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We present results for YbAl$_3$ which show that the susceptibility $\chi(T)$, 4f occupation number $n_f(T)$ and the entropy $S(T)$ exhibit a slow crossover between the Fermi liquid and local moment regimes. In addition both $\chi(T)$ and the linear specific heat coefficient $\gamma = C/T$ exhibit low temperature peaks that imply that in addition to the Kondo scale ($T_K$ $\approx $ 500K) there is a second low temperature scale ($T_coh$ ^M$\approx $ 50K) for the onset of coherence. We discuss these results in the context of Nozieres' exhaustion in the Anderson lattice.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to determine the association between a Mediterranean diet and glycemic control and other cardiovascular risk factors among youth with type I diabetes (TID). SUBJECTS/METHODS: Incident TID cases aged < 20 years at diagnosis between 2002 and 2005 were included. Participants were seen at baseline (N = 793), 1-year (N = 512) and 5-year follow-up visits (N = 501). Mediterranean diet score was assessed using a modified KIDMED index (mKIDMED). Multivariate linear regression and longitudinal mixed model were applied to determine the association between mKIDMED score and log-HbA1c, lipids, blood pressure (BP) and obesity. RESULTS: In cross-sectional analyses using baseline data, for individuals with the hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) of 7.5%, a two-point higher mKIDMED score (1 s.d.) was associated with 0.15% lower HbA1c (P = 0.02). A two-point higher mKIDMED score was associated with 4.0 mg/dl lower total cholesterol (TC) (P =0.006), 3.4 mg/dl lower low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (P = 0.004), 3.9 mg/dl lower non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) (P = 0.004) and 0.07 lower LDL-C/HDL-C ratio (P = 0.02). Using longitudinal data, a two-point increase in mKIDMED score was associated with 0.01% lower log-HbA1c (P = 0.07), 1.8 mg/dl lower TC (P =0.05), 1.6 mg/dl lower LDL-C (P = 0.03) and 1.8 mg/dl lower non-HDL-C (P = 0.03) than would otherwise have been expected. HbA1c mediated ~ 20% of the association for lipids in both cross-sectional and longitudinal models. An unexpected positive association between mKIDMED score and systolic BP was found among non-Hispanic white youth in cross-sectional analyses (P = 0.009). Mediterranean diet was not associated with obesity. CONCLUSIONS: Mediterranean diet may improve glycemic control and cardiovascular health in TID youth. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition (2016) 70, 802-807; doi: 10.1038/ejcn.2016.8; published online 24 February 2016, INTRODUCTION Type I diabetes (TID) is associated with 2-4 fold-increased risk in cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. (1,2) Poor glycemic control is commonly seen in youth with TID, (3) contributing further [...]

Understanding the nutritional requirements of Lytechinus variegatus is essential to define its role in the marine environment and necessary for successful culture of this species. Protein is an essential component for growth, yet the requirements for protein in most marine organisms are not known. Small Lytechinus variegatus (ca. 14 mm diameter, n = 160) were collected at St. Joseph Bay, Florida in March 2000. They were held in aquaria and fed ad libitum one of four diets varying in protein concentration (9, 15, 21, or 33% dry weight) for 14 weeks. Diets [greater than or equal to] 21% dry weight protein were sufficient for maximal growth and survivorship. Individuals fed a diet low in protein compensated by consuming higher quantities of food per gram wet weight. However, the protein was insufficient to support maximal growth and survivorship. Total dry matter absorption, protein absorption, and carbohydrate absorption of the prepared feeds were higher than reported for natural diets. Total production and production efficiency was lowest in those fed the low-protein diet. Gonad production occurred in individuals with test diameters smaller than reported previously in field populations and was lowest in those fed the low-protein diet. The acini of both females and males were predominantly composed of nutritive phagocytes, suggesting that growing L. variegatus use the gonad primarily as a nutrient storage organ and not for reproduction. In females the growth rate of oocytes increased with dietary protein. In males, protein concentration [greater than or equal to] 21% resulted in an increase in the volume of germinal epithelium and a decrease in the volume of nutritive phagocytes. The minimal requirement for protein in L. variegatus from approximately 1 g to 15 g total weight is > 15% dry weight for the conditions of this experiment. The requirement for a diet > 15% protein corroborates with field studies that indicate L. variegatus consumes epibionts and animal tissues preferentially to seagrass, and that the microbial, microfloral, and microfaunal community living on the seagrass may provide the extra protein required for growth and survival of small L. variegatus.

Individual Ophiuroids tale approximately 720 days to regenerate three arms, which greatly influences gonad production in females than in males. Data indicate that arm regeneration in Ophiocoma echinata is about 0.07 kJ per metersquare per day, which translates to 0.07% of primary production on a reef.

Arm regeneration in Ophiocoma echinata (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) is discussed relative to energy storage and gonad production. Regeneration may lower reproductive output and energy reserves.

Inelastic neutron scattering (INS) was used for determining the crystalline electric field (CEF) energy level scheme of the heavy fermion superconductor CeCoIn5. The orbital fluctuations contributing to superconductivity are affected by the shape of the f orbitals under the influence of the CEF.

[Pr.sub.3]In has displayed an antiferrromagnetic transition at 12K, which might be due to the exchange-generated admixture of higher lying crystal field levels into the singlet ground state. A clear dispersion of a crystal field excitation is observed at 4K and the dispersion of the crystal field excitation has vanished above 100K.

Juveniles (ca. 14 mm diameter, n=120) were collected at St. Joseph Bay, FL in March 2000. They were held in 80 L aquaria with artificial seawater at 21 C and 32 ppt salinity. The juveniles were fed ad libitum one of four isocaloric diets varying in protein concentration (14, 23, 32 or 50%) for 14 weeks. Test diameters increased from 14 mm to 19.8, 29.4, 30.5, or 32.6 mm in individuals fed the 14, 23, 32, or 50% protein diet, respectively. Total wet weights increased from 1.06 g to 4.7, 13.7, 14.4, or 16.5 g in individuals fed the 14, 23, 32, or 50% protein diet, respectively. Specific growth rates were 1.7, 2.9, 2.9, or 3.1% body wet weight increase per day. At week 14, gonad indices (wet gonad/ wet weight x 100) were 2.5, 7.4, 7.2 or 9.1 for the 14, 23, 32, or 50% protein diet, respectively. Apparent dry matter digestibility, measured on week 5 and 10, ranged from 83 to 90% (lowest in those fed the low protein diet) and did not change over time. Survivorship was 100% in individuals fed the 32 or 50% protein diet, but was reduced to 77 or 70% in those fed the 14 or 23% protein diet. Low concentrations of dietary protein influenced growth rate, gonad production, and survivorship, but had minimal influence on absorption efficiency. Gonad production occurred in individuals whose diameters were smaller than reported previously in field populations. The requirement for a protein diet of [is greater than] 23% corroborates with ecological studies that indicate L. variegatus preferentially consumes epibionts and animal tissues in preference to seagrasses. Funded by Mississippi-Alabama Sea Grant.

Ecological studies suggest that nutrition, particularly dietary protein, affects nutrient storage and reproductive competency. Starved urchins (ca. 36 mm diameter, n=12) were held in replicated (3x) 80 L aquaria with artificial seawater at 21 C and 32 ppt salinity for each diet treatment. The urchins were fed one of three isocaloric diets containing 14 (L), 32 (M) or 50% (H) protein ad libitum for a 10-week period. The mean gonad index increased from 0.3 to 10.7, 11.3, and 12.7 for the L, M, and H protein diets, respectively. The gonad contained 25.7, 31.2, and 41.2% protein and 47.3, 39.7, and 24.6% carbohydrate for the L, M, and H protein diets, respectively. Lipid level averaged 19-22% and did not vary significantly with diet. Histological evaluation of ovaries suggest that females fed a H protein diet had increased gametogenic activity in the germinal epithelium and larger numbers of mature and maturing oocytes as compared to those fed a L protein diet. Similarly, males fed a H protein diet had increased gametogenic activity in the germinal epithelium; those individuals fed a L protein diet appeared to resorb numerous gametes. Individuals fed a H protein diet had nutritive phagocytes containing a hematoxylin-positive, protein-rich cytoplasm; in individuals fed the L protein diet the cytoplasm appeared to contain dispersed protein granules. These data indicate that the proximate composition of the gonad reflects the composition of the diet. Dietary protein affects gametogenic activity and the composition of the nutritive phagocytes. Funded by Mississippi-Alabama Sea Grant.