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1. Refined STACK-CNN for Meteor and Space Debris Detection in Highly Variable Backgrounds

Author

Leonardo Olivi, Antonio Montanaro, Mario Edoardo Bertaina, Antonio Giulio Coretti, Dario Barghini, Matteo Battisti, Alexander Belov, Marta Bianciotto, Francesca Bisconti, Carl Blaksley, Sylvie Blin, Karl Bolmgren, Giorgio Cambie, Francesca Capel, Marco Casolino, Igor Churilo, Marino Crisconio, Christophe De La Taille, Toshikazu Ebisuzaki, Johannes Eser, Francesco Fenu, George Filippatos, Massimo Alberto Franceschi, Christer Fuglesang, Alessio Golzio, Philippe Gorodetzky, Fumiyoshi Kajino, Hiroshi Kasuga, Pavel Klimov, Viktoria Kungel, Vladimir Kuznetsov, Massimiliano Manfrin, Laura Marcelli, Gabriele Mascetti, Wlodzimierz Marszal, Marco Mignone, Hiroko Miyamoto, Alexey Murashov, Tommaso Napolitano, Hitoshi Ohmori, Angela Olinto, Etienne Parizot, Piergiorgio Picozza, Lech Wiktor Piotrowski, Zbigniew Plebaniak, Guillaume Prevot, Enzo Reali, Marco Ricci, Giulia Romoli, Naoto Sakaki, Sergei Sharakin, Kenji Shinozaki, Jacek Szabelski, Yoshiyuki Takizawa, Valerio Vagelli, Giovanni Valentini, Michal Vrabel, Lawrence Wiencke, and Mikhail Zotov

Subjects
Neural network applications, space technology, Ocean engineering, TC1501-1800, Geophysics. Cosmic physics, QC801-809
Abstract

In this article, we present cutting-edge machine learning-based techniques for the detection and reconstruction of meteors and space debris in the Mini-EUSO experiment, a detector installed on board of the International Space Station, and pointing toward the Earth. We base our approach on a recent technique, the STACKing method plus Convolutional Neural Network (STACK-CNN), originally developed as an online trigger in an orbiting remediation system to detect space debris. Our proposed method, the refined-STACKing method plus convolutional neural network (R-Stack-CNN), makes the STACKing method plus convolutional neural network (STACK-CNN) more robust, thanks to a random forest that learns the temporal development of these events in the camera. We prove the flexibility of our method by showing that it is sensitive to any space object that moves linearly in the field of view. First, we search small space debris, never observed by Mini-EUSO. Due to the limiting statistics, also in this case, no debris were found. However, since meteors produce signals similar to space debris but they are much more frequent, the R-Stack-CNN is adapted to identify such events while avoiding the numerous false positives of the Stack-CNN. Results from real data show that the R-Stack-CNN is able to find more meteors than a classical thresholding method and a new method of two neural networks. We also show that the method is also able to accurately reconstruct speed and direction of meteors with simulated data.

Published
2024
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2. Neural Network Based Approach to Recognition of Meteor Tracks in the Mini-EUSO Telescope Data

Author

Mikhail Zotov, Dmitry Anzhiganov, Aleksandr Kryazhenkov, Dario Barghini, Matteo Battisti, Alexander Belov, Mario Bertaina, Marta Bianciotto, Francesca Bisconti, Carl Blaksley, Sylvie Blin, Giorgio Cambiè, Francesca Capel, Marco Casolino, Toshikazu Ebisuzaki, Johannes Eser, Francesco Fenu, Massimo Alberto Franceschi, Alessio Golzio, Philippe Gorodetzky, Fumiyoshi Kajino, Hiroshi Kasuga, Pavel Klimov, Massimiliano Manfrin, Laura Marcelli, Hiroko Miyamoto, Alexey Murashov, Tommaso Napolitano, Hiroshi Ohmori, Angela Olinto, Etienne Parizot, Piergiorgio Picozza, Lech Wiktor Piotrowski, Zbigniew Plebaniak, Guillaume Prévôt, Enzo Reali, Marco Ricci, Giulia Romoli, Naoto Sakaki, Kenji Shinozaki, Christophe De La Taille, Yoshiyuki Takizawa, Michal Vrábel, and Lawrence Wiencke

Subjects
machine learning, neural network, pattern recognition, meteor, fluorescence telescope, orbital experiment, Industrial engineering. Management engineering, T55.4-60.8, Electronic computers. Computer science, QA75.5-76.95
Abstract

Mini-EUSO is a wide-angle fluorescence telescope that registers ultraviolet (UV) radiation in the nocturnal atmosphere of Earth from the International Space Station. Meteors are among multiple phenomena that manifest themselves not only in the visible range but also in the UV. We present two simple artificial neural networks that allow for recognizing meteor signals in the Mini-EUSO data with high accuracy in terms of a binary classification problem. We expect that similar architectures can be effectively used for signal recognition in other fluorescence telescopes, regardless of the nature of the signal. Due to their simplicity, the networks can be implemented in onboard electronics of future orbital or balloon experiments.

Published
2023
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4. The Mini-EUSO telescope on board the International Space Station: first results in view of UHECR measurements from space

Author

Mario E. Bertaina, Dario Barghini, Matteo Battisti, Alexander S. Belov, Marta Bianciotto, Francesca Bisconti, Carl Blaksley, Sylvie BLIN, Karl Bolmgren, Giorgio Cambie', Francesca Capel, Marco Casolino, Igor Churilo, Marino Crisconio, Cristophe De La Taille, Toshikazu Ebisuzaki, Johannes Eser, Francesco Fenu, George Filippatos, Massimo Alberto Franceschi, Christer Fuglesang, Alessio Golzio, Philippe Gorodetzky, Fumiyoshi Kajino, Hiroshi Kasuga, Pavel Klimov, Viktoria Kungel, Viktor Kuznetsov, Massimiliano Manfrin, Laura Marcelli, Gabriele Mascetti, Wiktor Marszal, Marco Mignone, Hiroko MIYAMOTO, Alexey Murashov, Tommaso Napolitano, Hiroshi Ohmori, Angela Olinto, Etienne Parizot, Piergiorgio Picozza, Lech Wiktor Piotrowski, Zbigniew Dariusz Plebaniak, Guillaume Prévôt, Enzo Reali, Marco Ricci, Giulia Romoli, Naoto Sakaki, Sergei Sharakin, Kenji Shinozaki, Jacek Szabelski, Yoshiyuki Takizawa, Giovanni Valentini, Michal Vrábel, Lawrence Wiencke, Mikhail Zotov, and Jem-euso Collaboration

Published
2023

6. Probing hadronic interactions using the latest data measured by the Pierre Auger Observatory

Author

Caterina Trimarelli, Pedro Abreu, Marco Aglietta, Ingomar Allekotte, Kévin Almeida Cheminant, Alejandro Almela, Jaime Alvarez-Muniz, Juan Ammerman Yebra, Gioacchino Alex Anastasi, Luis A. Anchordoqui, Belén Andrada, Sofia Andringa, Carla Aramo, Paulo Ricardo Araújo Ferreira, Enrico Arnone, Juan Carlos Arteaga Velazquez, Hernán Gonzalo Asorey, Pedro Assis, Gualberto Avila, Emanuele Avocone, Alina Mihaela Badescu, Alena Bakalova, Alexandru Balaceanu, Felicia Barbato, Jose A. Bellido, Corinne Berat, Mario Edoardo Bertaina, Gopal Bhatta, Peter L. Biermann, Virginia Binet, Kathrin Bismark, Teresa Bister, Jonathan Biteau, Jiri Blazek, Carla Bleve, Johannes Blümer, Martina Bohacova, Denise Boncioli, Carla Bonifazi, Luan Bonneau Arbeletche, Nataliia Borodai, Jeffrey Brack, Thomas Bretz, P. Gabriel Brichetto Orchera, Florian Lukas Briechle, Peter Buchholz, Antonio Bueno, Stijn Buitink, Mario Buscemi, Max Büsken, Anthony Bwembya, Karen S. Caballero-Mora, Lorenzo Caccianiga, Ioana Caracas, Rossella Caruso, Antonella Castellina, Fernando Catalani, Gabriella Cataldi, Lorenzo Cazon, Marcos Cerda, Jose Augusto Chinellato, Jiří Chudoba, Ladislav Chytka, Roger W Clay, Agustín Cobos Cerutti, Roberta Colalillo, Alan Coleman, Maria Rita Coluccia, Rúben Conceição, Antonio Condorelli, Giovanni Consolati, Fernando Contreras, Fabio Convenga, Diego Correia dos Santos, Corbin Covault, Markus Cristinziani, Sergio Dasso, Kai Daumiller, Bruce R. Dawson, Jarryd A. Day, Rogerio M. de Almeida, Joaquin de Jesus, Sijbrand J. de Jong, João de Mello Neto, Ivan De Mitri, Jaime de Oliveira, Danelise de Oliveira Franco, Francesco de Palma, Vitor de Souza, Emanuele De Vito, Antonino Del Popolo, Olivier Deligny, Luca Deval, Armando di Matteo, Madalina Dobre, Carola Dobrigkeit, Juan Carlos D'Olivo, Luis Miguel Domingues Mendes, Rita Cassia dos Anjos, Maria Teresa Dova, Jan Ebr, Mohamed Eman, Ralph Engel, Italo Epicoco, Martin Erdmann, Carlos O. Escobar, Alberto Etchegoyen, Heino Falcke, John Farmer, Glennys R. Farrar, Anderson Campos Fauth, Norberto Fazzini, Fridtjof Feldbusch, Francesco Fenu, Brian Fick, Juan Manuel Figueira, Andrej Filipcic, Thomas Fitoussi, Tomáš Fodran, Toshihiro Fujii, Alan Fuster, Cristina Galea, Claudio Galelli, Beatriz García, Hartmut Gemmeke, Flavia Gesualdi, Alexandru Gherghel-Lascu, Piera Luisa Ghia, Ugo GIACCARI, Marco Giammarchi, Jonas Glombitza, Fabian Gobbi, Fernando Gollan, Geraldina Golup, Mariano Gómez Berisso, Primo F. Gómez Vitale, Juan Pablo Gongora, Juan Manuel González, Nicolas Martin Gonzalez, Isabel Goos, Dariusz Gora, Alessio Gorgi, Marvin Gottowik, Trent D. Grubb, Fausto Guarino, Germano Guedes, Eleonora Guido, Steffen Traugott Hahn, Petr Hamal, Matías Rolf Hampel, Patricia María Hansen, Diego Harari, Violet M. Harvey, Andreas Haungs, Thomas Hebbeker, Dieter Heck, Carlos Hojvat, Jörg R. Hörandel, Pavel Horvath, Miroslav Hrabovsky, Tim Huege, Antonio Insolia, Paula Gina Isar, Petr Janecek, Jeffrey A. Johnsen, Jakub Jurysek, Alex Kääpä, Karl-Heinz Kampert, Bianca Keilhauer, Abha Khakurdikar, Varada Varma Kizakke Covilakam, Hans Klages, Matthias Kleifges, Jonny Kleinfeller, Felix Knapp, Norbert Kunka, Bruno L. Lago, Niklas Langner, Marcelo Augusto Leigui de Oliveira, Vladimir Lenok, Antoine Letessier-Selvon, Isabelle Lhenry-Yvon, Domenico Lo Presti, Luis LOPES, Rebeca López, Lu Lu, Quentin Luce, Jon Paul Lundquist, Allan Machado Payeras, Giovanni Mancarella, Dusan Mandat, Bradley C. Manning, Julien Manshanden, Paul Mantsch, Sullivan Marafico, Federico Maria Mariani, Analisa Mariazzi, Ioana Maris, Giovanni Marsella, Daniele Martello, Sara Martinelli, Oscar Martínez Bravo, Miguel Alexandre Martins, Massimo Mastrodicasa, Hermann-Josef Mathes, James Matthews, Giorgio Matthiae, Eric William Mayotte, Sonja Mayotte, Peter Mazur, Gustavo Medina-Tanco, Diego Melo, Alexander Menshikov, Stanislav Michal, Maria Isabel Micheletti, Lino Miramonti, Silvia Mollerach, François Montanet, Leonel Morejon, Carlo Morello, Ana L. Müller, Katharine Mulrey, Roberto Mussa, Marco Stein Muzio, Wilson M. Namasaka, Alina Nasr-Esfahani, Lukas Nellen, Gabriela Nicora, Mihai Niculescu-Oglinzanu, Marcus Niechciol, Dave Nitz, Ian Norwood, Dalibor Nosek, Vladimír Novotný, Libor Nozka, Achille Nucita, Luis A. Nunez, Cainã Oliveira, Miroslav Palatka, Juan Pallotta, Gonzalo Parente, Alejandra Parra, Jannis Pawlowsky, Miroslav Pech, Jan Pękala, Rodrigo Pelayo, Edyvania Emily Pereira Martins, Johnnier Perez Armand, Carmina Pérez Bertolli, Lorenzo Perrone, Sergio Petrera, Camilla Petrucci, Tanguy Pierog, Mário Pimenta, Manuel Platino, Bjarni Pont, Mart Pothast, Paolo Privitera, Michael Prouza, Andrew Puyleart, Sven Querchfeld, Julian Rautenberg, Diego Ravignani, Maximilian Reininghaus, Jan Ridky, Felix Riehn, Markus Risse, Vincenzo Rizi, Washington Rodrigues de Carvalho, Jorge Rubén Rodriguez Rojo, Matías J. Roncoroni, Simone Rossoni, Markus Roth, Esteban Roulet, Adrian Rovero, Philip Ruehl, Alexandra Saftoiu, Mohit Saharan, Francesco Salamida, Humberto Ibarguen Salazar, Gaetano Salina, Jose Sanabria Gomez, Federico Andrés Sánchez, Edivaldo Moura Santos, Eva Santos, Fred Sarazin, Raul Sarmento, Ricardo Sato, Pierpaolo Savina, Christoph M. Schäfer, Viviana Scherini, Harald Schieler, Martin Schimassek, Michael Schimp, Felix Schlüter, David Schmidt, Olaf Scholten, Harm Schoorlemmer, Petr Schovanek, Frank G. Schröder, Josina Schulte, Tobias Schulz, Sergio J Sciutto, Marina Scornavacche, Alberto Segreto, Srijan Sehgal, Shima Ujjani Shivashankara, Guenter Sigl, Gaia Silli, Octavian Sima, Raluca Smau, Radomir Smida, Paul Sommers, Jorge F. Soriano, Ruben Squartini, Maximilian Stadelmaier, Denis Stanca, Samo Stanič, Jaroslaw Stasielak, Patrick Stassi, Maximilian Straub, Alexander Streich, Mauricio Suárez-Durán, Tristan Sudholz, Tiina Suomijarvi, A. Daniel Supanitsky, Zbigniew Szadkowski, Alex Tapia, Carla Taricco, Charles Timmermans, Olena Tkachenko, Petr Tobiska, Carlos J. Todero Peixoto, Bernardo Tomé, Zoé Torrès, Andres Travaini, Petr Travnicek, Matias Jorge Tueros, Ralf Ulrich, Michael Unger, Lukáš Vaclavek, Martin Vacula, Jose F. Valdés Galicia, Laura Valore, Enrique Varela, Adriana Vásquez-Ramírez, Darko Veberic, Cynthia Ventura, Indira D. Vergara Quispe, Valerio Verzi, Jakub Vicha, Jacco Vink, Serguei Vorobiov, Hernan Wahlberg, Clara Keiko Oliveira Watanabe, Alan Watson, Andreas Weindl, Lawrence Wiencke, Henryk Wilczyński, David Wittkowski, Brian Wundheiler, Alexey Yushkov, Orazio Zapparrata, Enrique Zas, Danilo Zavrtanik, Marko Zavrtanik, and Lukas Zehrer

Published
2022

7. The JEM-EUSO Program for UHECR Studies from Space

Author

Etienne Parizot, Marco Casolino, Piergiorgio Picozza, Toshikazu Ebisuzaki, Mario Edoardo Bertaina, Christer Fuglesang, Andreas Haungs, Fumiyoshi Kajino, Pavel Klimov, Angela Olinto, Marco Ricci, Hiroyuki Sagawa, Jacek Szabelski, Lawrence Wiencke, AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), and JEM-EUSO

Subjects
satellite, cosmic radiation, UHE, General Medicine, showers, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], beam, width
Abstract

International audience; To take up the challenge of understanding the origin of the ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs), new observational means appear necessary. The JEM-EUSO Collaboration has undertaken to open the space road to UHECR studies. For more than a decade, it has been developing a realistic program to measure the UHECRs from space with unprecedented aperture, together with complementary scientific objectives in a broader multidisciplinary context. Several intermediate missions have already been completed (on the ground: EUSO-TA; under stratospheric ballons: EUSO-Balloon and EUSO-SPB1; in space: TUS, and on-board the ISS: MINI-EUSO), and others are in preparation for flight (EUSO-SPB2), under review (K-EUSO: currently on hold), or proposed for the next decade (POEMMA). We report on the general status of the JEM-EUSO program, underlining that its technology has now reached operational maturity, and is ready for actual cosmic-ray shower detection from above.

Published
2022

8. Implications of Mini-EUSO measurements for a space-based observation of UHECRs

Author

Mario Edoardo Bertaina, Dario Barghini, Matteo Battisti, Alexander Belov, Marta Bianciotto, Francesca Bisconti, Carl Blaksley, Sylvie Blin, Karl Bolmgren, Giorgio Cambiè, Francesca Capel, Marco Casolino, Igor Churilo, Marino Crisconio, Christophe De La Taille, Toshikazu Ebisuzaki, Johannes Eser, Francesco Fenu, George Filippatos, Massimo Alberto Franceschi, Christer Fuglesang, Alessio Golzio, Philippe Gorodetzky, Fumiyoshi Kajino, Hiroshi Kasuga, Pavel Klimov, Viktoria Kungel, Vladimir Kuznetsov, Massimiliano Manfrin, Laura Marcelli, Gabriele Mascetti, Włodzimierz Marszał, Marco Mignone, Hiroko Miyamoto, Alexey Murashov, Tommaso Napolitano, Hitoshi Ohmori, Angela Olinto, Etienne Parizot, Piergiorgio Picozza, Lech Wiktor Piotrowski, Zbigniew Plebaniak, Guillaume Prévôt, Enzo Reali, Marco Ricci, Giulia Romoli, Naoto Sakaki, Sergei Sharakin, Kenji Shinozaki, Jacek Szabelski, Yoshiyuki Takizawa, Giovanni Valentini, Michal Vrabel, Lawrence Wiencke, Mikhail Zotov, AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Organisation de Micro-Électronique Générale Avancée (OMEGA), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and JEM-EUSO

Subjects
photomultiplier, lens, air, tube, satellite, photon, cosmic radiation, UHE, resolution, General Medicine, trigger, showers, sensitivity, category, optical, surface, cloud, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], spatial resolution
Abstract

International audience; Mini-EUSO is the first mission of the JEM-EUSO program on board the International Space Station. It was launched in 2019 and it is currently located in the Russian section (Zvezda module) of the station and viewing our planet from a nadir-facing UV-transparent window. The instrument is based on the concept of the original JEM-EUSO mission and consists of an optical system employing two Fresnel lenses and a focal surface composed of 36 Multi-Anode Photomultiplier tubes, 64 channels each, for a total of 2304 channels with single photon counting sensitivity and an overall field of view of 44° × 44°. Mini-EUSO can map the night-time Earth in the near UV range (predominantly between 290 nm and 430 nm), with a spatial resolution of about 6.3 km and different temporal resolutions of 2.5 µ, 320 µs and 41 ms. Mini-EUSO observations are extremely important to better assess the potential of a space-based detector in studying Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECRs) such as K-EUSO and POEMMA. In this contribution we focus the attention on UV measurements, the observation of clouds and of certain categories of events that Mini-EUSO triggers with the shortest temporal resolution. We place them in the context of UHECR observations from space, namely the estimation of exposure and sensitivity to Extensive Air Showers.

Published
2022

9. High-Energy and Ultra-High-Energy Neutrinos: A Snowmass White Paper

Author

Markus Ackermann, Mauricio Bustamante, Lu Lu, Nepomuk Otte, Mary Hall Reno, Stephanie Wissel, Sanjib K. Agarwalla, Jaime Alvarez-Muñiz, Rafael Alves Batista, Carlos A. Argüelles, Brian A. Clark, Austin Cummings, Sudipta Das, Valentin Decoene, Peter B. Denton, Damien Dornic, Zhan-Arys Dzhilkibaev, Yasaman Farzan, Alfonso Garcia, Maria Vittoria Garzelli, Christian Glaser, Aart Heijboer, Jörg R. Hörandel, Giulia Illuminati, Yu Seon Jeong, John L. Kelley, Kevin J. Kelly, Ali Kheirandish, Spencer R. Klein, John F. Krizmanic, Michael J. Larson, Kohta Murase, Ashish Narang, Remy L. Prechelt, Steven Prohira, Elisa Resconi, Marcos Santander, Victor B. Valera, Justin Vandenbroucke, Olga Vasil'evna Suvorova, Lawrence Wiencke, Shigeru Yoshida, Tianlu Yuan, Enrique Zas, Pavel Zhelnin, Bei Zhou, Luis A. Anchordoqui, Yosuke Ashida, Mahdi Bagheri, Aswathi Balagopal, Vedant Basu, James Beatty, Keith Bechtol, Nicole Bell, Abigail Bishop, Julia Book, Anthony Brown, Alexander Burgman, Michael Campana, Nhan Chau, Thomas Y. Chen, Alan Coleman, Amy Connolly, Janet M. Conrad, Pablo Correa, Cyril Creque-Sarbinowski, Zachary Curtis-Ginsberg, Paramita Dasgupta, Simon De Kockere, Krijn de Vries, Cosmin Deaconu, Abhishek Desai, Tyce DeYoung, Armando di Matteo, Dominik Elsaesser, Phillip Fürst, Kwok Lung Fan, Anatoli Fedynitch, Derek Fox, Erik Ganster, Martin Ha Minh, Christian Haack, Steffen Hallman, Francis Halzen, Andreas Haungs, Aya Ishihara, Eleanor Judd, Timo Karg, Albrecht Karle, Teppei Katori, Alina Kochocki, Claudio Kopper, Marek Kowalski, Ilya Kravchenko, Naoko Kurahashi, Mathieu Lamoureux, Hermes León Vargas, Massimiliano Lincetto, Qinrui Liu, Jim Madsen, Yuya Makino, Joseph Mammo, Zsuzsa Marka, Eric Mayotte, Kevin Meagher, Maximilian Meier, Lino Miramonti, Marjon Moulai, Katharine Mulrey, Marco Muzio, Richard Naab, Anna Nelles, William Nichols, Alisa Nozdrina, Erin O'Sullivan, Vivian OD́ell, Jesse Osborne, Vishvas Pandey, Ek Narayan Paudel, Alex Pizzuto, Mattias Plum, Carlos Pobes Aranda, Lilly Pyras, Christoph Raab, Zoe Rechav, Juan Rojo, Oscar Romero Matamala, Pierpaolo Savina, Frank Schroeder, Lisa Schumacher, Sergio Sciutto, Stephen Sclafani, Mohammad Ful Hossain Seikh, Manuel Silva, Rajeev Singh, Daniel Smith, Samuel Timothy Spencer, Robert Wayne Springer, Juliana Stachurska, Olga Suvorova, Ignacio Taboada, Simona Toscano, Matias Tueros, Jean Pierre Twagirayezu, Nick van Eijndhoven, Péter Veres, Abigail Vieregg, Winnie Wang, Nathan Whitehorn, Walter Winter, Emre Yildizci, Shiqi Yu, Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (CPPM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Faculty of Sciences and Bioengineering Sciences, Elementary Particle Physics, and Physics

Subjects
Astrophysics and Astronomy, neutrino: energy: high, Astronomy, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Baikal, WIMP: dark matter, neutrino: flux, IceCube, neutrino: decay, neutrino: energy, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], neutrino: supernova, numerical calculations, KM3NeT, Particle Physics - Phenomenology, astro-ph.HE, new physics, hep-ex, ANITA, Astronomy and Astrophysics, hep-ph, neutrino: UHE, neutrino: propagation, neutrino: detector, Space and Planetary Science, [PHYS.HPHE]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Phenomenology [hep-ph], [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Particle Physics - Experiment
Abstract

Astrophysical neutrinos are excellent probes of astroparticle physics and high-energy physics. With energies far beyond solar, supernovae, atmospheric, and accelerator neutrinos, high-energy and ultra-high-energy neutrinos probe fundamental physics from the TeV scale to the EeV scale and beyond. They are sensitive to physics both within and beyond the Standard Model through their production mechanisms and in their propagation over cosmological distances. They carry unique information about their extreme non-thermal sources by giving insight into regions that are opaque to electromagnetic radiation. This white paper describes the opportunities astrophysical neutrino observations offer for astrophysics and high-energy physics, today and in coming years. Astrophysical neutrinos are excellent probes of astroparticle physics and high-energy physics. With energies far beyond solar, supernovae, atmospheric, and accelerator neutrinos, high-energy and ultra-high-energy neutrinos probe fundamental physics from the TeV scale to the EeV scale and beyond. They are sensitive to physics both within and beyond the Standard Model through their production mechanisms and in their propagation over cosmological distances. They carry unique information about their extreme non-thermal sources by giving insight into regions that are opaque to electromagnetic radiation. This white paper describes the opportunities astrophysical neutrino observations offer for astrophysics and high-energy physics, today and in coming years.

Published
2022

10. Development of a cosmic ray oriented trigger for the fluorescence telescope on EUSO-SPB2

Author

George Filippatos, Matteo Battisti, Alexander Belov, Mario Bertaina, Francesca Bisconti, Johannes Eser, Marco Mignone, Fred Sarazin, and Lawrence Wiencke

Subjects
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Atmospheric Science, UHECRs, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, JEM-EUSO, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Aerospace Engineering, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Supper Pressure Balloon, Trigger, Geophysics, Space and Planetary Science, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, EUSO-SPB2, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

The Extreme Universe Space Observatory on a Super Pressure Balloon 2 (EUSO-SPB2), in preparation, aims to make the first observations of Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECRs) from near space using optical techniques. EUSO-SPB2 will prototype instrumentation for future satellite-based missions, including the Probe of Extreme Multi-Messenger Astrophysics (POEMMA) and K-EUSO. The payload will consist of two telescopes. The first is a Cherenkov telescope (CT) being developed to quantify the background for future below-the-limb very high energy (E>10 PeV) astrophysical neutrino observations, and the second is a fluorescence telescope (FT) being developed for detection of UHECRs. The FT will consist of a Schmidt telescope, and a 6192 pixel ultraviolet camera with an integration time of 1.05 microseconds. The first step in the data acquisition process for the FT is a hardware level trigger in order to decide which data to record. In order to maximize the number of UHECR induced extensive air showers (EASs) which can be detected, a novel trigger algorithm has been developed based on the intricacies and limitations of the detector. The expected performance of the trigger has been characterized by simulations and, pending hardware verification, shows that EUSO-SPB2 is well positioned to attempt the first near-space observation of UHECRs via optical techniques.

Published
2022

11. Neutrino propagation in the Earth and emerging charged leptons with $\texttt{nuPyProp}$

Author

Diksha Garg, Sameer Patel, Mary Hall Reno, Alexander Reustle, Yosui Akaike, Luis A. Anchordoqui, Douglas R. Bergman, Isaac Buckland, Austin L. Cummings, Johannes Eser, Fred Garcia, Claire Guépin, Tobias Heibges, Andrew Ludwig, John F. Krizmanic, Simon Mackovjak, Eric Mayotte, Sonja Mayotte, Angela V. Olinto, Thomas C. Paul, Andrés Romero-Wolf, Frédéric Sarazin, Tonia M. Venters, Lawrence Wiencke, and Stephanie Wissel

Subjects
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

Ultra-high-energy neutrinos serve as messengers of some of the highest energy astrophysical environments. Given that neutrinos are neutral and only interact via weak interactions, neutrinos can emerge from sources, traverse astronomical distances, and point back to their origins. Their weak interactions require large target volumes for neutrino detection. Using the Earth as a neutrino converter, terrestrial, sub-orbital, and satellite-based instruments are able to detect signals of neutrino-induced extensive air showers. In this paper, we describe the software code $\texttt{nuPyProp}$ that simulates tau neutrino and muon neutrino interactions in the Earth and predicts the spectrum of the $\tau$-lepton and muons that emerge. The $\texttt{nuPyProp}$ outputs are lookup tables of charged lepton exit probabilities and energies that can be used directly or as inputs to the $\texttt{nuSpaceSim}$ code designed to simulate optical and radio signals from extensive air showers induced by the emerging charged leptons. We describe the inputs to the code, demonstrate its flexibility and show selected results for $\tau$-lepton and muon exit probabilities and energy distributions. The $\texttt{nuPyProp}$ code is open source, available on Github., Comment: 42 pages, 21 figures, fixed typo in one of the author's name. Code available at https://github.com/NuSpaceSim/nupyprop

Published
2022
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12. Towards observations of nuclearites in Mini-EUSO

Author

A. Franceschi, Christer Fuglesang, Francesca Bisconti, Dario Barghini, Witold Marszał, Enzo Reali, Francesco Fenu, Lech Wiktor Piotrowski, Giuseppe Osteria, Marco Ricci, Guillaume Prévôt, Z. Plebaniak, Jacek Szabelski, Marco Casolino, T. Napolitano, L. Marcelli, Kenji Shinozaki, F. Cafagna, G. Cambiè, Hiroshi Kasuga, Philippe Gorodetzki, Marco Mignone, Pavel Klimov, Yoshiyuki Takizawa, F. Kajino, C. Blaksley, Satoshi Wada, Naoto Sakaki, Alexander S. Belov, Karl Bolmgren, Victoria Kungel, Piergiorgio Picozza, Alessio Golzio, Francesca Capel, Toshikazu Ebisuzaki, M. Manfrin, Matteo Battisti, Mario E. Bertaina, Lawrence Wiencke, Etienne Parizot, Hiroko Miyamoto, Guarino, Fausto, Isgro', Francesco, Colalillo, Roberta, Mese, Marco, Prevete, Roberto, Scotti, Valentina, and Valore, Laura

Subjects
Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Strange quark, Meteoroid, Flux, Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, Field of view, Time resolution, Nuclear matter, High Energy Physics - Experiment, law.invention, Telescope, Atmosphere, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), law, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
Abstract

Mini-EUSO is a small orbital telescope with a field of view of $44^{\circ}\times 44^{\circ}$, observing the night-time Earth mostly in 320-420 nm band. Its time resolution spanning from microseconds (triggered) to milliseconds (untriggered) and more than $300\times 300$ km of the ground covered, already allowed it to register thousands of meteors. Such detections make the telescope a suitable tool in the search for hypothetical heavy compact objects, which would leave trails of light in the atmosphere due to their high density and speed. The most prominent example are the nuclearites -- hypothetical lumps of strange quark matter that could be stabler and denser than the nuclear matter. In this paper, we show potential limits on the flux of nuclearites after collecting 42 hours of observations data., Comment: To be published in the Proceedings of the 37th International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC 2021), Berlin, 12 -23 July 2021

Published
2022
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13. EUSO-SPB2 Telescope Optics and Testing

Author

Petr Schovanek, Angela V. Olinto, Patrick J. Reardon, Julianna Desiato, Miroslav Pech, Chantal Wang, Johannes Eser, William Finch, Randy Bachman, Viktoria Kungel, Madeline Dawes, Lindsey Huelett, Jerod Brewster, Justin Pace, and Lawrence Wiencke

Subjects
Point spread function, Physics, business.industry, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Laser, law.invention, Telescope, Optics, Lidar, law, Calibration, business, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Cherenkov radiation
Abstract

The Extreme Universe Space Observatory - Super Pressure Balloon (EUSO-SPB2) mission will fly two custom telescopes that feature Schmidt optics to measure \v{C}erenkov- and fluorescence-emission of extensive air-showers from cosmic rays at the PeV and EeV-scale, and search for tau-neutrinos. Both telescopes have 1-meter diameter apertures and UV/UV-visible sensitivity. The \v{C}erenkov telescope uses a bifocal mirror segment alignment, to distinguish between a direct cosmic ray that hits the camera versus the \v{C}erenkov light from outside the telescope. Telescope integration and laboratory calibration will be performed in Colorado. To estimate the point spread function and efficiency of the integrated telescopes, a test beam system that delivers a 1-meter diameter parallel beam of light is being fabricated. End-to-end tests of the fully integrated instruments will be carried out in a field campaign at dark sites in the Utah desert using cosmic rays, stars, and artificial light sources. Laser tracks have long been used to characterize the performance of fluorescence detectors in the field. For EUSO-SPB2 an improvement in the method that includes a correction for aerosol attenuation is anticipated by using a bi-dynamic Lidar configuration in which both the laser and the telescope are steerable. We plan to conduct these field tests in Fall 2021 and Spring 2022 to accommodate the scheduled launch of EUSO-SPB2 in 2023 from Wanaka, New Zealand.

Published
2021

14. Monte Carlo simulations of neutrino and charged lepton propagation in the Earth with nuPyProp

Author

Mary Hall Reno, Tonia M. Venters, Isaac Buckland, Lawrence Wiencke, Luis A. Anchordoqui, Fred Sarazin, Y. Akaike, T. Paul, Angela V. Olinto, Stephanie Wissel, Claire Guépin, Douglas Bergman, S. Mackovjak, Andrew Romero-Wolf, Alex Reustle, Austin Cummings, Sameer Patel, John Krizmanic, and Johannes Eser

Subjects
Physics, Particle physics, Muon, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Monte Carlo method, Electron, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Tau neutrino, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Neutrino, Neutrino oscillation, Cherenkov radiation, Lepton
Abstract

An accurate modeling of neutrino flux attenuation and the distribution of leptons they produce in transit through the Earth is an essential component to determine neutrino flux sensitivities of underground, sub-orbital and space-based detectors. Through neutrino oscillations over cosmic distances, astrophysical neutrino sources are expected to produce nearly equal fluxes of electron, muon and tau neutrinos. Of particular interest are tau neutrinos that interact in the Earth at modest slant depths to produce $\tau$-leptons. Some $\tau$-leptons emerge from the Earth and decay in the atmosphere to produce extensive air showers. Future balloon-borne and satellite-based optical Cherenkov neutrino telescopes will be sensitive to upward air showers from tau neutrino induced $\tau$-lepton decays. We present nuPyProp, a python code that is part of the nuSpaceSim package. nuPyProp generates look-up tables for exit probabilities and energy distributions for $\nu_\tau\to \tau$ and $\nu_\mu\to \mu$ propagation in the Earth. This flexible code runs with either stochastic or continuous electromagnetic energy losses for the lepton transit through the Earth. Current neutrino cross section models and energy loss models are included along with templates for user input of other models. Results from nuPyProp are compared with other recent simulation packages for neutrino and charged lepton propagation. Sources of modeling uncertainties are described and quantified., Comment: 9 pages, 6 figures, PoS(ICRC2021)1203; for associated code, see https://github.com/NuSpaceSim/nupyprop

Published
2021

15. Prospects for macroscopic dark matter detection at space-based and suborbital experiments

Author

John Krizmanic, Kenji Shinozaki, M. E. Bertaina, Luis A. Anchordoqui, Marco Casolino, Tonia M. Venters, Jorge F. Soriano, Angela V. Olinto, Fred Sarazin, Lech Wiktor Piotrowski, A. Nepomuk Otte, Lawrence Wiencke, T. Paul, Mary Hall Reno, and Johannes Eser

Subjects
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, Quark, Dark matter, FOS: Physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, Space (mathematics), Rotation formalisms in three dimensions, Luminosity, Computational physics, Atmosphere, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), Orders of magnitude (time), Macro, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

We compare two different formalisms for modeling the energy deposition of macroscopically sized/massive quark nuggets (a.k.a. macros) in the Earth's atmosphere. We show that for a reference mass of 1 g, there is a discrepancy in the macro luminosity of about 14 orders of magnitude between the predictions of the two formalisms. Armed with our finding we estimate the sensitivity for macro detection at space-based (Mini-EUSO and POEMMA) and suborbital (EUSO-SPB2) experiments., 5 pages revtex, 3 figures

Published
2021

16. Extreme Universe Space Observatory on a Super Pressure Balloon 1 calibration: from the laboratory to the desert

Author

Andreas Haungs, Matthias Kleifges, Lawrence Wiencke, Angela V. Olinto, Andrea Santangelo, E. Parizot, P. Gorodetzky, J. Evrard, E. Kuznetsov, Austin Cummings, M. Przybylak, Fausto Guarino, L. Marcelli, M. Rezazadeh, R. Young, F. Cafagna, J. Escobar, Y. Takizawa, Marco Casolino, Claudio Fornaro, C. Blaksley, W. Painter, J. Szabelski, Toshikazu Ebisuzaki, Y. Kawasaki, G. Prévôt, Z. Polonski, Francesco Fenu, W. Marszał, D. Campana, W. Hedber, F. Perfetto, J. H. Adams, J. C. Sanchez Balanzar, W. Finch, Johannes Eser, Lech Wiktor Piotrowski, S. Blin-Bondil, S. S. Meyer, malek mastafa, A. Jung, P. Picozza, T. Paul, P. Barrillon, R. Gregg, B. Panico, G. Osteria, R. Bachman, A. Diaz Damian, Gustavo Medina-Tanco, M. J. Christl, S. Bacholle, A. Ebersoldt, M. E. Bertaina, Kenji Shinozaki, S. Dagoret-Campagne, Jörg Bayer, Louisa Allen, P. von Ballmoos, M. Ricci, Fred Sarazin, Z. Plebaniak, V. Scotti, H. Miyamoto, S. Mackovjak, P. Hunt, Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Organisation de Micro-Électronique Générale Avancée (OMEGA), École polytechnique (X)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Adams, J. H., Allen, L., Bachman, R., Bacholle, S., Barrillon, P., Bayer, J., Bertaina, M., Blaksley, C., Blin-Bondil, S., Cafagna, F., Campana, D., Casolino, M., Christl, M. J., Cummings, A., Dagoret-Campagne, S., Damian, A. D., Ebersoldt, A., Ebisuzaki, T., Escobar, J., Eser, J., Evrard, J., Fenu, F., Finch, W., Fornaro, C., Gorodetzky, P., Gregg, R., Guarino, F., Haungs, A., Hedber, W., Hunt, P., Jung, A., Kawasaki, Y., Kleifges, M., Kuznetsov, E., Mackovjak, S., Marcelli, L., Marszal, W., Medina-Tanco, G., Meyer, S. S., Miyamoto, H., Mastafa, M., Olinto, A. V., Osteria, G., Painter, W., Panico, B., Parizot, E., Paul, T., Perfetto, F., Picozza, P., Piotrowski, L. W., Plebaniak, Z., Polonski, Z., Prevot, G., Przybylak, M., Rezazadeh, M., Ricci, M., Balanzar, J. C. S., Santangelo, A., Sarazin, F., Scotti, V., Shinozaki, K., Szabelski, J., Takizawa, Y., Wiencke, L., Young, R., and von Ballmoos, P.

Subjects
Field of view, 02 engineering and technology, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, High Energy Physics - Experiment, pressure, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Observatory, law, pixel, ultraviolet, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, optical, site, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, time resolution, Physics, Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, observatory, Refracting telescope, Calibration, Stratospheric balloon, UHECR experiment, Focal surface, fluorescence, EUSO-SPB1, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Field tests, performance, photoelectron, lens, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, Telescope, Optics, 0103 physical sciences, surface, Angular resolution, cosmic radiation: UHE, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), business.industry, 020207 software engineering, Astronomy and Astrophysics, flux, angular resolution, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, trigger: efficiency, business, laser: beam
Abstract

International audience; The Extreme Universe Space Observatory on a Super Pressure Balloon 1 (EUSO-SPB1) instrument was launched out of Wanaka, New Zealand, by NASA in April, 2017 as a mission of opportunity. The detector was developed as part of the Joint Experimental Missions for the Extreme Universe Space Observatory (JEM-EUSO) program toward a space-based ultra-high energy cosmic ray (UHECR) telescope with the main objective to make the first observation of UHECRs via the fluorescence technique from suborbital space. The EUSO-SPB1 instrument is a refractive telescope consisting of two 1m$^{2}$ Fresnel lenses with a high-speed UV camera at the focal plane. The camera has 2304 individual pixels capable of single photoelectron counting with a time resolution of 2.5μ s. A detailed performance study including calibration was done on ground. We separately evaluated the properties of the Photo Detector Module (PDM) and the optical system in the laboratory. An end-to-end test of the instrument was performed during a field campaign in the West Desert in Utah, USA at the Telescope Array (TA) site in September 2016. The campaign lasted for 8 nights. In this article we present the results of the preflight laboratory and field tests. Based on the tests performed in the field, it was determined that EUSO-SPB1 has a field of view of 11.1$^{∘}$ and an absolute photo-detection efficiency of 10%. We also measured the light flux necessary to obtain a 50% trigger efficiency using laser beams. These measurements were crucial for us to perform an accurate post flight event rate calculation to validate our cosmic ray search. Laser beams were also used to estimated the reconstruction angular resolution. Finally, we performed a flat field measurement in flight configuration at the launch site prior to the launch providing a uniformity of the focal surface better than 6%.

Published
2021

17. Catching Elves in Argentina

Author

Lawrence Wiencke, Roberto Mussa, and Kevin-Druis Merenda

Subjects
Geography, General Earth and Planetary Sciences
Abstract

The world’s largest cosmic ray detector accidentally spotted elves, an unusual lightning phenomenon high in the atmosphere. Now it’s intentionally looking for more.

Published
2020

18. Performance and science reach of the Probe of Extreme Multimessenger Astrophysics for ultrahigh-energy particles

Author

Francesco Fenu, Angela V. Olinto, Jorge F. Soriano, Mary Hall Reno, John F. Krizmanic, Lawrence Wiencke, M. E. Bertaina, Kenji Shinozaki, Tonia M. Venters, Ralf Ulrich, Douglas Bergman, Michael Unger, Fred Sarazin, Alessandro Liberatore, and Luis A. Anchordoqui

Subjects
Physics, COSMIC cancer database, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Milky Way, media_common.quotation_subject, Dark matter, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, Cosmic string, Sky, Neutrino, Event (particle physics), media_common
Abstract

The Probe Of Extreme Multi-Messenger Astrophysics (POEMMA) is a potential NASA Astrophysics Probe-class mission designed to observe ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) and cosmic neutrinos from space. POEMMA will monitor colossal volumes of the Earth's atmosphere to detect extensive air showers (EASs) produced by extremely energetic cosmic messengers: UHECRs above 20 EeV over the full sky and cosmic neutrinos above 20 PeV. We focus most of this study on the impact of POEMMA for UHECR science by simulating the detector response and mission performance for EAS from UHECRs. We show that POEMMA will provide a significant increase in the statistics of observed UHECRs at the highest energies over the entire sky. POEMMA will be the first UHECR fluorescence detector deployed in space that will provide high-quality stereoscopic observations of the longitudinal development of air showers. Therefore, it will be able to provide event-by-event estimates of the calorimetric energy and nuclear mass of UHECRs. The particle physics in the interactions limits the interpretation of the shower maximum on an event by event basis. In contrast, the calorimetric energy measurement is significantly less sensitive to the different possible final states in the early interactions. We study the prospects to discover the origin and nature of UHECRs using expectations for measurements of the energy spectrum, the distribution of arrival direction, and the atmospheric column depth at which the EAS longitudinal development reaches maximum. We also explore supplementary science capabilities of POEMMA through its sensitivity to particle interactions at extreme energies and its ability to detect ultra-high energy neutrinos and photons produced by top-down models including cosmic strings and super-heavy dark matter particle decay in the halo of the Milky Way.

Published
2020

19. Cherenkov light from Horizontal Air Shower

Author

M. Przybylak, A. Djakonow, Karolina Krolik, Lawrence Wiencke, Jacek Szabelski, and Z. Plebaniak

Subjects
Physics, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Flux, FOS: Physical sciences, Electron, Astrophysics, Atmosphere, Air shower, Atmosphere of Earth, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Energy (signal processing), Cherenkov radiation, Physics::Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics
Abstract

We present results of horizontal EAS simulations focused on the opportunity of measuring Cherenkov light from air showers at stratospheric balloon altitude (eg. EUSO-SPB2). For a 1 m2 UV light detector at a 38 km altitude, the largest horizontal distance to the edge of the Earth atmosphere is about 1000 km which represents a depth of 10000 g/cm2 of atmosphere. The Cherenkov light produced by the EAS electron component would be scattered in atmosphere on its way to the detector, and would not contribute to detected light. The most promising scenario relies on the detection of light emitted within about 300 km from the detector by EAS muons with energies above 100 GeV (required to produce Cherenkov light at high altitudes and for muons to survive over a large distance). Within this scenario we might expect to measure Cherenkov light from proton induced EAS of energy between 1e17 and 1e18 eV, the lower limit being related to the strength of a signal, and upper limit being due to the product of geometrical factor by the CR flux., presented at the 36th ICRC (Madison, WI; 2019)

Published
2019

20. The Extreme Universe Space Observatory on a Super-Pressure Balloon II Mission

Author

Lawrence Wiencke, Jem-Euso, and Poemma Collaborations

Subjects
Physics, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy, Cosmic ray, Balloon, Space observatory, Optical telescope, law.invention, Telescope, law, Tau neutrino, Physics::Space Physics, Cherenkov radiation
Abstract

The Extreme Universe Space Observatory on a Super Pressure Balloon II Mission (EUSO-SPB2) is a precursor for a next generation space observatory for multi-messenger astrophysics. The EUSO-SPB2 instrument will measure PeV and EeV-scale cosmic rays, optical backgrounds that could mimic tau neutrino interactions in the Earth's limb, and search for optical signatures consistent with the upward-going candidate events that the Antarctic Impulse Transient Antenna (ANITA) reported. The payload, now in the design and fabrication stage, features a pair of optical telescopes that have 1 meter diameter apertures. The Fluorescence Telescope will have sensitivity in the UV to target extensive air showers at EeV energies. The Cherenkov Telescope will have UV/VIS sensitivity to target Cherenkov emission from air showers at PeV energies. The planned launch date is 2022. We discuss the science and mission, and the current status.

Published
2019

21. $\nu$SpaceSim: A Comprehensive Neutrino Simulation Package for Space-based & Suborbital Experiments

Author

Y. Akaike, Angela V. Olinto, Mary Hall-Reno, Lawrence Wiencke, Alexander Reustle, S. Mackovjak, Tonia M. Venters, Andres Romero-Wolf, Douglas Bergman, John Krizmanic, Johannes Eser, Sameer Patel, Luis A. Anchordoqui, Fred Sarazin, and Stephanie Wissel

Subjects
COSMIC cancer database, business.industry, Computer science, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, media_common.quotation_subject, Signal, Air shower, Transmission (telecommunications), Sky, Tau neutrino, Aerospace engineering, Neutrino, business, Cherenkov radiation, media_common
Abstract

We describe a new comprehensive, end-to-end simulation package for the modeling of the extensive air shower (EAS) signals from very-high energy (above a PeV) cosmic neutrinos applicable to sub-orbital and space-based observations. The goal is to provide an efficient and practical cosmic neutrino EAS signal generation modeling package to the community that will provide a standard to gauge the neutrino measurement performance of these experiments and aid in their development. The modeling will be performed in such a way to easily be used to provide the neutrino-induced EAS signals delivered to a specific altitude for a given instrumental field-of-view and orientation. In this paper, we discuss the modeling of tau neutrino interactions inside the Earth, propagating the tau-leptons into the atmosphere, modeling the decays, forming composite EASs, generating the air fluorescence, Cherenkov, and radio signals, and the propagation through the atmosphere. Future work on the modeling of atmospheric transmission and scattering effects will include consideration of the uncertainties and more robust modeling of atmospheric and UHECR backgrounds. Additionally, the framework will allow for the calculation of the sky coverage, the pointing requirements for target-of-opportunity follow up observations of transients, and the inclusion of different neutrino interaction cross-sections to allow for the modeling of non-standard physical processes.

Published
2019

22. Development of a Cherenkov Telescope for the Detection of Ultra-High Energy Neutrinos with EUSO-SPB2 and POEMMA

Author

Oscar Romero Matamala, Lawrence Wiencke, John Krizmanic, Jem-Euso, Eleanor Judd, Evgeny Kutzenzov, Eliza Gazda, Patrick J. Reardon, A. Nepomuk Otte, and Poemma Collaborations

Subjects
Physics, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, media_common.quotation_subject, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy, Cosmic ray, Universe, law.invention, Telescope, Silicon photomultiplier, law, Particle shower, Tau neutrino, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Neutrino, Cherenkov radiation, media_common
Abstract

The detection of astrophysical neutrinos by IceCube and the potential to constrain source models of ultra-high energy cosmic rays provide the motivation to develop instruments for the observation of neutrinos above $10^7$ GeV. Among the different techniques to detect ultra-high energy neutrinos is the Earth-skimming technique. It makes use of the fact that the tau produced in a tau neutrino interaction inside the Earth can emerge from the ground and initiate an upward-going particle shower in the atmosphere. The particle shower and thus the neutrino can be reconstructed by measuring the Cherenkov and radio emission from the shower particles. In this presentation, we discuss our ongoing development of a Cherenkov telescope for the detection of tau neutrinos, which is to be deployed on the Extreme Universe Space Observatory Super Pressure Balloon 2 (EUSO-SPB2) and is a precursor experiment for the proposed Probe of Extreme Multi-Messenger Astrophysics (POEMMA) mission. POEMMA aims at the detection of ultrahigh energy cosmic rays and ultrahigh energy neutrinos from low earth orbit. The 1 m$^2$ Cherenkov telescope for EUSO-SPB2 will use silicon photomultipliers coupled to a 100 MS/s readout based on the ASIC for General Electronics for TPC`s (AGET) switch capacitor ring sampler. We present the optics, results from our studies to qualify the readout concept and the design of the mechanical integration of the photon detectors and the readout into the telescope.

Published
2019

23. UV Laser System Test of Mini-EUSO

Author

Viktoria Kungel, Francesca Bisconti, M. E. Bertaina, Lawrence Wiencke, Johannes Eser, and Marco Casolino

Subjects
Physics, Brightness, Photomultiplier, business.industry, Detector, Field of view, Fresnel lens, Laser, law.invention, Air shower, Optics, law, Temporal resolution, business
Abstract

Mini-EUSO (Extreme Universe Space Observatory) is a small-scale prototype cosmic-ray detector that will measure Earth‘s UV emission and other atmospheric phenomena from space. It will be placed in the International Space Station (ISS) behind a UV transparent window looking to the nadir. The launch is planned this year (2019). Consisting of a multi-anode photomultiplier (MAPMT) camera and a 25 cm diameter Fresnel lens system, Mini EUSO has a 44° field of view (FoV), a 6.5 km² spatial resolution on the ground and a 2.5 ms temporal resolution. In principle, Mini-EUSO will be sensitive to extensive air shower (EAS) from cosmic-rays with energies above 1021 eV. A mobile, steerable UV laser system will be used to test the expected energy threshold and performance of Mini-EUSO. The laser system will be driven to remote locations in the Western US and aimed across the field of view of Mini-EUSO when the ISS passes overhead during dark nights. It will emit pulsed 355 nm UV laser light to produce a short speed-of-light track in the detector. The brightness of this track will be similar to the track from an EAS resulting from a cosmic-ray of up to 1021 eV. The laser energy is selectable with a maximum of around 90 mJ per pulse. The energy calibration factor is stable within 5 %. The characteristics of the laser system and Mini-EUSO have been implemented inside the JEM-EUSO OffLine software framework, and laser simulation studies are ongoing to determine the best way to perform a field measurement.

Published
2019

24. Cloud distribution evaluated by the WRF model during the EUSO-SPB1 flight

Author

A. Diaz, A Michel, K. Shinozaki, Silvia Monte, Me Bertaina, M Vrabel, Lawrence Wiencke, Silvia Ferrarese, A. Anzalone, Johannes Eser, M. Manfrin, F. Bisconti, Alessandro Bruno, Francesco Fenu, Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur (OCA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), JEM-EUSO, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
air, QC1-999, tube, Field of view, Cosmic ray, 01 natural sciences, Particle detector, law.invention, detector: fluorescence, Telescope, pressure, Observatory, law, 0103 physical sciences, cloud, cosmic radiation: UHE, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Remote sensing, photomultiplier, showers: atmosphere, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Physics, photon, imaging, Photon counting, optics, observatory, Air shower, space-time, efficiency, Weather Research and Forecasting Model, Environmental science, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract

EUSO-SPB1 was a balloon-borne mission of the JEM-EUSO (Joint Experiment Missions for Extreme Universe Space Observatory) Program aiming at the ultra-high energy cosmic ray (UHECR) observations from space. We operated the EUSO-SPB1 telescope consisting of 1 m2 Fresnel refractive optics and multi-anode photomultiplier tubes. With a total of 2304 channels, each performed the photon counting every 2.5 µs, allowing for spatiotemporal imaging of the air shower events in an ~ 11°× 11° field of view. EUSO-SPB1 was the first balloon-borne fluorescence detector with a potential to detect air shower events initiated by the EeV energy cosmic rays. On 24 April 2017 UTC, EUSO-SPB1 was launched on the NASA’s Super Pressure Balloon that flew at ~16 – 33 km flight height for ~12 days. Before the flight was terminated, ~27 hours of data acquired in the air shower detection mode were transmitted to the ground. In the present work, we aim at evaluating the role of the clouds during the operation of EUSO-SPB1. We employ the WRF (Weather Research and Forecasting) model to numerically simulate the cloud distribution below EUSO-SPB1. We discuss the key results of the WRF model and the impact of the clouds on the air shower measurement and the efficiency of the cosmic ray observation. The present work is a part of the collaborative effort to estimate the exposure for air shower detections.

Published
2019

25. Ultrahigh-Energy Cosmic Ray Composition from the Distribution of Arrival Directions

Author

Lawrence Wiencke, Roberto J. Moncada, Luis A. Anchordoqui, T. Paul, Angela V. Olinto, John Krizmanic, Diego F. Torres, F. Sarazin, Timothy A. D. Paglione, Rita C. dos Anjos, and Jorge F. Soriano

Subjects
Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, media_common.quotation_subject, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Hadron, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, Interaction model, Observable, Astrophysics, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Magnetic field, 13. Climate action, Position (vector), Sky, 0103 physical sciences, Anisotropy, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, media_common
Abstract

The sources of ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) have been difficult to catch. It was recently pointed out that while sources of UHECR protons exhibit anisotropy patterns that become denser and compressed with rising energy, nucleus-emitting-sources give rise to a cepa stratis (onion-like) structure with layers that become more distant from the source position with rising energy. The peculiar shape of the hot spots from nucleus-accelerators is steered by the competition between energy loss during propagation and deflection on the Galactic magnetic field (GMF). Here, we run a full-blown simulation study to accurately characterize the deflections of UHECR nuclei in the GMF. We show that while the cepa stratis structure provides a global description of anisotropy patterns produced by UHECR nuclei en route to Earth, the hot spots are elongated depending on their location in the sky due to the regular structure of the GMF. We demonstrate that with a high-statistics sample at the high-energy-end of the spectrum, like the one to be collected by NASA's POEMMA mission, the energy dependence of the hot-spot contours could become a useful observable to identify the nuclear composition of UHECRs. This new method to determine the nature of the particle species is complementary to those using observables of extensive air showers, and therefore is unaffected by the large systematic uncertainties of hadronic interaction models., Matching version published in PRD

Published
2018

26. EUSO-SPB1 Mission and Science

Author

Angela V. Olinto and Lawrence Wiencke

Subjects
High energy, Meteorology, Primary (astronomy), Environmental science, Cosmic ray, Pacific ocean, Space observatory, Near space
Abstract

The Extreme Universe Space Observatory on a Super Pressure Balloon (EUSO-SPB1) was launched April 24th 23:51 UTC 2017 from Wanaka, New Zealand as a mission of opportunity on a NASA super pressure balloon test flight planned to circle the southern hemisphere. The primary scientific goal was to make the first observations of high energy cosmic ray extensive air showers by looking down on the atmosphere with a UV fluorescence detector from the near space altitude of 33~km. After 12~days 4~hours aloft, the flight was terminated prematurely in the Pacific Ocean about 300~km SE of Easter Island. This overview presentation of the EUSO-SPB1 program will review the science of the mission, the instrument, the flight, and first looks at data. Preparations for a EUSO-SPB2 mission are underway.

Published
2017

27. POEMMA: Probe Of Extreme Multi-Messenger Astrophysics

Author

Lawrence Wiencke, L. M. Martinez-Sierra, Mauricio Bustamante, Kumiko Kotera, Floyd W. Stecker, P. Bertone, Tonia M. Venters, S. Mackovjak, M. Mastafa, Douglas Bergman, Patrick J. Reardon, Claire Guépin, S. Csorna, E. Kuznetsov, F. Sarazin, R. E. Streitmatter, Mary Hall Reno, John Krizmanic, Kenji Shinozaki, A. N. Otte, Johannes Eser, Insoo Jun, Roberto Aloisio, A. Neronov, M. E. Bertaina, Etienne Parizot, John N. Matthews, Luis A. Anchordoqui, T. Paul, Angela V. Olinto, Eleanor Judd, J. McEnery, G. Prévôt, Jeremy S. Perkins, M. J. Christl, John Mitchell, Elizabeth Hays, Roy Young, Stanley D. Hunter, Francesco Fenu, James H. Adams, Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (IAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)

Subjects
Field (physics), accelerator, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Flux, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, neutrino: flux, 0103 physical sciences, cosmic radiation: UHE, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], 010306 general physics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Astroparticle physics, Physics, astro-ph.HE, Range (particle radiation), neutrino/tau, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, particle: energy, Particle interaction, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, charged particle, Charged particle, particle: interaction, messenger, 13. Climate action, statistics, Neutrino, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, astro-ph.IM
Abstract

The Probe Of Extreme Multi-Messenger Astrophysics (POEMMA) mission is being designed to establish charged-particle astronomy with ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) and to observe cosmogenic tau neutrinos (CTNs). The study of UHECRs and CTNs from space will yield orders-of-magnitude increase in statistics of observed UHECRs at the highest energies, and the observation of the cosmogenic flux of neutrinos for a range of UHECR models. These observations should solve the long-standing puzzle of the origin of the highest energy particles ever observed, providing a new window onto the most energetic environments and events in the Universe, while studying particle interactions well beyond accelerator energies. The discovery of CTNs will help solve the puzzle of the origin of UHECRs and begin a new field of Astroparticle Physics with the study of neutrino properties at ultra-high energies., 8 pages, in the Proceedings of the 35th International Cosmic Ray Conference, ICRC217, Busan, Korea

Published
2017

28. Calibrating and Testing EUSO-SPB in Flight using a Laser and LEDs on an Aircraft

Author

Johannes Eser, Mark Christl, Lawrence Wiencke, malek mastafa, and James H. Adams

Subjects
business.product_category, business.industry, Navigation system, Tracking system, Field of view, Cosmic ray, Tracking (particle physics), Laser, law.invention, Airplane, law, Calibration, Environmental science, business, Remote sensing
Abstract

The EUSO-SPB (EUSO super pressure balloon) experiment is designed to make observations of fluorescence light from Extreme Energy Cosmic Ray (EECR) Extensive Air Showers (EASs) by looking down on the atmosphere from above. The flight lasted for 13 days with a total of more than 30 hours of observations on dark nights. The balloon was launched on April 24, 2017, from Wanaka New Zealand. A navigation system consists of MATLAB GUI software together with tracker beacon and Ham radio was designed to track the location of tracking the instrument's field of view. This navigation system was tested prior to the flight in Huntsville, Al. An airplane carrying calibrated UV light emitting diodes (LEDs) and a UV laser was planned to fly under the balloon on a moonless night when it is at its float altitude. This under flight was to calibrate EUSO-SPB using these light sources to produce EECR-like signals. The laser pulses were to calibrate the trigger efficiency and track reconstruction accuracy of the experiment. The flashers will to determine the sensitivity of EUSO-SPB to fluorescent light near the maxima of EASs. Unfortunately, the balloon flight had to be terminated before there was an opportunity for the under flight. This paper describes preparations for the under flight including the design of tracking system and the calibration light sources that were to be carried on the airplane.

Published
2017

29. Preflight calibration and testing of EUSO-SPB in the lab and the desert

Author

Lawrence Wiencke, S. Bacholle, Austin Cummings, Lech Wiktor Piotrowski, E. Kuznetsov, W. Painter, Malek Mustafa, Johannes Eser, Abraham Díaz Damian, and James H. Adams

Subjects
Physics, Pixel, business.industry, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Cosmic ray, Laser, law.invention, Telescope, Optics, Pathfinder, law, Calibration, Focal surface, business
Abstract

The Extreme Universe Space Observatory on a super pressure balloon (EUSO-SPB) instrument is a pathfinder for space based cosmic ray fluorescence detectors. It is in preparation to be launched from Wanaka, New Zealand by NASA with a target launch date of 25th of March 2017. The optical system of the instrument consists of 2 Fresnel lenses. The focal surface is a camera with 2304 pixel and a time resolution of 2.5 $\mu$s build up with a modular design. The lenses and the camera where separately characterized in the laboratory. Before using the instrument for a full scale test in the field, a flat fielding was performed in the lab as well. The field tests were performed in the west Utah desert at the Telescope Array (TA) site in September 2016. The test included star observation and background measurements. An absolute calibration with an 365 nm UV-LED and with a laser "test beam" system. Laser tracks were measured at a distance of 24 km in various geometries to obtain a full characterization of the detector capability to measure cosmic rays. We will describe briefly the test system and the performed test and present the results of the laboratory and field tests of EUSO-SPB.

Published
2017

30. Calibration for extensive air showers observed during the JEM-EUSO mission

Author

Lawrence Wiencke, Fred Sarazin, Mark Christl, S.E. Csorna, and James H. Adams

Subjects
Physics, Atmospheric Science, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, media_common.quotation_subject, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Aerospace Engineering, Astronomy, Flux, chemistry.chemical_element, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Cosmic ray, Universe, Atmosphere, Flash (photography), Geophysics, Xenon, Low earth orbit, chemistry, Space and Planetary Science, Physics::Space Physics, Calibration, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, media_common
Abstract

The Extreme Universe Space Observatory is a mission to investigate the highest energy cosmic rays by recording the extensive air showers they create in the Earth’s atmosphere. This will be done by observing these showers from low Earth orbit. These observations will be used to measure the flux, energies and arrival directions of these cosmic rays. This paper describes how the accuracy of these measurements will be tested and improved during the mission using the Global Light System (consisting of calibrated xenon flash lamps and lasers) located deep in the Earth’s atmosphere.

Published
2014

31. Implementation of the first level trigger for ultra-high-energy cosmic ray (UHECR) detection from space with JEM-EUSO: Initial test results

Author

H. Miyamoto, G. Contino, O. Larsson, G. Osteria, Francesco Fenu, M. Rezazadeh, P. Hunt, R. Gregg, J. Bayer, S. Dagoret-Campagne, S. Blin-Bondil, P. Gorodetzky, M. Manfrin, Lawrence Wiencke, Yoshiya Kawasaki, Austin Cummings, Marco Mignone, M. E. Bertaina, R. Forza, Marco Casolino, Claudio Fornaro, G. Cotto, J. Rabanal, S. Bacholle, G. Suino, F. Perfetto, A. Jung, Pierre Barrillon, Lech Wiktor Piotrowski, E. Parizot, Guillaume Prévôt, S. Cambursano, H. Krantz, Johannes Eser, AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Organisation de Micro-Électronique Générale Avancée (OMEGA), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), JEM-EUSO, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), and École polytechnique (X)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)

Subjects
data acquisition, central data acquisition system, readout electronics, Aerospace electronics, photomultipliers, JEM-EUSO Collaboration, cosmic radiation: interaction, Space (mathematics), 01 natural sciences, nuclear electronics, Data acquisition, Ultra-high-energy cosmic ray, cosmic ray apparatus, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, FPGA, field programmable gate arrays, Physics, photomultiplier, cosmic ray showers, UHECR, Detector, MAPMT, statistics, photodetectors, position sensitive, Cosmic ray, high-energy cosmic ray interactions, cosmic ray generated air-showers, first-level trigger, ultrahigh-energy cosmic ray detection, 0103 physical sciences, Electronics, cosmic radiation: UHE, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Aerospace engineering, Cosmic rays, Simulation, showers: atmosphere, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, nucleus, trigger, position sensitive particle detectors, Collaboration, photodetection module board, electronics: readout, Level trigger, photon: detector, business, high altitude balloons, Telescopes
Abstract

International audience; The JEM-EUSO Collaboration aims to study Ultra-High-Energy Cosmic Ray (UHECR) using a novel approach of looking down from space and using the atmosphere as a large detector to achieve a large effective area and therefore high-statistics on these events for the first time. For this purpose we have been developing a series of pathfinders operating from the ground, high altitude balloons and space, all sharing the same electronics, in particular the central data acquisition system. We report on the implementation and successful testing of the first-level trigger (L1) within the FPGA of the photo-detection module (PDM) board, which processes the signals from 36 64-pixel MAPMTs with a time unit of 2.5 μs to detect the passage of light from cosmic ray generated air-showers.

Published
2016

32. Evidence for a mixed mass composition at the 'ankle' in the cosmic-ray spectrum

Author

S. Stanič, Denis Stanca, J. A.J. Matthews, Xavier Bertou, M. L. Díaz Castro, C. Porowski, Jakub Vicha, Francesca Zuccarello, Pedro Assis, R. Sato, Jose Chinellato, I. Jandt, Hermann-Josef Mathes, M. Ziolkowski, Denise Boncioli, Markus Risse, Muller, F. Canfora, J. Blazek, A. Tonachini, Antonio Bueno, M. Josebachuili, J.D. Sanabria Gomez, Eric Mayotte, A. C. Rovero, J. Biteau, P.F. Gómez Vitale, G. A. Anastasi, Kai Daumiller, Alberto Filevich, Peter Hansen, John Matthews, Christian Sarmiento-Cano, Gualberto Avila, W. Rodrigues de Carvalho, Marco Torri, Nicolás González, M. Gómez Berisso, R. C. Shellard, Leigui de Oliveira, Paul M. Mantsch, Diego Ravignani, J. R. Vázquez, P. Sanchez-Lucas, S. Vorobiov, Ingomar Allekotte, F. Sánchez, J. W. Cronin, Lorenzo Cazon, Peter Buchholz, R. Piegaia, I. Al Samarai, Ivo Nicolas Naranjo, Antonio Insolia, A. Aab, L. Caramete, Alina Mihaela Badescu, P. Heimann, Anderson Fauth, M. Zavrtanik, G. Marsella, R. Ramos-Pollant, Valerio Pirronello, G. Torralba Elipe, O. Ravel, P. van Bodegom, Angela V. Olinto, C. Di Giulio, S. Navas, I.M. Brancus, H. Glass, Marco Aglietta, Johannes Schumacher, Joshua A. Gordon, Bruno Daniel, Corinne Berat, R. Krause, Gaia Silli, A. Filipčič, Foteini Oikonomou, G. S. Varner, Alessio Gorgi, Fred Sarazin, H. Gemmeke, Lukas Nellen, M. I. Micheletti, L. A. S. Pereira, Maria Giller, J. J. Masías Meza, C. J. Todero Peixoto, A.E. Herve, Octavian Sima, Nataliia Borodai, D. Mockler, Manuel Platino, E.M. Holt, B. Wundheiler, A. Fuster, Q. Hasankiadeh, A. Saleh, Jeffrey Brack, J. F. Valdés Galicia, Olaf Scholten, Ioana Codrina Maris, I. De Mitri, Dieter Heck, Martin Urban, Hans Klages, H. Nožka, A. Chiavassa, Maria-Teresa Dova, M. R. Hampel, O. A. Taborda, Carlos Hojvat, Miroslav Palatka, A. Menshikov, Diego Harari, B. Gookin, S. Müller, Carola Dobrigkeit, M. Schauer, Humberto Ibarguen Salazar, Ricardo Vázquez, Antoine Letessier-Selvon, Ernesto Kemp, R. Legumina, P. H. Nguyen, Lawrence Wiencke, B. Sarkar, Sarka Wykes, C. Morello, E. M. Santos, G. Kukec Mezek, L. Molina-Bueno, M. Plum, Z. Zong, David Walz, Harald Schieler, O. Kambeitz, Jeffrey A. Johnsen, Sven Querchfeld, L. Perrone, Marco Giammarchi, Bruce R. Dawson, S. Quinn, Christian Glaser, J. Espadanal, Octavian Fratu, M. E. Bertaina, Alan Watson, Mihai Niculescu-Oglinzanu, Jonny Kleinfeller, Sergio Sciutto, L. Ochilo, M. Mallamaci, Alberto Segreto, Nicusor Arsene, D. Rogozin, J. de Oliveira, R.R. Prado, Alejandro Almela, P. Billoir, Tim Huege, Ana Martina Botti, Belén Andrada, J. Alvarez Castillo, G. C. Hill, R.C. dos Anjos, Lukas Middendorf, D. Pakk Selmi-Dei, F. Diogo, G. De Mauro, Henryk Wilczyński, Ralph Engel, J. J. Beatty, Norbert Kunka, D. Nitz, Günter Sigl, Silvia Mollerach, A. Śmiałkowski, Jörg R. Hörandel, Sutherland, Julian Rautenberg, Peter L. Biermann, F. Montanet, L. Niemietz, R. M. de Almeida, L. Tomankova, Christine Peters, Radomir Smida, Alberto Etchegoyen, John L. Harton, Peter Gorham, T. Paul, Paolo Privitera, Federico Suarez, A. Schulz, D. Reinert, A. López Casado, G. Matthiae, Andreas Weindl, D. Garcia-Pinto, Paul Sommers, Petr Schovanek, A. Di Matteo, Charles Timmermans, Luis A. Nunez, A. Blanco, P. Gouffon, N. Krohm, D. Torres Machado, L. Collica, P. Abreu, Brian Fick, Zbigniew Szadkowski, Alberto Daniel Supanitsky, D. Melo, Julien Aublin, A. Shadkam, M. J. Cooper, Miguel Mostafá, Mário Pimenta, Gregory R Snow, Pablo Ristori, Miroslav Pech, P. H. Kasper, Carlos Medina, M. Settimo, R. Ulrich, Rodrigo Pelayo, Stijn Buitink, E. Varela, D. Yelos, Andrej Dundovic, Marcus Niechciol, D. Martello, Luis A. Anchordoqui, Pavel Horvath, Danilo Zavrtanik, Lorenzo Caccianiga, V. M. Theodoro, Paula Gina Isar, F. Salesa Greus, G. Cataldi, Florian Gaté, Michael Unger, S. Jansen, Gero Müller, P. W. Younk, Sofia Andringa, Eun-Joo Ahn, P. Lautridou, C. Scarso, Elton J. G. Santos, Jiri Chudoba, Markus Roth, G. van Aar, Dusan Mandat, Q. Luce, V. de Souza, Alex Kääpä, Maria Rita Coluccia, A. van Vliet, Tanguy Pierog, R. Cester, Gustavo Medina-Tanco, Miroslav Hrabovský, L. del Peral, Jaroslaw Stasielak, Andreas Haungs, Matthias Kleifges, V. Verzi, Philipp Papenbreer, Colin Baus, Glennys R. Farrar, David Schmidt, J. Sorokin, K. H. Becker, H. Martinez, A. G. Mariazzi, A. Kuotb Awad, S. G. Blaess, C. Aramo, Sergio Dasso, Tristan Sudholz, Fausto Guarino, Juan Pallotta, R. López, B. Tome, C. Bleve, Alexandru Balaceanu, Petr Travnicek, Rodríguez-Frías, V. Scherini, Arnulfo Zepeda, Eduardo Quel, David Wittkowski, Laura Valore, Martín Miguel Freire, Thomas Harrison, Benoît Revenu, Germano Guedes, Danielle LaHurd, Olivier Deligny, P. Pieroni, Alan Coleman, T. Hebbeker, Vincenzo Rizi, Trent D. Grubb, G. Rodriguez Fernandez, Benedikt Zimmermann, Rúben Conceição, Toshihiro Fujii, M. Ambrosio, L. Lopes, J. Debatin, O. Martínez Bravo, Dariusz Glas, Juan Manuel Figueira, F. Arqueros, Alexandra Saftoiu, Tim Niggemann, Roberta Colalillo, J. Hulsman, B. Mitrica, Hernán Asorey, Francesco Strafella, Martina Bohacova, Patrick Allison, Heino Falcke, Jaime Alvarez-Muñiz, Alexandru Gherghel-Lascu, I. Lhenry-Yvon, A. Lucero, Juan Carlos D'Olivo, O. Wainberg, A. Valbuena-Delgado, Esteban Roulet, T. Suomijärvi, Karl-Heinz Kampert, Antonella Castellina, Piera Luisa Ghia, V. Novotny, Rossella Caruso, S. Mathys, M. Erfani, John Swain, Thomas Bretz, Ruben Squartini, I. A. Minaya, Corbin Covault, Peter Mazur, J. Pȩkala, Geraldina Golup, Alexander Grillo, S. J. De Jong, Katrin Link, Lino Miramonti, Ugo Giaccari, A. Tepe, J. R. T. de Mello Neto, M. Prouza, J. Rodriguez Rojo, Bianca Keilhauer, A. G. Chavez, F.G. Schröder, Enrique Zas, Fernando Contreras, Jesús Peña-Rodríguez, A. Dorofeev, L. Villaseñor, A. Bridgeman, S. J. Saffi, Markus Lauscher, F. Pedreira, J. Phuntsok, Raul Sarmento, M. Suarez Durán, H. Wahlberg, A. Parra, G. Parente, M. Trini, Johannes Schulz, Florian Lukas Briechle, A. Cancio, B. Caccianiga, Alexey Yushkov, Max Malacari, Lili Yang, Luca Latronico, Piotr Homola, Alex Tapia, Tobias Winchen, P. Lebrun, Karen S. Caballero-Mora, Martin Erdmann, Carla Bonifazi, Beatriz García, Roger W Clay, Stefano D'Amico, Jose A. Bellido, Daniel Kuempel, S. Sonntag, Carlos Escobar, Jaime Rosado, R.M. Kieckhafer, B. Vargas Cárdenas, I. Valiño, J. Neuser, Ivone F. M. Albuquerque, Ke Fang, I. Katkov, Richard Dallier, Gaetano Salina, A.M. van den Berg, Darko Veberič, Jan Ridky, Marc Weber, M. Buscemi, D. Nosek, Jan Ebr, Sergio Petrera, S. Messina, S. Coutu, Norberto Fazzini, Aab, A., Abreu, P., Aglietta, M., Ahn, E. J., Al Samarai, I., Albuquerque, I. F. M., Allekotte, I., Allison, P., Almela, A., Alvarez Castillo, J., Alvarez Muñiz, J., Ambrosio, M., Anastasi, G. A., Anchordoqui, L., Andrada, B., Andringa, S., Aramo, C., Arqueros, F., Arsene, N., Asorey, H., Assis, P., Aublin, J., Avila, G., Badescu, A. M., Balaceanu, A., Baus, C., Beatty, J. J., Becker, K. H., Bellido, J. A., Berat, C., Bertaina, M. E., Bertou, X., Biermann, P. L., Billoir, P., Biteau, J., Blaess, S. G., Blanco, A., Blazek, J., Bleve, Carla, Boháčová, M., Boncioli, D., Bonifazi, C., Borodai, N., Botti, A. M., Brack, J., Brancus, I., Bretz, T., Bridgeman, A., Briechle, F. L., Buchholz, P., Bueno, A., Buitink, S., Buscemi, M., Caballero Mora, K. S., Caccianiga, B., Caccianiga, L., Cancio, A., Canfora, F., Caramete, L., Caruso, R., Castellina, A., Cataldi, G., Cazon, L., Cester, R., Chavez, A. G., Chiavassa, A., Chinellato, J. A., Chudoba, J., Clay, R. W., Colalillo, R., Coleman, A., Collica, L., Coluccia, MARIA RITA, Conceição, R., Contreras, F., Cooper, M. J., Coutu, S., Covault, C. E., Cronin, J., Dallier, R., D'Amico, Stefano, Daniel, B., Dasso, S., Daumiller, K., Dawson, B. R., de Almeida, R. M., de Jong, S. J., De Mauro, G., de Mello Neto, J. R. T., DE MITRI, Ivan, de Oliveira, J., de Souza, V., Debatin, J., del Peral, L., Deligny, O., Di Giulio, C., Di Matteo, A., Díaz Castro, M. L., Diogo, F., Dobrigkeit, C., D'Olivo, J. C., Dorofeev, A., dos Anjos, R. C., Dova, M. T., Dundovic, A., Ebr, J., Engel, R., Erdmann, M., Erfani, M., Escobar, C. O., Espadanal, J., Etchegoyen, A., Falcke, H., Fang, K., Farrar, G., Fauth, A. C., Fazzini, N., Fick, B., Figueira, J. M., Filevich, A., Filipčič, A., Fratu, O., Freire, M. M., Fujii, T., Fuster, A., García, B., Garcia Pinto, D., Gaté, F., Gemmeke, H., Gherghel Lascu, A., Ghia, P. L., Giaccari, U., Giammarchi, M., Giller, M., Głas, D., Glaser, C., Glass, H., Golup, G., Gómez Berisso, M., Gómez Vitale, P. F., González, N., Gookin, B., Gordon, J., Gorgi, A., Gorham, P., Gouffon, P., Grillo, A. F., Grubb, T. D., Guarino, F., Guedes, G. P., Hampel, M. R., Hansen, P., Harari, D., Harrison, T. A., Harton, J. L., Hasankiadeh, Q., Haungs, A., Hebbeker, T., Heck, D., Heimann, P., Herve, A. E., Hill, G. C., Hojvat, C., Holt, E., Homola, P., Hörandel, J. R., Horvath, P., Hrabovský, M., Huege, T., Hulsman, J., Insolia, A., Isar, P. G., Jandt, I., Jansen, S., Johnsen, J. A., Josebachuili, M., Kääpä, A., Kambeitz, O., Kampert, K. H., Kasper, P., Katkov, I., Keilhauer, B., Kemp, E., Kieckhafer, R. M., Klages, H. O., Kleifges, M., Kleinfeller, J., Krause, R., Krohm, N., Kuempel, D., Kukec Mezek, G., Kunka, N., Kuotb Awad, A., Lahurd, D., Latronico, L., Lauscher, M., Lautridou, P., Lebrun, P., Legumina, R., Leigui de Oliveira, M. A., Letessier Selvon, A., Lhenry Yvon, I., Link, K., Lopes, L., López, R., López Casado, A., Luce, Q., Lucero, A., Malacari, M., Mallamaci, M., Mandat, D., Mantsch, P., Mariazzi, A. G., Mariş, I. C., Marsella, Giovanni, Martello, Daniele, Martinez, H., Martínez Bravo, O., Masías Meza, J. J., Mathes, H. J., Mathys, S., Matthews, J., Matthews, J. A. J., Matthiae, G., Mayotte, E., Mazur, P. O., Medina, C., Medina Tanco, G., Melo, D., Menshikov, A., Messina, S., Micheletti, M. I., Middendorf, L., Minaya, I. A., Miramonti, L., Mitrica, B., Mockler, D., Molina Bueno, L., Mollerach, S., Montanet, F., Morello, C., Mostafá, M., Müller, G., Muller, M. A., Müller, S., Naranjo, I., Navas, S., Nellen, L., Neuser, J., Nguyen, P. H., Niculescu Oglinzanu, M., Niechciol, M., Niemietz, L., Niggemann, T., Nitz, D., Nosek, D., Novotny, V., Nožka, H., Núñez, L. A., Ochilo, L., Oikonomou, F., Olinto, A., Pakk Selmi Dei, D., Palatka, M., Pallotta, J., Papenbreer, P., Parente, G., Parra, A., Paul, T., Pech, M., Pedreira, F., Pękala, J., Pelayo, R., Peña Rodriguez, J., Pereira, L. A. S., Perrone, Lorenzo, Peters, C., Petrera, S., Phuntsok, J., Piegaia, R., Pierog, T., Pieroni, P., Pimenta, M., Pirronello, V., Platino, M., Plum, M., Porowski, C., Prado, R. R., Privitera, P., Prouza, M., Quel, E. J., Querchfeld, S., Quinn, S., Ramos Pollant, R., Rautenberg, J., Ravel, O., Ravignani, D., Reinert, D., Revenu, B., Ridky, J., Risse, M., Ristori, P., Rizi, V., Rodrigues de Carvalho, W., Rodriguez Fernandez, G., Rodriguez Rojo, J., Rodríguez Frías, M. D., Rogozin, D., Rosado, J., Roth, M., Roulet, E., Rovero, A. C., Saffi, S. J., Saftoiu, A., Salazar, H., Saleh, A., Salesa Greus, F., Salina, G., Sanabria Gomez, J. D., Sánchez, F., Sanchez Lucas, P., Santos, E. M., Santos, E., Sarazin, F., Sarkar, B., Sarmento, R., Sarmiento Cano, C., Sato, R., Scarso, C., Schauer, M., Scherini, Viviana, Schieler, H., Schmidt, D., Scholten, O., Schovánek, P., Schröder, F. G., Schulz, A., Schulz, J., Schumacher, J., Sciutto, S. J., Segreto, A., Settimo, Mariangela, Shadkam, A., Shellard, R. C., Sigl, G., Silli, G., Sima, O., Śmiałkowski, A., Šmída, R., Snow, G. R., Sommers, P., Sonntag, S., Sorokin, J., Squartini, R., Stanca, D., Stanič, S., Stasielak, J., Strafella, Francesco, Suarez, F., Suarez Durán, M., Sudholz, T., Suomijärvi, T., Supanitsky, A. D., Sutherland, M. S., Swain, J., Szadkowski, Z., Taborda, O. A., Tapia, A., Tepe, A., Theodoro, V. M., Timmermans, C., Todero Peixoto, C. J., Tomankova, L., Tomé, B., Tonachini, A., Torralba Elipe, G., Torres Machado, D., Torri, M., Travnicek, P., Trini, M., Ulrich, R., Unger, M., Urban, M., Valbuena Delgado, A., Valdés Galicia, J. F., Valiño, I., Valore, L., van Aar, G., van Bodegom, P., van den Berg, A. M., van Vliet, A., Varela, E., Vargas Cárdenas, B., Varner, G., Vázquez, J. R., Vázquez, R. A., Veberič, D., Verzi, V., Vicha, J., Villaseñor, L., Vorobiov, S., Wahlberg, H., Wainberg, O., Walz, D., Watson, A. A., Weber, M., Weindl, A., Wiencke, L., Wilczyński, H., Winchen, T., Wittkowski, D., Wundheiler, B., Wykes, S., Yang, L., Yelos, D., Younk, P., Yushkov, A., Zas, E., Zavrtanik, D., Zavrtanik, M., Zepeda, A., Zimmermann, B., Ziolkowski, M., Zong, Z., Zuccarello, F., Bleve, C., Colalillo, Roberta, Coluccia, M. R., D'Amico, S., De Mitri, I., Guarino, Fausto, Marsella, G., Martello, D., Pȩkala, J., Perrone, L., Scherini, V., Settimo, M., Strafella, F., Valore, Laura, Physics, Astronomy and Astrophysics Research Group, Elementary Particle Physics, Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), and Pierre Auger Collaboration

Subjects
[PHYS.ASTR.HE]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Proton, Pierre Auger Observatory, Cosmic Rays, Mass Composition, Astronomy, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Flux, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, Ankle, Cosmic rays, Mass composition, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Auger, Observatory, 0103 physical sciences, ddc:530, High Energy Physics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, GeneralLiterature_REFERENCE(e.g.,dictionaries,encyclopedias,glossaries), Cherenkov radiation, Ciencias Exactas, Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Range (particle radiation), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, OBSERVATÓRIOS, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Física, lcsh:QC1-999, Physique atomique et nucléaire, Experimental High Energy Physics, Física nuclear, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, lcsh:Physics
Abstract

We report a first measurement for ultrahigh energy cosmic rays of the correlation between the depth of shower maximum and the signal in the water Cherenkov stations of air-showers registered simultaneously by the fluorescence and the surface detectors of the Pierre Auger Observatory. Such a correlation measurement is a unique feature of a hybrid air-shower observatory with sensitivity to both the electromagnetic and muonic components. It allows an accurate determination of the spread of primary masses in the cosmic-ray flux. Up till now, constraints on the spread of primary masses have been dominated by systematic uncertainties. The present correlation measurement is not affected by systematics in the measurement of the depth of shower maximum or the signal in the water Cherenkov stations. The analysis relies on general characteristics of air showers and is thus robust also with respect to uncertainties in hadronic event generators. The observed correlation in the energy range around the ‘ankle’ at lg⁡(E/eV)=18.5–19.0 differs significantly from expectations for pure primary cosmic-ray compositions. A light composition made up of proton and helium only is equally inconsistent with observations. The data are explained well by a mixed composition including nuclei with mass A>4. Scenarios such as the proton dip model, with almost pure compositions, are thus disfavored as the sole explanation of the ultrahigh-energy cosmic-ray flux at Earth., 0, SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Published
2016

33. JEM-EUSO observational capabilities for different UHE primaries

Author

Francesco Fenu, Jörg Bayer, Lawrence Wiencke, Angela V. Olinto, Andrea Santangelo, G. Medina-Tanco, T. Mernik, Kenji Shinozaki, Elias Iwotschkin, and A. Guzmán

Subjects
Physics, Spacecraft, business.industry, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Physics::Space Physics, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Gamma ray, Flux, Astronomy, Ultra wide field, Cosmic ray, Ultra-high-energy cosmic ray, business
Abstract

for the JEM-EUSO Collaboration Cosmic rays with energies exceeding 1018 eV, usually defined as Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECRs), allow the possibility to study physics at energies well beyond man made accelerators. State of the art UHECR detectors have reached unprecedented exposures and have pioneered the field of Extreme Energy Cosmic Rays (EECR), cosmic rays with energies exceeding 5×1019eV. The EECR flux is extremely small, of the order of 1 particle per square kilometer per century. The next generation of UHECR and EECR detectors are expected to increase the exposure by at least one order of magnitude. The JEM-EUSO mission, currently designed to be hosted onboard the JEM module of the ISS, consists of a ultra wide field of view UV-telescope orbiting the earth at an altitude of about 400 km. JEM-EUSO will look for fluorescent UV tracks produced by Extensive Air Showers (EAS) on the night side of the earth. According to the most recent studies, the JEMEUSO mission, can be transported onto the ISS by using the SpaceX’s Dragon spacecraft. In this work we present preliminary studies on the angular and energy reconstruction performances for different types of primaries (protons, iron nuclei and gamma rays). We compare our results with previously published results for the JEM-EUSO mission in a different configuration, and find a slight improvement.

Published
2016

34. EUSO-Balloon mission to record extensive air showers from near space

Author

Lawrence Wiencke

Subjects
High energy, COSMIC cancer database, Range (aeronautics), Environmental science, Cosmic ray, Balloon, Atmospheric sciences, Short duration, Near space, Remote sensing
Abstract

The first EUSO-Balloon stratospheric flight recorded artificial tracks and pulses that were generated using a laser and optical flashers flown in helicopter under the balloon. The time at float altitude was 5 hours. The balloon was launched from Timmins, Ontario by the French Space Agency, CNES and the helicopter underflight was supported by NASA. To make the first measurements of high energy cosmic ray extensive air showers from near space, preparations are underway for a super pressure balloon flight of several weeks duration. The proposed launch site is Wanaka, New Zealand. We describe the parameters of this mission, the updated instrument, and the expected rates of extensive air showers events produced by cosmic primaries in the energy range of 5x1017 eV to 2x1019 eV. A precursor short duration flight from Aire sur l’Adour, France is also envisioned to test improvements to the instrument.

Published
2016

36. THE ARCADE PROJECT

Author

Marco Iarlori, Marco Marengo, Vincenzo Rizi, Giovanni Dughera, Lawrence Wiencke, Laura Valore, A. Tonachini, Michael Coco, Fausto Guarino, Austin Cummings, M. Buscemi, Marco Cilmo, Crook Corbett, Johannes Eser, Valore L., Buscemi M., Cilmo M., Coco M., Crook C., Cummings A.L., Dughera G., Eser J., Guarino F., Iarlori M., Marengo M., Rizi V., Tonachini A.S., and Wiencke L.

Subjects
Settore FIS/01 - Fisica Sperimentale, Sociology, lidar
Abstract

The Atmospheric Research for Climate and Astroparticle Detection (ARCADE) project aims to a better comprehension of the limits of applicability, systematics and possible enhancements of the typical techniques used for the measurement of the aerosol attenuation profiles of UV light in cosmic rays and gamma rays experiments. Aerosols are indeed the most variable component in the atmosphere on a short time scale, and experiments based on the detection of the UV light in atmosphere need a continuous monitoring of the aerosol stratification to obtain a reliable evaluation of the properties of the primary particles. The ARCADE project is measuring the aerosol attenuation of UV light due to aerosols with multiple techniques and instruments simultaneously on the same air mass. For this purpose, a Raman + elastic Lidar with a laser source at 355 nm has been built and is currently taking data in Lamar, Colorado together with the Atmospheric Monitoring Telescope (AMT) to detect UV light at a distance of 40 km from the Lidar laser source. The system has been installed on site in 2014 and data were taken every month during moonless nights for one year. A full simulation of the AMT system has been developed. The setup and simulation of the system, together with the AMT calibration system and first collected data are shown.

Published
2016

37. The JEM-EUSO global light system laser station prototype

Author

Randy Bachman, Lawrence Wiencke, A. Osieczanek, Patrick G. Hunt, A. Cain, Mike Manz, I. E. Smith, W. Finch, Austin Cummings, C. Baron, J. Gossman, M. Burg, D. Hirsch, J. Fruit, R. Hanley, T. Gallmeyer, D. Bruzgo, Johannes Eser, C. Geier, Anna Evans, T. Wills, and C. Bigler

Subjects
Physics, Optics, business.industry, law, Light system, business, Laser, law.invention
Published
2016

38. The Angular Resolution of the JEM-EUSO Mission: an updated view

Author

Kenji Shinozaki, M. E. Bertaina, T. Mernik, Angela V. Olinto, Andrea Santangelo, Lawrence Wiencke, Francesco Fenu, Elias Iwotschkin, G. Medina-Tanco, F. Sarazin, W. Painter, Jörg Bayer, and A. Guzmán

Subjects
Physics, Astronomy, Angular resolution
Published
2016

39. Cloud Optical Depth obtained from the Infrared Camera data and the UV Flashers mounted on a helicopter flying under the EUSO

Author

Sebastián Franchini, Antonio M. Merino, Elena Roibás, malek mastafa, Lawrence Wiencke, Marcos Reyes, Maria Rodriguez Frias, E. Joven, James H. Adams, Javier Licandro, Luis del Peral, Yolanda Martín, L. Lopez, José Luis Sánchez, Jorge F. Soriano, G. Sáez Cano, and Angel Pedro Sanz

Subjects
Physics, Optics, business.industry, Infrared, business, Cloud optical depth, Remote sensing
Published
2016

40. The Atmospheric Science of JEM-EUSO

Author

Maria Rodriguez Frias, Pavel Klimov, Javier Licandro, Pavol Bobik, Lawrence Wiencke, Karel Kudela, José Luis Sánchez, Luis del Peral, Andrii Neronov, Mikhail Panasyuk, Lola Sabau-Graziati, Toshikazu Ebisuzaki, and James H. Adams

Subjects
Physics, Lidar, Infrared, Background analysis, Cosmic ray, Monitoring system, Light system, Space weather, Remote sensing
Abstract

An Atmospheric Monitoring System (AMS) is critical suite of instruments for JEM-EUSO whose aim is to detect Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECR) and (EHECR) from Space. The AMS comprises an advanced space qualified infrared camera and a LIDAR with cross checks provided by a ground-based and airborne Global Light System Stations. Moreover the Slow Data Mode of JEM-EUSO has been proven crucial for the UV background analysis by comparing the UV and IR images. It will also contribute to the investigation of atmospheric effects seen in the data from the GLS or even to our understanding of Space Weather.

Published
2016

41. Energy estimation of cosmic rays with the Engineering Radio Array of the Pierre Auger Observatory

Author

Pierre Auger Collaboration (Alexander Aab (Siegen, U. )., Pedro Abreu (LIP, Lisbon &amp, Lisbon, IST), Marco Aglietta (IFSI, Turin), Eun-Joo Ahn (Fermilab), Imen Al Samarai (Orsay, IPN), Ivone Albuquerque (Sao Paulo, U. )., Ingomar Allekotte (Centro Atomico Bariloche &amp, Balseiro, Inst., San Carlos de Bariloche), Patrick Allison (Ohio State, U. )., Alejandro Almela, (U. Tech. Natl., Argentina), Jesus Alvarez Castillo (Mexico, U. )., Jaime Alvarez-Muñiz (Santiago de Compostela, U. )., Rafael Alves Batista (Hamburg, U., II), Inst. Theor. Phys., amp, INFN, Michelangelo Ambrosio (Naples U., Naples), Amin Aminaei (Nijmegen, U., IMAPP), INFN, Gioacchino Alex Anastasi (Catania U., Catania), Luis Anchordoqui (Lehman, Coll. )., Sofia Andringa (LIP, INFN, Carla Aramo (Naples U., Fernando Arqueros (Madrid, U. )., Nicusor Arsene (Bucharest, U. )., Hernán Gonzalo Asorey (Centro Atomico Bariloche &amp, San Carlos de Bariloche &amp, Cantabria, U., Santander), Pedro Assis (LIP, Julien Aublin (Paris, U., VI-VII), Gualberto Avila (Pierre Auger, Observ. )., Nafiun Awal (New York, U. )., Alina Mihaela Badescu (Bucharest, Polytechnic, Inst. )., Colin Baus (KIT, Karlsruhe, EKP), Jim Beatty (Ohio State, U. )., Karl Heinz Becker (Wuppertal, U. )., Jose A Bellido (Adelaide, U. )., Corinne Berat (LPSC, Grenoble), Mario Edoardo Bertaina (IFSI, Xavier Bertou (Centro Atomico Bariloche &amp, Peter Biermann (Bonn, Max Planck, Inst., Radioastro, n. )., Pierre Billoir (Paris, U., Simon G Blaess (Adelaide, U. )., Alberto Blanco (LIP, Miguel Blanco (Paris, U., Jiri Blazek (Prague, Ins, t. Phys. )., INFN, Carla Bleve (Salento U., Lecce), Hans Blümer (KIT, Karlsruhe, IKP &amp, KIT, Karlsruhe, IKP), Martina Boháčová (Prague, Denise Boncioli (Gran Sasso), Carla Bonifazi (Rio de Janeiro Federal, U. )., Nataliia Borodai (Cracow, INP), Jeffrey Brack (Colorado State, U. )., Iliana Brancus (Bucharest, IFIN-HH), Thomas Bretz (Aachen, Tec, h. Hochsch. )., Ariel Bridgeman (KIT, Pedro Brogueira (LIP, Peter Buchholz (Siegen, U. )., CAFPE, Antonio Bueno (Granada U., Granada), Stijn Buitink (Nijmegen, U., INFN, Mario Buscemi (Naples U., Karen, S Caballero-Mora (Unlisted, FR), INFN, Barbara Caccianiga (Milan U., Milan), Lorenzo Caccianiga (Paris, U., Marina Candusso (Rome, U., Tor Vergata &amp, INFN, Rome2), Laurentiu Caramete (Bucharest, Space Sciences), Inst., Caruso, R, Antonella Castellina (IFSI, INFN, Gabriella Cataldi (Salento U., Lorenzo Cazon (LIP, INFN, Rosanna Cester (Turin U., Alan, G Chavez (IFM-UMSNH, Michoacan), Andrea Chiavassa (IFSI, Jose Augusto Chinellato (Campinas State, U. )., Jiri Chudoba (Prague, INFN, Marco Cilmo (Naples U., Roger W Clay (Adelaide, U. )., INFN, Giuseppe Cocciolo (Salento U., INFN, Roberta Colalillo (Naples U., Alan Coleman (Penn State, U. )., INFN, Laura Collica (Milan U., INFN, Maria Rita Coluccia (Salento U., Ruben Conceição (LIP, Fernando Contreras (Pierre Auger, Observ. )., Mathew J Cooper (Adelaide, U. )., Alain Cordier (Orsay, LAL), Stephane Coutu (Penn State, U. )., Corbin Covault (Case Western Reserve, U. )., James Cronin (Chicago, U., EFI), Richard Dallier (Station Radioastronomy, Nancay &amp, SUBATECH, Nantes), Bruno Daniel (Campinas State, U. )., Buenos Aires, Sergio Dasso (Buenos Aires U., IAFE), Kai Daumiller (KIT, Bruce R Dawson (Adelaide, U. )., Rogerio, M de Almeida (Niteroi, Fluminense, U. )., Sijbrand J de Jong (Nijmegen, U., IMAPP &amp, NIKHEF, Amsterdam), Giuseppe De Mauro (Nijmegen, U., Joao de Mello Neto (Rio de Janeiro Federal, U. )., INFN, Ivan De Mitri (Salento U., Jaime de Oliveira (Niteroi, Vitor de Souza (Sao Paulo, U., Sao, Carlos), Luis del Peral (Alcala de Henares, U. )., Olivier Deligny (Orsay, Niraj Dhital (Michigan, Tech. U. )., Claudio Di Giulio (Rome, U., INFN, Armando Di Matteo (L'Aquila U., Aquila), Johana Chirinos Diaz (Michigan, Tech. U. )., Mary Lucia Díaz Castro (Campinas State, U. )., Francisco Diogo (LIP, Carola Dobrigkeit (Campinas State, U. )., Wendy Docters (Groningen, KVI), Juan Carlos D'Olivo (Mexico, U. )., Alexei Dorofeev (Colorado State, U. )., Qader Dorosti Hasankiadeh (KIT, Rita dos Anjos (Sao Paulo, U., Maria Teresa Dova (La Plata, U. )., Jan Ebr (Prague, Ralph Engel (KIT, Martin Erdmann (Aachen, Mona Erfani (Siegen, U. )., Fermilab), Carlos O Escobar (Campinas State U., Joao Espadanal (LIP, Alberto Etchegoyen, (U. Tech. Natl., Heino Falcke (Nijmegen, U., Amsterdam &amp, ASTRON, Dwingeloo), Ke Fang (Chicago, U., Glennys Farrar (New York, U. )., Anderson Fauth (Campinas State, U. )., Norberto Fazzini (Fermilab), Andrew P Ferguson (Case Western Reserve, U. )., Brian Fick (Michigan, Tech. U. )., Juan Manuel Figueira, Alberto, Filevich, Andrej Filipčič (Stefan, Inst., Ljubljana &amp, Nova Gorica, U. )., Octavian Fratu (Bucharest, Martín Miguel Freire (IFIR, Rosario &amp, Rosario, U. )., Toshihiro Fujii (Chicago, U., Beatriz García, (Natl. Tech. U., San, Rafael), Diego Garcia-Gamez (Orsay, Diego Garcia-Pinto (Madrid, U. )., Florian Gate (SUBATECH, Hartmut Gemmeke (KIT, Karlsruhe, IPE), Alexandru Gherghel-Lascu (Bucharest, Piera Luisa Ghia (Paris, U., Ugo Giaccari (Rio de Janeiro Federal, U. )., INFN, Marco Giammarchi (Milan U., Maria, Giller, Dariusz Głas (Lodz, U. )., Christian Glaser (Aachen, Henry Glass (Fermilab), Geraldina, Golup, Mariano Gómez Berisso (Centro Atomico Bariloche &amp, Primo F Gómez Vitale (Pierre Auger, Observ. )., Nicolás, González, Ben Gookin (Colorado State, U. )., Jacob Gordon (Ohio State, U. )., Alessio Gorgi (IFSI, Peter Gorham (Hawaii, U. )., Philippe Gouffon (Sao Paulo, U. )., Nathan Griffith (Ohio State, U. )., Aurelio Grillo (Gran Sasso), Trent D Grubb (Adelaide, U. )., INFN, Fausto Guarino (Naples U., Germano Guedes (UEFS, Feira de Santana), Matías Rolf Hampel, Patricia Hansen (La Plata, U. )., Diego Harari (Centro Atomico Bariloche &amp, Thomas A Harrison (Adelaide, U. )., Sebastian Hartmann (Aachen, John Harton (Colorado State, U. )., Andreas Haungs (KIT, Thomas Hebbeker (Aachen, Dieter Heck (KIT, Philipp Heimann (Siegen, U. )., Alexander, E Herve (KIT, Gary C Hill (Adelaide, U. )., Carlos Hojvat (Fermilab), Nicholas Hollon (Chicago, U., Ewa Holt (KIT, Piotr Homola (Wuppertal, U. )., Jörg Hörandel (Nijmegen, U., Pavel Horvath (Palacky, U. )., Miroslav Hrabovský (Prague, Ins, t. Phys. &amp, Palacky U. )., Daniel Huber (KIT, Tim Huege (KIT, INFN, Antonio Insolia (Catania U., Paula Gina Isar (Bucharest, Ingolf Jandt (Wuppertal, U. )., Stefan Jansen (Nijmegen, U., Cecilia Jarne (La Plata, U. )., Jeffrey, A Johnsen (Colorado School of Mines), Mariela, Josebachuili, Alex Kääpä (Wuppertal, U. )., Olga Kambeitz (KIT, Karl Heinz Kampert (Wuppertal, U. )., Peter Kasper (Fermilab), Igor Katkov (KIT, Bianca Keilhauer (KIT, Ernesto Kemp (Campinas State, U. )., Roger Kieckhafer (Michigan, Tech. U. )., Hans Klages (KIT, Matthias Kleifges (KIT, Jonny Kleinfeller (Pierre Auger, Observ. )., Raphael Krause (Aachen, Nicole Krohm (Wuppertal, U. )., Daniel Kuempel (Aachen, Gasper Kukec Mezek (Nova Gorica, U. )., Norbert Kunka (KIT, Alaa Metwaly Kuotb Awad (KIT, Danielle LaHurd (Case Western Reserve, U. )., Luca Latronico (IFSI, Robert Lauer (New Mexico, U. )., Markus Lauscher (Aachen, Pascal Lautridou (SUBATECH, Sandra Le Coz, Didier Lebrun (LPSC, Paul Lebrun (Fermilab), Marcelo Augusto Leigui de Oliveira (ABC Federal, U. )., Antoine Letessier-Selvon (Paris, U., Isabelle Lhenry-Yvon (Orsay, Katrin Link (KIT, Luis Lopes (LIP, Rebeca López (Puebla, U., Ins, t. Fis. )., Aida López Casado (Santiago de Compostela, U. )., Karim Louedec (LPSC, Agustin, Lucero, Max Malacari (Adelaide, U. )., INFN, Manuela Mallamaci (Milan U., Jennifer Maller (SUBATECH, Dusan Mandat (Prague, Paul Mantsch (Fermilab), Analisa Mariazzi (La Plata, U. )., Vincent Marin (SUBATECH, CAFPE, Ioana Mariş (Granada U., Giovanni, Marsella, INFN, Daniele Martello (Salento U., Humberto Martinez (CINVESTAV, Oscar Martínez Bravo (Puebla, U., Diane Martraire (Orsay, Jimmy Masías Meza (Buenos Aires, U. )., Hermann-Josef Mathes (KIT, Sebastian Mathys (Wuppertal, U. )., James Matthews (Louisiana State, U. )., John Matthews (New Mexico, U. )., Giorgio Matthiae (Rome, U., Daniela Maurizio (Rio de Janeiro, CBPF), Eric Mayotte (Colorado School of Mines), Peter Mazur (Fermilab), Carlos Medina (Colorado School of Mines), Gustavo Medina-Tanco (Mexico, U. )., Rebecca Meissner (Aachen, Victor Mello (Rio de Janeiro Federal, U. )., Diego, Melo, Alexander Menshikov (KIT, Stefano Messina (Groningen, Maria Isabel Micheletti (IFIR, Lukas Middendorf (Aachen, Ignacio A Minaya (Madrid, U. )., INFN, Lino Miramonti (Milan U., Bogdan Mitrica (Bucharest, CAFPE, Laura Molina-Bueno (Granada U., Silvia Mollerach (Centro Atomico Bariloche &amp, François Montanet (LPSC, Carlo Morello (IFSI, Miguel Mostafá (Penn State, U. )., Celio A Moura (ABC Federal, U. )., Marcio Aparecido Muller (Campinas State, U. )., Gero Müller (Aachen, Sarah Müller (KIT, CAFPE, Sergio Navas (Granada U., Petr Necesal (Prague, Lukas Nellen (Mexico, U. )., Anna Nelles (Nijmegen, U., Jens Neuser (Wuppertal, U. )., Phong H Nguyen (Adelaide, U. )., Mihai Niculescu-Oglinzanu (Bucharest, Marcus Niechciol (Siegen, U. )., Lukas Niemietz (Wuppertal, U. )., Tim Niggemann (Aachen, Dave Nitz (Michigan, Tech. U. )., Dalibor, Nosek, Vladimir Novotny (Charles, U. )., Lyberis Nožka (Palacky, U. )., Luis Núñez (Cantabria, U., Livingstone Ochilo (Siegen, U. )., Foteini Oikonomou (Penn State, U. )., Angela Olinto (Chicago, U., Noelia Pacheco (Alcala de Henares, U. )., Daniel Pakk Selmi-Dei (Campinas State, U. )., Miroslav Palatka (Prague, Juan Pallotta (LIDAR CITEFA), Philipp Papenbreer (Wuppertal, U. )., Gonzalo Parente (Santiago de Compostela, U. )., Alejandra Parra (Puebla, U., Thomas Paul (Lehman, Coll. &amp, Northeastern U. )., Miroslav Pech (Prague, Jan Pękala (Cracow, Rodrigo Pelayo (Ulisted, MX), Iuri Pepe (Bahia, U. )., INFN, Lorenzo Perrone (Salento U., Emily Petermann (Nebraska, U. )., Christine Peters (Aachen, INFN, Sergio Petrera (L'Aquila U., Yevgeniy Petrov (Colorado State, U. )., Jamyang Phuntsok (Penn State, U. )., Ricardo Piegaia (Buenos Aires, U. )., Tanguy Pierog (KIT, Pablo Pieroni (Buenos Aires, U. )., Mário Pimenta (LIP, INFN, Valerio Pirronello (Catania U., Manuel, Platino, Matthias Plum (Aachen, Alessio Porcelli (KIT, Czeslaw Porowski (Cracow, Raul Ribeiro Prado (Sao Paulo, U., Paolo Privitera (Chicago, U., Michael Prouza (Prague, Eduardo, J Quel (LIDAR CITEFA), Sven Querchfeld (Wuppertal, U. )., Sean Quinn (Case Western Reserve, U. )., Julian Rautenberg (Wuppertal, U. )., Olivier Ravel (SUBATECH, Diego, Ravignani, Darius Reinert (Aachen, Benoît Revenu (SUBATECH, Jan Ridky (Prague, Markus Risse (Siegen, U. )., Pablo Ristori (LIDAR CITEFA), INFN, Vincenzo Rizi (L'Aquila U., Washington Rodrigues de Carvalho (Santiago de Compostela, U. )., Jorge Rubén Rodriguez Rojo (Pierre Auger, Observ. )., Maria Dolores Rodríguez-Frías (Alcala de Henares, U. )., Dmytro Rogozin (KIT, Jaime Rosado (Madrid, U. )., Markus Roth (KIT, Esteban Roulet (Centro Atomico Bariloche &amp, Adrian Rovero (Buenos Aires, Steven J Saffi (Adelaide, U. )., Alexandra Saftoiu (Bucharest, Humberto Salazar (Puebla, U., Ahmed Saleh (Nova Gorica, U. )., Francisco Salesa Greus (Penn State, U. )., Gaetano Salina (Rome, U., Jose Sanabria Gomez (Cantabria, U., Federico, Sánchez, CAFPE, Patricia Sanchez-Lucas (Granada U., Edivaldo Moura Santos (Sao Paulo, U. )., Eva Santos (Campinas State, U. )., Fred Sarazin (Colorado School of Mines), Biswaijt Sarkar (Wuppertal, U. )., Raul Sarmento (LIP, Christian Sarmiento-Cano (Cantabria, U., Ricardo, Sato, Carlos Scarso (Pierre Auger, Observ. )., Markus Schauer (Wuppertal, U. )., INFN, Viviana Scherini (Salento U., Harald, Schieler, David Schmidt (KIT, Olaf Scholten (Groningen, Harm Schoorlemmer (Hawaii, U. )., Petr Schovánek (Prague, Frank, G Schröder, Alexander Schulz (KIT, Johannes Schulz (Nijmegen, U., Johannes Schumacher (Aachen, Sergio Sciutto (La Plata, U. )., Alberto Segreto (IASF, Palermo), Mariangela Settimo (Paris, U., Amir Shadkam (Louisiana State, U. )., Ronald, C Shellard (Rio de Janeiro, Guenter Sigl (Hamburg, U., Octavian Sima (Bucharest, U. )., Andrzej Śmiałkowski (Lodz, U. )., Radomir Šmída (KIT, Gregory Snow (Nebraska, U. )., Paul Sommers (Penn State, U. )., Sebastian Sonntag (Siegen, U. )., J Sorokin (Adelaide, U. )., Ruben Squartini (Pierre Auger, Observ. )., Yogendra N Srivastava (Northeastern, U. )., Denis Stanca (Bucharest, Samo Stanič (Nova Gorica, U. )., James Stapleton (Ohio State, U. )., Jaroslaw Stasielak (Cracow, Maurice Stephan (Aachen, Anne Stutz (LPSC, Federico Suarez, (U. Tech. Natl., Mauricio Suarez Durán (Cantabria, U., Tiina Suomijärvi (Orsay, A Daniel Supanitsky (Buenos Aires, Michael Sutherland (Ohio State, U. )., John Swain (Northeastern, U. )., Zbigniew Szadkowski (Lodz, U. )., Oscar Alejandro Taborda (Centro Atomico Bariloche &amp, Alex, Tapia, Andreas Tepe (Siegen, U. )., Vanessa Menezes Theodoro (Campinas State, U. )., Omar Tibolla (Unlisted, Charles Timmermans (Nijmegen, U., Carlos, J Todero Peixoto, Gabriel Toma (Bucharest, Lenka Tomankova (KIT, Bernardo Tomé (LIP, INFN, Aurelio Tonachini (Turin U., Guillermo Torralba Elipe (Santiago de Compostela, U. )., Diego Torres Machado (Rio de Janeiro Federal, U. )., Petr Travnicek (Prague, Marta Trini (Nova Gorica, U. )., Ralf Ulrich (KIT, Michael Unger (KIT, New York, U. )., Martin Urban (Aachen, Jose F Valdés Galicia (Mexico, U. )., Ines Valiño (Santiago de Compostela, U. )., INFN, Laura Valore (Naples U., Guus van Aar (Nijmegen, U., Patrick van Bodegom (Adelaide, U. )., M van den Berg (Groningen, Ad, Sjoert van Velzen (Nijmegen, U., Arjen van Vliet (Hamburg, U., Enrique Varela (Puebla, U., Bernardo Vargas Cárdenas (Mexico, U. )., Gary Varner (Hawaii, U. )., Rafael Vasquez (Rio de Janeiro Federal, U. )., Jose R Vázquez (Madrid, U. )., Ricardo Vázquez (Santiago de Compostela, U. )., Darko Veberič (KIT, Valerio Verzi (Rome, U., Jakub Vicha (Prague, Mariela, Videla, Luis Villaseñor (IFM-UMSNH, Brian Vlcek (Alcala de Henares, U. )., Serguei Vorobiov (Nova Gorica, U. )., Hernan Wahlberg (La Plata, U. )., Oscar Wainberg, (U. Tech. Natl., David Walz (Aachen, Alan, Watson, Marc Weber (KIT, Klaus Weidenhaupt (Aachen, Andreas Weindl (KIT, Christoph Welling (Aachen, Felix Werner (KIT, Allan Widom (Northeastern, U. )., Lawrence Wiencke (Colorado School of Mines), Henryk Wilczyński (Cracow, Tobias, Winchen, David Wittkowski (Wuppertal, U. )., Brian, Wundheiler, Sarka Wykes (Nijmegen, U., Lili Yang (Nova Gorica, U. )., Tolga Yapici (Michigan, Tech. U. )., Alexey Yushkov (Siegen, U. )., Enrique Zas (Santiago de Compostela, U. )., Danilo, Zavrtanik, Marko Zavrtanik (Stefan, Inst., Arnulfo Zepeda (CINVESTAV, Benedikt Zimmermann (KIT, Michael Ziolkowski (Siegen, U. )., INFN, Francesca Zuccarello (Catania U., Catania), ), Aab, A., Abreu, P., Aglietta, M., Ahn, E. J., Al Samarai, I., Albuquerque, I. F. M., Allekotte, I., Allison, P., Almela, A., Alvarez Castillo, J., Alvarez Muñiz, J., Alves Batista, R., Ambrosio, M., Aminaei, A., Anastasi, G. A., Anchordoqui, L., Andringa, S., Aramo, C., Arqueros, F., Arsene, N., Asorey, H., Assis, P., Aublin, J., Avila, G., Awal, N., Badescu, A. M., Baus, C., Beatty, J. J., Becker, K. H., Bellido, J. A., Berat, C., Bertaina, M. E., Bertou, X., Biermann, P. L., Billoir, P., Blaess, S. G., Blanco, A., Blanco, M., Blazek, J., Bleve, C., Blümer, H., Boháčová, M., Boncioli, D., Bonifazi, C., Borodai, N., Brack, J., Brancus, I., Bretz, T., Bridgeman, A., Brogueira, P., Buchholz, P., Bueno, A., Buitink, S., Buscemi, M., Caballero Mora, K. S., Caccianiga, B., Caccianiga, L., Candusso, M., Caramete, L., Caruso, R., Castellina, A., Cataldi, G., Cazon, L., Cester, R., Chavez, A. G., Chiavassa, A., Chinellato, J. A., Chudoba, J., Cilmo, M., Clay, R. W., Cocciolo, G., Colalillo, Roberta, Coleman, A., Collica, L., Coluccia, M. R., Conceição, R., Contreras, F., Cooper, M. J., Cordier, A., Coutu, S., Covault, C. E., Cronin, J., Dallier, R., Daniel, B., Dasso, S., Daumiller, K., Dawson, B. R., De Almeida, R. M., De Jong, S. J., De Mauro, G., De Mello Neto, J. R. T., De Mitri, I., De Oliveira, J., De Souza, V., Del Peral, L., Deligny, O., Dhital, N., Di Giulio, C., Di Matteo, A., Diaz, J. C., Díaz Castro, M. L., Diogo, F., Dobrigkeit, C., Docters, W., D'Olivo, J. C., Dorofeev, A., Dorosti Hasankiadeh, Q., Dos Anjos, R. C., Dova, M. T., Ebr, J., Engel, R., Erdmann, M., Erfani, M., Escobar, C. O., Espadanal, J., Etchegoyen, A., Falcke, H., Fang, K., Farrar, G., Fauth, A. C., Fazzini, N., Ferguson, A. P., Fick, B., Figueira, J. M., Filevich, A., Filipčič, A., Fratu, O., Freire, M. M., Fujii, T., García, B., Garcia Gamez, D., Garcia Pinto, D., Gate, F., Gemmeke, H., Gherghel Lascu, A., Ghia, P. L., Giaccari, U., Giammarchi, M., Giller, M., Głas, D., Glaser, C., Glass, H., Golup, G., Gómez Berisso, M., Gómez Vitale, P. F., González, N., Gookin, B., Gordon, J., Gorgi, A., Gorham, P., Gouffon, P., Griffith, N., Grillo, A. F., Grubb, T. D., Guarino, Fausto, Guedes, G. P., Hampel, M. R., Hansen, P., Harari, D., Harrison, T. A., Hartmann, S., Harton, J. L., Haungs, A., Hebbeker, T., Heck, D., Heimann, P., Herve, A. E., Hill, G. C., Hojvat, C., Hollon, N., Holt, E., Homola, P., Hörandel, J. R., Horvath, P., Hrabovský, M., Huber, D., Huege, T., Insolia, A., Isar, P. G., Jandt, I., Jansen, S., Jarne, C., Johnsen, J. A., Josebachuili, M., Kääpä, A., Kambeitz, O., Kampert, K. H., Kasper, P., Katkov, I., Keilhauer, B., Kemp, E., Kieckhafer, R. M., Klages, H. O., Kleifges, M., Kleinfeller, J., Krause, R., Krohm, N., Kuempel, D., Kukec Mezek, G., Kunka, N., Kuotb Awad, A. W., Lahurd, D., Latronico, L., Lauer, R., Lauscher, M., Lautridou, P., Le Coz, S., Lebrun, D., Lebrun, P., Leigui De Oliveira, M. A., Letessier Selvon, A., Lhenry Yvon, I., Link, K., Lopes, L., López, R., López Casado, A., Louedec, K., Lucero, A., Malacari, M., Mallamaci, M., Maller, J., Mandat, D., Mantsch, P., Mariazzi, A. G., Marin, V., Mariş, I. C., Marsella, G., Martello, D., Martinez, H., Martínez Bravo, O., Martraire, D., Masías Meza, J. J., Mathes, H. J., Mathys, S., Matthews, J., Matthews, J. A. J., Matthiae, G., Maurizio, D., Mayotte, E., Mazur, P. O., Medina, C., Medina Tanco, G., Meissner, R., Mello, V. B. B., Melo, D., Menshikov, A., Messina, S., Micheletti, M. I., Middendorf, L., Minaya, I. A., Miramonti, L., Mitrica, B., Molina Bueno, L., Mollerach, S., Montanet, F., Morello, C., Mostafá, M., Moura, C. A., Muller, M. A., Müller, G., Müller, S., Navas, S., Necesal, P., Nellen, L., Nelles, A., Neuser, J., Nguyen, P. H., Niculescu Oglinzanu, M., Niechciol, M., Niemietz, L., Niggemann, T., Nitz, D., Nosek, D., Novotny, V., Nožka, L., Núñez, L. A., Ochilo, L., Oikonomou, F., Olinto, A., Pacheco, N., Pakk Selmi Dei, D., Palatka, M., Pallotta, J., Papenbreer, P., Parente, G., Parra, A., Paul, T., Pech, M., Pokala, J., Pelayo, R., Pepe, I. M., Perrone, L., Petermann, E., Peters, C., Petrera, S., Petrov, Y., Phuntsok, J., Piegaia, R., Pierog, T., Pieroni, P., Pimenta, M., Pirronello, V., Platino, M., Plum, M., Porcelli, A., Porowski, C., Prado, R. R., Privitera, P., Prouza, M., Quel, E. J., Querchfeld, S., Quinn, S., Rautenberg, J., Ravel, O., Ravignani, D., Reinert, D., Revenu, B., Ridky, J., Risse, M., Ristori, P., Rizi, V., Rodrigues De Carvalho, W., Rodriguez Rojo, J., Rodríguez Frías, M. D., Rogozin, D., Rosado, J., Roth, M., Roulet, E., Rovero, A. C., Saffi, S. J., Saftoiu, A., Salazar, H., Saleh, A., Salesa Greus, F., Salina, G., Sanabria Gomez, J. D., Sánchez, F., Sanchez Lucas, P., Santos, E., Santos, E. M., Sarazin, F., Sarkar, B., Sarmento, R., Sarmiento Cano, C., Sato, R., Scarso, C., Schauer, M., Scherini, V., Schieler, H., Schmidt, D., Scholten, O., Schoorlemmer, H., Schovánek, P., Schröder, F. G., Schulz, A., Schulz, J., Schumacher, J., Sciutto, S. J., Segreto, A., Settimo, M., Shadkam, A., Shellard, R. C., Sigl, G., Sima, O., Śmiałkowski, A., Šmída, R., Snow, G. R., Sommers, P., Sonntag, S., Sorokin, J., Squartini, R., Srivastava, Y. N., Stanca, D., Stanič, S., Stapleton, J., Stasielak, J., Stephan, M., Stutz, A., Suarez, F., Suarez Durán, M., Suomijärvi, T., Supanitsky, A. D., Sutherland, M. S., Swain, J., Szadkowski, Z., Taborda, O. A., Tapia, A., Tepe, A., Theodoro, V. M., Timmermans, C., Todero Peixoto, C. J., Toma, G., Tomankova, L., Tomé, B., Tonachini, A., Torralba Elipe, G., Torres Machado, D., Travnicek, P., Trini, M., Ulrich, R., Unger, M., Urban, M., Valdés Galicia, J. F., Valiño, I., Valore, Laura, Van Aar, G., Van Bodegom, P., Van Den Berg, A. M., Van Velzen, S., Van Vliet, A., Varela, E., Vargas Cárdenas, B., Varner, G., Vasquez, R., Vázquez, J. R., Vázquez, R. A., Veberič, D., Verzi, V., Vicha, J., Videla, M., Villaseñor, L., Vlcek, B., Vorobiov, S., Wahlberg, H., Wainberg, O., Walz, D., Watson, A. A., Weber, M., Weidenhaupt, K., Weindl, A., Welling, C., Werner, F., Widom, A., Wiencke, L., Wilczyński, H., Winchen, T., Wittkowski, D., Wundheiler, B., Wykes, S., Yang, L., Yapici, T., Yushkov, A., Zas, E., Zavrtanik, D., Zavrtanik, M., Zepeda, A., Zimmermann, B., Ziolkowski, M., Zuccarello, F., Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Laboratoire SUBATECH Nantes (SUBATECH), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes), Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Scientifique de la Station de Nançay (USN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Pierre AUGER, ANR-11-IDEX-0004,SUPER,Sorbonne Universités à Paris pour l'Enseignement et la Recherche(2011), ANR-10-LABX-0063,ILP,Institute Lagrange of Paris(2010), European Project: 328826,EC:FP7:PEOPLE,FP7-PEOPLE-2012-IEF,AUGER2FUTURE(2013), Elementary Particle Physics, Physics, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ahn, E. . j., Albuquerque, I. . f. . m., Anastasi, G. . a., Badescu, A. . m., Beatty, J. . j., Becker, K. . h., Bellido, J. . a., Bertaina, M. . e., Biermann, P. . l., Blaess, S. . g., Bleve, Carla, Caballero Mora, K. . s., Chavez, A. . g., Chinellato, J. . a., Clay, R. . w., Colalillo, R., Coluccia, MARIA RITA, Cooper, M. . j., Covault, C. . e., Dawson, B. . r., de Almeida, R. . m., de Jong, S. . j., de Mello Neto, J. . r. . t., DE MITRI, Ivan, de Oliveira, J., de Souza, V., del Peral, L., Diaz, J. . c., Díaz Castro, M. . l., D’Olivo, J. . c., dos Anjos, R. . c., Dova, M. . t., Escobar, C. . o., Fauth, A. . c., Ferguson, A. . p., Figueira, J. . m., Freire, M. . m., Ghia, P. . l., Gómez Vitale, P. . f., Grillo, A. . f., Grubb, T. . d., Guarino, F., Guedes, G. . p., Hampel, M. . r., Harrison, T. . a., Harton, J. . l., Herve, A. . e., Hill, G. . c., Hörandel, J. . r., Isar, P. . g., Johnsen, J. . a., Kampert, K. . h., Kieckhafer, R. . m., Klages, H. . o., Kuotb Awad, A. . w., Leigui de Oliveira, M. . a., Mariazzi, A. . g., Mariş, I. . c., Marsella, Giovanni, Martello, Daniele, Masías Meza, J. . j., Mathes, H. . j., Matthews, J. . a. . j., Mazur, P. . o., Mello, V. . b. . b., Micheletti, M. . i., Minaya, I. . a., Moura, C. . a., Muller, M. . a., Nguyen, P. . h., Núñez, L. . a., Pȩkala, J., Pepe, I. . m., Perrone, Lorenzo, Prado, R. . r., Quel, E. . j., Rodrigues de Carvalho, W., Rodríguez Frías, M. . d., Rovero, A. . c., Saffi, S. . j., Sanabria Gomez, J. . d., Santos, E. . m., Schröder, F. . g., Sciutto, S. . j., Shellard, R. . c., Snow, G. . r., Srivastava, Y. . n., Supanitsky, A. . d., Sutherland, M. . s., Taborda, O. . a., Theodoro, V. . m., Todero Peixoto, C. . j., Valdés Galicia, J. . f., Valore, L., van Aar, G., van Bodegom, P., van den Berg, A. . m., van Velzen, S., van Vliet, A., Vázquez, J. . r., Vázquez, R. . a., Watson, A. . a., Research unit Astroparticle Physics, and Research unit Nuclear & Hadron Physics

Subjects
Cosmic ray showers, Astronomy, Ciencias Físicas, ULTRA HIGH ENERGY COSMIC RAYS, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, purl.org/becyt/ford/1 [https], ultra-high energy cosmic rays, extensive air showers, radio energy estimation, CODALEMA, Observatory, Radio detection, Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, ComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSING, Física nuclear, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS, EXTENSIVE AIR-SHOWERS, MONTE-CARLO SIMULATIONS, EMISSION, [PHYS.ASTR.HE]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], Nuclear and High Energy Physics, EXTENSIVE AIR-SHOWERS, MONTE-CARLO SIMULATIONS, EMISSION, CODALEMA, COREAS, LOFAR, AIR SHOWERS, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, EXTENSIVE AIR-SHOWERS, RADIO EMISSION, 0103 physical sciences, High Energy Physics, 010306 general physics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Cosmic rays, Pierre Auger Observatory, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Radiant energy, Física, LOFAR, purl.org/becyt/ford/1.3 [https], ASTROFÍSICA, Computational physics, Astronomía, COREAS, Earth's magnetic field, Air shower, Experimental High Energy Physics, EMISSION, MONTE-CARLO SIMULATIONS
Abstract

The Auger Engineering Radio Array (AERA) is part of the Pierre Auger Observatory and is used to detect the radio emission of cosmic-ray air showers. These observations are compared to the data of the surface detector stations of the Observatory, which provide well-calibrated information on the cosmic-ray energies and arrival directions. The response of the radio stations in the 30-80 MHz regime has been thoroughly calibrated to enable the reconstruction of the incoming electric field. For the latter, the energy deposit per area is determined from the radio pulses at each observer position and is interpolated using a two-dimensional function that takes into account signal asymmetries due to interference between the geomagnetic and charge-excess emission components. The spatial integral over the signal distribution gives a direct measurement of the energy transferred from the primary cosmic ray into radio emission in the AERA frequency range. We measure 15.8 MeV of radiation energy for a 1 EeV air shower arriving perpendicularly to the geomagnetic field. This radiation energy - corrected for geometrical effects - is used as a cosmic-ray energy estimator. Performing an absolute energy calibration against the surface-detector information, we observe that this radio-energy estimator scales quadratically with the cosmic-ray energy as expected for coherent emission. We find an energy resolution of the radio reconstruction of 22% for the data set and 17% for a high-quality subset containing only events with at least five radio stations with signal., La lista completa de autores que integran el documento puede consultarse en el archivo, Instituto de Física La Plata

Published
2016

42. Measurement of the radiation energy in the radio signal of extensive air showers as a universal estimator of cosmic-ray energy

Author

Alaa Kuotb Awad, Benoît Revenu, James Matthews, Alexandra Saftoiu, Alberto Filevich, Peter Hansen, Ivan De Mitri, I. Lhenry-Yvon, John Matthews, Peter Buchholz, Philipp Papenbreer, Petr Travnicek, H. Wahlberg, A. Nelles, R. Piegaia, I.M. Brancus, Alan Coleman, T. Hebbeker, Trent D. Grubb, D. Huber, Marco Aglietta, Eun-Joo Ahn, S. Vorobiov, K. Weidenhaupt, E.M. Holt, B. Wundheiler, A. Saleh, A. Parra, R. J. Lauer, Juan Manuel Figueira, S. Jansen, Bruno Daniel, Maria-Teresa Dova, Foteini Oikonomou, M. R. Hampel, Peter Mazur, J. Sorokin, Marcelo Augusto Leigui de Oliveira, Sarka Wykes, R. Meissner, Octavian Fratu, G. Parente, M. Trini, Roberta Colalillo, O. Wainberg, C. Bleve, P. Pieroni, S. Müller, Vincenzo Rizi, Nicusor Arsene, Julian Rautenberg, V. B. B. Mello, K. H. Becker, A. G. Mariazzi, Eric Mayotte, Jeffrey A. Johnsen, Sven Querchfeld, L. Perrone, R. C. Shellard, W. Docters, Carlos Hojvat, Ernesto Kemp, Xavier Bertou, Luis del Peral, Ugo Giaccari, Henryk Wilczyński, J. J. Beatty, Norbert Kunka, D. Nitz, Silvia Mollerach, D. Lebrun, S. Quinn, Sjoert van Velzen, Primo F. Gómez Vitale, R. Sato, S. Coutu, Norberto Fazzini, Antonio Bueno, Antonio Insolia, M. Josebachuili, Gualberto Avila, Ingomar Allekotte, G. Matthiae, Angela V. Olinto, O. Kambeitz, M. Ambrosio, Eva Santos, R. Krause, Jose Sanabria Gomez, M. Zavrtanik, Fred Sarazin, Lukas Nellen, B. Caccianiga, Julien Aublin, A. Shadkam, Amin Aminaei, Rafael Alves Batista, Jakub Vicha, Pedro Assis, Radomir Smida, Diego Harari, B. Gookin, P. H. Nguyen, Alberto Etchegoyen, Darius Reinert, Lorenzo Caccianiga, V. M. Theodoro, Tobias Winchen, D. Martello, Karen S. Caballero-Mora, Michael Unger, D. Melo, Luca Latronico, Guenter Sigl, D. Garcia-Pinto, Alessio Gorgi, Paul Sommers, A. Blanco, M. J. Cooper, S. Stanič, Carlos Medina, Tanguy Pierog, Mariano Gómez Berisso, D. Rogozin, Alejandro Almela, E. M. Santos, P. Heimann, Florian Gaté, J. R. Vázquez, Carla Bonifazi, Bernardo Vargas Cárdenas, A. C. Rovero, B. Tome, Marco Giammarchi, D. Garcia-Gamez, J. W. H. Gordon, Jose A. Bellido, L. Niemietz, S. Hartmann, Martin Erdmann, Jan Pękala, Hans Klages, A. Chiavassa, P. Sanchez-Lucas, Vitor de Souza, Bruce R. Dawson, Tim Huege, Carola Dobrigkeit, M. Plum, P. Abreu, Miguel Mostafá, C. Porowski, S. Sonntag, Markus Risse, Christian Sarmiento-Cano, B. Vlcek, Dariusz Glas, Diego Ravignani, O. A. Taborda, M. Settimo, M. Blanco, Mário Pimenta, Gregory R Snow, Pablo Ristori, P. H. Kasper, Gaetano Salina, Maria Rita Coluccia, Yogendra N. Srivastava, Alan Watson, Glennys R. Farrar, C. Jarne, A. Śmiałkowski, Andreas Weindl, Jaime Rosado, R. Cester, Alina Mihaela Badescu, F. Sánchez, N. Awal, Beatriz García, Jeffrey Brack, Olaf Scholten, Humberto Ibarguen Salazar, J. W. Cronin, Harald Schieler, Antoine Letessier-Selvon, C. Aramo, B. Mitrica, Heino Falcke, Nicolás González, Mihai Niculescu-Oglinzanu, Jonny Kleinfeller, K. Louedec, Arnulfo Zepeda, Armando di Matteo, G. Cocciolo, Roger W Clay, R. López, M. Mallamaci, F. G. Schröder, Mary Lucia Díaz Castro, Denise Boncioli, Jiri Chudoba, P. Lebrun, Alex Kääpä, Alberto Segreto, G. Toma, Benedikt Zimmermann, Rúben Conceição, R. Vasquez, Dusan Mandat, Colin Baus, Darko Veberič, D. Martraire, Oscar Martínez Bravo, Miroslav Hrabovský, T. Yapici, Alexey Yushkov, G. A. Anastasi, Pascal Lautridou, W. R. Carvalho, Dieter Heck, Martin Urban, G. S. Varner, Nataliia Borodai, Toshihiro Fujii, A. Menshikov, C. Morello, Jaroslaw Stasielak, Luis A. Anchordoqui, Markus Roth, N. Griffith, S. G. Blaess, Niraj Dhital, Jörg R. Hörandel, Thomas Harrison, Jaime de Oliveira, I. Valiño, H. Blümer, Max Malacari, Lili Yang, Laura Valore, L. Lopes, Lukas Middendorf, Corinne Berat, Piotr Homola, Lawrence Wiencke, Fausto Guarino, A. Filipčič, A. Aab, Johannes Schumacher, J. Neuser, Alex Tapia, Christine Peters, Ad M. van den Berg, Juan Pallotta, S. Le Coz, Jaime Alvarez-Muñiz, Alexandru Gherghel-Lascu, Mauricio Suaréz Durán, Petr Schovanek, L. Caramete, Rita dos Anjos, João de Mello Neto, H. Gemmeke, Peter L. Biermann, Sergio Sciutto, L. Ochilo, T. Suomijärvi, Karl-Heinz Kampert, Antonella Castellina, M. I. Micheletti, Federico Suarez, A. Schulz, J. Stapleton, L. Molina-Bueno, Q. Hasankiadeh, L. Tomankova, F. Arqueros, P. Necesal, Daniel Pakk Selmi-Dei, Imen Al Samarai, Martina Bohacova, David Walz, Johannes Schulz, Ruben Squartini, Paolo Privitera, F. Diogo, Juan Carlos D'Olivo, Patrick van Bodegom, Esteban Roulet, Patrick Allison, I. A. Minaya, Hernán Asorey, John Swain, Thomas Bretz, R.R. Prado, Harm Schoorlemmer, John L. Harton, T. Paul, A. Lucero, Jan Ridky, Marc Weber, F. Werner, Katrin Link, Denis Stanca, Guus van Aar, D. Maurizio, A. P. Ferguson, Corbin Covault, Y. Petrov, Geraldina Golup, Alexander Grillo, Zbigniew Szadkowski, Alessio Porcelli, J. C. Diaz, Rodrigo Pelayo, Stijn Buitink, N. Hollon, Olivier Ravel, C. A. Moura, Jose F. Valdés Galicia, Brian Fick, Lino Miramonti, Luis A. Nunez, M. Buscemi, C. Scarso, C. Welling, Marcus Niechciol, V. Novotny, Arjen van Vliet, A. Stutz, E. Varela, Rossella Caruso, S. Mathys, M. Erfani, Eduardo Quel, Henry Glass, Michael Sutherland, Francisco Salesa Greus, Guillermo Torralba Elipe, Piera Luisa Ghia, I. Jandt, Octavian Sima, Manuel Platino, M. D. Rodríguez-Frías, M. Schauer, N. Pacheco, Tim Niggemann, D. Nosek, Jan Ebr, V. Scherini, Jimmy Masías Meza, M. Candusso, Peter Gorham, Valerio Pirronello, Charles Timmermans, L. Collica, Sergio Petrera, Paul M. Mantsch, Miroslav Palatka, Jesus Alvarez Castillo, J. Blazek, Gustavo Medina-Tanco, Anderson Fauth, Vincent Marin, Rogerio M. de Almeida, M. E. Bertaina, B. Sarkar, Christian Glaser, S. Messina, Claudio Di Giulio, L. Nožka, J. Espadanal, Diego Torres Machado, Paula Gina Isar, Pedro Brogueira, G. Cataldi, Sergio Dasso, Martín Miguel Freire, P. Billoir, Aida López Casado, Carlos J. Todero Peixoto, G. Marsella, Daniel Kuempel, Carlos Escobar, R.M. Kieckhafer, Iuri Muniz Pepe, Maria Giller, Hermann-Josef Mathes, A. Cordier, Ivone F. M. Albuquerque, Ke Fang, Gašper Kukec Mezek, I. Katkov, Richard Dallier, Francesca Zuccarello, Kai Daumiller, Maurice Stephan, M. Ziolkowski, A. Tonachini, A.E. Herve, F. Montanet, J. Maller, V. Verzi, David Schmidt, S. Sánchez Navas, Jose Chinellato, Lorenzo Cazon, Ioana Codrina Maris, Ricardo Vázquez, Giuseppe De Mauro, G. C. Hill, Ralph Engel, Andreas Haungs, M. Videla, A. Daniel Supanitsky, Matthias Kleifges, H. Martinez, David Wittkowski, Germano Guedes, Danielle LaHurd, Olivier Deligny, Marcio Aparecido Muller, A. Dorofeev, L. Villaseñor, Marco Cilmo, Jorge Rubén Rodriguez Rojo, A. Bridgeman, E. Petermann, S. J. Saffi, Markus Lauscher, J. Phuntsok, Raul Sarmento, M. Prouza, Bianca Keilhauer, A. G. Chavez, Enrique Zas, Sijbrand J. de Jong, Fernando Contreras, N. Krohm, Miroslav Pech, R. Ulrich, Pavel Horvath, P. Gouffon, Allan Widom, Danilo Zavrtanik, Gero Müller, Sofia Andringa, A. Tepe, Research unit Nuclear & Hadron Physics, Research unit Astroparticle Physics, Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Unité Scientifique de la Station de Nançay (USN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO), Laboratoire SUBATECH Nantes (SUBATECH), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes), Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Pierre Auger Collaboration, ANR-11-IDEX-0004,SUPER,Sorbonne Universités à Paris pour l'Enseignement et la Recherche(2011), European Project: 328826,EC:FP7:PEOPLE,FP7-PEOPLE-2012-IEF,AUGER2FUTURE(2013), European Project: 246806,EC:FP7:PEOPLE,FP7-PEOPLE-2009-IRSES,EPLANET(2011), Aab, A., Abreu, P., Aglietta, M., Ahn, E. J., Al Samarai, I., Albuquerque, I. F. M., Allekotte, I., Allison, P., Almela, A., Alvarez Castillo, J., Alvarez Muñiz, J., Alves Batista, R., Ambrosio, M., Aminaei, A., Anastasi, G. A., Anchordoqui, L., Andringa, S., Aramo, C., Arqueros, F., Arsene, N., Asorey, H., Assis, P., Aublin, J., Avila, G., Awal, N., Badescu, A. M., Baus, C., Beatty, J. J., Becker, K. H., Bellido, J. A., Berat, C., Bertaina, M. E., Bertou, X., Biermann, P. L., Billoir, P., Blaess, S. G., Blanco, A., Blanco, M., Blazek, J., Bleve, C., Blümer, H., Boháčová, M., Boncioli, D., Bonifazi, C., Borodai, N., Brack, J., Brancus, I., Bretz, T., Bridgeman, A., Brogueira, P., Buchholz, P., Bueno, A., Buitink, S., Buscemi, M., Caballero Mora, K. S., Caccianiga, B., Caccianiga, L., Candusso, M., Caramete, L., Caruso, R., Castellina, A., Cataldi, G., Cazon, L., Cester, R., Chavez, A. G., Chiavassa, A., Chinellato, J. A., Chudoba, J., Cilmo, M., Clay, R. W., Cocciolo, G., Colalillo, Roberta, Coleman, A., Collica, L., Coluccia, M. R., Conceição, R., Contreras, F., Cooper, M. J., Cordier, A., Coutu, S., Covault, C. E., Cronin, J., Dallier, R., Daniel, B., Dasso, S., Daumiller, K., Dawson, B. R., De Almeida, R. M., De Jong, S. J., De Mauro, G., De Mello Neto, J. R. T., De Mitri, I., De Oliveira, J., De Souza, V., Del Peral, L., Deligny, O., Dhital, N., Di Giulio, C., Di Matteo, A., Diaz, J. C., Díaz Castro, M. L., Diogo, F., Dobrigkeit, C., Docters, W., D'Olivo, J. C., Dorofeev, A., Dorosti Hasankiadeh, Q., Dos Anjos, R. C., Dova, M. T., Ebr, J., Engel, R., Erdmann, M., Erfani, M., Escobar, C. O., Espadanal, J., Etchegoyen, A., Falcke, H., Fang, K., Farrar, G., Fauth, A. C., Fazzini, N., Ferguson, A. P., Fick, B., Figueira, J. M., Filevich, A., Filipčič, A., Fratu, O., Freire, M. M., Fujii, T., García, B., Garcia Gamez, D., Garcia Pinto, D., Gate, F., Gemmeke, H., Gherghel Lascu, A., Ghia, P. L., Giaccari, U., Giammarchi, M., Giller, M., Głas, D., Glaser, C., Glass, H., Golup, G., Gómez Berisso, M., Gómez Vitale, P. F., González, N., Gookin, B., Gordon, J., Gorgi, A., Gorham, P., Gouffon, P., Griffith, N., Grillo, A. F., Grubb, T. D., Guarino, Fausto, Guedes, G. P., Hampel, M. R., Hansen, P., Harari, D., Harrison, T. A., Hartmann, S., Harton, J. L., Haungs, A., Hebbeker, T., Heck, D., Heimann, P., Herve, A. E., Hill, G. C., Hojvat, C., Hollon, N., Holt, E., Homola, P., Hörandel, J. R., Horvath, P., Hrabovský, M., Huber, D., Huege, T., Insolia, A., Isar, P. G., Jandt, I., Jansen, S., Jarne, C., Johnsen, J. A., Josebachuili, M., Kääpä, A., Kambeitz, O., Kampert, K. H., Kasper, P., Katkov, I., Keilhauer, B., Kemp, E., Kieckhafer, R. M., Klages, H. O., Kleifges, M., Kleinfeller, J., Krause, R., Krohm, N., Kuempel, D., Kukec Mezek, G., Kunka, N., Kuotb Awad, A. W., Lahurd, D., Latronico, L., Lauer, R., Lauscher, M., Lautridou, P., Le Coz, S., Lebrun, D., Lebrun, P., Leigui De Oliveira, M. A., Letessier Selvon, A., Lhenry Yvon, I., Link, K., Lopes, L., López, R., López Casado, A., Louedec, K., Lucero, A., Malacari, M., Mallamaci, M., Maller, J., Mandat, D., Mantsch, P., Mariazzi, A. G., Marin, V., Mariş, I. C., Marsella, G., Martello, D., Martinez, H., Martínez Bravo, O., Martraire, D., Masías Meza, J. J., Mathes, H. J., Mathys, S., Matthews, J., Matthews, J. A. J., Matthiae, G., Maurizio, D., Mayotte, E., Mazur, P. O., Medina, C., Medina Tanco, G., Meissner, R., Mello, V. B. B., Melo, D., Menshikov, A., Messina, S., Micheletti, M. I., Middendorf, L., Minaya, I. A., Miramonti, L., Mitrica, B., Molina Bueno, L., Mollerach, S., Montanet, F., Morello, C., Mostafá, M., Moura, C. A., Muller, M. A., Müller, G., Müller, S., Navas, S., Necesal, P., Nellen, L., Nelles, A., Neuser, J., Nguyen, P. H., Niculescu Oglinzanu, M., Niechciol, M., Niemietz, L., Niggemann, T., Nitz, D., Nosek, D., Novotny, V., Nožka, L., Núñez, L. A., Ochilo, L., Oikonomou, F., Olinto, A., Pacheco, N., Pakk Selmi Dei, D., Palatka, M., Pallotta, J., Papenbreer, P., Parente, G., Parra, A., Paul, T., Pech, M., Pkala, J., Pelayo, R., Pepe, I. M., Perrone, L., Petermann, E., Peters, C., Petrera, S., Petrov, Y., Phuntsok, J., Piegaia, R., Pierog, T., Pieroni, P., Pimenta, M., Pirronello, V., Platino, M., Plum, M., Porcelli, A., Porowski, C., Prado, R. R., Privitera, P., Prouza, M., Quel, E. J., Querchfeld, S., Quinn, S., Rautenberg, J., Ravel, O., Ravignani, D., Reinert, D., Revenu, B., Ridky, J., Risse, M., Ristori, P., Rizi, V., Rodrigues De Carvalho, W., Rodriguez Rojo, J., Rodríguez Frías, M. D., Rogozin, D., Rosado, J., Roth, M., Roulet, E., Rovero, A. C., Saffi, S. J., Saftoiu, A., Salazar, H., Saleh, A., Salesa Greus, F., Salina, G., Sanabria Gomez, J. D., Sánchez, F., Sanchez Lucas, P., Santos, E., Santos, E. M., Sarazin, F., Sarkar, B., Sarmento, R., Sarmiento Cano, C., Sato, R., Scarso, C., Schauer, M., Scherini, V., Schieler, H., Schmidt, D., Scholten, O., Schoorlemmer, H., Schovánek, P., Schröder, F. G., Schulz, A., Schulz, J., Schumacher, J., Sciutto, S. J., Segreto, A., Settimo, M., Shadkam, A., Shellard, R. C., Sigl, G., Sima, O., Śmiałkowski, A., Šmída, R., Snow, G. R., Sommers, P., Sonntag, S., Sorokin, J., Squartini, R., Srivastava, Y. N., Stanca, D., Stanič, S., Stapleton, J., Stasielak, J., Stephan, M., Stutz, A., Suarez, F., Suarez Durán, M., Suomijärvi, T., Supanitsky, A. D., Sutherland, M. S., Swain, J., Szadkowski, Z., Taborda, O. A., Tapia, A., Tepe, A., Theodoro, V. M., Timmermans, C., Todero Peixoto, C. J., Toma, G., Tomankova, L., Tomé, B., Tonachini, A., Torralba Elipe, G., Torres Machado, D., Travnicek, P., Trini, M., Ulrich, R., Unger, M., Urban, M., Valdés Galicia, J. F., Valiño, I., Valore, Laura, Van Aar, G., Van Bodegom, P., Van Den Berg, A. M., Van Velzen, S., Van Vliet, A., Varela, E., Vargas Cárdenas, B., Varner, G., Vasquez, R., Vázquez, J. R., Vázquez, R. A., Veberič, D., Verzi, V., Vicha, J., Videla, M., Villaseñor, L., Vlcek, B., Vorobiov, S., Wahlberg, H., Wainberg, O., Walz, D., Watson, A. 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Wilczyński H, Winchen T, Wittkowski D, Wundheiler B, Wykes S, Yang L, Yapici T, Yushkov A, Zas E, Zavrtanik D, Zavrtanik M, Zepeda A, Zimmermann B, Ziolkowski M, Zuccarello F, Aab, A, Abreu, P, Aglietta, M, Ahn, E. J, Al Samarai, I, Albuquerque, I. F. M, Allekotte, I, Allison, P, Almela, A, Alvarez Castillo, J, Alvarez Muñiz, J, Alves Batista, R, Ambrosio, M, Aminaei, A, Anastasi, G. A, Anchordoqui, L, Andringa, S, Aramo, C, Arqueros, F, Arsene, N, Asorey, H, Assis, P, Aublin, J, Avila, G, Awal, N, Badescu, A. M, Baus, C, Beatty, J. J, Becker, K. H, Bellido, J. A, Berat, C, Bertaina, M. E, Bertou, X, Biermann, P. L, Billoir, P, Blaess, S. G, Blanco, A, Blanco, M, Blazek, J, Bleve, Carla, Blümer, H, Boháčová, M, Boncioli, D, Bonifazi, C, Borodai, N, Brack, J, Brancus, I, Bretz, T, Bridgeman, A, Brogueira, P, Buchholz, P, Bueno, A, Buitink, S, Buscemi, M, Caballero Mora, K. S, Caccianiga, B, Caccianiga, L, Candusso, M, Caramete, L, Caruso, R, Castellina, A, Cataldi, G, Cazon, L, Cester, R, Chavez, A. G, Chiavassa, A, Chinellato, J. A, Chudoba, J, Cilmo, M, Clay, R. W, Cocciolo, G, Colalillo, R, Coleman, A, Collica, L, Coluccia, MARIA RITA, Conceição, R, Contreras, F, Cooper, M. J, Cordier, A, Coutu, S, Covault, C. E, Cronin, J, Dallier, R, Daniel, B, Dasso, S, Daumiller, K, Dawson, B. R, de Almeida, R. M, de Jong, S. J, De Mauro, G, de Mello Neto, J. R. T, DE MITRI, Ivan, de Oliveira, J, de Souza, V, Del Peral, L, Deligny, O, Dhital, N, Di Giulio, C, Di Matteo, A, Diaz, J. C, Díaz Castro, M. L, Diogo, F, Dobrigkeit, C, Docters, W, D'Olivo, J. C, Dorofeev, A, Dorosti Hasankiadeh, Q, Dos Anjos, R. C, Dova, M. T, Ebr, J, Engel, R, Erdmann, M, Erfani, M, Escobar, C. O, Espadanal, J, Etchegoyen, A, Falcke, H, Fang, K, Farrar, G, Fauth, A. C, Fazzini, N, Ferguson, A. P, Fick, B, Figueira, J. M, Filevich, A, Filipčič, A, Fratu, O, Freire, M. M, Fujii, T, García, B, Garcia Gamez, D, Garcia Pinto, D, Gate, F, Gemmeke, H, Gherghel Lascu, A, Ghia, P. L, Giaccari, U, Giammarchi, M, Giller, M, Głas, D, Glaser, C, Glass, H, Golup, G, Gómez Berisso, M, Gómez Vitale, P. F, González, N, Gookin, B, Gordon, J, Gorgi, A, Gorham, P, Gouffon, P, Griffith, N, Grillo, A. F, Grubb, T. D, Guarino, F, Guedes, G. P, Hampel, M. R, Hansen, P, Harari, D, Harrison, T. A, Hartmann, S, Harton, J. L, Haungs, A, Hebbeker, T, Heck, D, Heimann, P, Herve, A. E, Hill, G. C, Hojvat, C, Hollon, N, Holt, E, Homola, P, Hörandel, J. R, Horvath, P, Hrabovský, M, Huber, D, Huege, T, Insolia, A, Isar, P. G, Jandt, I, Jansen, S, Jarne, C, Johnsen, J. A, Josebachuili, M, Kääpä, A, Kambeitz, O, Kampert, K. H, Kasper, P, Katkov, I, Keilhauer, B, Kemp, E, Kieckhafer, R. M, Klages, H. O, Kleifges, M, Kleinfeller, J, Krause, R, Krohm, N, Kuempel, D, Kukec Mezek, G, Kunka, N, Kuotb Awad, A. W, Lahurd, D, Latronico, L, Lauer, R, Lauscher, M, Lautridou, P, Le Coz, S, Lebrun, D, Lebrun, P, Leigui de Oliveira, M. A, Letessier Selvon, A, Lhenry Yvon, I, Link, K, Lopes, L, López, R, López Casado, A, Louedec, K, Lucero, A, Malacari, M, Mallamaci, M, Maller, J, Mandat, D, Mantsch, P, Mariazzi, A. G, Marin, V, Mariş, I. C, Marsella, Giovanni, Martello, Daniele, Martinez, H, Martínez Bravo, O, Martraire, D, Masías Meza, J. J, Mathes, H. J, Mathys, S, Matthews, J, Matthews, J. A. J, Matthiae, G, Maurizio, D, Mayotte, E, Mazur, P. O, Medina, C, Medina Tanco, G, Meissner, R, Mello, V. B. B, Melo, D, Menshikov, A, Messina, S, Micheletti, M. I, Middendorf, L, Minaya, I. A, Miramonti, L, Mitrica, B, Molina Bueno, L, Mollerach, S, Montanet, F, Morello, C, Mostafá, M, Moura, C. A, Muller, M. A, Müller, G, Müller, S, Navas, S, Necesal, P, Nellen, L, Nelles, A, Neuser, J, Nguyen, P. H, Niculescu Oglinzanu, M, Niechciol, M, Niemietz, L, Niggemann, T, Nitz, D, Nosek, D, Novotny, V, Nožka, L, Núñez, L. A, Ochilo, L, Oikonomou, F, Olinto, A, Pacheco, N, Pakk Selmi Dei, D, Palatka, M, Pallotta, J, Papenbreer, P, Parente, G, Parra, A, Paul, T, Pech, M, Pȩkala, J, Pelayo, R, Pepe, I. M, Perrone, Lorenzo, Petermann, E, Peters, C, Petrera, S, Petrov, Y, Phuntsok, J, Piegaia, R, Pierog, T, Pieroni, P, Pimenta, M, Pirronello, V, Platino, M, Plum, M, Porcelli, A, Porowski, C, Prado, R. R, Privitera, P, Prouza, M, Quel, E. J, Querchfeld, S, Quinn, S, Rautenberg, J, Ravel, O, Ravignani, D, Reinert, D, Revenu, B, Ridky, J, Risse, M, Ristori, P, Rizi, V, Rodrigues de Carvalho, W, Rodriguez Rojo, J, Rodríguez Frías, M. D, Rogozin, D, Rosado, J, Roth, M, Roulet, E, Rovero, A. C, Saffi, S. J, Saftoiu, A, Salazar, H, Saleh, A, Salesa Greus, F, Salina, G, Sanabria Gomez, J. D, Sánchez, F, Sanchez Lucas, P, Santos, E, Santos, E. M, Sarazin, F, Sarkar, B, Sarmento, R, Sarmiento Cano, C, Sato, R, Scarso, C, Schauer, M, Scherini, V, Schieler, H, Schmidt, D, Scholten, O, Schoorlemmer, H, Schovánek, P, Schröder, F. G, Schulz, A, Schulz, J, Schumacher, J, Sciutto, S. J, Segreto, A, Settimo, M, Shadkam, A, Shellard, R. C, Sigl, G, Sima, O, Śmiałkowski, A, Šmída, R, Snow, G. R, Sommers, P, Sonntag, S, Sorokin, J, Squartini, R, Srivastava, Y. N, Stanca, D, Stanič, S, Stapleton, J, Stasielak, J, Stephan, M, Stutz, A, Suarez, F, Suarez Durán, M, Suomijärvi, T, Supanitsky, A. D, Sutherland, M. S, Swain, J, Szadkowski, Z, Taborda, O. A, Tapia, A, Tepe, A, Theodoro, V. M, Timmermans, C, Todero Peixoto, C. J, Toma, G, Tomankova, L, Tomé, B, Tonachini, A, Torralba Elipe, G, Torres Machado, D, Travnicek, P, Trini, M, Ulrich, R, Unger, M, Urban, M, Valdés Galicia, J. F, Valiño, I, Valore, L, van Aar, G, van Bodegom, P, van den Berg, A. M, van Velzen, S, van Vliet, A, Varela, E, Vargas Cárdenas, B, Varner, G, Vasquez, R, Vázquez, J. R, Vázquez, R. A, Veberič, D, Verzi, V, Vicha, J, Videla, M, Villaseñor, L, Vlcek, B, Vorobiov, S, Wahlberg, H, Wainberg, O, Walz, D, Watson, A. A, Weber, M, Weidenhaupt, K, Weindl, A, Welling, C, Werner, F, Widom, A, Wiencke, L, Wilczyński, H, Winchen, T, Wittkowski, D, Wundheiler, B, Wykes, S, Yang, L, Yapici, T, Yushkov, A, Zas, E, Zavrtanik, D, Zavrtanik, M, Zepeda, A, Zimmermann, B, Ziolkowski, M, Elementary Particle Physics, and Physics

Subjects
Ciencias Físicas, Astronomy, General Physics and Astronomy, ultra-high energy cosmic rays, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, High Energy Physics - Experiment, purl.org/becyt/ford/1 [https], High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), CODALEMA, Observatory, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], GeneralLiterature_REFERENCE(e.g.,dictionaries,encyclopedias,glossaries), High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, Range (particle radiation), Radio detector, TUNKA-REX, Settore FIS/01 - Fisica Sperimentale, Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Radio Technique, Física nuclear, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, radio emission, CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS, Radio wave, [PHYS.ASTR.HE]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], [PHYS.ASTR.IM]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Physics and Astronomy (all), 0103 physical sciences, extensive air showers, High Energy Physics, ultra-high energy cosmic rays, extensive air showers, radio emission, 010306 general physics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Cosmic rays, Pierre Auger Observatory, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Radiant energy, Física, LOFAR, purl.org/becyt/ford/1.3 [https], ASTROFÍSICA, SIMULATIONS, Computational physics, Astronomía, COREAS, Experimental High Energy Physics, ARRAY, EMISSION, SIMULATIONS, LOFAR, EMISSION
Abstract

We measure the energy emitted by extensive air showers in the form of radio emission in the frequency range from 30 to 80 MHz. Exploiting the accurate energy scale of the Pierre Auger Observatory, we obtain a radiation energy of 15.8±0.7(stat)±6.7(syst) MeV for cosmic rays with an energy of 1 EeV arriving perpendicularly to a geomagnetic field of 0.24 G, scaling quadratically with the cosmic-ray energy. A comparison with predictions from state-of-the-art first-principles calculations shows agreement with our measurement. The radiation energy provides direct access to the calorimetric energy in the electromagnetic cascade of extensive air showers. Comparison with our result thus allows the direct calibration of any cosmic-ray radio detector against the well-established energy scale of the Pierre Auger Observatory., La lista completa de autores que integran el documento puede consultarse en el archivo, Instituto de Física La Plata

Published
2016

43. Calibration of photomultiplier tubes for the fluorescence detector of telescope array experiment using a Rayleigh scattered laser beam

Author

S. Udo, Nobuyuki Sakurai, Hiroyuki Sagawa, N. Inoue, Akimichi Taketa, Lawrence Wiencke, Stan B. Thomas, Toshihiro Fujii, John N. Matthews, S. Kawana, Shoichi Ogio, Masato Takita, Yoshiki Tsunesada, Masaki Fukushima, and H. Tokuno

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Photomultiplier, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Photon, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, FOS: Physical sciences, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Telescope, symbols.namesake, Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, Calibration, Rayleigh scattering, 010306 general physics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Instrumentation, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), symbols, Nitrogen laser, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, business, Beam (structure)
Abstract

We performed photometric calibration of the PhotoMultiplier Tube (PMT) and readout electronics used for the new fluorescence detectors of the Telescope Array (TA) experiment using Rayleigh scattered photons from a pulsed nitrogen laser beam. The experimental setup, measurement procedure, and results of calibration are described. The total systematic uncertainty of the calibration is estimated to be 7.2%. An additional uncertainty of 3.7% is introduced by the transport of the calibrated PMTs from the laboratory to the TA experimental site., 43 pages, 15 figures

Published
2012

44. The present status of the Telescope Array experiment

Author

K. Kasahara, John N. Matthews, T.-A. Shibata, Lawrence Wiencke, Gordon Thomson, Z. Cao, Robert Cady, Dmitri Ivanov, Toshiyuki Nonaka, H. Fujii, Douglas Bergman, K. Hibino, Masahiro Teshima, Pierre Sokolsky, K. Yamamoto, Taka Tomida, Naoaki Hayashida, O. A. Brusova, P. Huentemeyer, Takeshi Okuda, John Belz, M. Takeda, Akitoshi Oshima, Shingo Kawana, T. Yamakawa, Shunsuke Ozawa, Eiji Kido, Y. Kondo, Charlie Jui, Samuel Blake, Shoichi Ogio, Akimichi Taketa, Y. Tsuyuguchi, J. Yang, I. S. Cho, Yuichiro Tameda, K. Honda, Inkyu Park, Hiroyuki Sagawa, T. Fujii, Priti Shah, J. D. Smith, H. Kawai, M. Allen, Masaaki Tanaka, Y. J. Kwon, Hideyuki Ohoka, Toru Nakamura, Kenichi Kadota, Masato Takita, R. Azuma, N. Inoue, M. Ohnishi, Hyesung Kang, S. Udo, S. B. Thomas, S. W. Nam, S. Yoshida, A. Kitshugi, Y. Yamakawa, N. Yoshii, Kiyoshi Tanaka, K. Hayashi, Fumio Kakimoto, K. Martens, D. C. Rodriguez, Nobuyuki Sakurai, Y. Uchihori, Hideaki Shimodaira, R. Torii, Gareth Hughes, Tareq Abu-Zayyad, L. M. Scott, Hisono Tokuno, R. W. Springer, Tomohiro Matsuda, K. Kobayashi, Jyunsei Chiba, Dongsu Ryu, Michiyuki Chikawa, S. Iwamoto, Yoshiki Tsunesada, Daisuke Ikeda, S. R. Stratton, T. Fukuda, and Masaki Fukushima

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Systematic difference, business.industry, Detector, Scintillator, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, law.invention, Ground level, Telescope, Optics, Air shower, law, Ultra-high-energy cosmic ray, business
Abstract

The Telescope Array(TA) experiment located at western desert in Utah USA (N39.3,W112.9) is designed for observation of air shower from extreme high energy cosmic rays. The TA detector consists of 2 types of detector to enable a cross check on systematic difference from the two main methods of observation for the energy region. One is a Fluorescence detector (FD) for detecting fluorescence light from air shower and another is surface detector (SD) array for detecting air shower particles at ground level. Each SD consists of 2 layers of plastic scintillator with 3m 2 of surface and more sensitive to electromagnetic component in air shower. The full operation using 3FD stations and full SD array has started. Here we present the updated status of Telescope Array experiment.

Published
2009

45. Search for correlations between HiRes stereo events and active galactic nuclei

Author

R. C. Gray, B. T. Stokes, C. Song, B. C. Knapp, J. R. Thomas, John N. Matthews, J. H. Boyer, Segev BenZvi, L. M. Scott, A. O’Neill, R. Riehle, C. Cannon, O. A. Brusova, Pierre Sokolsky, Dale Tupa, G. Archbold, P. Hüntemeyer, Konstantin Belov, W. Deng, Douglas Bergman, N. Sasaki, C. B. Finley, M. M. Maestas, M. A. Kirn, S. A. Blake, Gordon Thomson, M. D. Roberts, R. W. Springer, E. J. Mannel, C. C. H. Jui, Steve Schnetzer, E. C. Loh, G. Sinnis, Gareth Hughes, S. B. Thomas, C. M. Hoffman, Michael H. Holzscheiter, Tareq Abu-Zayyad, B. F. Jones, M. Seman, Y. Fedorova, J. D. Smith, Kevin Reil, N. Manago, J. F. Amman, J. Findlay, D. Rodriguez, Z. Cao, Lawrence Wiencke, Dmitri Ivanov, R. Snow, John Belz, S. A. Moore, L. Perera, Xiang Zhang, L. J. Marek, K. Kim, M. Allen, William Hanlon, Rasha Abbasi, C. A. Painter, K. Martens, A. Zech, G. W. Burt, and S. R. Stratton

Subjects
Physics, Active galactic nucleus, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astrophysics (astro-ph), Northern Hemisphere, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, Positive correlation, 01 natural sciences, Auger, Data set, Correlation, 0103 physical sciences, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Southern Hemisphere
Abstract

We have searched for correlations between the pointing directions of ultrahigh energy cosmic rays observed by the High Resolution Fly's Eye experiment and Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) visible from its northern hemisphere location. No correlations, other than random correlations, have been found. We report our results using search parameters prescribed by the Pierre Auger collaboration. Using these parameters, the Auger collaboration concludes that a positive correlation exists for sources visible to their southern hemisphere location. We also describe results using two methods for determining the chance probability of correlations: one in which a hypothesis is formed from scanning one half of the data and tested on the second half, and another which involves a scan over the entire data set. The most significant correlation found occurred with a chance probability of 24%., 13 pages, 1 table, 5 figures

Published
2008

46. Telescope Array Experiment

Author

A. Ohshima, Shigeharu Udo, Shoichi Ogio, K. Ikuta, Hideaki Shimodaira, Michael J. Taylor, R. Azuma, Kiyoshi Tanaka, Y. Yamakawa, Hiroyuki Sagawa, T. Iguchi, J. D. Smith, H. Fujii, Yukio Uchihori, K. Hayashi, Yuichiro Tameda, R. Torii, Gareth Hughes, Z. Cao, K. Kadota, Nobuyuki Sakurai, K. Hashimoto, K. Hibino, M. Mostofa, Tareq Abu-Zayyad, H. Yamaoka, Fumio Kakimoto, Y. Kondo, John Belz, Y. Murano, Shunsuke Ozawa, Hideyuki Ohoka, Takayuki Tomida, Hisono Tokuno, M. Chikawa, H. Yoshii, T. Kanbe, T.-A. Shibata, Gordon Thomson, Akira Endo, K. Martens, T. Benno, Robert Cady, J. R. Thomas, Eiji Kido, Vincent B Wickwar, Y. Hayashi, R. W. Springer, Masato Takita, K. Doura, N. Hayashida, K. Miyata, Yoshiki Tsunesada, Daisuke Ikeda, Takaaki Ishii, S. R. Stratton, Tomohiro Matsuda, F. Cohen, Shingo Kawana, Masaki Fukushima, Thomas D. Wilkerson, S. Machida, John N. Matthews, Mayuko Minamino, Pierre Sokolsky, Noritaka Shimizu, M. Takeda, Masaaki Tanaka, Toshiyuki Nonaka, H. Kawai, Jyunsei Chiba, K. Misumi, S. Kawakami, P. Huentemeyer, N. Inoue, M. Ohnishi, C. C. H. Jui, S. B. Thomas, Takeshi Okuda, T. Doyle, Akimichi Taketa, Y. Wada, Lawrence Wiencke, Douglas Bergman, S. Yoshida, Katsuaki Kasahara, K. Hiyama, K. Honda, H. Tanaka, T. Matsuyama, Masahiro Teshima, and Toru Nakamura

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Cosmic ray, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, law.invention, Telescope, Optics, law, Observatory, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Detector array, Anisotropy, business, Hybrid data, Energy (signal processing)
Abstract

The TA observatory is a hybrid detector system consisting of both a surface detector array as well as a set of fluorescence detectors. The observatory will measure the energy spectrum, anisotropy and composition of ultra-high energy cosmic rays. The surface detectors are being deployed and the array should be complete by the end of February, 2007. We will soon be collecting hybrid data at the Telecope Array.

Published
2008

47. Search for point-like sources of cosmic rays with energies above 1018.5eV in the HiRes-I monocular data set

Author

B.M. Connolly, William Hanlon, Rasha Abbasi, L. Perera, S. A. Blake, M. D. Roberts, W. Deng, C. M. Hoffman, G. Sinnis, Y. Fedorova, Dale Tupa, C. B. Finley, John N. Matthews, Gareth Hughes, J. D. Smith, Tareq Abu-Zayyad, B. F. Jones, R. Riehle, R. W. Springer, Kevin Reil, R. C. Gray, C. A. Painter, B. T. Stokes, J. R. Thomas, L. M. Scott, K. Martens, M. A. Kirn, E. C. Loh, Pierre Sokolsky, A. Zech, M. M. Maestas, N. Manago, Z. Cao, S. A. Moore, G. Archbold, J. A.J. Matthews, Douglas Bergman, Segev BenZvi, Lawrence Wiencke, C. C. H. Jui, Konstantin Belov, J. Findlay, Xiang Zhang, John Belz, Steve Schnetzer, M. Sasaki, S. B. Thomas, C. Song, L. J. Marek, P. Hüntemeyer, A. O’Neill, D. Rodriguez, James F. Amann, S. Westerhoff, K. Kim, Gordon Thomson, and Michael H. Holzscheiter

Subjects
Physics, Monocular, Point source, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, media_common.quotation_subject, Northern Hemisphere, Astronomy, Flux, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Physics::Geophysics, Sky, 0103 physical sciences, Ultra-high-energy cosmic ray, 010306 general physics, Anisotropy, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, media_common
Abstract

We report the results of a search for point-like deviations from isotropy in the arrival directions of ultra-high energy cosmic rays in the northern hemisphere. In the monocular data set collected by the High-Resolution Fly's Eye, consisting of 1,525 events with energy exceeding 10^18.5 eV, we find no evidence for point-like excesses. We place 90% c.l. upper limits less than or equal to 0.8 cosmic rays/km^2yr on the flux from such sources as a function of position in the sky., Comment: 24 pages, 16 figures

Published
2007

48. Studies of systematic uncertainties in the estimation of the monocular aperture of the HiRes experiment

Author

B. F. Jones, A. O’Neill, K. Martens, John Belz, G. W. Burt, O. A. Brusova, A. Zech, Pierre Sokolsky, P. Hüntemeyer, L. M. Scott, C. B. Finley, L. J. Marek, Dale Tupa, William Hanlon, Rasha Abbasi, C. C. H. Jui, John N. Matthews, E. C. Loh, John Matthews, S. B. Thomas, B. T. Stokes, J. R. Thomas, R. W. Springer, Konstantin Belov, B. C. Connolly, G. Archbold, Lawrence Wiencke, N. Manago, W. Deng, Douglas Bergman, C. Song, S. Y. Ben Zvi, Steve Schnetzer, L. Perera, J. D. Smith, S. A. Blake, M. Sasaki, Xiang Zhang, M. D. Roberts, Kevin Reil, Gareth Hughes, J. F. Amman, M. M. Maestas, R. Riehle, Tareq Abu-Zayyad, Z. Cao, C. A. Painter, C. M. Hoffman, D. Rodriguez, G. Sinnis, S. A. Moore, S. Westerhoff, Y. Fedorova, K. Kim, M. A. Kirn, R. C. Gray, Gordon Thomson, and Michael H. Holzscheiter

Subjects
Physics, Monocular, business.industry, Aperture, Astrophysics (astro-ph), Monte Carlo method, Detector, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Cosmic ray, Interaction model, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Power law, 3. Good health, Computational physics, Air shower, Optics, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, business, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics
Abstract

We have studied several sources of systematic uncertainty in calculating the aperture of the High Resolution Fly's Eye experiment (HiRes) in monocular mode, primarily as they affect the HiRes-II site. The energy dependent aperture is determined with detailed Monte Carlo simulations of the air showers and the detector response. We have studied the effects of changes to the input energy spectrum and composition used in the simulation. A realistic shape of the input spectrum is used in our analysis in order to avoid biases in the aperture estimate due to the limited detector resolution. We have examined the effect of exchanging our input spectrum with a simple E^{-3} power law in the "ankle" region. Uncertainties in the input composition are shown to be significant for energies below about 10^{18} eV for data from the HiRes-II detector. Another source of uncertainties is the choice of the hadronic interaction model in the air shower generator. We compare the aperture estimate for two different models: QGSJet01 and SIBYLL 2.1. We also describe the implications of employing an atmospheric database with hourly measurements of the aerosol component, instead of using an average as has been used in our previously published measurements of the monocular spectra., Comment: 27 pages, 15 figures, revision

Published
2007

49. Anisotropy studies around the galactic centre at EeV energies with the Auger Observatory

Author

K. Daumiller, J. Sorokin, D. Gonzalez, Miroslav Pech, Marcio Aparecido Muller, Catherine Newman-Holmes, F. Suarez, D. Garcia-Pinto, A. Zepeda, A. Letessier-Selvon, H. O. Klages, Hernán Asorey, W. Slater, M. Zavrtanik, A. Zech, G. Miele, M. Ave, R. M. de Almeida, S. Maltezos, R. Meyhandan, M. D. Healy, K. Arisaka, L. Prado, I. Lhenry-Yvon, Francesc Ferrer, Andreas Kopmann, R. Mussa, X. Garrido, Jc Bacelar, E. Moreno, L. Perrone, A. Gorgi, O. Deligny, M. Gonçalves do Amaral, E. M. Santos, Helio Nogima, F. Arneodo, Mohsen Harakeh, D. R. Claes, D. Maurizio, N. Kunka, H. Glass, Jan Kuijpers, C. Di Giulio, I. C. Maris, Enrique Zas, E. Kemp, T. Beau, José Eduardo Martinez, Xavier Bertou, D. Torresi, B. R. Becker, Petr Schovanek, Bruce R. Dawson, Tim Huege, C. J. Todero Peixoto, C. H. Wiebusch, Jaime Alvarez-Muñiz, S. Westerhoff, Jörg R. Hörandel, T. Bergmann, B. Wilczynska, M. T. Dova, L. Nožka, T. Vo Van, F. Schüssler, C. Timmermans, L. A. de Carvalho, J. N. Capdevielle, J. Chye, A. Della Selva, C. Grunfeld, V. Tunnicliffe, J. Gitto, R. R. McNeil, A. Chou, L. Nellen, R. Piegaia, L. Villasenor, T. McCauley, Carola Dobrigkeit, A. Cordier, C. Bonifazi, H. Blümer, A. Lopez Agüera, S. Ostapchenko, T. Dang Quang, I. Valiño, A. Insolia, M. E. Mancenido, Milena Horvat, M. Kleifges, Esteban Roulet, C. Grupen, Andrej Filipcic, J. Knapp, Warner A. Miller, C. Aramo, Henrique M. J. Barbosa, Alan Watson, E. Armengaud, R. Gómez Herrero, R. A. Vázquez, R. Engel, Gualberto Avila, Ingomar Allekotte, M. Patel, H. Spinka, Heiko Geenen, G. Rodriguez, Dariusz Gora, E. J. Quel, A. Tripathi, S. Kuhlman, M. Barkhausen, S. B. Clay, R. Fonte, B. E. Smith, G. Mancarella, A. D. Supanitsky, Corinne Berat, M. Giller, C. Morello, R. Ticona, W. Tkaczyk, M. C. Medina, J. Rodríguez Martino, T. Yamamoto, T. Venters, J. Pallotta, J. Matthews, A. Ewers, V. Van Elewyck, O. Blanch-Bigas, Angela V. Olinto, A. Etchegoyen, E. Strazzeri, J. Kleinfeller, B. Garcia, C. Bleve, Oleg Kalashev, Luis A. Anchordoqui, C. Hojvat, J. C. Hamilton, P. D. J. Clark, A. C. Fauth, Carlos Escobar, M. A. L. de Oliveira, Marco Aglietta, P. Bernardini, D. Lebrun, V. Verzi, I. De Mitri, F. Montanet, Jose Chinellato, A. Haungs, S. Maldera, B. Revenu, C. Robledo, P. Gouffon, O. Pisanti, K.-H. Becker, O. Tascau, A. Grillo, D. D'Urso, M. Zha, Vincenzo Rizi, P. Younk, Y. Petrov, Giuseppe Longo, C. Alvarez, R. Cester, Jose A. Bellido, L. F. A. Oliveira, L. del Peral, D. V. Camin, F. Sanchez, D. Allard, A. Horneffer, Dusan Mandat, J. Aublin, L. Cazon, J. A. J. Matthews, C. Aguirre, P. Allison, Silvia Mollerach, R. Bonino, J. W. Cronin, J.R. Rodriguez Rojo, J. Rosado, Antonio Velarde, T. Pierog, J. C. D'Olivo, A. Menshikov, E. Fokitis, D. Rodríguez Frías, E. Parizot, J. M. Brunet, M. Ortiz, D. Warner, G. Sigl, Petr Travnicek, R. W. Clay, A. Fernandez, B. Fick, T. Paul, Alejandro Luis Veiga, T. Asch, J. Brack, T. Schmidt, H. Dembinski, M. A. DuVernois, A. Kusenko, N. Martinez, G. Medina, T. Nguyen Thi, A. Geranios, T. Bäcker, M. Kaducak, Fabian Gobbi, D. Semikoz, G. Wieczorek, J. F. Valdés Galicia, Karl-Heinz Kampert, Antonella Castellina, B. Keilhauer, N. Fazzini, A. Tonachini, H. C. Reis, M. Ambrosio, R. C. Shellard, H. J. Mathes, S. Reucroft, D. Harari, Matthias Leuthold, A. G. Mariazzi, C. Morris, G. Cataldi, S. Parlati, Francisco J. Blanco, H. Wahlberg, Bei Cai, G. Sequeiros, C. Roucelle, Darko Veberic, S. Coutu, A. M. van den Berg, Daniel Omar Badagnani, Luis N. Epele, Heino Falcke, M. Urban, J. Pouryamout, Lawrence Wiencke, G. Parente, D. Heck, P. Skelton, M. Gonzalez, R. Knapik, F. Arqueros, H. Schieler, J. Lee, M. Prouza, A. Smialkowski, Y. Kolotaev, N. Smetniansky De Grande, Bruno L. Lago, G. Navarra, N. G. Busca, V. M. Olmos-Gilbaja, C. Meurer, M. Tueros, W. J. M. de Mello, P. Darriulat, P. Bauleo, D. Fazio, J. G. Gonzalez, S. Harmsma, C. Rivière, A. Tamburro, M. Monasor, V. Scherini, Diego Melo, Segev BenZvi, Mario Scuderi, A. Dorofeev, J. Xu, M. Roth, R. Nichol, Gregory R Snow, P. Sommers, E. Menichetti, G. Matthiae, Corbin Covault, F. Gomez Albarracin, T. Suomijärvi, P. Blasi, P. Privitera, J. Gutiérrez, S. Robbins, A. Filevich, D. Pham Ngoc, R. Pelayo, J. Rautenberg, M. Iarlori, P. L. Ghia, Subir Sarkar, M. Boratav, P. Mantsch, M. Boháčová, U. Cotti, S. Hartmann, J. C. Diaz, R. Ulrich, J. Beatty, D. Martello, Juan Pablo Gongora, Martin Erdmann, J. Swain, M. Risse, German Ros, N. Nierstenhöfer, W. Fulgione, M. Hrabovský, D. Tscherniakhovski, R. Lopez, J. Pȩkala, J. R. T. de Mello Neto, A. Stutz, P. L. Biermann, Rossella Caruso, O. Martinez, S. J. Sciutto, M. I. Micheletti, G. Gelmini, P. Buchholz, P. O. Mazur, J. L. Harton, Piotr Homola, Marcos Santander, P. Facal San Luis, D. Zavrtanik, C. Wileman, D. Fuhrmann, J. Oehlschläger, O. Krömer, Z. Szadkowski, M. Ziolkowski, Beatriz B. Siffert, S. Petrera, J. Řídký, F. Guarino, D. Newton, T. Waldenmaier, G. P. Guedes, M. Malek, Radomir Smida, C. Delle Fratte, F. Salamida, B. Morales, T. N. Pham Thi, M. G. Winnick, G. Tristram, J. D. Hague, P. LeBrun, H. Wilczynski, P. Walker, P. Boghrat, L. Valore, D. Barnhill, M. Roberts, V. Grassi, A. Chiavassa, G. Salina, D. Nosek, G. Maurin, M. Gómez Berisso, O. Wainberg, T. A. Porter, A. Risi, C. Lachaud, R. Sato, B. Connolly, D. Monnier Ragaigne, J. Abraham, P. Billoir, A. Lucero, A. Meli, L. Garrard, S. L. C. Barroso, M. Videla, Thomas Hebbeker, B. S. Atulugama, M. Unger, J. C. Anjos, K. S. Caballero-Mora, Olaf Scholten, Humberto Ibarguen Salazar, S. Dagoret-Campagne, D. Nitz, D. Dornic, J. Chauvin, S. De Jong, C. De Donato, Miguel Mostafa, T. Ohnuki, P. Petrinca, M. McEwen, V. de Souza, S. Vorobiov, H. Gemmeke, A. F. Barbosa, M. Palatka, I. M. Pepe, A. C. Rovero, M. Gold, A. Tamashiro, K. Payet, L. Otero, I. Fleck, B. Rouillé-d'Orfeuil, P. Sokolsky, D. H. Koang, L. Voyvodic, G. A. Medina Tanco, S. Ferry, J., Abraham, M., Aglietta, C., Aguirre, D., Allard, I., Allekotte, P., Allison, C., Alvarez, J., Alvarez Muniz, M., Ambrosio, L., Anchordoqui, J. C., Anjo, C., Aramo, K., Arisaka, E., Armengaud, F., Arneodo, F., Arquero, T., Asch, H., Asorey, B. S., Atulugama, J., Aublin, M., Ave, G., Avila, J., Bacelar, T., Backer, D., Badagnani, A. F., Barbosa, H. M. J., Barbosa, M., Barkhausen, D., Barnhill, S. L. C., Barroso, P., Bauleo, J., Beatty, T., Beau, B. R., Becker, K. H., Becker, J. A., Bellido, S., Benzvi, C., Berat, T., Bergmann, Bernardini, Paolo, X., Bertou, P. L., Biermann, P., Billoir, O., Blanch Biga, F., Blanco, P., Blasi, Bleve, Carla, H., Blumer, P., Boghrat, M., Bohacova, C., Bonifazi, R., Bonino, M., Boratav, J., Brack, J. M., Brunet, P., Buchholz, N. G., Busca, K. S., Caballero Mora, B., Cai, D. V., Camin, J. N., Capdevielle, R., Caruso, A., Castellina, G., Cataldi, L., Cazon, R., Cester, J., Chauvin, A., Chiavassa, J. A., Chinellato, A., Chou, J., Chye, D., Clae, P. D. J., Clark, R. W., Clay, S. B., Clay, B., Connolly, A., Cordier, U., Cotti, S., Coutu, C. E., Covault, J., Cronin, S., Dagoret Campagne, T., Dang Quang, P., Darriulat, K., Daumiller, B. R., Dawson, R. M., de Almeida, L. A., de Carvalho, C., De Donato, S. J., de Jong, W. J. M. de Mello J., R., J. R. T., de Mello Neto, DE MITRI, Ivan, M. A. L., de Oliveira, V., de Souza, L., del Peral, O., Deligny, A., Della Selva, C., Delle Fratte, H., Dembinski, C., Di Giulio, J. C., Diaz, C., Dobrigkeit, J. C., D’Olivo, D., Dornic, A., Dorofeev, M. T., Dova, D., D’Urso, M. A., Duvernoi, R., Engel, L., Epele, M., Erdmann, C. O., Escobar, A., Etchegoyen, A., Ewer, P., Facal San Lui, H., Falcke, A. C., Fauth, D., Fazio, N., Fazzini, A., Fernandez, F., Ferrer, S., Ferry, B., Fick, A., Filevich, A., Filipcic, I., Fleck, E., Fokiti, R., Fonte, D., Fuhrmann, W., Fulgione, B., Garcia, D., Garcia Pinto, L., Garrard, X., Garrido, H., Geenen, G., Gelmini, H., Gemmeke, A., Geranio, P. L., Ghia, M., Giller, J., Gitto, H., Gla, F., Gobbi, M. S., Gold, F., Gomez Albarracin, M., Gomez Berisso, R., Gomez Herrero, M., Goncalves do Amaral, J. P., Gongora, D., Gonzalez, J. G., Gonzalez, M., Gonzalez, D., Gora, A., Gorgi, P., Gouffon, V., Grassi, A., Grillo, C., Grunfeld, C., Grupen, F., Guarino, G. P., Guede, J., Gutierrez, J. D., Hague, J. C., Hamilton, M. N., Harakeh, D., Harari, S., Harmsma, S., Hartmann, J. L., Harton, M. D., Healy, T., Hebbeker, D., Heck, C., Hojvat, P., Homola, J., Horandel, A., Horneffer, M., Horvat, M., Hrabovsky, M., Iarlori, A., Insolia, M., Kaducak, O., Kalashev, K. H., Kampert, B., Keilhauer, E., Kemp, H. O., Klage, M., Kleifge, J., Kleinfeller, R., Knapik, J., Knapp, D. H., Koang, Y., Kolotaev, A., Kopmann, O., Kromer, S., Kuhlman, J., Kuijper, N., Kunka, A., Kusenko, C., Lachaud, B. L., Lago, D., Lebrun, P., Lebrun, J., Lee, A., Letessier Selvon, M., Leuthold, I., Lhenry Yvon, G., Longo, R., Lopez, A., Lopez Aguera, A., Lucero, S., Maldera, M., Malek, S., Maltezo, Mancarella, Giovanni, M. E., Mancenido, D., Mandat, P., Mantsch, A. G., Mariazzi, I. C., Mari, Martello, Daniele, N., Martinez, J., Martinez, O., Martinez, H. J., Mathe, J., Matthew, J. A. J., Matthew, G., Matthiae, G., Maurin, D., Maurizio, P. O., Mazur, T., Mccauley, M., Mcewen, R. R., Mcneil, G., Medina, M. C., Medina, G., Medina Tanco, A., Meli, D., Melo, E., Menichetti, A., Menshikov, Meurer, C. h. r., R., Meyhandan, M. I., Micheletti, G., Miele, W., Miller, S., Mollerach, M., Monasor, D., Monnier Ragaigne, F., Montanet, B., Morale, C., Morello, E., Moreno, C., Morri, M., Mostafa', M. A., Muller, R., Mussa, G., Navarra, L., Nellen, C., Newman Holme, D., Newton, T., Nguyen Thi, R., Nichol, N., Nierstenhofer, D., Nitz, H., Nogima, D., Nosek, L., Nozka, J., Oehlschlager, T., Ohnuki, A., Olinto, L. F. A., Oliveira, V. M., Olmos Gilbaja, M., Ortiz, S., Ostapchenko, L., Otero, M., Palatka, J., Pallotta, G., Parente, E., Parizot, S., Parlati, M., Patel, T., Paul, K., Payet, M., Pech, J., Pekala, R., Pelayo, I. M., Pepe, Perrone, Lorenzo, S., Petrera, P., Petrinca, Y., Petrov, D., Pham Ngoc, T. N., Pham Thi, R., Piegaia, T., Pierog, O., Pisanti, T. A., Porter, J., Pouryamout, L. Prado J., R., P., Privitera, M., Prouza, E. J., Quel, J., Rautenberg, H. C., Rei, S., Reucroft, B., Revenu, J., Ridky, A., Risi, M., Risse, C., Riviere, V., Rizi, S., Robbin, M., Robert, C., Robledo, G., Rodriguez, D., Rodriguez Fria, J., Rodriguez Martino, J., Rodriguez Rojo, G., Ro, J., Rosado, M., Roth, C., Roucelle, B., Rouille' d’Orfeuil, E., Roulet, A. C., Rovero, F., Salamida, H., Salazar, G., Salina, F., Sanchez, M., Santander, E. M., Santo, S., Sarkar, R., Sato, V., Scherini, T., Schmidt, O., Scholten, P., Schovanek, F., Schussler, S. J., Sciutto, M., Scuderi, D., Semikoz, G., Sequeiro, R. C., Shellard, B. B., Siffert, G., Sigl, P., Skelton, W., Slater, N., Smetniansky De Grande, A., Smialkowski, R., Smida, B. E., Smith, G. R., Snow, P., Sokolsky, P., Sommer, J., Sorokin, H., Spinka, E., Strazzeri, A., Stutz, F., Suarez, T., Suomijarvi, A. D., Supanitsky, J., Swain, Z., Szadkowski, A., Tamashiro, A., Tamburro, O., Tascau, R., Ticona, C., Timmerman, W., Tkaczyk, C. J., Todero Peixoto, A., Tonachini, D., Torresi, P., Travnicek, A., Tripathi, G., Tristram, D., Tscherniakhovski, M., Tuero, V., Tunnicliffe, R., Ulrich, M., Unger, M., Urban, J. F., Valdes Galicia, I., Valino, L., Valore, A. M., van den Berg, V., van Elewyck, R. A., Vazquez, D., Veberic, A., Veiga, A., Velarde, T., Venter, V., Verzi, M., Videla, L., Villasenor, T., Vo Van, S., Vorobiov, L., Voyvodic, H., Wahlberg, O., Wainberg, T., Waldenmaier, P., Walker, D., Warner, A. A., Watson, S., Westerhoff, C., Wiebusch, G., Wieczorek, L., Wiencke, B., Wilczynska, H., Wilczynski, C., Wileman, M. G., Winnick, J., Xu, T., Yamamoto, P., Younk, E., Za, D., Zavrtanik, M., Zavrtanik, A., Zech, A., Zepeda, M., Zha, M., Ziolkowski, APC - Astrophysique des Hautes Energies (APC - AHE), AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Dipartimento di Astronomia, Universita degli Studi di Bologna, Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO)-Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), APC - Cosmologie, Physique Corpusculaire et Cosmologie - Collège de France (PCC), Collège de France (CdF)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, APC - THEORIE, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut für theoretische Physik, Universität Hamburg (UHH)-Universität Hamburg (UHH), PIERRE AUGER, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut für theoretische Physik, Guarino, Fausto, Longo, Giuseppe, Aramo, Carla, DELLA SELVA, Angelo, Miele, Gennaro, Pisanti, Ofelia, Valore, Laura, D'Urso, Domenico, Auger, Collaboration, Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Dipartimento di Astronomia, Universita degli Studi di Bologna, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO)-Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut für theoretische Physik

Subjects
[SDU.ASTR.CO]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], Astronomy, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, media_common.quotation_subject, FOS: Physical sciences, Osservatorio Pierre Auger, Flux, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Auger, [PHYS.ASTR.CO]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], Raggi cosmici, Observatory, 0103 physical sciences, Anisotropies, Centro galattico, Galactic centre, Cosmic rays, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Ciencias Exactas, media_common, Pierre Auger Observatory, Physics, [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Anisotropie, centro galáctico, Astrophysics (astro-ph), Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Gamma ray, Física, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Radiación cósmica, Anisotropía, Galaxy, Sky, Experimental High Energy Physics
Abstract

Data from the Pierre Auger Observatory are analyzed to search for anisotropies near the direction of the Galactic Centre at EeV energies. The exposure of the surface array in this part of the sky is already significantly larger than that of the fore-runner experiments. Our results do not support previous findings of localized excesses in the AGASA and SUGAR data. We set an upper bound on a point-like flux of cosmic rays arriving from the Galactic Centre which excludes several scenarios predicting sources of EeV neutrons from Sagittarius $A$. Also the events detected simultaneously by the surface and fluorescence detectors (the `hybrid' data set), which have better pointing accuracy but are less numerous than those of the surface array alone, do not show any significant localized excess from this direction., Comment: Matches published version

Published
2007

50. A likelihood method for measuring the ultrahigh energy cosmic ray composition

Author

B.M. Connolly, D. Rodriguez, A. O’Neill, R. Snow, Douglas Bergman, John N. Matthews, S. Westerhoff, Gordon Thomson, K. Kim, Lawrence Wiencke, M. A. Kirn, John Matthews, W. Deng, M. Sasaki, N. Manago, J. Findlay, John Belz, Michael H. Holzscheiter, B. T. Stokes, S. A. Blake, M. Seman, M. D. Roberts, J. R. Thomas, L. J. Marek, Z. Cao, R. W. Springer, J. H. Boyer, K. Martens, Gareth Hughes, Dale Tupa, A. Zech, C. M. Hoffman, Tareq Abu-Zayyad, G. Sinnis, C. C. H. Jui, J. F. Amman, Y. Fedorova, S. B. Thomas, P. Hüntemeyer, C. B. Finley, G. Archbold, Pierre Sokolsky, E. J. Mannel, R. Riehle, E. C. Loh, M. M. Maestas, Konstantin Belov, B. C. Knapp, G. W. Burt, L. Perera, Steve Schnetzer, William Hanlon, Rasha Abbasi, Segev BenZvi, Kevin Reil, J. D. Smith, and C. A. Painter

Subjects
Physics, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics (astro-ph), Detector, Hadron, FOS: Physical sciences, Flux, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Cosmic ray, Function (mathematics), Astrophysics, Spectral line, Computational physics, Distribution (mathematics), Energy (signal processing)
Abstract

Air fluorescence detectors traditionally determine the dominant chemical composit ion of the ultrahigh energy cosmic ray flux by comparing the averaged slant depth of the shower maximum, $X_{max}$, as a function of energy to the slant depths expect ed for various hypothesized primaries. In this paper, we present a method to make a direct measurement of the expected mean number of protons and iron by comparing the shap es of the expected $X_{max}$ distributions to the distribution for data. The advantages of this method includes the use of information of the full distribution and its ability to calculate a flux for various cosmic ray compositi ons. The same method can be expanded to marginalize uncertainties due to choice of spectra, hadronic models and atmospheric parameters. We demonstrate the technique with independent simulated data samples from a parent sample of protons and iron. We accurately predict the number of protons and iron in the parent sample and show that the uncertainties are meaningful., 11 figures, 22 pages, accepted by Astroparticle Physics

Published
2006

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