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20,545 results on '"Laux A"'

1. An efficient volume-preserving MBO scheme for data clustering and classification

Author

Krämer, Fabius and Laux, Tim

Subjects
Mathematics - Analysis of PDEs, Mathematics - Combinatorics, Mathematics - Differential Geometry, Mathematics - Numerical Analysis, 68Q25, 90C10 (Primary), 53E10, 58J35, 53Z50, 49Q20, 49Q05
Abstract

We propose and study a novel efficient algorithm for clustering and classification tasks based on the famous MBO scheme. On the one hand, inspired by Jacobs et al. [J. Comp. Phys. 2018], we introduce constraints on the size of clusters leading to a linear integer problem. We prove that the solution to this problem is induced by a novel order statistic. This viewpoint allows us to develop exact and highly efficient algorithms to solve such constrained integer problems. On the other hand, we prove an estimate of the computational complexity of our scheme, which is better than any available provable bounds for the state of the art. This rigorous analysis is based on a variational viewpoint that connects this scheme to volume-preserving mean curvature flow in the big data and small time-step limit., Comment: 61 pages, 9 figures

Published
2024

2. Median filter method for mean curvature flow using a random Jacobi algorithm

Author

Ullrich, Anton and Laux, Tim

Subjects
Mathematics - Analysis of PDEs, Mathematics - Numerical Analysis, 53E10 (Primary), 35D40, 60D05 (Secondary)
Abstract

We present an efficient scheme for level set mean curvature flow using a domain discretization and median filters. For this scheme, we show convergence in $L^\infty$-norm under mild assumptions on the number of points in the discretization. In addition, we strengthen the weak convergence result for the MBO thresholding scheme applied to data clustering of Lelmi and one of the authors. This is done through a strong convergence of the discretized heat flow in the optimal regime. Different boundary conditions are also discussed., Comment: 56 pages, 7 figures

Published
2024

3. Enhancing CTC-Based Visual Speech Recognition

Author

Laux, Hendrik and Schmeink, Anke

Subjects
Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Computer Science - Sound, Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Audio and Speech Processing
Abstract

This paper presents LiteVSR2, an enhanced version of our previously introduced efficient approach to Visual Speech Recognition (VSR). Building upon our knowledge distillation framework from a pre-trained Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) model, we introduce two key improvements: a stabilized video preprocessing technique and feature normalization in the distillation process. These improvements yield substantial performance gains on the LRS2 and LRS3 benchmarks, positioning LiteVSR2 as the current best CTC-based VSR model without increasing the volume of training data or computational resources utilized. Furthermore, we explore the scalability of our approach by examining performance metrics across varying model complexities and training data volumes. LiteVSR2 maintains the efficiency of its predecessor while significantly enhancing accuracy, thereby demonstrating the potential for resource-efficient advancements in VSR technology.

Published
2024

4. Learning from the Pandemic: School Counsellor Experience during the Pandemic in the United States

Author

Malvika Behl, Leigh Green, Elizabeth Garcia, and John Laux

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic affected the education sector worldwide; forcing a transition from face-to-face to a virtual environment and impacting the role of educators in schools. Like others, school counsellors transitioned to a virtual role, changing their approach to counselling. The purpose of this mixed methods study using a sample of 163 certified, licensed school counsellors in the United States and its territories, was to understand how the pandemic affected their roles and responsibilities. Data was collected using an online survey. Not surprisingly, results showed a marked increase in the number of direct counselling services (e.g. individual and group counselling, student academic planning and crisis response) delivered online. However, the findings indicated a lack of confidence and training amongst participants when delivering counselling online. Participants discussed feeling overwhelmed to effectively advocate for themselves to deliver school counselling services in a virtual setting. Qualitative data illustrated the different ethical concerns school counsellors faced. The school counsellor experience, both positive and negative, and recommended changes in policies and training requirements at the local, state and national levels and implications for curriculum for counsellor education programmes, are discussed.

Published
2024
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5. Implementing the draft Graph Query Language Standard

Author

Crowe, Malcolm and Laux, Fritz

Subjects
Computer Science - Databases, H.1, H.3
Abstract

The International Standards Organization (ISO) is developing a new standard for Graph Query Language, with a particular focus on graph patterns with repeating paths. The Linked Database Benchmark Council (LDBC) has developed benchmarks to test proposed implementations. Their Financial Benchmark includes a novel requirement for truncation of results. This paper presents an open-source implementation of the benchmark workloads and truncation., Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures

Published
2024

6. Database Technology Evolution III: Knowledge Graphs and Linked Data

Author

Crowe, Malcolm and Laux, Fritz

Subjects
Computer Science - Databases, H.1, H.3
Abstract

This paper reviews the changes for database technology represented by the current development of the draft international standard ISO 39075 (Database Languages - GQL), which seeks a unified specification for property graphs and knowledge graphs. This paper examines these current developments as part of our review of the evolution of database technology, and their relation to the longer-term goal of supporting the Semantic Web using relational technology., Comment: 10 pages, 2 figures

Published
2024

7. Implementing the Typed Graph Data Model Using Relational Database Technology

Author

Crowe, Malcolm and Laux, Fritz

Subjects
Computer Science - Databases, H.1, H.2, H.3
Abstract

Recent standardization work for database languages has reflected the growing use of typed graph models (TGM) in application development. Such data models are frequently only used early in the design process, and not reflected directly in underlying physical database. In previous work, we have added support to a relational database management system (RDBMS) with role-based structures to ensure that relevant data models are not separately declared in each application but are an important part of the database implementation. In this work, we implement this approach for the TGM: the resulting database implementation is novel in retaining the best features of the graph-based and relational database technologies., Comment: 12 pages, 8 figures, 2 tables. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2303.12376

Published
2024

11. A mean curvature flow arising in adversarial training

Author

Bungert, Leon, Laux, Tim, and Stinson, Kerrek

Subjects
Mathematics - Analysis of PDEs, Computer Science - Machine Learning, 28A75, 35D40, 49J45, 53E10, 68T05
Abstract

We connect adversarial training for binary classification to a geometric evolution equation for the decision boundary. Relying on a perspective that recasts adversarial training as a regularization problem, we introduce a modified training scheme that constitutes a minimizing movements scheme for a nonlocal perimeter functional. We prove that the scheme is monotone and consistent as the adversarial budget vanishes and the perimeter localizes, and as a consequence we rigorously show that the scheme approximates a weighted mean curvature flow. This highlights that the efficacy of adversarial training may be due to locally minimizing the length of the decision boundary. In our analysis, we introduce a variety of tools for working with the subdifferential of a supremal-type nonlocal total variation and its regularity properties.

Published
2024
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12. A weak-strong uniqueness principle for the Mullins-Sekerka equation

Author

Fischer, Julian, Hensel, Sebastian, Laux, Tim, and Simon, Theresa M.

Subjects
Mathematics - Analysis of PDEs
Abstract

We establish a weak-strong uniqueness principle for the two-phase Mullins-Sekerka equation in the plane: As long as a classical solution to the evolution problem exists, any weak De Giorgi type varifold solution (see for this notion the recent work of Stinson and the second author, Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal. 248, 8, 2024) must coincide with it. In particular, in the absence of geometric singularities such weak solutions do not introduce a mechanism for (unphysical) non-uniqueness. We also derive a stability estimate with respect to changes in the data. Our method is based on the notion of relative entropies for interface evolution problems, a reduction argument to a perturbative graph setting (which is the only step in our argument exploiting in an essential way the planar setting), and a stability analysis in this perturbative regime relying crucially on the gradient flow structure of the Mullins-Sekerka equation., Comment: 48 pages

Published
2024

18. Multicenter external validation of prediction models for clinical outcomes after spinal fusion for lumbar degenerative disease

Author

Grob, Alexandra, Rohr, Jonas, Stumpo, Vittorio, Vieli, Moira, Ciobanu-Caraus, Olga, Ricciardi, Luca, Maldaner, Nicolai, Raco, Antonino, Miscusi, Massimo, Perna, Andrea, Proietti, Luca, Lofrese, Giorgio, Dughiero, Michele, Cultrera, Francesco, D’Andrea, Marcello, An, Seong Bae, Ha, Yoon, Amelot, Aymeric, Bedia Cadelo, Jorge, Viñuela-Prieto, Jose M., Gandía-González, Maria L., Girod, Pierre-Pascal, Lener, Sara, Kögl, Nikolaus, Abramovic, Anto, Laux, Christoph J., Farshad, Mazda, O’Riordan, Dave, Loibl, Markus, Galbusera, Fabio, Mannion, Anne F., Scerrati, Alba, De Bonis, Pasquale, Molliqaj, Granit, Tessitore, Enrico, Schröder, Marc L., Stienen, Martin N., Regli, Luca, Serra, Carlo, and Staartjes, Victor E.

Published
2024
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19. Improving Task Instructions for Data Annotators: How Clear Rules and Higher Pay Increase Performance in Data Annotation in the AI Economy

Author

Laux, Johann, Stephany, Fabian, and Liefgreen, Alice

Subjects
Economics - General Economics, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence, Statistics - Applications
Abstract

The global surge in AI applications is transforming industries, leading to displacement and complementation of existing jobs, while also giving rise to new employment opportunities. Data annotation, encompassing the labelling of images or annotating of texts by human workers, crucially influences the quality of a dataset directly influences the quality of AI models trained on it. This paper delves into the economics of data annotation, with a specific focus on the impact of task instruction design (that is, the choice between rules and standards as theorised in law and economics) and monetary incentives on data quality and costs. An experimental study involving 307 data annotators examines six groups with varying task instructions (norms) and monetary incentives. Results reveal that annotators provided with clear rules exhibit higher accuracy rates, outperforming those with vague standards by 14%. Similarly, annotators receiving an additional monetary incentive perform significantly better, with the highest accuracy rate recorded in the group working with both clear rules and incentives (87.5% accuracy). In addition, our results show that rules are perceived as being more helpful by annotators than standards and reduce annotators' difficulty in annotating images. These empirical findings underscore the double benefit of rule-based instructions on both data quality and worker wellbeing. Our research design allows us to reveal that, in our study, rules are more cost-efficient in increasing accuracy than monetary incentives. The paper contributes experimental insights to discussions on the economical, ethical, and legal considerations of AI technologies. Addressing policymakers and practitioners, we emphasise the need for a balanced approach in optimising data annotation processes for efficient and ethical AI development and usage., Comment: 38 pages, 8 figures, 2 tables

Published
2023

20. LiteVSR: Efficient Visual Speech Recognition by Learning from Speech Representations of Unlabeled Data

Author

Laux, Hendrik, Mededovic, Emil, Hallawa, Ahmed, Martin, Lukas, Peine, Arne, and Schmeink, Anke

Subjects
Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Computer Science - Sound, Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Audio and Speech Processing
Abstract

This paper proposes a novel, resource-efficient approach to Visual Speech Recognition (VSR) leveraging speech representations produced by any trained Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) model. Moving away from the resource-intensive trends prevalent in recent literature, our method distills knowledge from a trained Conformer-based ASR model, achieving competitive performance on standard VSR benchmarks with significantly less resource utilization. Using unlabeled audio-visual data only, our baseline model achieves a word error rate (WER) of 47.4% and 54.7% on the LRS2 and LRS3 test benchmarks, respectively. After fine-tuning the model with limited labeled data, the word error rate reduces to 35% (LRS2) and 45.7% (LRS3). Our model can be trained on a single consumer-grade GPU within a few days and is capable of performing real-time end-to-end VSR on dated hardware, suggesting a path towards more accessible and resource-efficient VSR methodologies., Comment: Accepted for publication at ICASSP 2024

Published
2023

26. Quantitative convergence of the nonlocal Allen--Cahn equation to volume-preserving mean curvature flow

Author

Kroemer, Milan and Laux, Tim

Subjects
Mathematics - Analysis of PDEs, 53E10, 35K57
Abstract

We prove a quantitative convergence result of the nonlocal Allen--Cahn equation to volume-preserving mean curvature flow. The proof uses gradient flow calibrations and the relative entropy method, which has been used in the recent literature to prove weak-strong uniqueness results for mean curvature flow and convergence of the Allen--Cahn equation. A crucial difference in this work is a new notion of gradient flow calibrations. We add a tangential component to the velocity field in order to prove the Gronwall estimate for the relative energy. This allows us to derive the optimal convergence rate without having to show the closeness of the Lagrange-multipliers.

Published
2023

28. O$|$R$|$P$|$E -- A Data Semantics Driven Concurrency Control

Author

Lessner, Tim, Laux, Fritz, and Connolly, Thomas M

Subjects
Computer Science - Databases
Abstract

This paper presents a concurrency control mechanism that does not follow a 'one concurrency control mechanism fits all needs' strategy. With the presented mechanism a transaction runs under several concurrency control mechanisms and the appropriate one is chosen based on the accessed data. For this purpose, the data is divided into four classes based on its access type and usage (semantics). Class $O$ (the optimistic class) implements a first-committer-wins strategy, class $R$ (the reconciliation class) implements a first-n-committers-win strategy, class $P$ (the pessimistic class) implements a first-reader-wins strategy, and class $E$ (the escrow class) implements a first-n-readers-win strategy. Accordingly, the model is called \PeFS. The selected concurrency control mechanism may be automatically adapted at run-time according to the current load or a known usage profile. This run-time adaptation allows \Pe to balance the commit rate and the response time even under changing conditions. \Pe outperforms the Snapshot Isolation concurrency control in terms of response time by a factor of approximately 4.5 under heavy transactional load (4000 concurrent transactions). As consequence, the degree of concurrency is 3.2 times higher., Comment: 20 pages, 7 tables, 15 figures

Published
2023

29. SQL Access Patterns for Optimistic Concurrency Control

Author

Laux, Fritz and Laiho, Martti

Subjects
Computer Science - Databases
Abstract

Transaction processing is of growing importance for mobile and web applications. Booking tickets, flight reservation, e-Banking, e-Payment, and booking holiday arrangements are just a few examples. Due to temporarily disconnected situations the synchronization and consistent transaction processing are key issues. To avoid difficulties with blocked transactions or communication loss several authors and technology providers have recommended to use Optimistic Concurrency Control (OCC) to solve the problem. However most vendors of Relational Database Management Systems (DBMS) implemented only locking schemes for concurrency control which prohibit the immediate use of OCC. We propose Row Version Verifying (RVV) discipline to avoid lost updates and achieve a kind of OCC for those DBMS not providing an adequate non-blocking concurrency control. Moreover, the different mechanisms are categorized as access pattern in order to provide programmers with a general guideline for SQL databases. The proposed SQL access patterns are relevant for all transactional applications with unreliable communication and low conflicting situations. We demonstrate the proposed solution using mainstream database systems like Oracle, DB2, and SQLServer., Comment: 5 pages, 1 figure

Published
2023
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31. Identification of CRTH2 as a New PPARγ-Target Gene in T Cells Suggested CRTH2 Dependent Conversion of Th2 Cells as Therapeutic Concept in COVID-19 Infection

Author

Becker A, Röhrich K, Leske A, Heinicke U, Knape T, Kannt A, Trümper V, Sohn K, Wilken-Schmitz A, Neb H, Adam EH, Laux V, Parnham MJ, Onasch V, Weigert A, Zacharowski K, and von Knethen A

Subjects
treg, pparγ, th2, covid-19, ngs, il-4, crth2, foxp3, Immunologic diseases. Allergy, RC581-607
Abstract

Antonia Becker,1 Karoline Röhrich,1 Amanda Leske,1 Ulrike Heinicke,1 Tilo Knape,2 Aimo Kannt,2,3 Verena Trümper,4 Kai Sohn,5 Annett Wilken-Schmitz,1 Holger Neb,1 Elisabeth H Adam,1 Volker Laux,2 Michael J Parnham,2 Valerie Onasch,4 Andreas Weigert,4 Kai Zacharowski,1,2 Andreas von Knethen1 1Goethe University Frankfurt, Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine, and Pain Therapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, 60590, Germany; 2Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Frankfurt, 60596, Germany; 3Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe University, Frankfurt, 60590, Germany; 4Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, 60590, Germany; 5Innovation Field in-vitro Diagnostics, Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB, Stuttgart, 70569, GermanyCorrespondence: Andreas von Knethen, Email andreas.vonknethen@ukffm.deBackground: COVID-19 is a serious viral infection, which is often associated with a lethal outcome. Therefore, understanding mechanisms, which affect the immune response during SARS-CoV2 infection, are important.Methods: To address this, we determined the number of T cells in peripheral blood derived from intensive care COVID-19 patients. Based on our previous studies, evaluating PPARγ-dependent T cell apoptosis in sepsis patients, we monitored PPARγ expression. We performed a next generation sequencing approach to identify putative PPARγ-target genes in Jurkat T cells and used a PPARγ transactivation assay in HEK293T cells. Finally, we translated these data to primary T cells derived from healthy donors.Results: A significantly reduced count of total CD3+ T lymphocytes and the CD4+ and CD8+ subpopulations was observed. Also, the numbers of anti-inflammatory, resolutive Th 2 cells and FoxP3-positive regulatory T cells (Treg) were decreased. We observed an augmented PPARγ expression in CD4+ T cells of intensive care COVID-19 patients. Adapted from a next generation sequencing approach in Jurkat T cells, we found the chemoattractant receptor‐homologous molecule expressed on T helper type 2 cells (CRTH2) as one gene regulated by PPARγ in T cells. This Th 2 marker is a receptor for prostaglandin D and its metabolic degradation product 15-deoxy-∆12,14-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2), an established endogenous PPARγ agonist. In line, we observed an increased PPARγ transactivation in response to 15d-PGJ2 treatment in HEK293T cells overexpressing CRTH2. Translating these data to primary T cells, we found that Th 2 differentiation was associated with an increased expression of CRTH2. Interestingly, these CRTH2+ T cells were prone to apoptosis.Conclusion: These mechanistic data suggest an involvement of PPARγ in Th 2 differentiation and T cell depletion in COVID-19 patients.Keywords: Treg, PPARγ, Th 2, COVID-19, NGS, IL-4, CRTH2, FoxP3

Published
2024

32. Automatic breach detection during spine pedicle drilling based on vibroacoustic sensing

Author

Massalimova, Aidana, Timmermans, Maikel, Cavalcanti, Nicola, Suter, Daniel, Seibold, Matthias, Carrillo, Fabio, Laux, Christoph J., Sutter, Reto, Farshad, Mazda, Denis, Kathleen, and Fürnstahl, Philipp

Subjects
Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Abstract

Pedicle drilling is a complex and critical spinal surgery task. Detecting breach or penetration of the surgical tool to the cortical wall during pilot-hole drilling is essential to avoid damage to vital anatomical structures adjacent to the pedicle, such as the spinal cord, blood vessels, and nerves. Currently, the guidance of pedicle drilling is done using image-guided methods that are radiation intensive and limited to the preoperative information. This work proposes a new radiation-free breach detection algorithm leveraging a non-visual sensor setup in combination with deep learning approach. Multiple vibroacoustic sensors, such as a contact microphone, a free-field microphone, a tri-axial accelerometer, a uni-axial accelerometer, and an optical tracking system were integrated into the setup. Data were collected on four cadaveric human spines, ranging from L5 to T10. An experienced spine surgeon drilled the pedicles relying on optical navigation. A new automatic labeling method based on the tracking data was introduced. Labeled data was subsequently fed to the network in mel-spectrograms, classifying the data into breach and non-breach. Different sensor types, sensor positioning, and their combinations were evaluated. The best results in breach recall for individual sensors could be achieved using contact microphones attached to the dorsal skin (85.8\%) and uni-axial accelerometers clamped to the spinous process of the drilled vertebra (81.0\%). The best-performing data fusion model combined the latter two sensors with a breach recall of 98\%. The proposed method shows the great potential of non-visual sensor fusion for avoiding screw misplacement and accidental bone breaches during pedicle drilling and could be extended to further surgical applications.

Published
2023

33. Graph Data Models and Relational Database Technology

Author

Crowe, Malcolm and Laux, Fritz

Subjects
Computer Science - Databases
Abstract

Recent work on database application development platforms has sought to include a declarative formulation of a conceptual data model in the application code, using annotations or attributes. Some recent work has used metadata to include the details of such formulations in the physical database, and this approach brings significant advantages in that the model can be enforced across a range of applications for a single database. In previous work, we have discussed the advantages for enterprise integration of typed graph data models (TGM), which can play a similar role in graphical databases, leveraging the existing support for the unified modelling language UML. Ideally, the integration of systems designed with different models, for example, graphical and relational database, should also be supported. In this work, we implement this approach, using metadata in a relational database management system (DBMS)., Comment: 5 pages, 1 figure

Published
2023

34. Database Technology Evolution

Author

Crowe, Malcolm and Laux, Fritz

Subjects
Computer Science - Databases
Abstract

This paper reviews suggestions for changes to database technology coming from the work of many researchers, particularly those working with evolving big data. We discuss new approaches to remote data access and standards that better provide for durability and auditability in settings including business and scientific computing. We propose ways in which the language standards could evolve, with proof-of-concept implementations on Github., Comment: 11 pages, 2 figures

Published
2023

35. Search for bottom quark associated production of the standard model Higgs boson in final states with leptons in proton-proton collisions at s=13TeV

Author

A. Hayrapetyan, A. Tumasyan, W. Adam, J.W. Andrejkovic, T. Bergauer, S. Chatterjee, K. Damanakis, M. Dragicevic, P.S. Hussain, M. Jeitler, N. Krammer, A. Li, D. Liko, I. Mikulec, J. Schieck, R. Schöfbeck, D. Schwarz, M. Sonawane, W. Waltenberger, C.-E. Wulz, T. Janssen, T. Van Laer, P. Van Mechelen, N. Breugelmans, J. D'Hondt, S. Dansana, A. De Moor, M. Delcourt, F. Heyen, S. Lowette, I. Makarenko, D. Müller, S. Tavernier, M. Tytgat, G.P. Van Onsem, S. Van Putte, D. Vannerom, B. Bilin, B. Clerbaux, A.K. Das, G. De Lentdecker, H. Evard, L. Favart, P. Gianneios, J. Jaramillo, A. Khalilzadeh, F.A. Khan, K. Lee, M. Mahdavikhorrami, A. Malara, S. Paredes, M.A. Shahzad, L. Thomas, M. Vanden Bemden, C. Vander Velde, P. Vanlaer, M. De Coen, D. Dobur, G. Gokbulut, Y. Hong, J. Knolle, L. Lambrecht, D. Marckx, K. Mota Amarilo, K. Skovpen, N. Van Den Bossche, J. van der Linden, L. Wezenbeek, A. Benecke, A. Bethani, G. Bruno, C. Caputo, J. De Favereau De Jeneret, C. Delaere, I.S. Donertas, A. Giammanco, A.O. Guzel, Sa. Jain, V. Lemaitre, J. Lidrych, P. Mastrapasqua, T.T. Tran, S. Wertz, G.A. Alves, M. Alves Gallo Pereira, E. Coelho, G. Correia Silva, C. Hensel, T. Menezes De Oliveira, C. Mora Herrera, A. Moraes, P. Rebello Teles, M. Soeiro, A. Vilela Pereira, W.L. Aldá Júnior, M. Barroso Ferreira Filho, H. Brandao Malbouisson, W. Carvalho, J. Chinellato, E.M. Da Costa, G.G. Da Silveira, D. De Jesus Damiao, S. Fonseca De Souza, R. Gomes De Souza, T. Laux Kuhn, M. Macedo, J. Martins, L. Mundim, H. Nogima, J.P. Pinheiro, A. Santoro, A. Sznajder, M. Thiel, C.A. Bernardes, L. Calligaris, T.R. Fernandez Perez Tomei, E.M. Gregores, I. Maietto Silverio, P.G. Mercadante, S.F. Novaes, B. Orzari, Sandra S. Padula, A. Aleksandrov, G. Antchev, R. Hadjiiska, P. Iaydjiev, M. Misheva, M. Shopova, G. Sultanov, A. Dimitrov, L. Litov, B. Pavlov, P. Petkov, A. Petrov, E. Shumka, S. Keshri, D. Laroze, S. Thakur, T. Cheng, T. Javaid, L. Yuan, Z. Hu, Z. Liang, J. Liu, K. Yi, G.M. Chen, H.S. Chen, M. Chen, F. Iemmi, C.H. Jiang, A. Kapoor, H. Liao, Z.-A. Liu, R. Sharma, J.N. Song, J. Tao, C. Wang, J. Wang, Z. Wang, H. Zhang, J. Zhao, A. Agapitos, Y. Ban, S. Deng, B. Guo, C. Jiang, A. Levin, C. Li, Q. Li, Y. Mao, S. Qian, S.J. Qian, X. Qin, X. Sun, D. Wang, H. Yang, L. Zhang, Y. Zhao, C. Zhou, S. Yang, Z. You, K. Jaffel, N. Lu, G. Bauer, B. Li, J. Zhang, X. Gao, Y. Li, Z. Lin, C. Lu, M. Xiao, C. Avila, D.A. Barbosa Trujillo, A. Cabrera, C. Florez, J. Fraga, J.A. Reyes Vega, F. Ramirez, C. Rendón, M. Rodriguez, A.A. Ruales Barbosa, J.D. Ruiz Alvarez, D. Giljanovic, N. Godinovic, D. Lelas, A. Sculac, M. Kovac, A. Petkovic, T. Sculac, P. Bargassa, V. Brigljevic, B.K. Chitroda, D. Ferencek, K. Jakovcic, A. Starodumov, T. Susa, A. Attikis, K. Christoforou, A. Hadjiagapiou, C. Leonidou, J. Mousa, C. Nicolaou, L. Paizanos, F. Ptochos, P.A. Razis, H. Rykaczewski, H. Saka, A. Stepennov, M. Finger, M. Finger, Jr., A. Kveton, E. Carrera Jarrin, B. El-mahdy, S. Khalil, E. Salama, A. Lotfy, M.A. Mahmoud, K. Ehataht, M. Kadastik, T. Lange, S. Nandan, C. Nielsen, J. Pata, M. Raidal, L. Tani, C. Veelken, H. Kirschenmann, K. Osterberg, M. Voutilainen, S. Bharthuar, N. Bin Norjoharuddeen, E. Brücken, F. Garcia, P. Inkaew, K.T.S. Kallonen, T. Lampén, K. Lassila-Perini, S. Lehti, T. Lindén, L. Martikainen, M. Myllymäki, M.m. Rantanen, H. Siikonen, J. Tuominiemi, P. Luukka, H. Petrow, M. Besancon, F. Couderc, M. Dejardin, D. Denegri, J.L. Faure, F. Ferri, S. Ganjour, P. Gras, G. Hamel de Monchenault, M. Kumar, V. Lohezic, J. Malcles, F. Orlandi, L. Portales, A. Rosowsky, M.Ö. Sahin, A. Savoy-Navarro, P. Simkina, M. Titov, M. Tornago, F. Beaudette, G. Boldrini, P. Busson, A. Cappati, C. Charlot, M. Chiusi, F. Damas, O. Davignon, A. De Wit, I.T. Ehle, B.A. Fontana Santos Alves, S. Ghosh, A. Gilbert, R. Granier de Cassagnac, A. Hakimi, B. Harikrishnan, L. Kalipoliti, G. Liu, M. Nguyen, C. Ochando, R. Salerno, J.B. Sauvan, Y. Sirois, L. Urda Gómez, E. Vernazza, A. Zabi, A. Zghiche, J.-L. Agram, J. Andrea, D. Apparu, D. Bloch, J.-M. Brom, E.C. Chabert, C. Collard, S. Falke, U. Goerlach, R. Haeberle, A.-C. Le Bihan, M. Meena, O. Poncet, G. Saha, M.A. Sessini, P. Van Hove, P. Vaucelle, A. Di Florio, D. Amram, S. Beauceron, B. Blancon, G. Boudoul, N. Chanon, D. Contardo, P. Depasse, C. Dozen, H. El Mamouni, J. Fay, S. Gascon, M. Gouzevitch, C. Greenberg, G. Grenier, B. Ille, E. Jourd‘huy, I.B. Laktineh, M. Lethuillier, L. Mirabito, S. Perries, A. Purohit, M. Vander Donckt, P. Verdier, J. Xiao, A. Khvedelidze, I. Lomidze, Z. Tsamalaidze, V. Botta, S. Consuegra Rodríguez, L. Feld, K. Klein, M. Lipinski, D. Meuser, A. Pauls, D. Pérez Adán, N. Röwert, M. Teroerde, S. Diekmann, A. Dodonova, N. Eich, D. Eliseev, F. Engelke, J. Erdmann, M. Erdmann, P. Fackeldey, B. Fischer, T. Hebbeker, K. Hoepfner, F. Ivone, A. Jung, M.y. Lee, F. Mausolf, M. Merschmeyer, A. Meyer, S. Mukherjee, D. Noll, F. Nowotny, A. Pozdnyakov, Y. Rath, W. Redjeb, F. Rehm, H. Reithler, V. 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Kao, S. Karmakar, G. Kole, Y.y. Li, R.-S. Lu, E. Paganis, X.f. Su, J. Thomas-Wilsker, L.s. Tsai, D. Tsionou, H.y. Wu, E. Yazgan, C. Asawatangtrakuldee, N. Srimanobhas, V. Wachirapusitanand, D. Agyel, F. Boran, F. Dolek, I. Dumanoglu, E. Eskut, Y. Guler, E. Gurpinar Guler, C. Isik, O. Kara, A. Kayis Topaksu, U. Kiminsu, G. Onengut, K. Ozdemir, A. Polatoz, B. Tali, U.G. Tok, S. Turkcapar, E. Uslan, I.S. Zorbakir, G. Sokmen, M. Yalvac, B. Akgun, I.O. Atakisi, E. Gülmez, M. Kaya, O. Kaya, S. Tekten, A. Cakir, K. Cankocak, G.G. Dincer, Y. Komurcu, S. Sen, O. Aydilek, B. Hacisahinoglu, I. Hos, B. Kaynak, S. Ozkorucuklu, O. Potok, H. Sert, C. Simsek, C. Zorbilmez, S. Cerci, B. Isildak, D. Sunar Cerci, T. Yetkin, A. Boyaryntsev, B. Grynyov, L. Levchuk, D. Anthony, J.J. Brooke, A. Bundock, F. Bury, E. Clement, D. Cussans, H. Flacher, M. Glowacki, J. Goldstein, H.F. Heath, M.-L. Holmberg, L. Kreczko, S. Paramesvaran, L. Robertshaw, S. Seif El Nasr-Storey, V.J. Smith, N. Stylianou, K. Walkingshaw Pass, A.H. Ball, K.W. Bell, A. Belyaev, C. Brew, R.M. Brown, D.J.A. Cockerill, C. Cooke, A. Elliot, K.V. Ellis, K. Harder, S. Harper, J. Linacre, K. Manolopoulos, D.M. Newbold, E. Olaiya, D. Petyt, T. Reis, A.R. Sahasransu, G. Salvi, T. Schuh, C.H. Shepherd-Themistocleous, I.R. Tomalin, K.C. Whalen, T. Williams, I. Andreou, R. Bainbridge, P. Bloch, C.E. Brown, O. Buchmuller, V. Cacchio, C.A. Carrillo Montoya, G.S. Chahal, D. Colling, J.S. Dancu, I. Das, P. Dauncey, G. Davies, J. Davies, M. Della Negra, S. Fayer, G. Fedi, G. Hall, M.H. Hassanshahi, A. Howard, G. Iles, C.R. Knight, J. Langford, J. León Holgado, L. Lyons, A.-M. Magnan, B. Maier, S. Mallios, M. Mieskolainen, J. Nash, M. Pesaresi, P.B. Pradeep, B.C. Radburn-Smith, A. Richards, A. Rose, K. Savva, C. Seez, R. Shukla, A. Tapper, K. Uchida, G.P. Uttley, L.H. Vage, T. Virdee, M. Vojinovic, N. Wardle, D. Winterbottom, J.E. Cole, A. Khan, P. Kyberd, I.D. Reid, S. Abdullin, A. Brinkerhoff, E. Collins, M.R. Darwish, J. Dittmann, K. Hatakeyama, J. Hiltbrand, B. McMaster, J. Samudio, S. Sawant, C. Sutantawibul, J. Wilson, R. Bartek, A. Dominguez, C. Huerta Escamilla, A.E. Simsek, R. Uniyal, A.M. Vargas Hernandez, B. Bam, A. Buchot Perraguin, R. Chudasama, S.I. Cooper, C. Crovella, S.V. Gleyzer, E. Pearson, C.U. Perez, P. Rumerio, E. Usai, R. Yi, A. Akpinar, C. Cosby, G. De Castro, Z. Demiragli, C. Erice, C. Fangmeier, C. Fernandez Madrazo, E. Fontanesi, D. Gastler, F. Golf, S. Jeon, J. O‘cain, I. Reed, J. Rohlf, K. Salyer, D. Sperka, D. Spitzbart, I. Suarez, A. Tsatsos, A.G. Zecchinelli, G. Benelli, D. Cutts, L. Gouskos, M. Hadley, U. Heintz, J.M. Hogan, T. Kwon, G. Landsberg, K.T. Lau, D. Li, J. Luo, S. Mondal, N. Pervan, T. Russell, S. Sagir, X. Shen, F. Simpson, M. Stamenkovic, N. Venkatasubramanian, X. Yan, S. Abbott, C. Brainerd, R. Breedon, H. Cai, M. Calderon De La Barca Sanchez, M. Chertok, M. Citron, J. Conway, P.T. Cox, R. Erbacher, F. Jensen, O. Kukral, G. Mocellin, M. Mulhearn, S. Ostrom, W. Wei, S. Yoo, F. Zhang, M. Bachtis, R. Cousins, A. Datta, G. Flores Avila, J. Hauser, M. Ignatenko, M.A. Iqbal, T. Lam, E. Manca, A. Nunez Del Prado, D. Saltzberg, V. Valuev, R. Clare, J.W. Gary, M. Gordon, G. Hanson, W. Si, A. Aportela, A. Arora, J.G. Branson, S. Cittolin, S. Cooperstein, D. Diaz, J. Duarte, L. Giannini, Y. Gu, J. Guiang, R. Kansal, V. Krutelyov, R. Lee, J. Letts, M. Masciovecchio, F. Mokhtar, M. Pieri, M. Quinnan, B.V. Sathia Narayanan, V. Sharma, M. Tadel, E. Vourliotis, F. Würthwein, Y. Xiang, A. Yagil, A. Barzdukas, L. Brennan, C. Campagnari, K. Downham, C. Grieco, J. Incandela, A.J. Li, P. Masterson, H. Mei, J. Richman, S.N. Santpur, U. Sarica, R. Schmitz, F. Setti, J. Sheplock, D. Stuart, T.Á. Vámi, S. Wang, D. Zhang, A. Bornheim, O. Cerri, A. Latorre, J. Mao, H.B. Newman, G. Reales Gutiérrez, M. Spiropulu, J.R. Vlimant, S. Xie, R.Y. Zhu, J. Alison, S. An, P. Bryant, M. Cremonesi, V. Dutta, T. Ferguson, T.A. Gómez Espinosa, A. Harilal, A. Kallil Tharayil, C. Liu, T. Mudholkar, S. Murthy, P. Palit, K. Park, M. Paulini, A. Roberts, A. Sanchez, W. Terrill, J.P. Cumalat, W.T. Ford, A. Hart, A. Hassani, G. Karathanasis, N. Manganelli, J. Pearkes, C. Savard, N. Schonbeck, K. Stenson, K.A. Ulmer, S.R. Wagner, N. Zipper, D. Zuolo, J. Alexander, S. Bright-Thonney, X. Chen, D.J. Cranshaw, J. Fan, X. Fan, S. Hogan, P. Kotamnives, J. Monroy, M. Oshiro, J.R. Patterson, M. Reid, A. Ryd, J. Thom, P. Wittich, R. Zou, M. Albrow, M. Alyari, O. Amram, G. Apollinari, A. Apresyan, L.A.T. Bauerdick, D. Berry, J. Berryhill, P.C. Bhat, K. Burkett, J.N. Butler, A. Canepa, G.B. Cerati, H.W.K. Cheung, F. Chlebana, G. Cummings, J. Dickinson, I. Dutta, V.D. Elvira, Y. Feng, J. Freeman, A. Gandrakota, Z. Gecse, L. Gray, D. Green, A. Grummer, S. Grünendahl, D. Guerrero, O. Gutsche, R.M. Harris, R. Heller, T.C. Herwig, J. Hirschauer, B. Jayatilaka, S. Jindariani, M. Johnson, U. Joshi, T. Klijnsma, B. Klima, K.H.M. Kwok, S. Lammel, D. Lincoln, R. Lipton, T. Liu, C. Madrid, K. Maeshima, C. Mantilla, D. Mason, P. McBride, P. Merkel, S. Mrenna, S. Nahn, J. Ngadiuba, D. Noonan, S. Norberg, V. Papadimitriou, N. Pastika, K. Pedro, C. Pena, F. Ravera, A. Reinsvold Hall, L. Ristori, M. Safdari, E. Sexton-Kennedy, N. Smith, A. Soha, L. Spiegel, S. Stoynev, J. Strait, L. Taylor, S. Tkaczyk, N.V. Tran, L. Uplegger, E.W. Vaandering, I. Zoi, C. Aruta, P. Avery, D. Bourilkov, P. Chang, V. Cherepanov, R.D. Field, C. Huh, E. Koenig, M. Kolosova, J. Konigsberg, A. Korytov, K. Matchev, N. Menendez, G. Mitselmakher, K. Mohrman, A. Muthirakalayil Madhu, N. Rawal, S. Rosenzweig, Y. Takahashi, T. Adams, A. Al Kadhim, A. Askew, S. Bower, V. Hagopian, R. Hashmi, R.S. Kim, T. Kolberg, G. Martinez, H. Prosper, P.R. Prova, M. Wulansatiti, R. Yohay, B. Alsufyani, M.M. Baarmand, S. Butalla, S. Das, T. Elkafrawy, M. Hohlmann, E. Yanes, M.R. Adams, A. Baty, C. Bennett, R. Cavanaugh, R. Escobar Franco, O. Evdokimov, C.E. Gerber, M. Hawksworth, A. Hingrajiya, D.J. Hofman, J.h. Lee, D.S. Lemos, A.H. Merrit, C. Mills, S. Nanda, G. Oh, B. Ozek, D. Pilipovic, R. Pradhan, E. Prifti, T. Roy, S. Rudrabhatla, N. Singh, M.B. Tonjes, N. Varelas, M.A. Wadud, Z. Ye, M. Alhusseini, D. Blend, K. Dilsiz, L. Emediato, G. Karaman, O.K. Köseyan, J.-P. Merlo, A. Mestvirishvili, O. Neogi, H. Ogul, Y. Onel, A. Penzo, C. Snyder, E. Tiras, B. Blumenfeld, L. Corcodilos, J. Davis, A.V. Gritsan, L. Kang, S. Kyriacou, P. Maksimovic, M. Roguljic, J. Roskes, S. Sekhar, M. Swartz, A. Abreu, L.F. Alcerro Alcerro, J. Anguiano, S. Arteaga Escatel, P. Baringer, A. Bean, Z. Flowers, D. Grove, J. King, G. Krintiras, M. Lazarovits, C. Le Mahieu, J. Marquez, M. Murray, M. Nickel, M. Pitt, S. Popescu, C. Rogan, C. Royon, R. Salvatico, S. Sanders, C. Smith, G. Wilson, B. Allmond, R. Gujju Gurunadha, A. Ivanov, K. Kaadze, Y. Maravin, J. Natoli, D. Roy, G. Sorrentino, A. Baden, A. Belloni, J. Bistany-riebman, Y.M. Chen, S.C. Eno, N.J. Hadley, S. Jabeen, R.G. Kellogg, T. Koeth, B. Kronheim, Y. Lai, S. Lascio, A.C. Mignerey, S. Nabili, C. Palmer, C. Papageorgakis, M.M. Paranjpe, E. Popova, A. Shevelev, L. Wang, J. Bendavid, I.A. Cali, P.c. Chou, M. D'Alfonso, J. Eysermans, C. Freer, G. Gomez-Ceballos, M. Goncharov, G. Grosso, P. Harris, D. Hoang, D. Kovalskyi, J. Krupa, L. Lavezzo, Y.-J. Lee, K. Long, C. Mcginn, A. Novak, C. Paus, C. Reissel, C. Roland, G. Roland, S. Rothman, G.S.F. Stephans, B. Wyslouch, T.J. Yang, B. Crossman, B.M. Joshi, C. Kapsiak, M. Krohn, D. Mahon, J. Mans, B. Marzocchi, M. Revering, R. Rusack, R. Saradhy, N. Strobbe, K. Bloom, D.R. Claes, G. Haza, J. Hossain, C. Joo, I. Kravchenko, J.E. Siado, W. Tabb, A. Vagnerini, A. Wightman, F. Yan, D. Yu, H. Bandyopadhyay, L. Hay, H.w. Hsia, I. Iashvili, A. Kalogeropoulos, A. Kharchilava, M. Morris, D. Nguyen, J. Pekkanen, S. Rappoccio, H. Rejeb Sfar, A. Williams, P. Young, G. Alverson, E. Barberis, J. Bonilla, M. Campana, J. Dervan, Y. Haddad, Y. Han, I. Israr, A. Krishna, J. Li, M. Lu, G. Madigan, R. Mccarthy, D.M. Morse, V. Nguyen, T. Orimoto, A. Parker, L. Skinnari, D. Wood, J. Bueghly, S. Dittmer, K.A. Hahn, Y. Liu, Y. Miao, D.G. Monk, M.H. Schmitt, A. Taliercio, M. Velasco, G. Agarwal, R. Band, R. Bucci, S. Castells, A. Das, R. Goldouzian, M. Hildreth, K.W. Ho, K. Hurtado Anampa, T. Ivanov, C. Jessop, K. Lannon, J. Lawrence, N. Loukas, L. Lutton, J. Mariano, N. Marinelli, I. Mcalister, T. McCauley, C. Mcgrady, C. Moore, Y. Musienko, H. Nelson, M. Osherson, A. Piccinelli, R. Ruchti, A. Townsend, Y. Wan, M. Wayne, H. Yockey, M. Zarucki, L. Zygala, A. Basnet, B. Bylsma, M. Carrigan, L.S. Durkin, C. Hill, M. Joyce, M. Nunez Ornelas, K. Wei, B.L. Winer, B.R. Yates, H. Bouchamaoui, K. Coldham, P. Das, G. Dezoort, P. Elmer, A. Frankenthal, B. Greenberg, N. Haubrich, K. Kennedy, G. Kopp, S. Kwan, D. Lange, A. Loeliger, D. Marlow, I. Ojalvo, J. Olsen, D. Stickland, C. Tully, S. Malik, A.S. Bakshi, S. Chandra, R. Chawla, A. Gu, L. Gutay, M. Jones, A.W. Jung, A.M. Koshy, M. Liu, G. Negro, N. Neumeister, G. Paspalaki, S. Piperov, V. Scheurer, J.F. Schulte, M. Stojanovic, J. Thieman, A.K. Virdi, F. Wang, A. Wildridge, W. Xie, Y. Yao, J. Dolen, N. Parashar, A. Pathak, D. Acosta, T. Carnahan, K.M. Ecklund, P.J. Fernández Manteca, S. Freed, P. Gardner, F.J.M. Geurts, I. Krommydas, W. Li, J. Lin, O. Miguel Colin, B.P. Padley, R. Redjimi, J. Rotter, E. Yigitbasi, Y. Zhang, A. Bodek, P. de Barbaro, R. Demina, J.L. Dulemba, A. Garcia-Bellido, O. Hindrichs, A. Khukhunaishvili, N. Parmar, P. Parygin, R. Taus, B. Chiarito, J.P. Chou, S.V. Clark, D. Gadkari, Y. Gershtein, E. Halkiadakis, M. Heindl, C. Houghton, D. Jaroslawski, S. Konstantinou, I. Laflotte, A. Lath, R. Montalvo, K. Nash, J. Reichert, H. Routray, P. Saha, S. Salur, S. Schnetzer, S. Somalwar, R. Stone, S.A. Thayil, S. Thomas, J. Vora, H. Wang, D. Ally, A.G. Delannoy, S. Fiorendi, S. Higginbotham, T. Holmes, A.R. Kanuganti, N. Karunarathna, L. Lee, E. Nibigira, S. Spanier, D. Aebi, M. Ahmad, T. Akhter, O. Bouhali, R. Eusebi, J. Gilmore, T. Huang, T. Kamon, S. Luo, R. Mueller, D. Overton, D. Rathjens, A. Safonov, N. Akchurin, J. Damgov, N. Gogate, V. Hegde, A. Hussain, Y. Kazhykarim, K. Lamichhane, A. Mankel, T. Peltola, I. Volobouev, E. Appelt, Y. Chen, S. Greene, A. Gurrola, W. Johns, R. Kunnawalkam Elayavalli, A. Melo, F. Romeo, P. Sheldon, S. Tuo, J. Velkovska, J. Viinikainen, B. Cardwell, H. Chung, B. Cox, J. Hakala, R. Hirosky, A. Ledovskoy, C. Neu, P.E. Karchin, A. Aravind, K. Black, T. Bose, S. Dasu, I. De Bruyn, P. Everaerts, C. Galloni, H. He, M. Herndon, A. Herve, C.K. Koraka, A. Lanaro, R. Loveless, J. Madhusudanan Sreekala, A. Mallampalli, A. Mohammadi, G. Parida, L. Pétré, D. Pinna, A. Savin, V. Shang, W.H. Smith, D. Teague, H.F. Tsoi, W. Vetens, A. Warden, S. Afanasiev, V. Alexakhin, D. Budkouski, I. Golutvin, I. Gorbunov, V. Karjavine, V. Korenkov, A. Lanev, A. Malakhov, V. Matveev, V. Palichik, V. Perelygin, M. Savina, V. Shalaev, S. Shmatov, S. Shulha, V. Smirnov, O. Teryaev, N. Voytishin, B.S. Yuldashev, A. Zarubin, I. Zhizhin, G. Gavrilov, V. Golovtcov, Y. Ivanov, V. Kim, P. Levchenko, V. Murzin, V. Oreshkin, D. Sosnov, V. Sulimov, L. Uvarov, A. Vorobyev, Yu. Andreev, A. Dermenev, S. Gninenko, N. Golubev, A. Karneyeu, D. Kirpichnikov, M. Kirsanov, N. Krasnikov, I. Tlisova, A. Toropin, T. Aushev, V. Gavrilov, N. Lychkovskaya, A. Nikitenko, V. Popov, A. Zhokin, R. Chistov, M. Danilov, S. Polikarpov, V. Andreev, M. Azarkin, M. Kirakosyan, A. Terkulov, E. Boos, V. Bunichev, M. Dubinin, L. Dudko, A. Gribushin, V. Klyukhin, O. Kodolova, S. Obraztsov, M. Perfilov, S. Petrushanko, V. Savrin, G. Vorotnikov, V. Blinov, T. Dimova, A. Kozyrev, O. Radchenko, Y. Skovpen, V. Kachanov, D. Konstantinov, S. Slabospitskii, A. Uzunian, A. Babaev, V. Borshch, D. Druzhkin, V. Chekhovsky, and V. Makarenko

Subjects
CMS, Higgs, tau, Search, Bottom, Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

This Letter presents the first search for bottom quark associated production of the standard model Higgs boson, in final states with leptons. Higgs boson decays to pairs of tau leptons and pairs of leptonically decaying W bosons are considered. The search is performed using data collected from 2016 to 2018 by the CMS experiment in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 138fb−1. Upper limits at the 95% confidence level are placed on the signal strength for Higgs boson production in association with bottom quarks; the observed (expected) upper limit is 3.7 (6.1) times the standard model prediction.

Published
2025
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37. Phase I study of allogeneic monocyte-derived inflammatory dendritic cells in combination with pembrolizumab

Author

Jared Weiss, Douglas Laux, David Bajor, Albert C. Lockhart, John Hamm, Jeroen Rovers, and Alex Karlsson-Parra

Subjects
Ilixadencel, dendritic cells, pembrolizumab, immunotherapy, head and neck cancer, Medicine, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

PD-1 checkpoint inhibition has revolutionized the care of cancer. A small portion of patients with stage IV cancer achieve durable control. But, early progression is common and dramatic control is achieved for only a minority. We hypothesized that ilixadencel, an allogeneic monocyte-derived dendritic cell product could be injected into tumor to potentiate PD-1 response and thus conducted a phase I study of pembrolizumab plus ilixadencel. Twenty-one patients were accrued. The most common treatment emergent adverse events were fatigue, injection site pain, anemia, weight decreased and hyponatremia, mostly grade 1-2. No dose limiting toxicities were observed and the recommended phase II dose was established at 10 million cells administered twice. Two unconfirmed responses were observed, with no confirmed responses.

Published
2024
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38. Predictors of Medical Mistrust Among Surrogate Decision-Makers of Patients in the ICU at High Risk of DeathTake-Home Points

Author

Scott T. Vasher, MD, MSCR, Jeff Laux, PhD, Shannon S. Carson, MD, and Blair Wendlandt, MD, MSCR

Subjects
critical illness, medical mistrust, palliative care, surrogate decision-maker, Medical emergencies. Critical care. Intensive care. First aid, RC86-88.9
Abstract

Background: Medical mistrust may worsen communication between ICU surrogate decision-makers and intensivists. The prevalence of and risk factors for medical mistrust among surrogate decision-makers are not known. Research Question: What are the potential sociodemographic risk factors for high medical mistrust among surrogate decision-makers of critically ill patients at high risk of death? Study Design and Methods: In this pilot cross-sectional study conducted at a single academic medical center between August 2022 and August 2023, adult patients admitted to the medical ICU and their surrogate decision-makers were enrolled. All patients were incapacitated at enrollment with Sequential Organ Failure Assessment scores of ≥ 7 or required mechanical ventilation with vasopressor infusion. Surrogate decision-maker sociodemographic characteristics were age, race, sex, education, relationship to the patient, employment, prior exposure to a loved one transitioning to hospice or comfort-focused care, and religiousness. The primary outcome was surrogate decision-maker medical mistrust, measured using the Medical Mistrust Multiformat Scale. Multiple linear regression was used to determine sociodemographic characteristics associated with higher medical mistrust. Results: Thirty-one patients and their surrogate decision-makers were enrolled during the study period, surpassing our goal of 30 pairs and indicating recruitment feasibility. Mean ± SD surrogate age was 53.8 ± 14.5 years, 24 surrogates were female, and mean medical mistrust score was 17.1 ± 5.4. Race was associated with medical mistrust, with Black participants showing higher medical mistrust compared with White participants (β =10.21; 95% CI, 3.40-17.02; P = .010). Religiousness was associated with lower medical mistrust (β = –2.94; 95% CI, –4.43 to –1.41; P = .003). Prior exposure to hospice or comfort-focused care was associated with higher medical mistrust (β = 7.06; 95% CI, 1.21-12.91; P = .025). Interpretation: We found that recruiting ICU surrogates and measuring medical mistrust within 48 h of ICU admission was feasible. Several surrogate sociodemographic characteristics were associated with changes in medical mistrust. These preliminary findings will inform the design of future studies.

Published
2024
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40. A Lighter QCD Axion from Anarchy

Author

Elahi, Fatemeh, Elor, Gilly, Kivel, Alexey, Laux, Julien, Najjari, Saereh, and Yu, Felix

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

We introduce the Anarchic Axion, a class of axion models which solves the Strong CP problem within current nEDM constraints with a lighter than usual QCD axion, thus populating new parameter space that ongoing and future experiments target. The Anarchic Axion is driven light by a soft breaking of the Peccei-Quinn symmetry, which also predicts a residual neutron electric dipole moment. We introduce a novel measure to quantify the tuning required for large deviations from the usual QCD axion band. In addition to motivating searches for unusually light axions, this work establishes a new target for axion effective field theory., Comment: 5+2 pages. 3 figures. 1 table. v2: minor comments added, version published in Phys. Rev. D Letters

Published
2023
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41. A uniqueness and stability principle for surface diffusion

Author

Kroemer, Milan and Laux, Tim

Subjects
Mathematics - Analysis of PDEs, 53E40 (primary), 35B35, 35A15, 53E10 (secondary)
Abstract

We derive a uniqueness and stability principle for surface diffusion before the onset of singularities. The perturbations, however, are allowed to undergo topological changes. The main ingredient is a relative energy inequality, which in turn relies on the explicit construction of (volume-preserving) gradient flow calibrations. The proof applies to stationary solutions in any dimension and to general smooth solutions in two dimensions.

Published
2022

42. Diffuse-interface approximation and weak-strong uniqueness of anisotropic mean curvature flow

Author

Laux, Tim, Stinson, Kerrek, and Ullrich, Clemens

Subjects
Mathematics - Analysis of PDEs, 35A02, 35D30, 53E30
Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to derive anisotropic mean curvature flow as the limit of the anisotropic Allen-Cahn equation. We rely on distributional solution concepts for both the diffuse and sharp interface models, and prove convergence using relative entropy methods, which have recently proven to be a powerful tool in interface evolution problems. With the same relative entropy, we prove a weak-strong uniqueness result, which relies on the construction of gradient flow calibrations for our anisotropic energy functionals.

Published
2022

43. Local minimizers of the interface length functional based on a concept of local paired calibrations

Author

Fischer, Julian, Hensel, Sebastian, Laux, Tim, and Simon, Theresa M.

Subjects
Mathematics - Analysis of PDEs
Abstract

We establish that regular flat partitions are locally minimizing for the interface energy with respect to $L^1$ perturbations of the phases. Regular flat partitions are partitions of open sets in $\mathbb{R}^2$ whose network of interfaces consists of finitely many straight segments with a singular set made up of finitely many triple junctions at which the Herring angle condition is satisfied. This result not only holds for the case of the perimeter functional but for a general class of surface tension matrices. Our proof relies on a localized version of the paired calibration method which was introduced by Lawlor and Morgan (Pac. J. Appl. Math., 166(1), 1994) in conjunction with a relative energy functional that precisely captures the suboptimality of classical calibration estimates. Vice versa, we show that any stationary point of the length functional (in a sense of metric spaces) has to be a regular flat partition., Comment: 36 pages, 9 figures. We added a number of references

Published
2022

45. NMR side-chain assignments of the Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever virus glycoprotein n cytosolic domain

Author

L. Brigandat, M. Laux, C. Marteau, L. Cole, A. Böckmann, L. Lecoq, M.-L. Fogeron, and M. Callon

Subjects
Electricity and magnetism, QC501-766
Abstract

We assigned the side-chain resonances of the Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) glycoprotein n (Gn) cytosolic domain that is 69 amino acids long to complete the backbone resonances previously published by Estrada et al. (2011). The process was facilitated by three factors. First, sample preparation using cell-free protein synthesis (CFPS) was completed in less than 2 d and allowed for correct zinc finger formation by adding zinc ions to the reaction. Second, access to NMR platforms with standardized pulse sequences allowed for data acquisition in 18 d. Third, data analysis using the online platform NMRtist allowed sequential resonance assignments to be made in a day, and assignments were verified and finalized in less than a week. Our work thus provides an example of how NMR assignments, including side chains, of small and well-behaved proteins can be approached in a rapid routine, at protein concentrations of 150 µM.

Published
2024
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46. Reallabore als Lernräume in der partizipativen Wissenschaftskommunikation.

Author

Julia Laux and Claudia Frick

Subjects
wissenschaftskommunikation, reallabor, transformations forschung, lernräume, partizipation, gemeinsames lernen, gesellschaftliches lernen, Education
Abstract

Reallabore bieten einen Raum, in dem Wissenschaft und Gesellschaft zusammenarbeiten und darin fungierende Akteur*innen gemeinsam neues Wissen generieren können, um Lösungen für diverse gesellschaftliche Herausforderungen zu entwickeln. Die Autorinnen ergründen, inwieweit der Forschungsansatz des Reallabors ein neues Verständnis von Wissenschaftskommunikation generiert und dadurch Räume des individuellen, gemeinsamen und gesellschaftlichen Lernens eröffnet. Einen Einblick in die Praxis gibt das Reallabor-Projekt „Co-Kreation in der Region – Systemisch und innovativ Transfer entwickeln (Co-Site)“ (01/2023 bis 12/2027) der TH Köln (Technische Hochschule Köln). Die Autorinnen kommen zu dem Schluss, dass Reallabore Lernprozesse zumindest implizieren, insbesondere wenn sie auf aktive Beteiligung und Reflexion statt nur auf Informationsweitergabe abzielen. Um das volle Lernpotenzial zu entfalten, empfehlen sie einerseits gezielte Bildungsangebote im Reallabor, andererseits die didaktische Aufbereitung von Formaten der Wissenschaftskommunikation. (Red.)

Published
2024

47. Axion Couplings in Gauged $U(1)'$ Extensions of the Standard Model

Author

Kivel, Alexey, Laux, Julien, and Yu, Felix

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

We explore the effective theory of an axion in a gauged baryon number symmetry extension of the Standard Model (SM), where the axion is realized from a Dine-Fischler-Srednicki-Zhitnitsky (DFSZ) model construction. Integrating out the anomalons realizes a pattern of effective Wilson coefficients reflecting the factorization between the anomalous Peccei-Quinn and gauged baryon number symmetries. We construct and analyze the chiral transformation invariance of the axion effective theory, accounting for possible flavor-violating axion couplings. We calculate and study the unique phenomenology of the axion and $Z'$ boson, and we present the current collider limits on these particles in the $\{m_{Z'}, g_B\}$, $\{m_a, G_{a \gamma \gamma} \}$, and $\{m_a, f_a^{-1}\}$ planes., Comment: 33 pages, 7 figures

Published
2022
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48. High-Pressure CO$_2$ Dissociation with Nanosecond Pulsed Discharges

Author

pannier, Erwan, Yong, Taemin, Laux, Christophe, and Cappelli, Mark A.

Subjects
Physics - Plasma Physics, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

The efficiency of the conversion of CO$_2$ into CO with nanosecond repetitively pulsed discharges (NRP) is investigated in a high pressure batch reactor. Stable discharges are obtained at up to 12~bar. By-products of CO$_2$ splitting are measured with gas chromatography. The energy efficiency is determined for a range of processing times, pulse energy, and fill pressures. The energy efficiency is found to be approximately 20% and is only weakly sensitive to the plasma operating parameters, i.e., the extent of CO$_2$ conversion is almost linearly-dependent on the specific energy input. A conversion rate of up to 14% is achieved with an energy efficiency of 23%. For long processing times, a drop in efficiency is observed, due to the increasing significance of recombination reactions, as described by a macroscopic kinetic mechanism. Reaction pathways that are believed to play an important role in nanosecond pulsed discharges are discussed. It appears that vibrational excitation does not play a significant role in CO$_2$ conversion in these types of short-pulse discharge. Results also draw attention to the relative importance of two particular electronic excitation reactions., Comment: 21 pages, 12 figures

Published
2022

49. A new sensing paradigm for the vibroacoustic detection of pedicle screw loosening

Author

Seibold, Matthias, Sigrist, Bastian, Götschi, Tobias, Widmer, Jonas, Hodel, Sandro, Farshad, Mazda, Navab, Nassir, Fürnstahl, Philipp, and Laux, Christoph J.

Subjects
Physics - Medical Physics
Abstract

There is an unmet clinical need for developing novel methods to complement and replace the current radiation-emitting imaging-based methods for the detection of loose pedicle screws as a complication after spinal fusion surgery which fail to identify a substantial amount of loose implants. In this work, we propose a new methodology and paradigm for the radiation-free, non-destructive, and easy-to-integrate detection of pedicle screw loosening based on vibroacoustic sensing. Furthermore, we propose a novel simulation technique for pedicle screw loosening, which is biomechanically validated. For the detection of a loose implant, we excite the vertebra of interest with a sine sweep vibration at the spinous process and attach a custom highly-sensitive piezo contact microphone to the screw head to capture the propagated vibration characteristics which are analyzed using a detection pipeline based on spectrogram features and a SE-ResNet-18. To validate the proposed approach, we conducted experiments using four human cadaveric lumbar spine specimens and evaluate our algorithm in a cross validation experiment. Our method reaches a sensitivity of 91.50 +- 6.58% and a specificity of 91.10 +- 2.27%. The proposed system shows great potentials for the development of alternative assessment methods for implant loosening based on vibroacoustic sensing.

Published
2022

50. Sharp Interface Limit of the Cahn-Hilliard Reaction Model for Lithium-ion Batteries

Author

Laux, Tim and Stinson, Kerrek

Subjects
Mathematics - Analysis of PDEs
Abstract

We propose a weak solution theory for the sharp interface limit of the Cahn-Hilliard reaction model, a variational PDE for lithium-ion batteries. An essential feature of this model is the use of Butler-Volmer kinetics for lithium-ion insertion, which arises as a Robin-type boundary condition relating the flux of the chemical potential to the reaction rate, itself a nonlinear function of the chemical potential and the ion concentration. To pass through the nonlinearity as interface width vanishes, we introduce solution concepts at the diffuse and sharp interface level describing dynamics principally in terms of an optimal dissipation inequality. Using this functional framework and under an energy convergence hypothesis, we show that solutions of the Cahn-Hilliard reaction model converge to a Mullins-Sekerka type geometric evolution equation.

Published
2022

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