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2. Transcriptional changes during crown-root development and emergence in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)

Author

Dieu Thu Nguyen, Filip Zavadil Kokáš, Mathieu Gonin, Jérémy Lavarenne, Myriam Colin, Pascal Gantet, and Véronique Bergougnoux

Subjects
Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), Crown roots, Transcriptome, Emergence, Botany, QK1-989
Abstract

Abstract Background Roots play an important role during plant growth and development, ensuring water and nutrient uptake. Understanding the mechanisms regulating their initiation and development opens doors towards root system architecture engineering. Results Here, we investigated by RNA-seq analysis the changes in gene expression in the barley stem base of 1 day-after-germination (DAG) and 10DAG seedlings when crown roots are formed. We identified 2,333 genes whose expression was lower in the stem base of 10DAG seedlings compared to 1DAG seedlings. Those genes were mostly related to basal cellular activity such as cell cycle organization, protein biosynthesis, chromatin organization, cytoskeleton organization or nucleotide metabolism. In opposite, 2,932 genes showed up-regulation in the stem base of 10DAG seedlings compared to 1DAG seedlings, and their function was related to phytohormone action, solute transport, redox homeostasis, protein modification, secondary metabolism. Our results highlighted genes that are likely involved in the different steps of crown root formation from initiation to primordia differentiation and emergence, and revealed the activation of different hormonal pathways during this process. Conclusions This whole transcriptomic study is the first study aiming at understanding the molecular mechanisms controlling crown root development in barley. The results shed light on crown root emergence that is likely associated with a strong cell wall modification, death of the cells covering the crown root primordium, and the production of defense molecules that might prevent pathogen infection at the site of root emergence.

Published
2024
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5. Perceptions and behaviour of pregnant women in socioeconomic deprivation in rural areas. A qualitative study in France

Author

Aurélie Cabaillot, Marine Lavarenne, Julie Vaure Chiffre, Frédéric Tessieres, Mathilde Vicard Olagne, Catherine Laporte, and Philippe Vorilhon

Subjects
pregnancy, prenatal care, qualitative research, rural areas, semi‐structured interviews, socioeconomic deprivation, Medicine (General), R5-920, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

Abstract Background Socioeconomic deprivation (SED) is a risk factor for complications during pregnancy and childbirth, the impact of which has been studied poorly in rural areas. Aims To explore the perceptions and behaviour of women living in SED in a rural area with regard to their pregnancy follow‐up. Methods A qualitative study using semi‐structured individual interviews was carried out in a rural area in central France. To participate, the women had to have an Evaluation of Deprivation and Inequalities in Health Examination Centres deprivation score ≥ 30.17, be living in a rural area and have given birth during the month before the interview. The interviews were analysed using a thematic approach inspired by grounded theory. Results Seventeen women were interviewed. The difficulties of life in a rural area were linked to geographical remoteness, travel costs, lack of public services, inadequacy of nearby healthcare and social isolation. In all cases, pregnancy was an additional difficulty. The adaptive capability was related to the presence of an efficient family and social network. Most of the time, any increase in the limitations exceeded the ability to adapt and affected the medical follow‐up of the pregnancy, although follow‐up appointments were rarely abandoned altogether. Perceptions of birth preparation and parenting sessions were often limited to advice on pain management. Due to their affiliation with their rural area or their choice of lifestyle, the women complained only minimally. Conclusion Women often minimize any limitations and implement adaptive techniques that make identification by social and medical services more difficult. Patient or Public Contribution Eighteen women in SED were contacted by Childhood Medical Protection, midwives and general practitioners practising in rural areas. One woman declined participation and seventeen were interviewed.

Published
2022
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6. Modelling framework for assessing nuclear regulatory effectiveness

Author

Lavarenne, Jean, Shwageraus, Eugene, and Weightman, Mike

Subjects
621.48, nuclear, regulation, effectiveness, risk assessment, HAZOP, inspection process, discrete-event simulation, monte-carlo simulation
Abstract

This thesis participates to the effort launched after the Fukushima-Daiichi disaster to improve the robustness of national institutions involved in nuclear safety because of the role that the failing nuclear regulator had in the accident. The driving idea is to investigate how engineering techniques used in high-risk industries can be applied to institutions involved in nuclear safety to improve their robustness. The thesis focuses specifically on the Office for Nuclear Regulation (ONR), the British nuclear regulator, and its process for structured inspections. The first part of the thesis demonstrates that the hazard and operability (HAZOP) technique, used in the nuclear industry to identify hazards associated with an activity, can be adapted to qualitatively assess the robustness of organisational processes. The HAZOP method was applied to the ONR inspection process and led to the identification of five significant failures or errors. These are: failure to focus on an area/topic deserving regulatory attention; failure to evaluate an area/topic of interest; failure to identify a non-compliance; failure to identify the underlying issue, its full extent and/or safety significance and failure to adequately share inspection findings. In addition, the study identified the main causal chains leading to each failure. The safeguards of the process, i.e. the mechanisms in place to prevent, detect, resolve and mitigate possible failures, were then analysed to assess the robustness of the inspection process. The principal safeguard found is the superintending inspector who performs reviews of inspection reports and debriefs inspectors after inspections. It was concluded that the inspection process is robust provided recruitment and training excellence. However, given the predominant role of the superintending inspector, the robustness of the process could be improved by increasing the diversity of safeguards. Finally, suggestions for improvement were made such as establishing a formal handover procedure between former and new site inspectors, formalising and generalising the shadowing scheme between inspectors and setting minimum standards for inspection debriefs. These results were shared with ONR, which had reached the same conclusions independently, thus validating the new application for the HAZOP method. The second part of the thesis demonstrates that computational modelling techniques can be used to build digital twins of institutions involved in safety which can then be used to assess their effectiveness. The knowledge learned thanks to the HAZOP study was used in association with computational modelling techniques to build a digital twin of the ONR and its structural inspection process along with a simple model of a nuclear plant. The model was validated using the face-validity and predictive validation processes. They respectively involved an experienced ONR inspector checking the validity of the model’s procedures and decision-making processes and comparing the model’s output for oversight work done to data provided by the ONR. The effectiveness of the ONR was then evaluated using a scenario where a hypothetical, newly discovered phenomenon threatens the integrity of the plant, with ONR inspectors gradually learning and sharing new information about it. Monte-Carlo simulation was used to estimate the cost of regulatory oversight and the probability that the ONR model detects and resolves the issue introduced before it causes an accident. Different arrangements were tested and in particular with a superintending inspector reviewing inspection reports and a formal information sharing process. For this scenario, these two improvements were found to have a similar impact on the success probability. However, the former achieves it for only half the cost.

Published
2018
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8. Le paradoxe des données climatiques en Afrique de l'Ouest : plus que jamais urgentes mais de moins en moins accessibles

Author

Lavarenne, Jeremy, Mbengue, Asse, Lavarenne, Jeremy, and Mbengue, Asse

Abstract

Pour aider les populations à prévoir les aléas climatiques et réfléchir à la meilleure façon de s'adapter, les données relatives au climat et à l'agriculture n'ont jamais été aussi importantes. L'essor de nouvelles technologies a permis de multiplier les façons de les collecter. Mais par un triste paradoxe, alors que ces données n'ont jamais été aussi nombreuses et importantes, en Afrique de l'Ouest elles sont aussi de moins en moins accessibles, du fait d'aléas diplomatiques, sécuritaires, mais aussi d'une privatisation grandissante de la data.

Published
2024

10. High-resolution mapping of available water content in Senegal using iSDA Africa dataset and USDA Rosetta3 model

Author

Lavarenne, Jeremy, Leroux, Louise, Lavarenne, Jeremy, and Leroux, Louise

Abstract

This data article presents a high-resolution map of available water content (AWC) for Senegal, derived from the iSDA Africa dataset and the USDA Rosetta3 model, as well as the method used for its production. The map covers the entire country at a resolution of 30 m and provides a valuable resource for hydrological studies and spatialized crop model simulations in the region where water is a limiting factor for crop production. The dataset is based on existing soil properties data and leverages pedotransfer functions (PTFs) to estimate water retention capabilities from soil properties. This AWC map derived from datasets with enhanced accuracy offers a more precise estimate of soil water retention capacity, which can be instrumental in informing water and agricultural management, policy decisions and investments. The dataset, including intermediate variables, is available in geotiff format at Cirad Dataverse under the DOI 10.18167/DVN1/SGNSII and complies with FAIR data principles, allowing its broad reuse. The code used to produce this dataset is also made available under the DOI 10.5281/zenodo.10078399, so that AWC maps can be produced for any territory covered by the iSDA Africa product.

Published
2024

11. Unraveling the Genetic Elements Involved in Shoot and Root Growth Regulation by Jasmonate in Rice Using a Genome-Wide Association Study

Author

Huong Thi Mai To, Hieu Trang Nguyen, Nguyet Thi Minh Dang, Ngan Huyen Nguyen, Thai Xuan Bui, Jérémy Lavarenne, Nhung Thi Phuong Phung, Pascal Gantet, Michel Lebrun, Stephane Bellafiore, and Antony Champion

Subjects
Jasmonate, Plant development, Growth inhibition, Genome-wide association studies, Oryza sativa, Plant culture, SB1-1110
Abstract

Abstract Background Due to their sessile life style, plant survival is dependent on the ability to build up fast and highly adapted responses to environmental stresses by modulating defense response and organ growth. The phytohormone jasmonate plays an essential role in regulating these plant responses to stress. Results To assess variation of plant growth responses and identify genetic determinants associated to JA treatment, we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) using an original panel of Vietnamese rice accessions. The phenotyping results showed a high natural genetic variability of the 155 tested rice accessions in response to JA for shoot and root growth. The level of growth inhibition by JA is different according to the rice varieties tested. We conducted genome-wide association study and identified 28 significant associations for root length (RTL), shoot length (SHL), root weight (RTW), shoot weight (SHW) and total weight (TTW) in response to JA treatment. Three common QTLs were found for RTL, RTW and SHL. Among a list of 560 candidate genes found to co-locate with the QTLs, a transcriptome analysis from public database for the JA response allows us to identify 232 regulated genes including several JA-responsive transcription factors known to play a role in stress response. Conclusion Our genome-wide association study shows that common and specific genetic elements are associated with inhibition of shoot and root growth under JA treatment suggesting the involvement of a complex JA-dependent genetic control of rice growth inhibition at the whole plant level. Besides, numerous candidate genes associated to stress and JA response are co-located with the association loci, providing useful information for future studies on genetics and breeding to optimize the growth-defense trade-off in rice.

Published
2019
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13. Fruit yield estimation using image analysis is also about correcting the number of detections

Author

J. Sarron, L. Tresch, H. Bendahou, J.M.K. Koffi, N. Avlessi, C.A.B. Sané, E. Faye, and J. Lavarenne

Subjects
Horticulture
Abstract

The use of image analysis to estimate fruit tree yields is increasing. Tools are often based on RGB images acquired from the two opposite sides of the tree and fruit detection using machine learning algorithms. Due to fruit occlusion and detection errors, a correction model is needed to estimate the actual number of fruits from the number of detections. This study aimed to establish the best correction model for estimating mango yield in a diversity of orchards without using any other data extracted from the image than the number of detections. A set of images was acquired at the mature fruit stage on 325 'Kent' mango trees from 27 orchards representing the main cropping systems (from monoculture to diversified orchards) found in two distinct production regions in West Africa. Mangoes have been detected with a YOLOv5 neural network to obtain the detected count. The actual count of fruits was measured on all trees and used to calibrate different correction models for tree production estimation. Results showed that a linear model with region and cropping system as categorical covariates obtained the best performance (R2=0.66, normalised RMSE or NRMSE=11%) compared to a simple linear model (R2=0.34, NRMSE=20%). Square root transformations of actual and detected counts were necessary to fit the regression assumptions of residuals normality and homoscedasticity. Although the use of linear mixed-effect models with the orchard as a random effect might be interesting, their performances were comparable to linear models and they did not respect the regression assumption. This study showed that one simple linear regression might be insufficient when applying fruit yield estimation in different orchards, even for the one cultivar and the same fruit development stage. We also highlight the need to test the regression assumptions before applying the correction model.

Published
2023
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14. Transcriptome profiling of laser-captured crown root primordia reveals new pathways activated during early stages of crown root formation in rice.

Author

Jérémy Lavarenne, Mathieu Gonin, Antony Champion, Marie Javelle, Hélène Adam, Jacques Rouster, Geneviève Conejéro, Marc Lartaud, Jean-Luc Verdeil, Laurent Laplaze, Christophe Sallaud, Mikael Lucas, and Pascal Gantet

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Crown roots constitute the main part of the rice root system. Several key genes involved in crown root initiation and development have been identified by functional genomics approaches. Nevertheless, these approaches are impaired by functional redundancy and mutant lethality. To overcome these limitations, organ targeted transcriptome analysis can help to identify genes involved in crown root formation and early development. In this study, we generated an atlas of genes expressed in developing crown root primordia in comparison with adjacent stem cortical tissue at three different developmental stages before emergence, using laser capture microdissection. We identified 3975 genes differentially expressed in crown root primordia. About 30% of them were expressed at the three developmental stages, whereas 10.5%, 19.5% and 12.8% were specifically expressed at the early, intermediate and late stages, respectively. Sorting them by functional ontology highlighted an active transcriptional switch during the process of crown root primordia formation. Cross-analysis with other rice root development-related datasets revealed genes encoding transcription factors, chromatin remodeling factors, peptide growth factors, and cell wall remodeling enzymes that are likely to play a key role during crown root primordia formation. This atlas constitutes an open primary data resource for further studies on the regulation of crown root initiation and development.

Published
2020
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16. Creating shared value(s) from On-Farm Experimentation: ten key lessons learned from the development of the SoYield® digital solution in Africa

Author

Chloé Alexandre, Léa Tresch, Julien Sarron, Jéremy Lavarenne, Gaspard Bringer, Hamza Rkha Chaham, Hamza Bendahou, Sofia Carmeni, Philippe Borianne, Jean-Mathias Koffi, and Emile Faye

Subjects
Mangue, chaînes de valeur, Environmental Engineering, Expérimentation au champ, F08 - Systèmes et modes de culture, Développement agricole, E20 - Organisation, administration et gestion des entreprises ou exploitations agricoles, Recherche à la ferme, U30 - Méthodes de recherche, système d'aide à la décision, Agronomy and Crop Science
Abstract

This study is based on the observation that many digital tools and services for agriculture do not put farmers' expectations and interests first, resulting in top-down research and development. On-Farm Experimentation (OFE) contributes to overcoming these limitations because it places farmers at the center of innovation processes, while ensuring rich interactions with various value chain actors. The richness of OFE is in part explained by the diversity of stakeholders involved and the co-learning that results from their interactions. Studies in management and social sciences show that such open innovation processes can be difficult to manage. Aligning the visions and interests of the different stakeholders, fostering the sharing of resources and knowledge to produce value, and sharing the value created in an equitable manner remain a real challenge. Although these issues can refine the understanding of the mechanisms that condition the success of OFE, they have yet to be sufficiently analyzed. Recent publications underline the need to explore the organizational and managerial aspects of OFE to facilitate its implementation in various contexts. This work proposes to fill this gap by providing ten key lessons for conducting OFE with the aim of creating shared value, i.e., developing innovative technologies and practices that benefit all parties but, first and foremost, farmers. These ten key lessons stem from the reflexive monitoring of an OFE process aimed at developing the SoYield® decision support system for helping mango value chain actors to estimate fruit production in Africa. This reflexive monitoring was conducted by the main actors involved in this process, namely, farmers, a private firm and research centers. These key lessons lay the foundations for strengthening a community of practice on OFE implementation and for facilitating its development worldwide. This study also provides insights into the contributions and limitations of digital tools for conducting OFE.

Published
2023
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18. Impact of Thermal-Hydraulic Feedback and Differential Thermal Expansion on European SFR Core Power Distribution

Author

Lindley, B., Álvarez Velarde, F., Baker, U., Bodi, J., Cosgrove, P., Charles, A., Fiorina, C., (0000-0002-4468-5238) Fridman, E., Krepel, J., Lavarenne, J., Mikityuk, K., (0000-0002-5695-4220) Nikitin, E., Ponomarev, A., Radman, S., Shwageraus, E., Tollit, B., Lindley, B., Álvarez Velarde, F., Baker, U., Bodi, J., Cosgrove, P., Charles, A., Fiorina, C., (0000-0002-4468-5238) Fridman, E., Krepel, J., Lavarenne, J., Mikityuk, K., (0000-0002-5695-4220) Nikitin, E., Ponomarev, A., Radman, S., Shwageraus, E., and Tollit, B.

Abstract

The objective of this paper is to quantify the coupling effect on the power distribution of sodium-cooled fast reactors (SFRs), specifically the European SFR. Calculations are performed with several state-of-the-art reactor physics and Multiphysics codes (TRACE/PARCS, DYN3D, WIMS, COUNTHER and GeN-Foam) to build confidence in the methodologies and validity of results. Standalone neutronics calculations were generally in excellent agreement with a reference Monte Carlo-calculated power distribution (from Serpent). Next, the impact of coolant density and fuel temperature Doppler feedback was calculated. Reactivity coefficients for perturbations in the inlet temperature, coolant heat up and core power were shown to be negative with values of around -0.5 pcm/°C, -0.3 pcm/°C and -3.5 pcm/% respectively. Fuel temperature and coolant density feedback was found to introduce a roughly -1%/+1% in/out power tilt across the core. Calculations were then extended to axial expansion for cases where fuel is linked and unlinked to the clad. Core calculations are in good agreement with each other. The impact of differential fuel expansion is found to be larger for fuel both linked and unlinked to the clad, with the in/out power tilt increasing to around - 4%/+2%. Thus, while broadly confirming the known result that standalone physics calculations give good results, the expansion coupling effect is perhaps more than anticipated a priori. These results provide a useful benchmark for the further development of Multiphysics codes and methodologies in support of advanced reactor calculations.

Published
2023

19. Production of available water content maps from existing soil properties datasets using pedotransfer models - towards application to spatial crop modeling

Author

Lavarenne, Jeremy and Lavarenne, Jeremy

Abstract

Soil water availability is crucial for ecosystem services, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa where agriculture depends heavily on rainfed systems, directly impacting food security. The key to estimating water available for crops lies in the Available Water Content (AWC) – a metric indicating the water that soil can retain and provide to plants. AWC plays a vital role in crop and ecological models and is particularly integral to spatial crop simulation models. Despite many digital soil mapping endeavors, the production of AWC maps remains limited. This study illustrates the initial phase in crafting a high-resolution AWC map for Burkina Faso, utilizing iSDA Africa's 30m soil properties maps and the USDA Rosetta pedotransfer model. It also frames a research question for a student project proposed during the IDIL graduate program launch event (Montpellier University, sept. 6, 2023), aimed at refining the AWC map development method, focusing on identifying and overcoming barriers to generalize the method for global application and to enhance the usability of AWC data in crop models.

Published
2023

20. Impact of Thermal-hydraulic Feedback and Differential Thermal Expansion On European Sfr Core Power Distribution

Author

Lindley, Ben, primary, Álvarez Velarde, Francisco, additional, Baker, Una, additional, Bodi, Janos, additional, Cosgrove, Paul, additional, Charles, Alan, additional, Fiorina, Carlo, additional, Fridman, Emil, additional, Krepel, Jiri, additional, Lavarenne, Jean H J, additional, Mikityuk, Konstantin, additional, Nikitin, Evgeny, additional, Ponomarev, Alexander, additional, Radman, Stefan, additional, Shwageraus, Eugene, additional, and Tollit, Brendan, additional

Published
2023
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22. Impact of Thermal-Hydraulic Feedback and Differential Thermal Expansion on European Sodium-Cooled Fast Reactor Core Power Distribution

Author

Ben Lindley, Francisco Álvarez Velarde, Una Baker, Janos Bodi, Paul Cosgrove, Alan Charles, Carlo Fiorina, Emil Fridman, Jiri Krepel, Jean Lavarenne, Konstantin Mikityuk, Evgeny Nikitin, Alexander Ponomarev, Stefan Radman, Eugene Shwageraus, and Brendan Tollit

Subjects
Radiation, Nuclear Energy and Engineering
Abstract

The objective of this paper is to quantify the coupling effect on the power distribution of sodium-cooled fast reactors (SFRs), specifically the European SFR. Calculations are performed with several state-of-the-art reactor physics and Multiphysics codes (TRACE/PARCS, DYN3D, WIMS, COUNTHER, and GeN-Foam) to build confidence in the methodologies and validity of results. Standalone neutronic calculations were generally in excellent agreement with a reference Monte Carlo-calculated power distribution (from Serpent). Next, the impact of coolant density and fuel temperature Doppler feedback was calculated. Reactivity coefficients for perturbations in the inlet temperature, coolant heat up and core power was shown to be negative with values of around −0.5 pcm/°C, −0.3 pcm/°C, and −3.5 pcm/%, respectively. Fuel temperature and coolant density feedback was found to introduce a roughly −1%/+1% in/out power tilt across the core. Calculations were then extended to axial expansion for cases where fuel is linked and unlinked to the clad. Core calculations are in good agreement with each other. The impact of differential fuel expansion is found to be larger for fuel both linked and unlinked to the clad, with the in/out power tilt increasing to around −4%/+2%. Thus, while broadly confirming the known result that standalone physics calculations give good results, the expansion coupling effect is perhaps more than anticipated a priori. These results provide a useful benchmark for the further development of Multiphysics codes and methodologies in support of advanced reactor calculations.

Published
2023
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23. FAST REACTOR MULTIPHYSICS AND UNCERTAINTY PROPAGATION WITHIN WIMS

Author

Lindley Ben, Tollit Brendan, Smith Peter, Charles Alan, Mason Robert, Ware Tim, Perry Ray, Lavarenne Jean, Davies Una, and Gregg Robert

Subjects
wims, trafic, sfr-uam, esfr-smart, Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

For liquid metal-cooled fast reactors (LMFRs), improved predictive modelling is desirable to facilitate reactor licensing and operation and move towards a best estimate plus uncertainty (BEPU) approach. A key source of uncertainty in fast reactor calculations arises from the underlying nuclear data. Addressing the propagation of such uncertainties through multiphysics calculations schemes is therefore of importance, and is being addressed through international projects such as the Sodium-cooled Fast Reactor Uncertainty Analysis in Modelling (SFR-UAM) benchmark. In this paper, a methodology for propagation of nuclear data uncertainties within WIMS is presented. Uncertainties on key reactor physics parameters are calculated for selected SFR-UAM benchmark exercises, with good agreement with previous results. A methodology for coupled neutronic-thermal-hydraulic calculations within WIMS is developed, where thermal feedback is introduced to the neutronic solution through coupling with the ARTHUR subchannel code within WIMS and applied to steady-state analysis of the Horizon 2020 ESFR-SMART project reference core. Finally, integration of reactor physics and fuel performance calculations is demonstrated through linking of the WIMS reactor physics code to the TRAFIC fast reactor fuel performance code, through a Fortran-C-Python (FCP) interface. Given the 3D multiphysics calculation methodology, thermal-hydraulic and fuel performance uncertainties can ultimately be sampled alongside the nuclear data uncertainties. Together, these developments are therefore an important step towards enabling propagation of uncertainties through high fidelity, multiphysics SFR calculations and hence facilitate BEPU methodologies.

Published
2021
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24. WHOLE CORE COUPLING METHODOLOGIES WITHIN WIMS

Author

Tollit Brendan, Charles Alan, Poole William, Cox Andrew, Hosking Glynn, Lindley Ben, Smith Peter, Smethurst Andy, and Lavarenne Jean

Subjects
wims, core, coupling, multi-physics, Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

The ANSWERS® WIMS reactor physics code is being developed for whole core multiphysics modelling. The established neutronics capability for lattice calculations has recently been extended to be suitable for whole core modelling of Small Modular Reactors (SMRs). A whole core transport, SP3 or diffusion flux solution is combined with fuel assembly resonance shielding and pin-by-pin differential depletion. An integrated thermal hydraulic solver permits differential temperature and density variations to feedback to the neutronics calculation. This paper presents new methodology developed in WIMS to couple the core neutronics to the integrated core thermal hydraulics solver. Two coupling routes are presented and compared using a challenging PWR SMR benchmark. The first route, called GEOM, dynamically calculates the resonance shielding and homogenisation with the whole core flux solution. The second coupling route, called CAMELOT, separates the resonance shielding and pincell homogenisation from the whole core solution via generating tabulated cross sections. Both routes can use the MERLIN homogenised pin-by-pin whole core flux solver and couple to the same integrated thermal hydraulic solver, called ARTHUR. Heterogeneous differences between the neutronics and thermal hydraulics are mapped via thermal identifiers for neutronics materials and thermal regions. The ability for the integrated thermal hydraulic solver to call an external code via a Fortran-C-Python (FCP) interface is also summarised. This flexible external coupling permits one way coupling to an external fuel performance code or two way coupling to an external thermal hydraulic code.

Published
2021
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27. Development of a Universal Cell Voltage Monitoring System

Author

Crepet, Guy, Guesne, Samuel, Lavarenne, Cyril, Valentin, Olivier, Pacot, Pierre, and Technische Universität Chemnitz

Subjects
ddc:621.3, ddc:620, CELL VOLTAGE MONITORING, MODULAR, UNIVERSELL, Brennstoffzelle, ddc:600, CELL VOLTAGE MONITORING, FUEL CELL, MODULAR, UNIVERSAL
Abstract

The voltage of the fuel cell must be measured during the test phase to characterize and condition it. Similarly, monitoring the fuel cell during its operation in series has many advantages. The CVM is a permanent and individualized measurement system for each cell. DAM has developed a universal system that can be connected to any type of bipolar plate. In addition, its modularity allows it to adapt to the number of cells and the fuel cell voltage, while compensating deformation phenomena. Moreover, its electronic architecture also allows a great modularity while proposing additional functions of diagnosis and measurements of insulation and short-circuit. These features are essential for the mass production of the CVM and the automated assembly of the CVM on the fuel cell, ensuring a cost competitive solution. Die Spannung der Brennstoffzelle muss während der Testphase gemessen werden, um sie zu charakterisieren und zu konditionieren. Auch die Überwachung der Brennstoffzelle während ihres Serienbetriebs hat viele Vorteile. Das CVM ist ein permanentes und individuelles Messsystem für jede einzelne Zelle. DAM hat ein universelles System entwickelt, das an jede Art von Bipolarplatte angeschlossen werden kann. Außerdem kann es aufgrund seiner Modularität an die Anzahl der Zellen und die Brennstoffzellenspannung angepasst werden, wobei Verformungsphänomene kompensiert werden. Darüber hinaus ermöglicht seine elektronische Architektur eine große Modularität und bietet zusätzliche Diagnosefunktionen und Messungen für Isolation und Kurzschluss. Diese Merkmale sind für die Massenproduktion des CVM und die automatisierte Montage des CVM auf der Brennstoffzelle von wesentlicher Bedeutung und ermöglichen eine kostengünstige Lösung.

Published
2022

30. CROWN ROOTLESS1 binds DNA with a relaxed specificity and activates OsROP and OsbHLH044 genes involved in crown root formation in rice

Author

Gonin, Mathieu, primary, Jeong, Kwanho, additional, Coudert, Yoan, additional, Lavarenne, Jeremy, additional, Hoang, Giang Thi, additional, Bes, Martine, additional, To, Huong Thi Mai, additional, Thiaw, Marie‐Rose Ndella, additional, Do, Toan Van, additional, Moukouanga, Daniel, additional, Guyomarc'h, Soazig, additional, Bellande, Kevin, additional, Brossier, Jean‐Rémy, additional, Parizot, Boris, additional, Nguyen, Hieu Trang, additional, Beeckman, Tom, additional, Bergougnoux, Véronique, additional, Rouster, Jacques, additional, Sallaud, Christophe, additional, Laplaze, Laurent, additional, Champion, Antony, additional, and Gantet, Pascal, additional

Published
2022
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33. Development of a Universal Cell Voltage Monitoring System

Author

Technische Universität Chemnitz, Crepet, Guy, Guesne, Samuel, Lavarenne, Cyril, Valentin, Olivier, Pacot, Pierre, Technische Universität Chemnitz, Crepet, Guy, Guesne, Samuel, Lavarenne, Cyril, Valentin, Olivier, and Pacot, Pierre

Abstract

The voltage of the fuel cell must be measured during the test phase to characterize and condition it. Similarly, monitoring the fuel cell during its operation in series has many advantages. The CVM is a permanent and individualized measurement system for each cell. DAM has developed a universal system that can be connected to any type of bipolar plate. In addition, its modularity allows it to adapt to the number of cells and the fuel cell voltage, while compensating deformation phenomena. Moreover, its electronic architecture also allows a great modularity while proposing additional functions of diagnosis and measurements of insulation and short-circuit. These features are essential for the mass production of the CVM and the automated assembly of the CVM on the fuel cell, ensuring a cost competitive solution., Die Spannung der Brennstoffzelle muss während der Testphase gemessen werden, um sie zu charakterisieren und zu konditionieren. Auch die Überwachung der Brennstoffzelle während ihres Serienbetriebs hat viele Vorteile. Das CVM ist ein permanentes und individuelles Messsystem für jede einzelne Zelle. DAM hat ein universelles System entwickelt, das an jede Art von Bipolarplatte angeschlossen werden kann. Außerdem kann es aufgrund seiner Modularität an die Anzahl der Zellen und die Brennstoffzellenspannung angepasst werden, wobei Verformungsphänomene kompensiert werden. Darüber hinaus ermöglicht seine elektronische Architektur eine große Modularität und bietet zusätzliche Diagnosefunktionen und Messungen für Isolation und Kurzschluss. Diese Merkmale sind für die Massenproduktion des CVM und die automatisierte Montage des CVM auf der Brennstoffzelle von wesentlicher Bedeutung und ermöglichen eine kostengünstige Lösung.

Published
2022

34. Coupled Neutronic-Thermal-Hydraulic Simulations of the European SFR Core

Author

Lindley, B., Álvarez, V. F., Bodi, J., Charles, A., Di Nora, V. A., (0000-0002-4468-5238) Fridman, E., Krepel, J., Lavarenne, J., Mikityuk, K., (0000-0002-5695-4220) Nikitin, E., Ponomarev, A., Tollit, B., Lindley, B., Álvarez, V. F., Bodi, J., Charles, A., Di Nora, V. A., (0000-0002-4468-5238) Fridman, E., Krepel, J., Lavarenne, J., Mikityuk, K., (0000-0002-5695-4220) Nikitin, E., Ponomarev, A., and Tollit, B.

Abstract

Within the European SFR – Safety Measures Assessment and Research Tools (ESFR-SMART) project, steady-state coupled simulation of the ESFR core has been performed using several core analysis packages, with the objective of quantifying the coupling effect. Focus is on the fuel Doppler effect and coolant expansion effect. Standalone neutronics calculations in TRACE/PARCS (PSI), DYN3D (HZDR) and WIMS (Jacobs) showed superb agreement with the reference Serpent power distribution (root mean square (rms) discrepancies of 1.3%, 1.5% and 0.7% respectively). Results for COUNTHER (CIEMAT) were also in reasonable agreement, but with a somewhat higher discrepancy of 3.7%. Temperature distributions from thermal-hydraulic calculations were also compared and are found to be in good agreement. The effect of Doppler and coolant density feedback on core power distribution was predicted by TRACE/PARCS, DYN3D and WIMS to be between 0.4% and 0.8% rms difference in assembly powers. Reactivity coefficients for perturbations in the inlet temperature, flow rate and core power were shown to be negative for these three codes, with values of roughly -0.5 pcm/°C, -0.3 pcm/°C and -3.5 pcm/% respectively. A preliminary investigation of differential thermal expansion effects indicates that this may have a significant effect on core power distribution of a few %, greater than anticipated a priori and may warrant inclusion in coupled core analysis to ensure the accurate calculation of power distributions.

Published
2022

35. CROWN ROOTLESS1 binds DNA with a relaxed specificity and activates OsROP and OsbHLH044 genes involved in crown root formation in rice

Author

Gonin, Mathieu, Jeong, Kwanho, Coudert, Yoan, Lavarenne, Jeremy, Hoang, Giang Thi, Bes, Martine, To, Huong Thi Mai, Thiaw, Marie-Rose Ndella, Do, Toan Van, Moukouanga, Daniel, Guyomarc'h, Soazig, Bellande, Kevin, Brossier, Jean-Rémy, Parizot, Boris, Nguyen, Hieu Trang, Beeckman, Tom, Bergougnoux, Véronique, Rouster, Jacques, Sallaud, Christophe, Laplaze, Laurent, Champion, Anthony, Gantet, Pascal, Gonin, Mathieu, Jeong, Kwanho, Coudert, Yoan, Lavarenne, Jeremy, Hoang, Giang Thi, Bes, Martine, To, Huong Thi Mai, Thiaw, Marie-Rose Ndella, Do, Toan Van, Moukouanga, Daniel, Guyomarc'h, Soazig, Bellande, Kevin, Brossier, Jean-Rémy, Parizot, Boris, Nguyen, Hieu Trang, Beeckman, Tom, Bergougnoux, Véronique, Rouster, Jacques, Sallaud, Christophe, Laplaze, Laurent, Champion, Anthony, and Gantet, Pascal

Abstract

In cereals, the root system is mainly composed of post-embryonic shoot-borne roots, named crown roots. The CROWN ROOTLESS1 (CRL1) transcription factor, belonging to the ASYMMETRIC LEAVES2-LIKE/LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES DOMAIN (ASL/LBD) family, is a key regulator of crown root initiation in rice (Oryza sativa). Here, we show that CRL1 can bind, both in vitro and in vivo, not only the LBD-box, a DNA sequence recognized by several ASL/LBD transcription factors, but also another not previously identified DNA motif that was named CRL1-box. Using rice protoplast transient transactivation assays and a set of previously identified CRL1-regulated genes, we confirm that CRL1 transactivates these genes if they possess at least a CRL1-box or an LBD-box in their promoters. In planta, ChIP-qPCR experiments targeting two of these genes that include both a CRL1- and an LBD-box in their promoter show that CRL1 binds preferentially to the LBD-box in these promoter contexts. CRISPR/Cas9-targeted mutation of these two CRL1-regulated genes, which encode a plant Rho GTPase (OsROP) and a basic helix–loop–helix transcription factor (OsbHLH044), show that both promote crown root development. Finally, we show that OsbHLH044 represses a regulatory module, uncovering how CRL1 regulates specific processes during crown root formation.

Published
2022

37. CROWN ROOTLESS1 binds DNA with a relaxed specificity and activates OsROP and OsbHLH044 genes involved in crown root formation in rice

Author

Mathieu Gonin, Kwanho Jeong, Yoan Coudert, Jeremy Lavarenne, Giang Thi Hoang, Martine Bes, Huong Thi Mai To, Marie‐Rose Ndella Thiaw, Toan Van Do, Daniel Moukouanga, Soazig Guyomarc'h, Kevin Bellande, Jean‐Rémy Brossier, Boris Parizot, Hieu Trang Nguyen, Tom Beeckman, Véronique Bergougnoux, Jacques Rouster, Christophe Sallaud, Laurent Laplaze, Antony Champion, Pascal Gantet, Diversité, adaptation, développement des plantes (UMR DIADE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM), Université de Lyon, National Key Laboratory for Plant Cell Biotechnology, Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales (UMR AGAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Département Systèmes Biologiques (Cirad-BIOS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), University of Science and Technology of Hanoi (USTH), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT), VIBUGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, Palacky University Olomouc, Groupe Limagrain, Ministry of Science and Technology of Vietnam, French embassy in VietnamNDT.56.FRA/19, Partenariat Hubert Curien Barrande in Francen_ 38067ZF, ERDF project 'Plants as a tool for sustainable global development'CZ.02.1.01./0.0/0.0/16_019/0000827, Consultative Group for International Agricultural Research Program on rice-agrifood systems (CRP-RICE), Association Nationale de la Recherche Technologique, France2015/0195, ANR-10-LABX-0001,AGRO,Agricultural Sciences for sustainable Development(2010), and ANR-17-CE20-0028,MASTEROOT,Détermination de gènes régulateurs maîtres du développement des racines coronaires pour l'ingénierie de la tolérance au déficit hydrique des céréales.(2017)

Subjects
crown root, Oryza sativa, gene regulatory network, Plant Science, QUIESCENT CENTER, Plant Roots, DNA binding domain, DROUGHT TOLERANCE, Gene Expression Regulation, Plant, ASL, Genetics, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, development, Plant Proteins, ASL/LBD transcription factor, rice, food and beverages, Biology and Life Sciences, Oryza, BHLH TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR, DNA, Cell Biology, CRL1, ALPHA-AMYLASE GENES, LOB-DOMAIN PROTEIN, LATERAL-ORGAN-BOUNDARIES, SENESCENCE-ASSOCIATED GENES, ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA, ORYZA-SATIVA, LBD transcription factor, EXPRESSION ANALYSIS, hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists, Transcription Factors
Abstract

International audience; In cereals, the root system is mainly composed of post-embryonic shoot-borne roots, named crown roots. The CROWN ROOTLESS1 (CRL1) transcription factor, belonging to the ASYMMETRIC LEAVES2-LIKE/LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES DOMAIN (ASL/LBD) family, is a key regulator of crown root initiation in rice (Oryza sativa). Here, we show that CRL1 can bind, both in vitro and in vivo, not only the LBD-box, a DNA sequence recognized by several ASL/LBD transcription factors, but also another not previously identified DNA motif that was named CRL1-box. Using rice protoplast transient transactivation assays and a set of previously identified CRL1-regulated genes, we confirm that CRL1 transactivates these genes if they possess at least a CRL1-box or an LBD-box in their promoters. In planta, ChIP-qPCR experiments targeting two of these genes that include both a CRL1- and an LBD-box in their promoter show that CRL1 binds preferentially to the LBD-box in these promoter contexts. CRISPR/Cas9-targeted mutation of these two CRL1-regulated genes, which encode a plant Rho GTPase (OsROP) and a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor (OsbHLH044), show that both promote crown root development. Finally, we show that OsbHLH044 represses a regulatory module, uncovering how CRL1 regulates specific processes during crown root formation.

Published
2022
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42. Burn-Up Dependent Modeling of Fuel-to-Clad Gap Conductance and Temperature Predictions for Mixed-Oxide Fuel in the ESFR-SMART Core

Author

Lavarenne, Jean, primary, Bubelis, Evaldas, additional, Davies, Una, additional, Gianfelici, Simone, additional, Gicquel, Solène, additional, Krepel, Jiri, additional, Lainet, Marc, additional, Lindley, Ben, additional, Mikityuk, Konstantin, additional, Murphy, Christophe, additional, Perrin, Benoit, additional, Pfrang, Werner, additional, Ponomarev, Alexander, additional, Schubert, Arndt, additional, Shwageraus, Eugene, additional, and Van Uffelen, Paul, additional

Published
2021
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43. Burn-Up Dependent Modelling of Fuel-To-Clad Gap Conductance and Temperature Predictions for Mixed-Oxide Fuel in the ESFR-SMART Core

Author

Benoit Perrin, Marc Lainet, Werner Pfrang, Paul Van-Uffelen, Una Davies, Eugene Shwageraus, Solène Gicquel, Jiri Krepel, Simone Gianfelici, Arndt Schubert, Konstantin Mikityuk, Christophe Murphy, Alexander Ponomarev, Jean Lavarenne, Evaldas Bubelis, and Ben Lindley

Subjects
Radiation, Materials science, 020209 energy, Conductance, 02 engineering and technology, 010403 inorganic & nuclear chemistry, 01 natural sciences, 0104 chemical sciences, Core (optical fiber), Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Electrical resistance and conductance, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Composite material, MOX fuel
Abstract

Accurate coupled neutronic-thermal-hydraulic analysis of SFRs requires an accurate calculation of the fuel-to-clad gap conductance. In this paper, the gap conductance of the ESFR-SMART MOX pins is investigated through modelling in seven independent fuel performance codes, to provide confidence in results and understand the uncertainties associated with the predictions. This paper presents a comparison of the conductance and predicted fuel temperature distribution between codes. The values produced from the codes are then combined to produce a best-estimate prediction of the gap conductance expressed as a function of nodal fuel rating and burn-up for all seven codes. A fit was applied to the data thus obtained. The spread between results is such that, to 95% confidence, conductance predictions may vary from the correlation by up to a factor of ~4. The gap conductance results show a general increase of conductance with fuel rating and burn-up, from 0.22 at 0 burn-up and 10 kW.m^(-1) to 0.45 at 0 burn-up and 50 kW.m^(-1) and to 1.00 W.?cm?^(-2).K^(-1) at 150 GWd.t^(-1) and 50 kW.m^(-1). Some spread between codes has been noted and appears to be consistent with the spread previously published. There is good agreement between codes at low burn-up for fuel temperature predictions. The spread between codes increases with burn-up due to multiple phenomena including JOG formation and clad swelling.

Published
2021
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44. WHOLE CORE COUPLING METHODOLOGIES WITHIN WIMS

Author

Ben Lindley, Andy Smethurst, Glynn Hosking, Brendan Tollit, Peter Smith, William Poole, Alan Charles, Jean Lavarenne, and Andrew Cox

Subjects
Physics, Coupling, Neutron transport, business.industry, 020209 energy, Multiphysics, Nuclear engineering, QC1-999, wims, core, 02 engineering and technology, Modular design, Solver, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Thermal hydraulics, 0103 physical sciences, Electromagnetic shielding, Thermal, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, multi-physics, coupling, business
Abstract

The ANSWERS® WIMS reactor physics code is being developed for whole core multiphysics modelling. The established neutronics capability for lattice calculations has recently been extended to be suitable for whole core modelling of Small Modular Reactors (SMRs). A whole core transport, SP3 or diffusion flux solution is combined with fuel assembly resonance shielding and pin-by-pin differential depletion. An integrated thermal hydraulic solver permits differential temperature and density variations to feedback to the neutronics calculation. This paper presents new methodology developed in WIMS to couple the core neutronics to the integrated core thermal hydraulics solver. Two coupling routes are presented and compared using a challenging PWR SMR benchmark. The first route, called GEOM, dynamically calculates the resonance shielding and homogenisation with the whole core flux solution. The second coupling route, called CAMELOT, separates the resonance shielding and pincell homogenisation from the whole core solution via generating tabulated cross sections. Both routes can use the MERLIN homogenised pin-by-pin whole core flux solver and couple to the same integrated thermal hydraulic solver, called ARTHUR. Heterogeneous differences between the neutronics and thermal hydraulics are mapped via thermal identifiers for neutronics materials and thermal regions. The ability for the integrated thermal hydraulic solver to call an external code via a Fortran-C-Python (FCP) interface is also summarised. This flexible external coupling permits one way coupling to an external fuel performance code or two way coupling to an external thermal hydraulic code.

Published
2021

45. Changing the name of schizophrenia: patient perspectives and implications for DSM-V.

Author

Constantin Tranulis, Tania Lecomte, Bassam El-Khoury, Anaïs Lavarenne, and Daniel Brodeur-Côté

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

INTRODUCTION: The diagnosis of schizophrenia is increasingly contested by researchers, clinicians, patients and family members. Preeminent researchers proposed its replacement with the salience syndrome concept, arguing for increased validity and less stigmatizing potential. This is the first study exploring the effects on stigma of this nosological proposal. METHODS: TWO STUDIES WERE CONDUCTED: one with 161 undergraduate students regarding their stigmatizing attitudes linked to the label of schizophrenia or salience syndrome, the other involved in-depth qualitative interviews with 19 participants treated in a first episode psychosis program. The interviews explored the subjective validity, acceptability and effects on stigma of a diagnosis of schizophrenia or salience syndrome. RESULTS: Overall, no significant differences were found between labels in study 1. For study 2, the majority of participants preferred a diagnosis of salience syndrome, considering it less stigmatizing mostly because of its novelty and the concealing potential of the new diagnostic entity, though many found it hard to relate to and somewhat difficult to understand. DISCUSSION: Our results suggest that the label change does not impact the stigmatizing potential for individuals who are not familiar with mental illness - they appear to base their attitudes on descriptions rather than the label alone. For those suffering from mental illness, a name change for schizophrenia to "salience syndrome" might offer only a temporary relief from stigma. Claims of de-stigmatizing effects should be grounded in sound scientific models of stigma and ideally in empirical data.

Published
2013
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46. Fast Reactor Multiphysics and Uncertainty Propagation within WIMS

Author

Tim Ware, Robert Mason, Brendan Tollit, Jean Lavarenne, Peter C. Smith, Robert Gregg, Ray Perry, Alan Charles, Ben Lindley, and Una Davies

Subjects
Coupling, Propagation of uncertainty, sfr-uam, Physics, QC1-999, 020209 energy, Nuclear engineering, Multiphysics, Interface (computing), wims, Nuclear data, 02 engineering and technology, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, High fidelity, 0103 physical sciences, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Benchmark (computing), trafic, esfr-smart, Uncertainty analysis
Abstract

For liquid metal-cooled fast reactors (LMFRs), improved predictive modelling is desirable to facilitate reactor licensing and operation and move towards a best estimate plus uncertainty (BEPU) approach. A key source of uncertainty in fast reactor calculations arises from the underlying nuclear data. Addressing the propagation of such uncertainties through multiphysics calculations schemes is therefore of importance, and is being addressed through international projects such as the Sodium-cooled Fast Reactor Uncertainty Analysis in Modelling (SFR-UAM) benchmark. In this paper, a methodology for propagation of nuclear data uncertainties within WIMS is presented. Uncertainties on key reactor physics parameters are calculated for selected SFR-UAM benchmark exercises, with good agreement with previous results. A methodology for coupled neutronic-thermal-hydraulic calculations within WIMS is developed, where thermal feedback is introduced to the neutronic solution through coupling with the ARTHUR subchannel code within WIMS and applied to steady-state analysis of the Horizon 2020 ESFR-SMART project reference core. Finally, integration of reactor physics and fuel performance calculations is demonstrated through linking of the WIMS reactor physics code to the TRAFIC fast reactor fuel performance code, through a Fortran-C-Python (FCP) interface. Given the 3D multiphysics calculation methodology, thermal-hydraulic and fuel performance uncertainties can ultimately be sampled alongside the nuclear data uncertainties. Together, these developments are therefore an important step towards enabling propagation of uncertainties through high fidelity, multiphysics SFR calculations and hence facilitate BEPU methodologies.

Published
2020
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47. Le tiers face aux soins psychiatriques sans consentement : analyse de l’expérience vécue

Author

Lavarenne, Léa, Favre, Léonor, Université Grenoble Alpes - UFR Médecine (UGA UFRM), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), and Hélène Poncet

Subjects
Family caregiver experience, Expérience de la famille, Involuntary psychiatric hospital admissions, Family caregivers, Tiers, Soins psychiatriques à la demande du tiers, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology
Abstract

INTRODUCTION : Families play a key part in supporting psychiatric patients, as they can ask for involuntary hospital admission of their relatives when their state is deteriorating. The aim of this study is to analyze family caregivers' experience after requesting for involuntary psychiatric hospital admission of their relatives, and to collect their expectations, fears, and motivations. METHODOLOGY : 16 interviews of family caregivers where conducted and analyzed using a qualitative method. Ethical guidelines were fulfilled. Interviewees were recruited among the relatives of patients admitted to 2 French psychiatric hospitals, and among the members of a French union of psychiatric patient relatives. Data thematic analysis was performed using the NVIVO12 software. RESULTS : The experience of the 16 interviewees was heterogeneous. Some experienced positive feelings following hospitalization of their relatives, including relief, satisfaction, trust, and hope. Others experienced negative feelings, including sadness, guilt, and fear of difficulties. The family caregivers also expressed their motivations, expectations, and fears at the time of signing the involuntary admission request. Factors affecting family caregivers' experience were variable from one subject to another, and possible improvements in support were discussed during the interviews. CONCLUSION : Family caregivers' experience is heterogeneous. A better support during hospitalization could improve their experience. Support before and after hospitalization is left to future studies.; INTRODUCTION : Les familles jouent un rôle essentiel dans l'accompagnement des patients en psychiatrie. Elles alertent et peuvent demander l'hospitalisation en tant que tiers lorsque l'état de leur proche se dégrade. L'objectif de cette étude est d'analyser le vécu des tiers lors de la signature d'une mesure de soins sans consentement de type SPDT, et de recueillir leurs attentes, leurs craintes et leurs motivations. MÉTHODE : Les investigateurs ont utilisé une méthode de recherche qualitative. Les critères éthiques ont été respectés. Le recrutement a été fait au CHUGA, au CHAI et à l’UNAFAM. Ils ont analysé et triangulé les données de façon thématique grâce au logiciel NVIVO12. RÉSULTATS : Le vécu des 16 tiers interrogés était hétérogène. Ce vécu pouvait être positif lorsque les tiers exprimaient des sentiments de soulagement, de satisfaction, de confiance et d'espoir mais aussi négatif lorsqu'il s'agissait de sentiments de tristesse, de culpabilité, de peur et d'être en difficulté. Les tiers ont aussi exprimé leurs motivations, leurs attentes et leurs craintes au moment de la signature. Les facteurs influençant le vécu des tiers étaient variables d’un sujet à l’autre, et des perspectives d'amélioration ont été évoquées dans les entretiens. CONCLUSION : L’expérience des tiers est hétérogène. Il semble qu’un meilleur accompagnement lors de la mise en place de la mesure mais également avant et après pourrait améliorer leur vécu et peut-être également la prise en charge du patient. D’autres études pourraient explorer ce dernier point.

Published
2020

48. Rilpivirine in HIV-1-positive women initiating pregnancy

Author

Frange, Pierre, Tubiana, Roland, Sibiude, Jeanne, Canestri, Ana, Arvieux, Cédric, Brunet-Cartier, Cécile, Cotte, Laurent, Reynes, Jacques, Mandelbrot, Laurent, Warszawski, Josiane, Le Chenadec, Jérôme, Crenn-Hebert, Catherine, Floch-Tudal, Corinne, Mazy, Fabienne, Joras, Marine, Meier, Françoise, Mortier, Emmanuel, Briquet, Catherine, Ichou, Houria, Marty, Laurence, Jabbarian, Hélène, Ceccaldi, Pierre-François, Villemant, Agnès, Zarouk, Virginie, Lefort, Agnès, Ben Salah, Mariam, Hittinger, Gilles, Chamouilli, Jean-Marc, Burle, Christian, Lafeuillade, Alain, Philip, Gisèle, Lambry, Véronique, Medus, Marie, Bachelard, Germaine, Malet, Martine, Dendale-Nguyen, Joëlle, Guimard, Thomas, Guimard, Karine, Brossier, Jean-Pierre, Perre, Philippe, Esnault, Jean-Luc, Aubry, Olivier, Leautez-Nainville, Sophie, Bonnenfant, Valerie, Laine, Laeticia, Martha, Sandrine-Anne, Maurel, Elise, Francoise, Michel, Barat, Muriel, Murger, Patricia, Rouha, Mahfoud, Lévy, Marc, Lumbroso, Philippe, Checoury, Alain, Sahadatu, Osseni, Perfezou, Pascale, Blondin, Gilles, Ansart, Séverine, De Saint Martin, Luc, Le Moine, Philippe, Duthé, Jean-Charles, Daniel, Corinne, Calvez, Christian, Boutaric, Emmanuelle, Rohan, Jennifer, Bauville, Estelle, Dupre, Christelle, Lotton, Pascal, Ouamara-digue, Enora, Poinsignon, Yves, Goussef, Marie, Grelier, Anne, Mousset, Gaetane, Cudeville, Corinne, Niault, Mathilde, Belzic, Isabelle, Moreau, Philippe, Le Coz, Marie-Françoise, Vaillant, Odile Luycx, Guerin-Duplessy, Anne, Mouton-Rioux, Virginie, De Morel, Philippe, Vitrat, Virginie, Tardif, Didier, Gaillat, Jacques, Vanderbergh, Anne, Braig, Suzanne, Clavere, Gaelle, Dehlinger-Paul, Marion, Mohamed, Khaled, Echard, Marie, Camus, Michel, Mulard, Catherine, Fontelonga, Marie-Agnès, Heller-Roussin, Brigitte, Winter, Cécile, Challier, Marion, Debruyne, Elise, Marcou, Valerie, Firtion, Ghislaine, Pannier, Emmanuelle, Costa, Myriam, Launay, Odile, Salmon-Ceron, Dominique, Belkacem, Touria, Bajawi, Youcef, Aubret, Valérie Raynal, Rivaux, Danièle, Elaoun, Neila, Allal, Lahcene, Djoubou, Sandrine, Rahli, Djamila, Moine, Agnès Bourgeois, Valentin, Morgane, Damond, Florence, Huri, Virginie, Vivier, Valérie, Yahia, Fatma Ait, Garrait, Valérie, Hau, Isabelle, Touboul, Claudine, Ratsimbazafy, Lanto, Boiron, Emilie, Elharrar, Brigitte, Labaune, Jean-Marc, Rudigoz, Rene-Charles, Brochier, Corinne, Galvan, Valérie, Ogoudjobi, Stanislas, Elleau, Christophe, Runel-Belliard, Camille, Pistone, Thierry, Fleury, Hervé, Horovitz, Jacques, Sandler, Boris, Roux, Denis, Ragnaud, Jean-Marie, Chabanier, Pierre, Brun, Jean-Luc, Delveaux, Sandrine, Muanza, Blandine, Diallo, Mama Doufari, Lamaury, Isabelle, Sow, Marie-Thérèse, Samar, Ketty, Carpentier, Bénédicte, Osman, Zafer, Dienga, Etienne, Seaume, Hervé, Ducrocq, Sarah, Bailly-Salin, Philippe, Da Silva, Christelle Dusart, Fayolas, Isabelle, Abbal, Julie, Simon-Toulza, Caroline, Truillet, Véronique, Bogner, Noëlle, Chiabrando, Julie, Armand, Evelyne, Cayla, Claudine, Chacé, Anne, Matheron, Isabelle, Richier, Laurent, Miantezila, Joe, Bry, Sandrine, Couderc, Sophie, Narcy, Catherine, Routier, Corinne, Nassar, Rania, Bouldouyre, Marie-Anne, Zakaria, Ahmed, Dauphin, Hélène, Goissen, Céline, Belloy, Marie, Delassus, Jean-Luc, Favret, Véronique, Nemeth, Céline, Partisani, Marialuisa, Entz-Werlé, Natacha, Langer, Bruno, Uettwiller, Françoise, Durand, Myriam, Partizani, MariaLuisa, Cheneau, Christine, Rey, David, Ebel, Edith, Fischer, Patricia, DAVID, Eric, Vayssière, Christophe, Weil, Michèle, Schmitt, Marie Paule, Nisand, Israël, Genet, Philippe, Brault, Dominique, Allisy, Christine, Gerbe, Juliette, Masse, Virginie, Wifaq, Bouchra, Courdavault, Laurence, Gabor, Petra, Tordjeman, Nathalie, Lebrette, Marie-Gisèle, Selleret, Lise, Samama, Déborah, Bolot, Pascal, Khuong-Josses, Marie-Aude, Amel, Mahdi, Bounan, Stéphane, Nourry, Christelle, Andris, Sabine, Blanche, Stephane, Driessen, Marine, Veber, Florence, Fischer, Alain, Rouzioux, Christine, Avettand-Fenoël, Véronique, Mahlaoui, Nizar, Mourey, Marie-Christine, Granier, Michèle, Devidas, Alain, Donnadieu, Anne-Claire, May, Adrien, Chabrol, Amélie, Chevojon, Pierre, Bellahcene, Chahrazede, Sanchez, Audrey, Malbrunot, Claire, Neizelien, Joelle, Agher, Nouara, Pluchart, Claire, Rouger, Christine, Dommergues, Marc, Bonmarchand, Manuela, Shneider, Luminata, Caby, Fabienne, Calin, Ruxandra-Oana, Blanc, Christine, Lupin, Catherine, Pauchard, Michèle, Yangui, Mohamed Amine, Roca, Didier, Todorova, Darina, Laurent, Juliette, Ferry, A., Deschaud, Martine, Blum, Laurent, Chambrin, Véronique, Labrune, Philippe, Clech, Laure, Raho-Moussa, Mariem, Pauly-Ravelly, Isolde, Jault, Thierry, Bouabdallah, Soufiane, Sanchez, Lydie, Sanchez, Anita, Johnson, Ama, Louchard, Agnès, Allouche, Claude, Pathe, Jean-Paul, Lachassine, Eric, Benoist, Laurence, Jeantils, Vincent, Delannoy, Catherine, Benbara, Amélie, Carbillon, Lionel, Borgne, Anne, Moreau, Laurence, PICARD, Fabienne, Karaoui, Leïla, Elbert, Véronique Lefevre, Balaz, Valérie, Bongain, André, Monpoux, Fabrice, Deville, Anne, Galiba, Eliane, Jabbar, Ahmed, Joutel, Martine, Schmidt, Jean-Luc, Decaux, Nathalie, Cravello, Ludovic, Errichiello, Katia, Hubert, Claire, Dollfus, Catherine, Hervé, François, Tabone, Marie-Dominique, Courcoux, Mary-France, Leverger, Guy, Kayem, Gilles, Schnurgier, Aurélie, Jensen, Aurore, Vaudre, Geneviève, Pinquier, Didier, Gromez, Alexis, Pinto-Cardoso, Gaelle, Faye, Albert, Borie, Constance, Levine, Martine, Matheron, Sophie, Marouts, Erianna Bellaton, Boissinot, Christine, Caseris, Marion, Pommelet, Virginie, Morau, Geneviève, Leveille, Sandrine, Boumediene, Marie Astride, Garion, Dominique, Peretti, Delphine, Fourcade, Corinne, Houllier, Marie, Jrad, Ikram, Bourdic, Katia, Monnier, Sylvie, Chirouze, Catherine, Proust, Aurélie, Catteau, Odile, Gardiennet, Quentin, Reliquet, Véronique, Winer, Norbert, Vaucel, Edouard, Rodallec, Audrey, Garnier-André, Elisabeth, Briandet, Claire, Brouard, Jacques, Goubin, Pascale, Beucher, Gaël, Dina, Julia, Demersay, Arnaud Chalvon, Tassi, Sylvie, Lavarenne, Gaelle, Rajguru, Mandovi, Messaoudi, Fabienne, Carré, Nathalie, Rajguru, Mandavi, Bobrie-Moyrand, Claire, Foucaud, Pierre, Bernard, Louis, Maakroun, Zoha, Bourgault, Olivier, Kebaili, Kamila, Bertrand, Yves, Alixe, Véronique, Boyer, Emeline, Billiemaz, Kareen, Fanget, Cécile, Ronat, Véronique, Lesauder, Catherine, Lavastre, Marie Laure, Moulin, Alice, Turquini, Marie-France, Colombani, Dominique, Belgodere, Danièle, Fialaire, Pascale, Proust, Stéphanie, Rehaiem, Sami, Mesnard, Louis, Werner, Evelyne, Dukiel, Nathalie, Desmergers, Baya, Blanc-Ruffat, Isabelle, Maraux, Barbara, Coursol, Anne, Castaneda, Julie, Etienne, Lise, Vintejoux, Emmanuelle, Lalande, Muriel, Segondy, Michel, Guigue, Nelly, De Gennes, Christiane, Clavel, Cyril, Cazassus, François, Walter, Véronique, Mazingue, Françoise, Hammou, Yamina, Lagree, Marion, Paquiez, Odile, D’angelo, Sophie, Boquet, Laurence, Ajana, Faiza, Hatchuel, Yves, Nahri, Imad, Zebelus, Jenny, Genet, Claire, Ducroix-Roubertou, Sophie, Aubrard, Yves, Constanty, Anne, Weinbreck, Pierre, Piet, Emilie, Jacquier, Françoise, Michaud, Christophe, Safwan, Hassan, Boutet, Arnaud, Grand-Courault, Carole, Autret, Fanny, Habibi, Fakher, Azria, Elie, Abdelhadi, Mohamed, Elenga, Narcisse, Bocket, Laurence, Taillet, Françoise, Palenzuela, Gilles, Khadly, Redouane, Pierronnet, Danielle, Dos-Santos, Emmanuelle, David, Selva, Makhloufi, Djamila, Brunel-Dalmas, Florence, Carbonnel-Delalande, Elisabeth, Chiarello, Pierre, Godinot, Matthieu, Gilbert, Sylvie, Massardier, Jérôme, Gauthier-Moulinier, Hélène, Fernandes, Elisabeth, Ranaivojaona, Sata, Chevry, Coralie, CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service de Maladies infectieuses et tropicales [CHU Tenon], CHU Tenon [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Service des maladies infectieuses et réanimation médicale [Rennes] = Infectious Disease and Intensive Care [Rennes], CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), Département de maladies infectieuses, Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Recherches Translationnelles sur le VIH et les maladies infectieuses endémiques er émergentes (TransVIHMI), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Yaoundé I-Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Hôpital Louis Mourier - AP-HP [Colombes], Chirurgie Gynécologique et Obstétrique (CGO), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Département d'infectiologie [AP-HP Hôpital Louis Mourier, Colombes], Faculté de Médecine Paris-Diderot [Paris], Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Service de Médecine Interne [AP-HP, CHU Beaujon], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Beaujon [AP-HP], Service de médecine interne, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Hôpital Beaujon [AP-HP], Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal Toulon-La Seyne sur Mer - Hôpital Sainte-Musse, Service de pédiatrie, Centre Hospitalier Chalon-sur-Saône William Morey, CH de Lorient, Laboratoire de Traitement de l'Information Medicale (LaTIM), Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Télécom Bretagne-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Brest (CHRU Brest), Département de Médecine Interne et Pneumologie [Brest] (DMIP - Brest), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Brest (CHRU Brest), Unité d'hémato-oncologie, CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], Pôle Médico-Chirurgical de Pédiatrie et de Génétique Clinique, Néonatologie, Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Service de Gynécologie et Obstétrique [Rennes] = Gynaecology [Rennes], CH Bretagne Sud, Centre d'Investigations Biomédicales - Hématologie - Oncologie - Greffes (CIB-HOG), Centre d'Investigations Biomédicales - Hématologie - Oncologie - Greffes-Hopital St Louis, Centre Hospitalier Annecy-Genevois [Saint-Julien-en-Genevois], Service des Maladies Infectieuses, Centre Hospitalier de la Région d'Annecy (Pringy), University of Warwick [Coventry], Physiopathologie et Pharmacotoxicologie Placentaire Humaine (U1139), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Hôpital Cochin [AP-HP], Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), Service de Virologie [CHU Bichat], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-AP-HP - Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard [Paris], Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse [CHU - HCL], Réseau périnatal Aurore, Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), CHU Bordeaux [Bordeaux], pôle gynécologie-obstétrique et médecine foetale, Laboratoire Rhéologie et Procédés (LRP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Fédération des Maladies Infectieuses [Bordeaux], CHU de Bordeaux Pellegrin [Bordeaux], Centre de compétences des microangiopathies thrombotiques, department of pathology, university hospital, parakou, CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe], Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales[Point-à-Pitre], Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique [Bicêtre], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Bicêtre, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), CHU Strasbourg, Développement et physiopathologie de l'intestin et du pancréas, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service de gynécologie–obstétrique, CHU Strasbourg-Hôpital de Hautepierre [Strasbourg], CHRU Strasbourg, Département d'échographie et de Médecine fœtale, SIHCUS-CMCO, Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique, CHI Poissy-Saint-Germain, Centre Hospitalier Victor Dupouy, Service d'informatique médicale et biostatistiques [CHU Necker], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Hôpital d'Argenteuil, Centre Hospitalier de Saint-Denis [Ile-de-France], Hôpital Delafontaine, Recherche Epidémiologique en Santé Périnatale et Santé des Femmes et des Enfants (UMR_S 953), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Laboratoire de microbilogie & unité d'immunologie, hématologie et rhumatologie pédiatriques, Developpement Normal et Pathologique du Système Immunitaire, Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Chaire Médecine expérimentale (A. Fischer), Collège de France (CdF (institution)), Laboratoire de Virologie [CHU Necker], Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC), IFR Necker-Enfants Malades (IRNEM), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Médecine néonatale, Centre Hospitalier Sud Francilien, Service de pneumologie [Béclère], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-AP-HP - Hôpital Antoine Béclère [Clamart], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Reims (CHU Reims), Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique, Maternité, Chirurgie Gynécologique [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], Service de médecine interne [CHU Pitié-Salpétrière], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Croissance cellulaire, réparation et régénération tissulaires (CRRET), Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hôpital Antoine Béclère, Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Centre de Référence Maladies Héréditaires du Métabolisme Hépatique [Hôpital Antoine Béclère - APHP (CRMR), Service de rhumatologie [CHU Saint-Antoine], CHU Saint-Antoine [AP-HP], Service de gynécologie-obstétrique [Hôpital Jean Verdier], Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Hôpital Jean Verdier [AP-HP], Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique-Reproduction, Hôpital l'Archet, Service d'Hémato-oncologie Pédiatrique [CHU Nice], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice (CHU Nice), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy (CHRU Nancy), CHU Trousseau [APHP], Service d'hématologie-immunologie-oncologie pédiatrique [CHU Trousseau], Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Trousseau [APHP], Epidémiologie Clinique et Evaluation Economique Appliquées aux Populations Vulnérables (ECEVE (U1123 / UMR_S_1123)), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-AP-HP Hôpital universitaire Robert-Debré [Paris], Service des maladies infectieuses et tropicales, Service de pédiatrie générale, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Robert Debré-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Institut Pasteur du Laos, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), AP-HP Hôpital Bicêtre (Le Kremlin-Bicêtre), Service de Gynécologie Obstétrique, Service de Médecine Interne et Immunologie clinique [AP-HP Hôpital Bicêtre], Hôpital Bicêtre, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), service de maladies infectieuses CHU J Minjoz Besancon, Service des maladies infectieuses et tropicales [CHU Nantes], Physiopathologie des Adaptations Nutritionnelles (PhAN), Université de Nantes - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (UFR MEDECINE), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Service de virologie [CHU Nantes], Service de Pédiatrie Enfants - Hématologie Oncologie [CHU de Dijon], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand (CHU Dijon), Service de Pédiatrie Médicale [Caen], Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-CHU Caen, Normandie Université (NU)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN), Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique et Médecine de la Reproduction [CHU Caen], Service de Virologie [CHU Caen], CHU Caen, Normandie Université (NU)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN)-Normandie Université (NU)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN), Service de Médecine Interne et Maladies Infectieuses [Tours], Service d'hématologie : Immuno-Hématologie pédiatrique et transplantation de moelle osseuse, Hôpital Debrousse, CHU Saint-Etienne, Centre population et développement (CEPED - UMR_D 196), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), Médecine Néonatale et Réanimation Pédiatrique, CH René Dubos, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nîmes (CHU Nîmes), Pathogénèse et contrôle des infections chroniques (PCCI), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier (CHU Montpellier ), Hôpital Jeanne de Flandres, Université de Lille, Droit et Santé-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales [Hôpital Gustave Dron, Tourcoing], Centre Hospitalier Gustave Dron [Tourcoing], 'Personal Protection Against Vectors' working group (PPAV), PPAV working group, Service des Maladies infectieuses et tropicales [CHU Limoges], CHU Limoges, Equipe de Recherche Médicale Appliquée (ERMA), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-CHU Limoges-Génomique, Environnement, Immunité, Santé, Thérapeutique (GEIST FR CNRS 3503), CHU Annecy, Service de Pédiatrie, Centre hospitalier de Saint-Nazaire, EA 3593 Université des Antilles et de la Guyane, Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française]-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Laboratoire de virologie [CHU Lille], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), Service de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales [Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse - HCL], Service d'immunologie, Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Hôpital Edouard Herriot [CHU - HCL], Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant [CHU - HCL] (HFME), Centre Hospitalier de Basse-Terre, Recherches Translationnelles sur le VIH et les maladies infectieuses endémiques et émergentes (TransVIHMI), Université de Rennes (UR), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), Collège de France - Chaire Médecine expérimentale (A. Fischer), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne [CHU Saint-Etienne] (CHU ST-E), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), ANRS CO1/CO11, French national, Viral Hepatitis, Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Service des maladies infectieuses et tropicales [CHU Tenon], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Yaoundé I-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1), Hôpital Beaujon [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-Télécom Bretagne-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Brest (CHRU Brest)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Hôpital des Enfants, CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), CH Evry-Corbeil-CH Evry-Corbeil, CH Evry-Corbeil, Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Hôpital Jean Verdier [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris 13 (UP13), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-AP-HP - Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard [Paris], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU Tours), Laboratoire d'Electrotechnique de Lyon (LEL), École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon, Génomique, Environnement, Immunité, Santé, Thérapeutique (GEIST FR CNRS 3503)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-CHU Limoges, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-AP-HP Hôpital universitaire Robert-Debré [Paris], Normandie Université (NU)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN)-Normandie Université (NU)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU TOURS), and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier (CHU Montpellier )-Université de Montpellier (UM)

Subjects
rilpivirine, viral suppression, hiv, hiv-1, pregnancy, conception, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, virology
Abstract

International audience; BackgroundSafety data about rilpivirine use during pregnancy remain scarce, and rilpivirine plasma concentrations are reduced during second/third trimesters, with a potential risk of viral breakthroughs. Thus, French guidelines recommend switching to rilpivirine-free combinations (RFCs) during pregnancy.ObjectivesTo describe the characteristics of women initiating pregnancy while on rilpivirine and to compare the outcomes for virologically suppressed subjects continuing rilpivirine until delivery versus switching to an RFC.MethodsIn the ANRS-EPF French Perinatal cohort, we included women on rilpivirine at conception in 2010–18. Pregnancy outcomes were compared between patients continuing versus interrupting rilpivirine. In women with documented viral suppression (

Published
2020
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50. Transcriptome profiling of laser-captured crown root primordia reveals new pathways activated during early stages of crown root formation in rice

Author

Lavarenne, Jérémy, primary, Gonin, Mathieu, additional, Champion, Antony, additional, Javelle, Marie, additional, Adam, Hélène, additional, Rouster, Jacques, additional, Conejéro, Geneviève, additional, Lartaud, Marc, additional, Verdeil, Jean-Luc, additional, Laplaze, Laurent, additional, Sallaud, Christophe, additional, Lucas, Mikael, additional, and Gantet, Pascal, additional

Published
2020
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