, John C., Series editor, Naor, Moni, Series editor, Pandu Rangan, C., Series editor, Steffen, Bernhard, Series editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, Series editor, Tygar, Doug, Series editor, Weikum, Gerhard, Series editor, and Kurosu, Masaaki, editor

Published
2015
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15. Early Prototype Assessment of a New Virtual System for Training Procedural Skills of Automotive Service Operators: LARTE Tool

Author

Borsci, Simone, Lawson, Glyn, Burgess, Mark, Jha, Bhavna, Hutchison, David, Series editor, Kanade, Takeo, Series editor, Kittler, Josef, Series editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., Series editor, Mattern, Friedemann, Series editor, Mitchell, John C., Series editor, Naor, Moni, Series editor, Pandu Rangan, C., Series editor, Steffen, Bernhard, Series editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, Series editor, Tygar, Doug, Series editor, Weikum, Gerhard, Series editor, and Kurosu, Masaaki, editor

Published
2015
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16. A Systematic Review of Dementia Focused Assistive Technology

Author

Evans, Joanna, Brown, Michael, Coughlan, Tim, Lawson, Glyn, Craven, Michael P., Hutchison, David, Series editor, Kanade, Takeo, Series editor, Kittler, Josef, Series editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., Series editor, Mattern, Friedemann, Series editor, Mitchell, John C., Series editor, Naor, Moni, Series editor, Pandu Rangan, C., Series editor, Steffen, Bernhard, Series editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, Series editor, Tygar, Doug, Series editor, Weikum, Gerhard, Series editor, and Kurosu, Masaaki, editor

Published
2015
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17. Relationship Between Trust and Usability in Virtual Environments: An Ongoing Study

Author

Salanitri, Davide, Hare, Chrisminder, Borsci, Simone, Lawson, Glyn, Sharples, Sarah, Waterfield, Brian, Hutchison, David, Series editor, Kanade, Takeo, Series editor, Kittler, Josef, Series editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., Series editor, Mattern, Friedemann, Series editor, Mitchell, John C., Series editor, Naor, Moni, Series editor, Pandu Rangan, C., Series editor, Steffen, Bernhard, Series editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, Series editor, Tygar, Doug, Series editor, Weikum, Gerhard, Series editor, and Kurosu, Masaaki, editor

Published
2015
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20. Using Cultural Probes to Inform the Design of Assistive Technologies

Author

Brown, Michael, Tsai, Allen, Baurley, Sharon, Koppe, Therese, Lawson, Glyn, Martin, Jennifer, Coughlan, Tim, Elliott, Meretta, Green, Stephen, Arunachalam, Unna, Hutchison, David, editor, Kanade, Takeo, editor, Kittler, Josef, editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., editor, Kobsa, Alfred, editor, Mattern, Friedemann, editor, Mitchell, John C., editor, Naor, Moni, editor, Nierstrasz, Oscar, editor, Pandu Rangan, C., editor, Steffen, Bernhard, editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, editor, Tygar, Doug, editor, Weikum, Gerhard, editor, and Kurosu, Masaaki, editor

Published
2014
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21. Visualising emotion in support of patient-physician communication: an empirical study.

Author

Ma, Hua, Sun, Xu, Lawson, Glyn, Wang, Qingfeng, and Zhang, Yaorun

Subjects
EMPATHY, PHYSICIAN-patient relations, PHYSICIANS' attitudes, INTERVIEWING, MANN Whitney U Test, UNCERTAINTY, QUALITATIVE research, EMOTIONS, PHYSICIANS, SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC factors, EMPIRICAL research
Abstract

Patient-physician communication is a crucial aspect of clinical diagnoses and treatments. However, there are barriers to effective empathic practices, including consciousness, busy working rhythms, and difficulties recognising patients' implicit emotional expressions. While previous research has attempted to support asynchronous medical conversations, this study has explored the use of emotion visualisation techniques for synchronous, face-to-face medical encounters. After interviewing doctors to understand user requirements, an emotion-visualisation prototype, EMVIS, was created. The prototype was evaluated in a study with 31 patients and 37 healthcare providers within different specialist groups using a contextualised Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and follow-up interviews. The results indicated that patients and physicians were generally accepting of emotion visualisation for medical encounters. Patients were more interested in their physicians' attitudes and intentions, while physicians accepted the visualisation, but their requirements differed according to their skill levels and specialities. Hence, four supportive factors - emotional empathy, careful attention, human connection, and reflective conversation - elicited information on how EMVIS contributed to medical conversations. Five future opportunities for the emotion visualisation of medical conversations were discussed in respect of the human factors and potential requirements. These include communicating uncertainty, addressing user diversity, providing explanatory information, managing attention, and supporting negotiations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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26. Deception and Self-awareness

Author

Lawson, Glyn, Stedmon, Alex, Zhang, Chloe, Eubanks, Dawn, Frumkin, Lara, Hutchison, David, Series editor, Kanade, Takeo, Series editor, Kittler, Josef, Series editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., Series editor, Mattern, Friedemann, Series editor, Mitchell, John C., Series editor, Naor, Moni, Series editor, Nierstrasz, Oscar, Series editor, Pandu Rangan, C., Series editor, Steffen, Bernhard, Series editor, Sudan, Madhu, Series editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, Series editor, Tygar, Doug, Series editor, Vardi, Moshe Y., Series editor, Weikum, Gerhard, Series editor, Goebel, Randy, editor, Siekmann, Jörg, editor, Wahlster, Wolfgang, editor, and Harris, Don, editor

Published
2011
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29. The future of manufacturing: Utopia or dystopia?

Author

Marinescu, Adrian, primary, Argyle, Elizabeth M., additional, Duvnjak, Joshua, additional, Wilson, Max L., additional, Lawson, Glyn, additional, Sharples, Sarah, additional, Hubbard, Ella‐Mae, additional, and Justham, Laura, additional

Published
2022
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30. Development of a Technique for Predicting the Human Response to an Emergency Situation

Author

Lawson, Glyn, Sharples, Sarah, Clarke, David, Cobb, Sue, Hutchison, David, Series editor, Kanade, Takeo, Series editor, Kittler, Josef, Series editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., Series editor, Mattern, Friedemann, Series editor, Mitchell, John C., Series editor, Naor, Moni, Series editor, Nierstrasz, Oscar, Series editor, Pandu Rangan, C., Series editor, Steffen, Bernhard, Series editor, Sudan, Madhu, Series editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, Series editor, Tygar, Doug, Series editor, Vardi, Moshe Y., Series editor, Weikum, Gerhard, Series editor, Goebel, Randy, editor, Siekmann, Jörg, editor, Wahlster, Wolfgang, editor, and Harris, Don, editor

Published
2009
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35. DiFac: Digital Factory for Human Oriented Production System

Author

Sacco, Marco, Redaelli, Claudia, Constantinescu, Carmen, Lawson, Glyn, D’Cruz, Mirabelle, Pappas, Menelaos, Hutchison, David, editor, Kanade, Takeo, editor, Kittler, Josef, editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., editor, Mattern, Friedemann, editor, Mitchell, John C., editor, Naor, Moni, editor, Nierstrasz, Oscar, editor, Pandu Rangan, C., editor, Steffen, Bernhard, editor, Sudan, Madhu, editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, editor, Tygar, Doug, editor, Vardi, Moshe Y., editor, Weikum, Gerhard, editor, and Jacko, Julie A., editor

Published
2007
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43. SHION (Smart tHermoplastic InjectiON): An Interactive Digital Twin Supporting Real-Time Shopfloor Operations

Author

Hermawati, Setia and Lawson, Glyn

Subjects
Data models , Solid modeling , Real-time systems , Cloud computing , Digital twin , Predictive models , Plastics
Abstract

Injection molding is widely used to produce plastic components with large lot size. However, guaranteeing consistency and quality of parts in injection molding is challenging. Failures occur due to variation during injection cycles. Thus, real-time detection of failures will have a high impact on quality and productivity. This article is focused on Smart tHermoplastic injectION (SHION), a cloud-based Digital Twin supported by AI-based control of process parameters. Process parameters and their interrelationship with quality failure were studied and used to generate models for real-time prediction of part quality. Two injection manufacturing lines in industry were chosen for data acquisition, implementation, and validation of the Digital Twin. While SHION successfully predicted faulty products in real time, adoption of traditional Cloud-centric Internet of Things approaches poses unforeseen practical challenges such as exposure to risk of losing data due to network issues and prohibitive cost of regularly transferring a large amount data to Cloud services.

Published
2022

44. The future of manufacturing: Utopia or dystopia?

Author

Marinescu, Adrian, Argyle, Elizabeth M., Duvnjak, Joshua, Wilson, Max L., Lawson, Glyn, Sharples, Sarah, Hubbard, Ella‐Mae, and Justham, Laura

Subjects
TECHNOLOGICAL innovations, PUBLIC opinion, UTOPIAS, SYSTEM integration, DIGITAL technology, ANXIETY
Abstract

Digital manufacturing technologies (DMTs) have the potential to transform industry productivity, but their introduction into the workplace is often a complex process, requiring not only technical expertise but also an awareness of ethical and societal challenges surrounding human–system integration. Concerns about the introduction of new technology have been prevalent throughout history, and exploring public perceptions of these technologies can provide insight to help address such cultural anxieties. However, evaluating user perceptions of futuristic technology is difficult, requiring novel approaches to provide context and understanding. To explore users' perceptions of future DMTs, we applied the ContraVision technique in a questionnaire‐based study. Participants viewed films, representing fictionalized utopic and dystopic visions of what the future of these DMTs might involve, and a questionnaire probed the perceptions of the technologies afterward. Findings showed that irrespective of the way technology was portrayed, participants had concerns about the ethical and responsible implementation of these tools. Participant responses were analyzed to identify key challenges for policy surrounding DMT implementation in the future of manufacturing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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