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With the explosion of urbanization, more and more small residential areas with high population density, tiny houses, and narrow roads are formed. As a result, it is challenging for large fire engines to penetrate these areas in the event of a fire incident. In this paper, a compact firefighting vehicle was designed based on the SNAPPER LT140H331KV lawn mower. The vehicle is equipped with a water sprayer system and a folding frame water tank. The water sprayer system transmits power from the lawn mower transmission’s power take-off shaft via the belt and chain drive, which can spray water at a height of about 13 m with a flow rate of 38 L/min. The 500-liter folding frame water tank has a rectangular shape that can be folded and dragged as a trailer. The water sprayer system and folding frame water tank not only have a simple, compact structure but also do not affect the lawn mowing function. This fire truck has a maximum speed of about 15 km/h and can move in a minimal road width of only 1.3 m, which is accommodation for residential areas within a 1÷2 km radius with narrow roads, high density of population and houses in least developed and developing countries (e.g., Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia), where the normal fire engines are difficult to access in time. Besides, the vehicle can be used for watering and spraying pesticides on gardens and small premises. The study has proposed a valuable solution to take advantage of vehicle functions to improve their convenience and usefulness.

Background: Riding lawn mower injuries are the most common cause of major limb loss in young U.S. children. Our study objective was to investigate the circumstances surrounding pediatric riding lawn mower injuries and to identify potential contributing risk factors and behaviors leading to these events. Methods: Followers/members of both a public and a private lawn mower injury support and prevention Facebook page who had or were aware of children who had suffered a lawn mower-related injury were invited to complete an electronic survey on Qualtrics. Duplicate cases and those involving push mowers were removed. Frequencies and chi-square analyses were performed. Results: 140 injured children were identified with 71% of surveys completed by parents and 19% by an adult survivor of a childhood incident. The majority of injured children were Caucasian (94%), male (64%), and ≤ 5 years of age at the time of the incident (63%). Bystanders were 69% of those injured, 24% were lawn mower riders, and mower operators and others accounted for 7%. The lawn mower operator was usually male (77%), being the father/stepfather in almost half. Overall, 59% of injuries occurred while traveling in reverse, 29% while moving forward. Nearly all (92%) had an amputation and/or permanent disability. Subgroup analysis (n = 130) found injured bystanders were younger than injured passengers with 71% versus 45% being < 5 years of age, respectively (p = 0.01). Over three-quarters of bystander incidents occurred while moving in reverse as compared to 17% of passenger incidents (p < 0.01). Amputations and/or permanent disabilities were greater among bystanders (97%) as compared to passengers (79%, p = 0.01). Only 3% of bystanders had an upper extremity injury as compared to 21% of passengers (p = 0.01). Seventy-three percent of bystander victims had received at least one ride on a lawn mower prior to their injury incident. Conclusions: Child bystanders seriously injured by riding lawn mowers were frequently given prior rides likely desensitizing them to their inherent dangers and leading them to seek rides when mowers were being used. Engineering changes preventing blade rotation when traveling in reverse and not giving children rides (both when and when not mowing) may be critical in preventing mower-related injuries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Smart Garden is a system design created to make work in plantations easier. Currently, most Indonesians use sling type lawn mowers because they are cheap but can causing noise and air pollution. It can also cause CTDS in users due to bad posture while using the tool. The researchers innovated an IoT-based automatic cutting machine. Where in the machine application, the machine can be moved using a smartphone connected using bluetooth. Which consists of two options, namely machine and vacuum. The REBA method are used to analyzing ergonomics for all parts of the body and a usability method which will determine the extent to which the product can achieve effectiveness, efficiency and comfort. This data collection was carried out by distributing the SUS questionnaire. The REBA results showed that the average body posture at moderate risk had a score of 7.8 and 9 which required further analysis of the bent posture even though it was still classified as moderate. Meanwhile, the results of the usability approach use a questionnaire as a reference for processing data. From this data, users can accept the presence of the Control Smart System Application and are quite satisfied with the interface used.

Background: Lawn mower-related injuries (LMIs) represent a complex spectrum of pathology with significant public health ramifications. The purpose of this study was to analyze the epidemiological factors associated with lawn mower upper extremity amputations., Methods: The National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) database was queried from 2014 to 2023. National case estimates were established for upper extremity amputation events secondary to lawn mowers using diagnostic and injury-specific coding parameters. Documented cases from NEISS-participating hospitals were evaluated and injury data surrounding individual amputation events were analyzed., Results: An estimated 17 509 upper extremity amputations occurred from 2014 to 2023 secondary to LMI in the United States. Annual case estimates and incidence rates remained relatively uniform across the 10-year study period. Most injuries were estimated to occur in 50- to 59-year-old patients. Case record review from pooled participating NEISS hospitals yielded 469 cases of upper extremity amputation directly associated with LMI from 2014 to 2023. Ninety-one percent of cases occurred in men, and most events involved the amputation of a finger (97%). Most cases of lawn mower-associated injury involved the amputation of the middle digit (41.6%) in isolation (64% of cases involved amputation of 1 digit)., Conclusions: Despite advances in product safety and consumer education, the estimated frequency and incidence rate of upper extremity amputations secondary to LMI has remained largely unchanged over the past 10 years. When these events did occur, 40- to 60-year-old men were most often involved, most commonly leading to amputation of the third finger in isolation., Competing Interests: Declaration of Conflicting InterestsThe author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

IntroductionThe most important adverse effects of noise on humans have reduced work efficiency and physiological damaging effects such as increased heart rate, high blood pressure, permanent and temporary hearing loss, impaired vision, disrupting the body's balance system, causing nervous disorders and even nervous disorders. Much of the occupational disturbance is due to acoustic vibrations in agricultural mechanization, which is affecting a large number of farmers. In this regard, most of the noise and vibration come from two-stroke or four-stroke engines that are used in lawn mowers, sprayers, pits and more. These high-vibration equipment causes a great deal of damage to their operators. Portable lawn mowers are popular for working in urban and rural areas due to their low cost, low maintenance cost, high maneuverability and affordability. Therefore, the possibility of optimizing the muffler of a small combustion engine for a lawn mower was investigated and studied in the present stud.Materials and MethodsTo optimize the existing muffler, geometry of the factory muffler was first redesigned in solidworks 2014 software. Then the optimized muffler, along with the factory muffler exported into ANSYS CFX software and simulated in terms of velocity and pressure distributions. To evaluate the built muffler and compare its performance with the factory standard muffler, the mufflers were then mounted on a DOMA’s lawnmower model WPGD501 with a 42 cm3 engine volume and tested outdoors in a radius of 5 m. All sound recording tests were performed in steady state at a distance of 1m with a 45° angle and position along the exhaust outlet to reconstruct the user's ear position. A digital thermometer TEM-8820 and a PSA-V01 digital barometer were used to measure the sound pressure and an environment temperature.Results and DiscussionThe results showed that at 3000 rpm, the sound pressure level of the modified muffler decreased by 6.4% compared to the modified muffler. The same decrease in sound pressure level was achieved at 5000 rpm, equal to 4.5%. The results of this study showed that with increasing engine speed, pressure changes in the muffler had an upward trend. These changes in the modified muffler increased by 0.02 kPa at 3000 rpm and by 0.07 kPa at 5000 rpm. According to the outputs of the FFT diagrams, the intensity and amplitude of the output frequencies from the modified muffler significantly decreased almost at most frequencies. Therefore, effective pressure difference (ΔPrms) was used for the further investigations. The results of this study showed that the pressure changes in the muffler had an upward trend with increasing the engine speed. These changes in the modified muffler increased by 0.02 kPa at 3000 rpm and by 0.07 kPa at 5000 rpm.ConclusionsAccording to the results of the present study, by optimizing the internal muffler geometry of the lawn-mowers by installing internal blades and neutralizing the sound intensity inside the muffler, it is possible to reduce the sound pressure level by 4% to about 7% over the original muffler. It is a very simple and inexpensive method for the manufacturers of such engines.

The continuous increase in the cost of fuel and the effect of emission of gases from burned fuel into the atmosphere when operating engine powered lawn mower has necessitated the use of the abundant solar energy from the sun as a power source of a lawn mower. A solar powered lawn mower was designed, fabricated and assembled on the basis of the general principle of mowing. The components of the lawn mower are; direct current (DC) motor, rechargeable battery, solar panel, galvanized steel blade of various thicknesses and shapes, and a speed controller. The required torque needed to drive the galvanized steel blade was achieved through the DC motor. The speed of the DC motor was controlled by the speed controller with the resistance in the circuit and allowed the motor to drive the blade at varied speeds. The battery recharged through the solar charging circuit, which comprises of a solar panel and charge controller. Performance evaluation was conducted on the developed mower with various thicknesses (1 mm, 1.5 mm and 2 mm) and shapes of the cutting blade (two, three and four blades). It was found that the cutting efficiency of the mower ranges from 70.50% - 84.10%, also the cutting capacity ranges from 0.05 ha h-1 - 0.27 ha h-1, the uncut area was also found to range from 15.90% - 29.50%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction The most important adverse effects of noise on humans have reduced work efficiency and physiological damaging effects such as increased heart rate, high blood pressure, permanent and temporary hearing loss, impaired vision, disrupting the body's balance system, causing nervous disorders and even nervous disorders. Much of the occupational disturbance is due to acoustic vibrations in agricultural mechanization, which is affecting a large number of farmers. In this regard, most of the noise and vibration come from two-stroke or four-stoke engines that are used in lawn mowers, sprayers, pits and more. These high-vibration equipment causes a great deal of damage to their operators. Portable lawn mowers are popular for working in urban and rural areas due to their low cost, low maintenance cost, high maneuverability and affordability. Therefore, the possibility of optimizing the muffler of a small combustion engine for a lawn mower was investigated and studied in the present stud. Materials and Methods To optimize the existing muffler, geometry of the factory muffler was first redesigned in solidworks 2014 software. Then the optimized muffler, along with the factory muffler exported into ANSYS CFX software and simulated in terms of velocity and pressure distributions. To evaluate the built muffler and compare its performance with the factory standard muffler, the mufflers were then mounted on a DOMA's lawnmower model WPGD501 with a 42 Cm engine volume and tested outdoors in a radius of 5 m. All sound recording tests were performed in steady state at a distance of lm with a 45٥ angle and position along the exhaust outlet to reconstruct the user's ear position. A digital thermometer TEM-8820 and a PSA-vol digital barometer were used to measure the sound pressure and an environment temperature. Results and Discussion The results showed that at 3000 rpm, the sound pressure level of the modified muffler decreased by 6.4٥/o compared to the modified muffler. The same decrease in sound pressure level was achieved at 5000 rpm, equal to 4.5٥/٠. The results of this study showed that with increasing engine speed, pressure changes in the muffler had an upward trend. These changes in the modified muffler increased by 0.02 kPa at 3000 rpm and by 0.07 kPa at 5000 rpm. According to the outputs of the FFT diagrams, the intensity and amplitude of the output frequencies from the modified muffler significantly decreased almost at most frequencies. Therefore, effective pressure difference (APrms) was used for the further investigations. The results of this study showed that the pressure changes in the muffler had an upward trend with increasing the engine speed. These changes in the modified muffler increased by 0.02 kPa at 3000 rpm and by 0.07 kPa at 5000 rpm. Conclusions According to the results of the present study, by optimizing the internal muffler geometry of the lawn-mowers by installing internal blades and neutralizing the sound intensity inside the muffler, it is possible to reduce the sound pressure level by 4% to about 7% over the original muffler. It is a very simple and inexpensive method for the manufacturer of such engines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cost of fuel is getting increased and the effect of gases being emitted from the burnt fuel is weakening the ozone layer. Carbon emission has also become a big challenge in today's world. Therefore, by using solar power, we can reduce carbon footprints. Lawn mowers are becoming popular now-a-days. Grass cutting being a tedious work for human beings, can be simplified by using an automatic grass cutter, which can be performed without a physical person being present. While cutting the grass, there are some obstacles, which obstruct the cutting of grass and sometimes the blades of the machine get damaged, so it is necessary to avoid obstacles. For that we have to identify the obstacles first and then we have to change the path of the lawn mower. Supplying power to the lawn mower is a big issue while designing the model. In this paper, the authors have used a solar panel to charge the battery and the power stored in the battery is utilized to power the electric motors, which will rotate the blades to cut the grass. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Investigate the epidemiology of lawn mower-related injuries to children in the US.Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted of children younger than 18years of age treated in US emergency departments for a lawn mower-related injury from 1990 through 2014 using data from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System.Results: An estimated 212,258 children <18years of age received emergency treatment for lawn mower-related injuries from 1990 through 2014, equaling an average annual rate of 11.9 injuries per 100,000 US children. The annual injury rate decreased by 59.9% during the 25-year study period. The leading diagnosis was a laceration (38.5%) and the most common body region injured was the hand/finger (30.7%). Struck by (21.2%), cut by (19.9%), and contact with a hot surface (14.1%) were the leading mechanisms of injury. Patients <5years old were more likely (RR 7.01; 95% CI: 5.69-8.64) to be injured from contact with a hot surface than older patients. A projectile was associated with 49.8% of all injuries among patients injured as bystanders. Patients injured as passengers or bystanders were more likely (RR 3.77; 95% CI: 2.74-5.19) to be admitted to the hospital than lawnmower operators.Conclusions: Lawn mower-related injuries continue to be a cause of serious morbidity among children. Although the annual injury rate decreased significantly over the study period, the number of injuries is still substantial, indicating the need for additional prevention efforts. In addition to educational approaches, opportunities exist for improvements in mower design and lawn mower safety standards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]