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72 results on '"Laurent Y. Alleman"'

1. Oxidative stress and inflammation induced by air pollution-derived PM2.5 persist in the lungs of mice after cessation of their sub-chronic exposure

Author

Emeline Barbier, Jessica Carpentier, Ophélie Simonin, Pierre Gosset, Anne Platel, Mélanie Happillon, Laurent Y. Alleman, Esperanza Perdrix, Véronique Riffault, Thierry Chassat, Jean-Marc Lo Guidice, Sébastien Anthérieu, and Guillaume Garçon

Subjects
Air pollution-derived PM2.5, A/JOlaHsd mouse, Lung, Acute/Sub-chronic exposures, Recovery period, Oxidative stress, Environmental sciences, GE1-350
Abstract

More than 7 million early deaths/year are attributable to air pollution. Current health concerns are especially focused on air pollution-derived particulate matter (PM). Although oxidative stress-induced airway inflammation is one of the main adverse outcome pathways triggered by air pollution-derived PM, the persistence of both these underlying mechanisms, even after exposure cessation, remained poorly studied. In this study, A/JOlaHsd mice were also exposed acutely (24 h) or sub-chronically (4 weeks), with or without a recovery period (12 weeks), to two urban PM2.5 samples collected during contrasting seasons (i.e., autumn/winter, AW or spring/summer, SS). The distinct intrinsic oxidative potentials (OPs) of AW and SS PM2.5, as evaluated in acellular conditions, were closely related to their respective physicochemical characteristics and their respective ability to really generate ROS over-production in the mouse lungs. Despite the early activation of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) cell signaling pathway by AW and, in a lesser degree, SS PM2.5, in the murine lungs after acute and sub-chronic exposures, the critical redox homeostasis was not restored, even after the exposure cessation. Accordingly, an inflammatory response was reported through the activation of the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) cell signaling pathway activation, the secretion of cytokines, and the recruitment of inflammatory cells, in the murine lungs after the acute and sub-chronic exposures to AW and, in a lesser extent, to SS PM2.5, which persisted after the recovery period. Taken together, these original results provided, for the first time, new relevant insights that air pollution-derived PM2.5, with relatively high intrinsic OPs, induced oxidative stress and inflammation, which persisted admittedly at a lower level in the lungs after the exposure cessation, thereby contributing to the occurrence of molecular and cellular adverse events leading to the development and/or exacerbation of future chronic inflammatory lung diseases and even cancers.

Published
2023
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2. Effects of urban coarse particles inhalation on oxidative and inflammatory parameters in the mouse lung and colon

Author

Cécile Vignal, Muriel Pichavant, Laurent Y. Alleman, Madjid Djouina, Florian Dingreville, Esperanza Perdrix, Christophe Waxin, Adil Ouali Alami, Corinne Gower-Rousseau, Pierre Desreumaux, and Mathilde Body-Malapel

Subjects
Particulate matter, Coarse PM, Oxidative stress, Inflammation, Gut-lung axis, N-acetyl-L-cysteine, Toxicology. Poisons, RA1190-1270, Industrial hygiene. Industrial welfare, HD7260-7780.8
Abstract

Abstract Background Air pollution is a recognized aggravating factor for pulmonary diseases and has notably deleterious effects on asthma, bronchitis and pneumonia. Recent studies suggest that air pollution may also cause adverse effects in the gastrointestinal tract. Accumulating experimental evidence shows that immune responses in the pulmonary and intestinal mucosae are closely interrelated, and that gut-lung crosstalk controls pathophysiological processes such as responses to cigarette smoke and influenza virus infection. Our first aim was to collect urban coarse particulate matter (PM) and to characterize them for elemental content, gastric bioaccessibility, and oxidative potential; our second aim was to determine the short-term effects of urban coarse PM inhalation on pulmonary and colonic mucosae in mice, and to test the hypothesis that the well-known antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) reverses the effects of PM inhalation. Results The collected PM had classical features of urban particles and possessed oxidative potential partly attributable to their metal fraction. Bioaccessibility study confirmed the high solubility of some metals at the gastric level. Male mice were exposed to urban coarse PM in a ventilated inhalation chamber for 15 days at a concentration relevant to episodic elevation peak of air pollution. Coarse PM inhalation induced systemic oxidative stress, recruited immune cells to the lung, and increased cytokine levels in the lung and colon. Concomitant oral administration of NAC reversed all the observed effects relative to the inhalation of coarse PM. Conclusions Coarse PM-induced low-grade inflammation in the lung and colon is mediated by oxidative stress and deserves more investigation as potentiating factor for inflammatory diseases.

Published
2017
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3. Overview of the French Operational Network for In Situ Observation of PM Chemical Composition and Sources in Urban Environments (CARA Program)

Author

Olivier Favez, Samuël Weber, Jean-Eudes Petit, Laurent Y. Alleman, Alexandre Albinet, Véronique Riffault, Benjamin Chazeau, Tanguy Amodeo, Dalia Salameh, Yunjiang Zhang, Deepchandra Srivastava, Abdoulaye Samaké, Robin Aujay-Plouzeau, Arnaud Papin, Nicolas Bonnaire, Carole Boullanger, Mélodie Chatain, Florie Chevrier, Anaïs Detournay, Marta Dominik-Sègue, Raphaële Falhun, Céline Garbin, Véronique Ghersi, Guillaume Grignion, Gilles Levigoureux, Sabrina Pontet, Jérôme Rangognio, Shouwen Zhang, Jean-Luc Besombes, Sébastien Conil, Gaëlle Uzu, Joël Savarino, Nicolas Marchand, Valérie Gros, Caroline Marchand, Jean-Luc Jaffrezo, and Eva Leoz-Garziandia

Subjects
France, urban air quality, aerosol chemical composition, source apportionment, monitoring strategies, Meteorology. Climatology, QC851-999
Abstract

The CARA program has been running since 2008 by the French reference laboratory for air quality monitoring (LCSQA) and the regional monitoring networks, to gain better knowledge—at a national level—on particulate matter (PM) chemistry and its diverse origins in urban environments. It results in strong collaborations with international-level academic partners for state-of-the-art, straightforward, and robust results and methodologies within operational air quality stakeholders (and subsequently, decision makers). Here, we illustrate some of the main outputs obtained over the last decade, thanks to this program, regarding methodological aspects (both in terms of measurement techniques and data treatment procedures) as well as acquired knowledge on the predominant PM sources. Offline and online methods are used following well-suited quality assurance and quality control procedures, notably including inter-laboratory comparison exercises. Source apportionment studies are conducted using various receptor modeling approaches. Overall, the results presented herewith underline the major influences of residential wood burning (during the cold period) and road transport emissions (exhaust and non-exhaust ones, all throughout the year), as well as substantial contributions of mineral dust and primary biogenic particles (mostly during the warm period). Long-range transport phenomena, e.g., advection of secondary inorganic aerosols from the European continental sector and of Saharan dust into the French West Indies, are also discussed in this paper. Finally, we briefly address the use of stable isotope measurements (δ15N) and of various organic molecular markers for a better understanding of the origins of ammonium and of the different organic aerosol fractions, respectively.

Published
2021
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4. Assessment of Air Quality in School Environments in Hanoi, Vietnam: A Focus on Mass-Size Distribution and Elemental Composition of Indoor-Outdoor Ultrafine/Fine/Coarse Particles

Author

Trinh Dinh Tran, Phuong Minh Nguyen, Dung Trung Nghiem, Tuyen Huu Le, Minh Binh Tu, Laurent Y. Alleman, Viet Minh Nguyen, Dong Thanh Pham, Ngoc Minh Ha, Minh Nhat Dang, Chieu Van Le, and Noi Van Nguyen

Subjects
Indoor air quality, elemental distribution, ultrafine particles, particle morphology, emission sources, school environment, Meteorology. Climatology, QC851-999
Abstract

Indoor and outdoor ultrafine, accumulation mode, and coarse fractions collected at two preschools (S1 and S2) in Hanoi capital, Vietnam were characterized in terms of mass-size distribution and elemental composition to identify major emission sources. The sampling campaigns were performed simultaneously indoors and outdoors over four consecutive weeks at each school. Indoor average concentrations of CO2 and CO at both schools were below the limit values recommended by American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (1000 ppm for CO2) and World Health Organization (7 mg/m3 for CO). Indoor concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 at S1 and S2 were strongly influenced by the presence of children and their activities indoors. The indoor average concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 were 49.4 µg/m3 and 59.7 µg/m3 at S1, while those values at S2 were 7.9 and 10.8 µg/m3, respectively. Mass-size distribution of indoor and outdoor particles presented similar patterns, in which ultrafine particles accounted for around 15–20% wt/wt while fine particles (PM2.5) made up almost 80% wt/wt of PM10. PM2.5–10 did not display regular shapes while smaller factions tended to aggregate to form clusters with fine structures. Oxygen (O) was the most abundant element in all fractions, followed by carbon (C) for indoor and outdoor particles. O accounted for 36.2% (PM0.5–1) to 42.4% wt/wt (PM0.1) of indoor particles, while those figures for C were in the range of 14.5% (for PM0.1) to 18.1% (for PM1–2.5). Apart from O and C, mass proportion of other major and minor elements (Al, Ca, Cr, Fe , K, Mg, Si, Ti) could make up to 50%, whereas trace elements (As, Bi, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, La, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Rb, Sb, Se, Sn, Sr, and Zn) accounted for less than 0.5% of indoor and outdoor airborne particles. There were no significant indoor emission sources of trace and minor elements. Traffic significantly contributed to major and trace elements at S1 and S2.

Published
2020
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5. Sources and Geographical Origins of PM10 in Metz (France) Using Oxalate as a Marker of Secondary Organic Aerosols by Positive Matrix Factorization Analysis

Author

Jean-Eudes Petit, Cyril Pallarès, Olivier Favez, Laurent Y. Alleman, Nicolas Bonnaire, and Emmanuel Rivière

Subjects
receptor modelling, positive matrix factorization, trajectory analysis, oxalate, secondary organic aerosols, Meteorology. Climatology, QC851-999
Abstract

An original source apportionment study was conducted on atmospheric particles (PM10) collected in Metz, one of the largest cities of Eastern France. A Positive matrix factorization (PMF) analysis was applied to a sampling filter-based chemical dataset obtained for the April 2015 to January 2017 period. Nine factors were clearly identified, showing mainly contributions from anthropogenic sources of primary PM (19.2% and 16.1% for traffic and biomass burning, respectively) as well as secondary aerosols (12.3%, 14.5%, 21.8% for sulfate-, nitrate-, and oxalate-rich factors, respectively). Wood-burning aerosols exhibited strong temporal variations and contributed up to 30% of the PM mass fraction during winter, while primary traffic concentrations remained relatively constant throughout the year. These two sources are also the main contributors during observed PM10 pollution episodes. Furthermore, the dominance of the oxalate-rich factor among other secondary aerosol factors underlines the role of atmospheric processing to secondary organic aerosol loadings which are still poorly characterized in this region. Finally, Concentration-Weighted Trajectory (CWT) analysis were performed to investigate the geographical origins of the apportioned sources, notably illustrating a significant transport of both nitrate-rich and sulfate-rich factors from Northeastern Europe but also from the Balkan region.

Published
2019
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6. Comparison of PM10 Sources Profiles at 15 French Sites Using a Harmonized Constrained Positive Matrix Factorization Approach

Author

Samuël Weber, Dalia Salameh, Alexandre Albinet, Laurent Y. Alleman, Antoine Waked, Jean-Luc Besombes, Véronique Jacob, Géraldine Guillaud, Boualem Meshbah, Benoit Rocq, Agnès Hulin, Marta Dominik-Sègue, Eve Chrétien, Jean-Luc Jaffrezo, and Olivier Favez

Subjects
PM, source apportionment, aerosols, similarity assessment, uncertainties, Meteorology. Climatology, QC851-999
Abstract

Receptor-oriented models, including positive matrix factorization (PMF) analyses, are now commonly used to elaborate and/or evaluate action plans to improve air quality. In this context, the SOURCES project has been set-up to gather and investigate in a harmonized way 15 datasets of chemical compounds from PM10 collected for PMF studies during a five-year period (2012−2016) in France. The present paper aims at giving an overview of the results obtained within this project, notably illustrating the behavior of key primary sources as well as focusing on their statistical robustness and representativeness. Overall, wood burning for residential heating as well as road transport were confirmed to be the two main primary sources strongly influencing PM10 loadings across the country. While wood burning profiles, as well as those dominated by secondary inorganic aerosols, present a rather good homogeneity among the sites investigated, some significant variabilities were observed for primary traffic factors, illustrating the need to better characterize the diversity of the various vehicle exhaust and non-exhaust emissions. Finally, natural sources, such as sea salts (widely observed in internal mixing with anthropogenic compounds), primary biogenic aerosols and/or terrigenous particles, were also found as non-negligible PM10 components at every investigated site.

Published
2019
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7. ACSL4 and the lipoxygenases 15/15B are pivotal for ferroptosis induced by iron and PUFA dyshomeostasis in dopaminergic neurons

Author

Hind Bouchaoui, Laura Mahoney-Sanchez, Guillaume Garçon, Olivier Berdeaux, Laurent Y. Alleman, David Devos, James A. Duce, Jean-Christophe Devedjian, Lille Neurosciences & Cognition - U 1172 (LilNCog), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), Impact de l'environnement chimique sur la santé humaine - ULR 4483 (IMPECS), Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), Plateforme Chemosens [Dijon], Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation [Dijon] (CSGA), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Dijon, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Dijon, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Centre for Energy and Environment (CERI EE - IMT Nord Europe), Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Lille Douai (IMT Nord Europe), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, and European Project: 633190,H2020,H2020-PHC-2014-two-stage,FAIR-PARK-II(2015)

Subjects
Arachidonic acid, Physiology (medical), Parkinson's disease, Iron, Lipid peroxidation, Ferroptosis, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Biochemistry, Dopaminergic neurons, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology
Abstract

International audience; Ferroptosis, an iron-dependent regulated cell death triggered by high lipid peroxide levels, has been implicated in several neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease (PD). Brain regions such as the striatum are highly rich in both peroxidation susceptible PUFAs and iron, which accumulate at a greater rate than age in PD. The exact molecular pathways and patho-physiological conditions promoting cell death in the dopaminergic neurons that are particularly susceptible in PD remain elusive. In the current work, we show that modifying the PUFA composition in membranes of dopaminergic neurons using arachidonic acid (AA) can determine ferroptosis susceptibility. Furthermore, cotreatment with iron (Fe), increases AA-containing phospholipid association and synergistically promotes high lipid peroxidation to facilitate ferroptosis. Ex vivo analysis with organotypic brain slices, confirm that AA + Fe induces cell death in the nigrostriatal pathway and can be rescued by the anti-ferroptotic drug Ferrostatin-1. Prevention of ferroptotic AA + Fe induced cell death through inhibition of ACSL4, ALOX15 or ALOX15B provides mechanistic support of this lipid peroxidation pathway being involved in dopaminergic neuronal death and novel potential pharmacological targets for neuroprotective strategies in PD.

Published
2022

8. 99 Influence of Storage Conditions on the Evaluation of Metal Bioaccessibility and Oxidative Potential of Welding Fumes

Author

Manuella Ghanem, Laurent Y Alleman, Davy Rousset, Esperanza Perdrix, Patrice Coddeville, and Virginie Matera

Subjects
Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Abstract

Welding fumes (WF) are a complex mixture of ultrafine polymetallic particles, which can deposit in all regions of the respiratory tract. They contain high levels of transition metals (Cr, Cu, Mn …) known to catalyze the production of reactive oxygen species which are related to numerous adverse health effects. In industrial hygiene, collected WF are analyzed several days later, following usual standard techniques. However, during storage WF samples may undergo several physico-chemical modifications that may lead to an underestimation of their oxidative potential (OP) and metal bioaccessibility. In this work, we determined the influence of several usual storage conditions on the OP (dithiothreitol method OPDTT) and metal bioaccessibility of WF. Fresh WF were generated using a controlled welding bench and the collected particles were subsequently stored following various conservation conditions (temperature, atmosphere composition and durations) before analysis. OPDTT of WF significantly decrease with increasing storage duration when stored in ambient air, either at +20°C or -20°C, while there are no significant variations for storage under N2(g). Furthermore, the metal bioaccessibilities show similar trends to that of the OPDTT of WF for the tested conservation conditions. This work confirms that storage conditions of WF have an undeniable influence on their metal bioaccessibility and OPDTT. On-line analysis could offer an alternative to WF filter sampling, using OPDTT as a probe of health monitoring for exposed professionals

Published
2023

9. Phosphate Buffer Solubility and Oxidative Potential of Single Metals or Multielement Particles of Welding Fumes

Author

Esperanza Perdrix, Laurent Y. Alleman, Davy Rousset, Patrice Coddeville, Manuella Ghanem, Université de Nantes (UN), Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Lille Douai (IMT Nord Europe), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), and Institut national de recherche et de sécurité (Vandoeuvre lès Nancy) (INRS ( Vandoeuvre lès Nancy))

Subjects
Atmospheric Science, phosphate buffer solubility, Molar concentration, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, metal, 010501 environmental sciences, Environmental Science (miscellaneous), lcsh:QC851-999, 01 natural sciences, Redox, Catalysis, Metal, Transition metal, Solubility, Chemical composition, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, particles, oxidative potential, Chemistry, fungi, technology, industry, and agriculture, welding fumes, visual_art, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, visual_art.visual_art_medium, Composition (visual arts), lcsh:Meteorology. Climatology, Nuclear chemistry, DTT
Abstract

To evaluate the chemical behavior and the health impact of welding fumes (WF), a complex and heterogeneous mixture of particulate metal oxides, two certified reference materials (CRMs) were tested: mild steel WF (MSWF-1) and stainless steel WF (SSWF-1). We determined their total chemical composition, their solubility, and their oxidative potential in a phosphate buffer (PB) solution under physiological conditions (pH 7.4 and 37 &deg, C). The oxidative potential (OPDTT) of WF CRMs was evaluated using an acellular method by following the dithiothreitol (DTT) consumption rate (&micro, mol DTT L&minus, 1 min&minus, 1). Pure metal salts present in the PB soluble fraction of the WF CRMs were tested individually at equivalent molarity to estimate their specific contribution to the total OPDTT. The metal composition of MSWF-1 consisted mainly of Fe, Zn, Mn, and Cu and the SSWF-1 composition consisted mainly of Fe, Mn, Cr, Ni, Cu, and Zn, in diminishing order. The metal PB solubility decreased from Cu (11%) to Fe (approximately 0.2%) for MSWF-1 and from Mn (9%) to Fe (&lt, 1%) for SSWF-1. The total OPDTT of SSWF-1 is 2.2 times the OPDTT of MSWF-1 due to the difference in oxidative capacity of soluble transition metals. Cu (II) and Mn (II) are the most sensitive towards DTT while Cr (VI), Fe (III), and Zn (II) are barely reactive, even at higher concentrations. The OPDTT measured for both WF CRMs extracts compare well with simulated extracts containing the main metals at their respective PB-soluble concentrations. The most soluble transition metals in the simulated extract, Mn (II) and Cu (II), were the main contributors to OPDTT in WF CRMs extracts. Mn (II), Cu (II), and Ni (II) might enhance the DTT oxidation by a redox catalytic reaction. However, summing the main individual soluble metal DTT response induces a large overestimation probably linked to modifications in the speciation of various metals when mixed. The complexation of metals with different ligands present in solution and the interaction between metals in the PB-soluble fraction are important phenomena that can influence OPDTT depletion and therefore the potential health effect of inhaled WF.

Published
2021

10. Emerging role of epigenetic alterations in the lung inflammation and tissue remodeling induced by air pollution-derived PM2.5 in mice

Author

Sébastien Anthérieu, C. Grare, Laurent Y. Alleman, E. Theerens, J.-M. Lo Guidice, E. Barbier, Esperanza Perdrix, Guillaume Garçon, Impact de l'environnement chimique sur la santé humaine - ULR 4483 (IMPECS), Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), Centre for Energy and Environment (CERI EE - IMT Nord Europe), Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Lille Douai (IMT Nord Europe), and Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)

Subjects
Lung, business.industry, Inflammation, General Medicine, Toxicology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Tissue remodeling, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, medicine, Cancer research, Epigenetics, medicine.symptom, business, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2021

11. Oxidative stress and inflammation induced by air pollution-derived PM2.5 persist in the lungs of mice after cessation of their subchronic exposure

Author

J.-M. Lo Guidice, T. Chassat, Esperanza Perdrix, Sébastien Anthérieu, Guillaume Garçon, M. Happillon, Laurent Y. Alleman, E. Barbier, Impact de l'environnement chimique sur la santé humaine - ULR 4483 (IMPECS), Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), Centre for Energy and Environment (CERI EE - IMT Nord Europe), Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Lille Douai (IMT Nord Europe), and Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)

Subjects
business.industry, Immunology, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Air pollution, Medicine, Inflammation, General Medicine, medicine.symptom, Toxicology, business, medicine.disease_cause, Oxidative stress, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2021

12. Pesticides in the Indoor Environment of Residential Houses: A Case Study in Strasbourg, France

Author

Josephine Al-Alam, Alexandre Sonnette, Olivier Delhomme, Laurent Y. Alleman, Patrice Coddeville, and Maurice Millet

Subjects
Air Pollution, Indoor, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Housing, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Humans, Dust, Environmental Exposure, Pesticides, pesticides, indoor environment, air, dust, pyrethroids, Environmental Monitoring
Abstract

Indoor environmental exposure to pesticides has become one of the major concerns that might adversely affect human health and development. People spend most of their lifetime in enclosed indoor environments where they might inhale harmful toxic chemicals, such as pesticides, dispersed either in particulate or in a gas phase. In this study, an assessment of pesticide contamination in indoor environments was conducted. The study covered nine houses during one year, starting from February 2016 and ending in February 2017, in which both air and dust samples were assessed for their potential contamination with 50 pesticides. The results showed that all the assessed houses were contaminated by several pesticides, especially with the allethrin pesticide (detection frequency (DF) = 100%). The highest pesticide contamination was detected in the spring/summer season when it reached an average of around 185 ng g−1 and 186.4 ng sampler−1 in the collected dust and air samples, respectively. The potential contamination of pyrethroid insecticides within all the targeted samples revealed by this study stresses the importance of minimizing the use of such indoor treatments as part of the efficient prevention and control of human exposure to pesticides.

Published
2022

13. Collaborative determination of trace element mass fractions and isotope ratios in AQUA-1 drinking water certified reference material

Author

David Dumoulin, Patricia Grinberg, Bruno Malet, Jean Dumont, Delphine Yeghicheyan, Léa Causse, Pierre Deschamps, Gabriel Billon, Fabienne Séby, Rémi Freydier, Moustafa Belhadj, Jérôme Chmeleff, Aurélie Marquet, Christophe Cloquet, Abel Guihou, Catherine Jeandel, Mickaël Tharaud, Laurent Y. Alleman, Laure Cordier, Irina Djouraev, Zoltán Mester, Hélène Mariot, Guillaume Trommetter, Jean Riotte, Paramee Kumkrong, Centre de Recherches Pétrographiques et Géochimiques (CRPG), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Research Council of Canada (NRC), Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Lille Douai (IMT Nord Europe), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Laboratoire d'Economie et de Gestion des Organisations de Santé (Legos), Université Paris Dauphine-PSL, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Observatoire de REcherche Méditerranéen de l'Environnement (OSU OREME), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-IPG PARIS-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Variabilité à long terme du climat de l'océan (VALCO), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Laboratoire Avancé de Spectroscopie pour les Intéractions la Réactivité et l'Environnement - UMR 8516 (LASIRE), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centrale Lille Institut (CLIL), Ultra Traces Analyses Aquitaine (UT2A), Ultra Traces Analyses Aquitaine, Hydrosciences Montpellier (HSM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire d'études en Géophysique et océanographie spatiales (LEGOS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP (UMR_7154)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
trace elements, rare earth elements, 010501 environmental sciences, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, River water, Analytical Chemistry, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Calibration, isotopic ratios, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Isotope, Drinking Water, Trace element, elemental analysis, Water, Reference Standards, drinking water reference material, Method development, 6. Clean water, CRM, Certified reference materials, 13. Climate action, Elemental analysis, Environmental chemistry, Environmental science, Mass fraction
Abstract

International audience; The Isotrace CNRS workgroup in collaboration with National Research Council of Canada has characterized a number of trace element mass fractions and isotope ratios currently not certified in AQUA-1 natural drinking water reference material (NRC Canada). This survey further expands the use of this material as a tool for environmental quality control, method validation, and method development tool for the international community. Simultaneously, the SLRS-6 river water was analyzed as quality control and also in order to compare both water characteristics, which were sampled in the same area but having undergone different treatment. Mass fractions for B, Cs, Li, Ga, Ge, Hf, Nb, P, Rb, Rh, Re, S, Sc, Se, Si, Sn, Th, Ti, Tl, W, Y, Zr, REEs, and six isotopic ratios are proposed for Sr and Pb. Measurements were mostly performed using ICP-MS with various calibration approaches. The results are reported as consensus or indicative values depending on the number of available datasets, with their associated uncertainties.

Published
2021

14. Air pollution-derived PM2.5 impairs mitochondrial function in healthy and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseased human bronchial epithelial cells

Author

J.-M. Lo Guidice, Anne Loyens, Jerome Kluza, Esperanza Perdrix, Patrice Coddeville, Jules Sotty, Laurent Y. Alleman, Guillaume Garçon, Philippe Marchetti, Sébastien Anthérieu, Bérénice Leclercq, Institut pour la Recherche sur le Cancer de Lille (U837 INSERM - IRCL), Institut pour la recherche sur le cancer de Lille [Lille] (IRCL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre AUBERT - Neurosciences et Cancer -JPArc [Lille], Département Sciences de l'Atmosphère et Génie de l'Environnement (SAGE), École des Mines de Douai (Mines Douai EMD), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Génie Civil et Environnemental (GCE), Centre for Energy and Environment (CERI EE), Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Lille Douai (IMT Lille Douai), and Centre for Materials and Processes (CERI MP)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Mitochondrial ROS, Chemistry, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Cell, General Medicine, Oxidative phosphorylation, respiratory system, 010501 environmental sciences, Toxicology, 01 natural sciences, Pollution, Cell biology, 03 medical and health sciences, Cytosol, 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Apoptosis, [SDV.TOX]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Toxicology, medicine, Cytokine secretion, Signal transduction, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Homeostasis, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

In order to clarify whether the mitochondrial dysfunction is closely related to the cell homeostasis maintenance after particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure, oxidative, inflammatory, apoptotic and mitochondrial endpoints were carefully studied in human bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B, normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)-diseased human bronchial epithelial (DHBE) cells acutely or repeatedly exposed to air pollution-derived PM2.5. Some modifications of the mitochondrial morphology were observed within all these cell models repeatedly exposed to the highest dose of PM2.5. Dose- and exposure-dependent oxidative damages were reported in BEAS-2B, NHBE and particularly COPD-DHBE cells acutely or repeatedly exposed to PM2.5. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-p45 related factor 2 (NRF2) gene expression and binding activity, together with the mRNA levels of some NRF2 target genes, were directly related to the number of exposures for the lowest PM2.5 dose (i.e., 2 μg/cm2), but, surprisingly, inversely related to the number of exposures for the highest dose (i.e., 10 μg/cm2). There were dose- and exposure-dependent increases of both nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) binding activity and NF-κB target cytokine secretion in BEAS-2B, NHBE and particularly COPD-DHBE cells exposed to PM2.5. Mitochondrial ROS production, membrane potential depolarization, oxidative phosphorylation, and ATP production were significantly altered in all the cell models repeatedly exposed to the highest dose of PM2.5. Collectively, our results indicate a cytosolic ROS overproduction, inducing oxidative damage and activating oxygen sensitive NRF2 and NF-kB signaling pathways for all the cell models acutely or repeatedly exposed to PM2.5. However, one of the important highlight of our findings is that the prolonged and repeated exposure in BEAS-2B, NHBE and in particular sensible COPD-DHBE cells further caused an oxidative boost able to partially inactivate the NRF2 signaling pathway and to critically impair mitochondrial redox homeostasis, thereby producing a persistent mitochondrial dysfunction and a lowering cell energy supply.

Published
2018

15. Metal enriched quasi-ultrafine particles from gas metal arc welding-stainless steel induced genetic and epigenetic alterations in BEAS-2B cells

Author

C. Grare, Sébastien Anthérieu, Laurent Y. Alleman, D. Rousset, A. Leroyer, C. Nisse, Fabrice Nesslany, J.-M. Lo Guidice, J. Boudjema, D. Achour, Anne Platel, Esperanza Perdrix, B. Lima, Guillaume Garçon, Impact de l'environnement chimique sur la santé humaine - ULR 4483 (IMPECS), Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), Centre for Energy and Environment (CERI EE - IMT Nord Europe), Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Lille Douai (IMT Nord Europe), and Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)

Subjects
Metal, Materials science, visual_art, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Metallurgy, Ultrafine particle, visual_art.visual_art_medium, General Medicine, Toxicology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Gas metal arc welding
Abstract

International audience

Published
2021

16. Characterization and source apportionment of single particles from metalworking activities

Author

Karine Deboudt, Saliou Mbengue, Jovanna Arndt, Robert M. Healy, Véronique Riffault, Laurent Y. Alleman, John C. Wenger, Ari Setyan, Pascal Flament, University College Cork (UCC), Ontario Ministry of the Environment and Climate Change, Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie de l'Atmosphère (LPCA), Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO), Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Lille Douai (IMT Lille Douai), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Centre for Energy and Environment (CERI EE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), ADEME, Regional Council 'Hauts-de-France', French Ministry of Higher Education and Research, CNRS, European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), Communauté Urbaine de Dunkerque, Irish Research Council, NANO-INDUS project (1181C0089), CPER CLIMIBIO, CPER IRENI, and ANR-11-LABX-0005,Cappa,Physiques et Chimie de l'Environnement Atmosphérique(2011)

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, 010501 environmental sciences, Raw material, Toxicology, 01 natural sciences, Ferromanganese, Air Pollution, Particle Size, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, Air quality index, Chemical composition, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Vehicle Emissions, Aerosols, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Air Pollutants, General Medicine, Particulates, Pollution, Aerosol, 13. Climate action, Environmental chemistry, Metalworking, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Particle, Environmental science, Particulate Matter, France, Environmental Monitoring
Abstract

International audience; Industrial metalworking facilities emit a variety of air toxics including volatile organic compounds, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heavy metals. In order to investigate these emissions, a 1-month multi-instrument field campaign was undertaken at an industrial site in Grande-Synthe, Dunkirk (France), in May and June 2012. One of the main objectives of the study was to provide new information on the chemical composition of particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters smaller than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) in the vicinity of metalworking facilities. An aerosol time-of-flight mass spectrometer (ATOFMS) was deployed to provide size-resolved chemical mixing state measurements of ambient single particles at high temporal resolution. This mixing state information was then used to apportion PM2.5 to local metalworking facilities influencing the receptor site. Periods when the site was influenced by metalworking sources were characterised by a pronounced increase in particles containing toxic metals (manganese, iron, lead) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) with a variety of chemical mixing states. The association of specific particle classes with a nearby ferromanganese alloy manufacturing plant was confirmed through comparison with previous analysis of raw materials (ores) and chimney filter particle samples collected at the facility. Particles associated with emissions from a nearby steelworks were also identified. The contribution of local metalworking activities to PM2.5 at the receptor site for the period when the ATOFMS was deployed ranged from 1 to 65% with an average contribution of 17%, while the remaining mass was attributed to other local and regional sources. These findings demonstrate the impact of metalworking facilities on air quality downwind and provide useful single particle signatures for future source apportionment studies in communities impacted by metalworking emissions.

Published
2021

17. One-year measurements of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) markers in the Paris region (France): Concentrations, gas/particle partitioning and SOA source apportionment

Author

Nicolas Bonnaire, Gerhard Lammel, Laurent Y. Alleman, Deepchandra Srivastava, Pourya Shahpoury, Grazia Maria Lanzafame, Benjamin A. Musa Bandowe, Bertrand Bessagnet, F. Couvidat, Alexandre Albinet, Olivier Favez, Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Chimie Atmosphérique Expérimentale (CAE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Lille Douai (IMT Lille Douai), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), European Project: 262254,EC:FP7:INFRA,FP7-INFRASTRUCTURES-2010-1,ACTRIS(2011), European Project: 654109,H2020,H2020-INFRAIA-2014-2015,ACTRIS-2(2015), INERIS, Parc Technologique, ALATA BP 2 60550, Verneuil-en-Halatte, France, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Division of Atmospheric Chemistry, 55128 Mainz, Germany, Air Quality Research Division [Toronto], Environment and Climate Change Canada, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Lille Douai (IMT Nord Europe), Centre d'Enseignement et de Recherche en Environnement Atmosphérique (CEREA), École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-EDF R&D (EDF R&D), EDF (EDF)-EDF (EDF), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)

Subjects
Pollution, Environmental Engineering, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, media_common.quotation_subject, 010501 environmental sciences, behavioral disciplines and activities, 01 natural sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, TRACER, Environmental Chemistry, Waste Management and Disposal, Isoprene, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, media_common, Total organic carbon, Pinene, Particulates, Aerosol, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Environmental chemistry, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, Particle
Abstract

Twenty-five biogenic and anthropogenic secondary organic aerosol (SOA) markers have been measured over a one-year period in both gaseous and PM10 phases in the Paris region (France). Seasonal and chemical patterns were similar to those previously observed in Europe, but significantly different from the ones observed in America and Asia due to dissimilarities in source precursor emissions. Nitroaromatic compounds showed higher concentrations in winter due to larger emissions of their precursors originating from biomass combustion used for residential heating purposes. Among the biogenic markers, only isoprene SOA marker concentrations increased in summer while pinene SOA markers did not display any clear seasonal trend. The measured SOA markers, usually considered as semi-volatiles, were mainly associated to the particulate phase, except for the nitrophenols and nitroguaiacols, and their gas/particle partitioning (GPP) showed a low temperature and OM concentrations dependency. An evaluation of their GPP with thermodynamic model predictions suggested that apart from equilibrium partitioning between organic phase and air, the GPP of the markers is affected by processes suppressing volatility from a mixed organic and inorganic phase, such as enhanced dissolution in aerosol aqueous phase and non-equilibrium conditions. SOA marker concentrations were used to apportion secondary organic carbon (SOC) sources applying both, an improved version of the SOA-tracer method and positive matrix factorization (PMF) Total SOC estimations agreed very well between both models, except in summer and during a highly processed Springtime PM pollution event in which systematic underestimation by the SOA tracer method was evidenced. As a first approach, the SOA-tracer method could provide a reliable estimation of the average SOC concentrations, but it is limited due to the lack of markers for aged SOA together with missing SOA/SOC conversion fractions for several sources.

Published
2021

18. Overview of the French Operational Network for In Situ Observation of PM Chemical Composition and Sources in Urban Environments (CARA Program)

Author

Joel Savarino, Jean-Eudes Petit, Gilles Levigoureux, Shouwen Zhang, Sabrina Pontet, Laurent Y. Alleman, Florie Chevrier, Carole Boullanger, Raphaële Falhun, Gaëlle Uzu, Jean-Luc Besombes, Nicolas Bonnaire, Samuël Weber, Deepchandra Srivastava, Abdoulaye Samaké, Dalia Salameh, Arnaud Papin, Valérie Gros, Véronique Riffault, Yunjiang Zhang, Anais Detournay, Caroline Marchand, Alexandre Albinet, Nicolas Marchand, Marta Dominik-Sègue, Céline Garbin, Mélodie Chatain, Eva Leoz-Garziandia, Véronique Ghersi, Sébastien Conil, Jérôme Rangognio, Tanguy Amodeo, Guillaume Grignion, Robin Aujay-Plouzeau, Jean-Luc Jaffrezo, Benjamin Chazeau, Olivier Favez, Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), LCSQA - Laboratoire Central de Surveillance de la Qualité de l’Air, Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement (IGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Chimie Atmosphérique Expérimentale (CAE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Lille Douai (IMT Lille Douai), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Centre for Energy and Environment (CERI EE - IMT Nord Europe), Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Lille Douai (IMT Nord Europe), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Laboratoire Chimie de l'environnement (LCE), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), AtmoSud, Madininair, Atmo Grand Est, Atmo Nouvelle-Aquitaine, Atmo Bourgogne Franche-Comté (ATMO BFC), Atmo Normandie, Air Breizh, Gwad'air, AIRPARIF - Surveillance de la qualité de l'air en Île-de-France, Qualitair Corse, Air Pays de la Loire, ATMO Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes (ATMO-AURA), LIG'AIR- Surveillance de la Qualité de l'Air en Région Centre, ATMO Hauts de France [Lille], Environnements, Dynamiques et Territoires de Montagne (EDYTEM), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire Pérenne de l'Environnement, Agence Nationale pour la Gestion des Déchets Radioactifs (ANDRA), French Ministry of Environment, ADEME, CNRS, CEA, ACTRIS-France (CLAP national observation service), ANDRA, ENS Paris, CARA program (LCSQA), CPER CLIMIBIO, SOURCES project (1462C0064), DECOMBIO project (1362C0028), PM-DRIVE project (1162C0002), CAMERA project (1062c0008), INACS project (1262c0011), QAMECS project (1262c0011), ANR-11-LABX-0005,Cappa,Physiques et Chimie de l'Environnement Atmosphérique(2011), ANR-10-LABX-0056,OSUG@2020,Innovative strategies for observing and modelling natural systems(2010), European Project: 262254,EC:FP7:INFRA,FP7-INFRASTRUCTURES-2010-1,ACTRIS(2011), European Project: 654109,H2020,H2020-INFRAIA-2014-2015,ACTRIS-2(2015), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Centre for Energy and Environment (CERI EE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Atmo Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Environnements, Dynamiques et Territoires de la Montagne (EDYTEM), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])

Subjects
In situ, Atmospheric Science, source, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Aerosol chemical composition, lcsh:QC851-999, 010501 environmental sciences, Environmental Science (miscellaneous), Mineral dust, Reference laboratory, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, apportionment, Apportionment, 11. Sustainability, Air quality index, Chemical composition, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, aerosol chemical composition, business.industry, Environmental resource management, Quality control, source apportionment, Particulates, atmospheric_science, Aerosol, monitoring strategies, 13. Climate action, urban air quality, Environmental chemistry, Environmental science, lcsh:Meteorology. Climatology, France, business, Quality assurance
Abstract

The CARA program has been developed since 2008 by the French reference laboratory for air quality monitoring (LCSQA) and the regional monitoring networks to gain a better knowledge at the national level on the particulate matter (PM) chemistry and its diverse origins in urban environments. It results of strong collaborations with international-level academic partners, allowing to bring state-of-the-art, straightforward and robust results and methodologies within operational air quality stakeholders (and subsequently, decision makers). Here, we illustrate some of the main outputs obtained over the last decade thanks to this program, regarding methodological aspects (both in terms of measurement techniques and data treatment procedures) as well as acquired knowledge on the predominant PM sources. Offline and online methods are used following well-suited quality assurance and quality control procedures, notably including inter-laboratory comparison exercises. Source apportionment studies are conducted using various receptor modeling approaches. Overall, the results presented herewith underline the major influences of residential wood burning (during the cold period) and road transport emissions (exhaust and non-exhaust ones, all along the year), as well as substantial contributions of mineral dust and primary biogenic particles (mostly during the warm period). Long-range transport phenomena, e.g., advection of secondary inorganic aerosols from the European continental sector and of Saharan dust into the French West Indies, are also discussed in this paper. Finally, we briefly address the use of stable isotope measurements (δ15N) and of various organic molecular markers for a better understanding of the origins of ammonium and of the different organic aerosol fractions, respectively.

Published
2021

19. Study of in vitro and in vivo genotoxic effects of air pollution fine (PM2.5-0.18) and quasi-ultrafine (PM0.18) particles on lung models

Author

Fabrice Nesslany, Anne Platel, Smail Talahari, Jules Sotty, K. Privat, Laurent Y. Alleman, F.-O. Denayer, Sophie Simar, J.-M. Lo Guidice, L. Canivet, Sébastien Anthérieu, E. Gateau, G. Dourdin, A. Delobel, Y. Saleh, Esperanza Perdrix, Guillaume Garçon, Impact de l'environnement chimique sur la santé humaine - ULR 4483 (IMPECS), Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), Laboratoire de Toxicologie génétique (LTG), Université de Lille, Sciences et Technologies, Centre for Energy and Environment (CERI EE - IMT Nord Europe), Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Lille Douai (IMT Nord Europe), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Lille Douai (IMT Lille Douai), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), and Centre for Energy and Environment (CERI EE)

Subjects
Environmental Engineering, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, DNA damage, Chemistry, Context (language use), 010501 environmental sciences, Gene mutation, medicine.disease_cause, 01 natural sciences, Pollution, 3. Good health, 13. Climate action, In vivo, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, medicine, Cancer research, Environmental Chemistry, Mode of action, Micronucleus, Waste Management and Disposal, Genotoxicity, Carcinogen, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

Air pollution and particulate matter (PM) are classified as carcinogenic to humans. Pollutants evidence for public health concern include coarse (PM10) and fine (PM2.5) particles. However, ultrafine particles (PM0.1) are assumed to be more toxic than larger particles, but data are still needed to better understand their mechanism of action. In this context, the aim of our work was to investigate the in vitro and in vivo genotoxic potential of fine (PM2.5-018) and quasi ultra-fine (PM0.18) particles from an urban-industrial area (Dunkirk, France) by using comet, micronucleus and/or gene mutation assays. In vitro assessment was performed with 2 lung immortalized cell lines (BEAS-2B and NCI-H292) and primary normal human bronchial epithelial cells (NHBE) grown at the air-liquid interface or in submerged conditions (5 µg PM/cm2). For in vivo assessment, tests were performed after acute (24 h, 100 µg PM/animal), subacute (1 month, 10 µg PM/animal) and subchronic (3 months, 10 µg PM/animal) intranasal exposure of BALB/c mice. In vitro, our results show that PM2.5-018 and PM0.18 induced primary DNA damage but no chromosomal aberrations in immortalized cells. Negative results were noted in primary cells for both endpoints. In vivo assays revealed that PM2.5-018 and PM0.18 induced no significant increases in DNA primary damage, chromosomal aberrations or gene mutations, whatever the duration of exposure. This investigation provides initial answers regarding the in vitro and in vivo genotoxic mode of action of PM2.5-018 and PM0.18 at moderate doses and highlights the need to develop standardized specific methodologies for assessing the genotoxicity of PM. Moreover, other mechanisms possibly implicated in pulmonary carcinogenesis, e.g. epigenetics, should be investigated.

Published
2020

20. A versatile method for the quantification of 100 SVOCs from various families: Application to indoor air, dust and bioaccessibility evaluation

Author

Patrice Coddeville, Alexandre Sonnette, Olivier Delhomme, Maurice Millet, and Laurent Y. Alleman

Subjects
Detection limit, Pollutant, Chromatography, Chemistry, Indoor air, 010401 analytical chemistry, Thermal desorption, Tenax, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Tandem mass spectrometry, 01 natural sciences, 0104 chemical sciences, Analytical Chemistry, chemistry.chemical_compound, Gas chromatography, 0210 nano-technology, Derivatization, Spectroscopy
Abstract

A method coupling automated thermal desorption (ATD) with in-tube derivatization and solid phase micro-extraction (SPME), with on-injector derivatization gas chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry (GC/MSMS) was developed and used for the simultaneous quantification of 100 semivolatile (SVOCs) pollutants (50 pesticides, 16 PAHs, 22 PCBs, 7 phthalates and 5 alkylphenols) in indoor air, indoor dust, and for bioaccessibility evaluation. Chemical compounds in indoor air were sampled on Tenax-TA passive samplers (PAS) exposed for 15 days, while dust was collected on silicon carbide (SiC©) foam using a custom made vacuum cleaner head. After sampling, Tenax tubes from PAS were introduced directly into a thermal desorption tube while dust was extracted using accelerated solvent extractor (ASE). Extract is then used to spike clean Tenax-TA tube that is then treated as a Tenax from PAS. The derivatization agent (MtBSTFA) and a mix of internal standards were added into the tubes before thermal desorption and analysis by GC/MSMS. The SPME technique was applied to extract the 100 SVOCs from the different tested bioaccessibility solutions (saliva, gastric, intestinal). This method permits the determination of 100 pollutants in a single run, including those requiring a derivatization step, with very low quantification and detection limits. Indeed, ATD-GC/MSMS technic presents very low LOD (0.002 to 0.17 ng) and LOQ (0.007 to 0.56 ng) values while SPME-GC/MSMS displays slightly higher LOD (0.044 to 12.3 ng) and LOQ (0.10 to 37.0 ng) ranges.

Published
2021

21. Constraining modern-day silicon cycling in Lake Baikal

Author

Luc André, Virginia N. Panizzo, Laurent Y. Alleman, Matthew S.A. Horstwood, Anson W. Mackay, George E. A. Swann, E.G. Vologina, and Vanessa Pashley

Subjects
Delta, Atmospheric Science, Global and Planetary Change, Biogeochemical cycle, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Dissolved silica, Drainage basin, Spring bloom, Structural basin, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, 6. Clean water, Carbon cycle, Oceanography, 13. Climate action, Environmental Chemistry, Spatial variability, 14. Life underwater, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science
Abstract

Constraining the continental silicon cycle is a key requirement in attempts to understand both nutrient fluxes to the ocean and linkages between silicon and carbon cycling over different time scales. Silicon isotope data of dissolved silica (δ30SiDSi) are presented here from Lake Baikal and its catchment in central Siberia. As well as being the world's oldest and voluminous lake, Lake Baikal lies within the seventh largest drainage basin in the world and exports significant amounts of freshwater into the Arctic Ocean. Data from river waters accounting for ~92% of annual river inflow to the lake suggest no seasonal alteration or anthropogenic impact on river δ30SiDSi composition. The absence of a change in δ30SiDSi within the Selenga Delta, through which 62% of riverine flow passes, suggests a net balance between biogenic uptake and dissolution in this system. A key feature of this study is the use of δ30SiDSi to examine seasonal and spatial variations in DSi utilization and export across the lake. Using an open system model against deepwater δ30SiDSi values from the lake, we estimate that 20–24% of DSi entering Lake Baikal is exported into the sediment record. While highlighting the impact that lakes may have upon the sequestration of continental DSi, mixed layer δ30SiDSi values from 2003 and 2013 show significant spatial variability in the magnitude of spring bloom nutrient utilization with lower rates in the north relative to south basin.

Published
2017

22. Tenax-TA Spiking Approach of Thermal Desorption Coupled to GC–MSMS for the Quantification of PAHs in Indoor Air and Dust

Author

Ruben Ocampo, Maurice Millet, Patrice Coddeville, Rubén Ocampo-Torres, Alexandre Sonnette, Laurent Y. Alleman, Institut de chimie et procédés pour l'énergie, l'environnement et la santé (ICPEES), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Matériaux et nanosciences d'Alsace (FMNGE), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des matériaux, Surfaces et Procédés pour la Catalyse (LMSPC), Centre for Energy and Environment (CERI EE), Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Lille Douai (IMT Lille Douai), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), École des Mines de Douai (Mines Douai EMD), and Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)

Subjects
Fluoranthene, Chrysene, Anthracene, Polymers and Plastics, 010401 analytical chemistry, Organic Chemistry, Thermal desorption, Analytical chemistry, Acenaphthene, Tenax, 010501 environmental sciences, Phenanthrene, 01 natural sciences, 0104 chemical sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Environmental chemistry, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Materials Chemistry, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Pyrene, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

A method coupling automated thermal desorption and gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was developed and used for the quantification of 16 PAHs (acenaphthene, anthracene, benzo[a]anthracene, benzo[a]pyrene, benzo[b]fluoranthene, benzo[e]pyrene, benzo[g,h,i]perylene, benzo[k]fluoranthene, chrysene, dibenzo[a,h]anthracene, fluoranthene, fluorene, indeno(1, 2, 3)pyrene, naphthalene, phenanthrene and pyrene) in indoor air and dust. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in indoor air were sampled using Tenax-TA passive samplers (PAS) exposed during 14 days. Indoor dust, collected on filters using a modified vacuum cleaner head equipped with a sieving device, was first extracted using accelerated solvent extractor. The extract was then concentrated and deposed on a Tenax-TA tube prior to analysis. Using the same thermal desorption method for the analysis of two different matrices gives complementary results with good sensitivity. Limit of detection varied between 0.009 and 0.031 ng and between...

Published
2016

23. Sources and Geographical Origins of PM10 in Metz (France) Using Oxalate as a Marker of Secondary Organic Aerosols by Positive Matrix Factorization Analysis

Author

Cyril Pallares, Olivier Favez, Laurent Y. Alleman, Nicolas Bonnaire, Jean-Eudes Petit, Emmanuel Rivière, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Atmo Grand Est, Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), LCSQA - Laboratoire Central de Surveillance de la Qualité de l’Air, Centre for Energy and Environment (CERI EE), Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Lille Douai (IMT Lille Douai), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre for Energy and Environment (CERI EE - IMT Nord Europe), and Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Lille Douai (IMT Nord Europe)

Subjects
Pollution, Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, media_common.quotation_subject, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, lcsh:QC851-999, 010501 environmental sciences, Environmental Science (miscellaneous), Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, receptor modelling, Nitrate, Dominance (ecology), Nonnegative matrix, secondary organic aerosols, Sulfate, Biomass burning, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, media_common, oxalate, Secondary organic aerosols, Aerosol, chemistry, 13. Climate action, positive matrix factorization, Environmental science, lcsh:Meteorology. Climatology, trajectory analysis
Abstract

International audience; An original source apportionment study was conducted on atmospheric particles (PM 10) collected in Metz, one of the largest cities of Eastern France. A Positive matrix factorization (PMF) analysis was applied to a sampling filter-based chemical dataset obtained for the April 2015 to January 2017 period. Nine factors were clearly identified, showing mainly contributions from anthropogenic sources of primary PM (19.2% and 16.1% for traffic and biomass burning, respectively) as well as secondary aerosols (12.3%, 14.5%, 21.8% for sulfate-, nitrate-, and oxalate-rich factors, respectively). Wood-burning aerosols exhibited strong temporal variations and contributed up to 30% of the PM mass fraction during winter, while primary traffic concentrations remained relatively constant throughout the year. These two sources are also the main contributors during observed PM 10 pollution episodes. Furthermore, the dominance of the oxalate-rich factor among other secondary aerosol factors underlines the role of atmospheric processing to secondary organic aerosol loadings which are still poorly characterized in this region. Finally, Concentration-Weighted Trajectory (CWT) analysis were performed to investigate the geographical origins of the apportioned sources, notably illustrating a significant transport of both nitrate-rich and sulfate-rich factors from Northeastern Europe but also from the Balkan region.

Published
2019
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24. Characterizing the regional contribution to PM10 pollution over northern France using two complementary approaches: Chemistry transport and trajectory-based receptor models

Author

Antoine Waked, Elise Potier, Esperanza Perdrix, Jean-Christophe Pere, Véronique Riffault, Laurent Y. Alleman, Fanny Minvielle, Vincent Michoud, A. Bourin, Stéphane Sauvage, Laboratoire d’Optique Atmosphérique - UMR 8518 (LOA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Centre for Energy and Environment (CERI EE), Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Lille Douai (IMT Lille Douai), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA (UMR_7583)), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Bioingénierie et Bioimagerie Ostéo-articulaires, Biomécanique et Biomatériaux Ostéo-Articulaires (B2OA (UMR_7052)), École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Enseignement et de Recherche en Environnement Atmosphérique (CEREA), École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-EDF R&D (EDF R&D), EDF (EDF)-EDF (EDF), Laboratoire de météorologie physique (LaMP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP), Génie Civil et Environnemental (GCE), École des Mines de Douai (Mines Douai EMD), Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département S.A.G.E (SAGE), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (ECOLAB), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre for Energy and Environment (CERI EE - IMT Nord Europe), and Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Lille Douai (IMT Nord Europe)

Subjects
Pollution, Atmospheric Science, Source area, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Chemical speciation, Contribution function, media_common.quotation_subject, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Atmospheric pollution, 010501 environmental sciences, Particulates, 01 natural sciences, Field (geography), 13. Climate action, Climatology, 11. Sustainability, Trajectory, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, media_common
Abstract

Atmospheric pollution is a striking regional issue for public health and ecosystems and has major global impacts on climate. Particulate matter (PM) can be of primary or secondary origin and its sources, both natural and anthropogenic, are very heterogeneous in space and time. Hence, many efforts have been made worldwide to get a better knowledge of PM sources, in order to set effective reduction strategies. To this end, several distinct approaches may be used among which: (i) the localization of potential source areas with trajectory-based statistical receptor models (TRMs) which combine PM concentrations observed at receptor sites with computed back trajectories (BTs) of air masses, and (ii) the estimation of PM source contribution and chemical speciation with deterministic chemistry transport models (CTMs) based on emission inventories and detailed chemistry-transport processes. This study aims at testing the coherence between two independant approaches, CTMs and TRMs, for the geographical localization of the sources impacting a region of study. The case study refers to PM10 pollution in the Hauts-de-France region (HdF) in the North of France for the year 2010. The considered TRMs are multi-site Concentration Field (CF) and Potential Source Contribution Function (PSCF) applied to 12 receptor sites using the Zefir package. The considered CTM is CHIMERE using detailed EDGAR European emission data. First, TRMs showed that some given far-located European countries (named “Far-East” countries) could have a strong but infrequent impact on PM10 levels in the study region, while some given nearer European countries (named “Near-East” countries) had a frequent and predominant impact. Then, the contributions of each of these TRM-highlighted regions to PM10 concentrations over the study area were analyzed by CHIMERE simulations. The potential influence of another non TRM-highlighted region (i.e. the “British Isles”) was also studied for comparison. The CTM results confirmed the prevalence of the Near-East source area in terms of mass contribution throughout the year and particularly during high-concentration periods. Therefore results obtained from CHIMERE CTM and multi-site CF and PSCF TRMs showed consistency, highlighting the interest for further comparison of both CTMs and TRMs independent approaches in other regions as well as for other pollutants.

Published
2019

25. Investigation on the near-field evolution of industrial plumes from metalworking activities

Author

Laurent Y. Alleman, Cyril Gengembre, Robert M. Healy, Hervé Delbarre, John C. Wenger, Coralie Schoemaecker, Nadine Locoge, Patrick Augustin, Ari Setyan, Karine Deboudt, Fabrice Cazier, Thierry Léonardis, Pascal Flament, Marc Fourmentin, Saliou Mbengue, Jovanna Arndt, Véronique Riffault, Paul Genevray, Dorothée Dewaele, Hélène Marris, Pascale Dewalle, Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie de l'Atmosphère (LPCA), Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO), Centre for Energy and Environment (CERI EE - IMT Nord Europe), Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Lille Douai (IMT Nord Europe), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Lille Douai (IMT Lille Douai), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Physicochimie des Processus de Combustion et de l’Atmosphère - UMR 8522 (PC2A), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Environmental Research Institute [Cork] (ERI), University College Cork (UCC), Centre commun de mesures (CCM-ULCO), Centre for Energy and Environment (CERI EE), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lille

Subjects
Environmental Engineering, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Population, Mineralogy, Context (language use), 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Fine particles, Ultrafine particle, Environmental Chemistry, Volatile organic compounds, Industrial emissions, education, Waste Management and Disposal, Chemical composition, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, education.field_of_study, Atmospheric dynamics, Sea spray, Pollution, Trace gas, Plume evolution, 13. Climate action, Environmental science, Particle, Particle size
Abstract

International audience; In a context where a significant fraction of the population lives near industrial areas, the main objectives of this study are to provide (a) new data on PM2.5 chemical compositions, heavy metal concentrations and trace gases released by metalworking activities and (b) new information on the nearfield evolution (up to about a thousand meters) of such industrial plumes in terms of particle chemical composition and size distribution. For that purpose, aone-month field campaign was performed in an industrial area near the city of Dunkirk (Northern France), combining measurements of atmospheric dynamics and physico-chemical characterization of air masses. Comparisons between several elemental ratios (mainly Mn/Fe), particle size distributions and volatile organic compound (VOC) concentrations at the stacks and at a near-field site suggest that plumes of a ferromanganese alloy plant were quickly mixed with pollutants emitted by other sources (mainly other industries, possibly traffic and sea spray), in particular a neighboring steelworks, before reaching the sampling site. This led to the emergence of secondary particles related to condensation and/or aggregationphenomena inside the plumes. Metalworking emissions were also identified as a source of new particle formation, formed through the emission of gaseous precursors and their fast transformation and condensation, over a timescale of minutes before reaching the near-field site 800 m downwind. Ultrafine particles emitted at the stacks also quickly agglomerated to form larger particles before reaching the near-field site. These results show that, even over short distances, the chemical composition and size distribution of metalworking plumes may evolve rapidly and the characteristics of particles at the boundary of an industrial area (especially in contiguous urban areas) may differ from those emitted directly at the stacks.

Published
2019

26. Comparison of PM10 Sources Profiles at 15 French Sites Using a Harmonized Constrained Positive Matrix Factorization Approach

Author

Jean-Luc Jaffrezo, Antoine Waked, Alexandre Albinet, Benoit Rocq, Laurent Y. Alleman, Olivier Favez, Géraldine Guillaud, Boualem Meshbah, Jean-Luc Besombes, Véronique Jacob, Agnès Hulin, Samuël Weber, Dalia Salameh, Marta Dominik-Sègue, Eve Chretien, Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement (IGE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Centre for Energy and Environment (CERI EE), Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Lille Douai (IMT Lille Douai), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Laboratoire LCME / Equipe Chimie de l'Environnement (LCME_CE), Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire et Environnement (LCME), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), ATMO Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes (ATMO-AURA), ATMO Hauts de France [Lille], Atmo Nouvelle-Aquitaine, Atmo Normandie, Atmo Grand Est, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Centre for Energy and Environment (CERI EE - IMT Nord Europe), and Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Lille Douai (IMT Nord Europe)

Subjects
Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, PM, Air pollution, Context (language use), lcsh:QC851-999, 010501 environmental sciences, Environmental Science (miscellaneous), Atmospheric sciences, medicine.disease_cause, 01 natural sciences, Representativeness heuristic, GEOF, similarity assessment, 11. Sustainability, medicine, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Nonnegative matrix, Air quality index, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Mathematical model, Homogeneity (statistics), source apportionment, Particulates, uncertainties, 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, lcsh:Meteorology. Climatology, aerosols
Abstract

Receptor-oriented models, including positive matrix factorization (PMF) analyses, are now commonly used to elaborate and/or evaluate action plans to improve air quality. In this context, the SOURCES project has been set-up to gather and investigate in a harmonized way 15 datasets of chemical compounds from PM10 collected for PMF studies during a five-year period (2012&ndash, 2016) in France. The present paper aims at giving an overview of the results obtained within this project, notably illustrating the behavior of key primary sources as well as focusing on their statistical robustness and representativeness. Overall, wood burning for residential heating as well as road transport were confirmed to be the two main primary sources strongly influencing PM10 loadings across the country. While wood burning profiles, as well as those dominated by secondary inorganic aerosols, present a rather good homogeneity among the sites investigated, some significant variabilities were observed for primary traffic factors, illustrating the need to better characterize the diversity of the various vehicle exhaust and non-exhaust emissions. Finally, natural sources, such as sea salts (widely observed in internal mixing with anthropogenic compounds), primary biogenic aerosols and/or terrigenous particles, were also found as non-negligible PM10 components at every investigated site.

Published
2019

27. Differential responses of healthy and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseased human bronchial epithelial cells repeatedly exposed to air pollution-derived PM4

Author

Emilie M. Hardy, Nathalie Grova, E. Perdrix, Brice M.R. Appenzeller, B. Leclercq, Sébastien Anthérieu, Guillaume Garçon, J.-M. Lo Guidice, Patrice Coddeville, M. Happillon, Laurent Y. Alleman, Centre for Energy and Environment (CERI EE), Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Lille Douai (IMT Lille Douai), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), and Centre for Materials and Processes (CERI MP)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Telomerase, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Cell, General Medicine, 010501 environmental sciences, Biology, Toxicology, 01 natural sciences, Pollution, 3. Good health, Telomere, 03 medical and health sciences, Histone H3, 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, [SDV.TOX]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Toxicology, Immunology, medicine, Cytokine secretion, Epigenetics, Respiratory system, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Immunostaining, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

While the knowledge of the underlying mechanisms by which air pollution-derived particulate matter (PM) exerts its harmful health effects is still incomplete, detailed in vitro studies are highly needed. With the aim of getting closer to the human in vivo conditions and better integrating a number of factors related to pre-existing chronic pulmonary inflammatory, we sought to develop primary cultures of normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cells and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)-diseased human bronchial epithelial (DHBE) cells, grown at the air-liquid interface. Pan-cytokeratin and MUC5AC immunostaining confirmed the specific cell-types of both these healthy and diseased cell models and showed they are closed to human bronchial epithelia. Thereafter, healthy and diseased cells were repeatedly exposed to air pollution-derived PM4 at the non-cytotoxic concentration of 5 μg/cm2. The differences between the oxidative and inflammatory states in non-exposed NHBE and COPD-DHBE cells indicated that diseased cells conserved their specific physiopathological characteristics. Increases in both oxidative damage and cytokine secretion were reported in repeatedly exposed NHBE cells and particularly in COPD-DHBE cells. Diseased cells repeatedly exposed had lower capacities to metabolize the organic chemicals-coated onto the air-pollution-derived PM4, such as benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), but showed higher sensibility to the formation of OH-B[a]P DNA adducts, because their diseased state possibly affected their defenses. Differential profiles of epigenetic hallmarks (i.e., global DNA hypomethylation, P16 promoter hypermethylation, telomere length shortening, telomerase activation, and histone H3 modifications) occurred in repeatedly exposed NHBE and particularly in COPD-DHBE cells. Taken together, these results closely supported the highest responsiveness of COPD-DHBE cells to a repeated exposure to air pollution-derived PM4. The use of these innovative in vitro exposure systems such as NHBE and COPD-DHBE cells could therefore be consider as a very useful and powerful promising tool in the field of the respiratory toxicology, taking into account sensitive individuals.

Published
2016

28. Assessment of Air Quality in School Environments in Hanoi, Vietnam: A Focus on Mass-Size Distribution and Elemental Composition of Indoor-Outdoor Ultrafine/Fine/Coarse Particles

Author

Viet Minh Nguyen, Ngoc Minh Ha, Minh Binh Tu, Tuyen Huu Le, Noi Van Nguyen, Dung Trung Nghiem, Dong Thanh Pham, Minh Nhat Dang, Laurent Y. Alleman, Chieu Van Le, Phuong Minh Nguyen, Trinh Dinh Tran, VNU–Key laboratory of Advanced Materials for Green Growth, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, Centre for Energy and Environment (CERI EE), Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Lille Douai (IMT Lille Douai), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), and Faculty of Environmental Sciences, University of Science, Vietnam National University

Subjects
Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, chemistry.chemical_element, lcsh:QC851-999, 010501 environmental sciences, Environmental Science (miscellaneous), 01 natural sciences, World health, particle morphology, school environment, Indoor air quality, Ultrafine particle, Indoor outdoor, Air quality index, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, elemental distribution, Elemental composition, ultrafine particles, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Environmental chemistry, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, emission sources, Environmental science, lcsh:Meteorology. Climatology, School environment, Carbon
Abstract

Indoor and outdoor ultrafine, accumulation mode, and coarse fractions collected at two preschools (S1 and S2) in Hanoi capital, Vietnam were characterized in terms of mass-size distribution and elemental composition to identify major emission sources. The sampling campaigns were performed simultaneously indoors and outdoors over four consecutive weeks at each school. Indoor average concentrations of CO2 and CO at both schools were below the limit values recommended by American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (1000 ppm for CO2) and World Health Organization (7 mg/m3 for CO). Indoor concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 at S1 and S2 were strongly influenced by the presence of children and their activities indoors. The indoor average concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 were 49.4 &micro, g/m3 and 59.7 &micro, g/m3 at S1, while those values at S2 were 7.9 and 10.8 &micro, g/m3, respectively. Mass-size distribution of indoor and outdoor particles presented similar patterns, in which ultrafine particles accounted for around 15&ndash, 20% wt/wt while fine particles (PM2.5) made up almost 80% wt/wt of PM10. PM2.5&ndash, 10 did not display regular shapes while smaller factions tended to aggregate to form clusters with fine structures. Oxygen (O) was the most abundant element in all fractions, followed by carbon (C) for indoor and outdoor particles. O accounted for 36.2% (PM0.5&ndash, 1) to 42.4% wt/wt (PM0.1) of indoor particles, while those figures for C were in the range of 14.5% (for PM0.1) to 18.1% (for PM1&ndash, 2.5). Apart from O and C, mass proportion of other major and minor elements (Al, Ca, Cr, Fe , K, Mg, Si, Ti) could make up to 50%, whereas trace elements (As, Bi, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, La, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Rb, Sb, Se, Sn, Sr, and Zn) accounted for less than 0.5% of indoor and outdoor airborne particles. There were no significant indoor emission sources of trace and minor elements. Traffic significantly contributed to major and trace elements at S1 and S2.

Published
2020

29. Evaluation of receptor and chemical transport models for PM10 source apportionment

Author

Constantini Samara, F. Lenartz, A. Di Gilio, C. Colombi, K. Maciejewska, Roberta Vecchi, Guido Pirovano, Kai Krajsek, Evangelia Diapouli, D. Mooibroek, Maria Grazia Perrone, K. Sega, Benjamin Golly, Daniele Contini, Fabiana Scotto, M. Masiol, Marcelo Pinho Almeida, E. Venturini, Giuseppe Calori, H.A.C. Denier van der Gon, Marta G. Vivanco, Daniela Cesari, Claudio A. Belis, Silvia Nava, G. Valli, Franco Lucarelli, Antoine Waked, Paolo Brotto, Véronique Riffault, Mihaela Mircea, Ettore Petralia, Eduardo Yubero, Jean-Luc Besombes, Jeroen Kuenen, M. Manousakas, Guillaume Siour, G. de Gennaro, A. Angyal, Jean-Luc Jaffrezo, Stig Hellebust, Petra Pokorná, M. Reizer, Fulvio Amato, Philip K. Hopke, Laurent Y. Alleman, Konstantinos Eleftheriadis, G. Argyropoulos, S. Bande, Paolo Prati, S. Pillon, Richard Kranenburg, Olivier Favez, Dikaia Saraga, Yahya Izadmanesh, Stefania Gilardoni, I. Beslic, Hendrik Elbern, Astrid Manders, Joana Ferreira, Romà Tauler, Stéphane Sauvage, P. Lazzeri, Mika Vestenius, Héctor Jorquera, D. Pernigotti, Lucyna Samek, Dalia Salameh, Marco Pandolfi, Marco Paglione, I. El Haddad, Martijn Schaap, A. Pietrodangelo, Maria Chiara Bove, D. Oliveira, Amato, Fulvio, Pandolfi, Marco, Tauler, Romà, European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Ispra] (JRC), Ricerca sul Sistema Energetico (RSE), Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement (IGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), TNO Climate, Air and Sustainability [Utrecht], The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Warsaw University of Technology [Warsaw], Centre for Energy and Environment (CERI EE - IMT Nord Europe), Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Lille Douai (IMT Nord Europe), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Lille Douai (IMT Lille Douai), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Centro de Ciencias e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Tecnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Bobadela LRS, Portugal, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Institute for Nuclear Research [Budapest] (ATOMKI), Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA), Environmental Pollution Control Laboratory, University of Thessaloniki, ARPA Piemonte Regional Agency for Environmental Protection, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Laboratoire LCME / Equipe Chimie de l'Environnement (LCME_CE), Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire et Environnement (LCME), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Università degli studi di Genova = University of Genoa (UniGe), ARIANET Srl, CNR Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate (ISAC), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), ARPA Lombardia, Dipartimento Sub-Provinciale Città di Milano, Department of Biology [University of Bari], Università degli studi di Bari Aldo Moro = University of Bari Aldo Moro (UNIBA), Institute of Nuclear and Radiological Sciences and Technology, Energy and Safety (INRASTES), National Center for Scientific Research 'Demokritos' (NCSR), Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Universidade de Aveiro, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas Medioambientales y Tecnológicas [Madrid] (CIEMAT), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), University College Cork (UCC), Clarkson University, Khajeh Nasir Toosi University of Technology [Téhéran] (KNTU), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (UC), Agenzia Provinciale Protezione Ambiente, Institut scientifique de service public [Liège] (ISSeP), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Firenze (INFN, Sezione di Firenze), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Agenzia Nazionale per le nuove Tecnologie, l’energia e lo sviluppo economico sostenibile = Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment [Bilthoven] (RIVM), Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca = University of Milano-Bicocca (UNIMIB), Institute for Atmospheric Pollution Research, Regional Agency for Environmental Prevention and Protection of the Veneto (ARPAV), Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science [Kraków] (FPACS), AGH University of Science and Technology [Krakow, PL] (AGH UST), ARPA Emilia-Romagna, Agenzia Regionale per la Protezione dell’Ambiente, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA (UMR_7583)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli studi di Milano, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN)-Università degli Studi di Milano = University of Milan (UNIMI), University of Bologna/Università di Bologna, Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), Miguel Hernández University, French Ministry of Environment, 'Hauts de France' Regional Council, European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), National Research, Development and Innovation Office – NKFIH, contract number PD 125086, Grant CONICYT/FONDAP/15110020, CARA program, UID/Multi/04349/2013 project, ANR-11-LABX-0005,Cappa,Physiques et Chimie de l'Environnement Atmosphérique(2011), ANR-10-LABX-0056,OSUG@2020,Innovative strategies for observing and modelling natural systems(2010), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Centre for Energy and Environment (CERI EE), University of Genoa (UNIGE), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Università degli studi di Bari Aldo Moro (UNIBA), Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca [Milano] (UNIMIB), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN)-Università degli Studi di Milano [Milano] (UNIMI), University of Bologna, Amato, Fulvio [0000-0003-1546-9154], Pandolfi, Marco [0000-0002-7493-7213], Tauler, Romà [0000-0001-8559-9670], Belis, C. A., Pernigotti, D., Pirovano, G., Favez, O., Jaffrezo, J. L., Kuenen, J., Denier van Der Gon, H., Reizer, M., Riffault, V., Alleman, L. Y., Almeida, M., Amato, F., Angyal, A., Argyropoulos, G., Bande, S., Beslic, I., Besombes, J. -L., Bove, M. C., Brotto, P., Calori, G., Cesari, D., Colombi, C., Contini, D., De Gennaro, G., Di Gilio, A., Diapouli, E., El Haddad, I., Elbern, H., Eleftheriadis, K., Ferreira, J., Vivanco, M. G., Gilardoni, S., Golly, B., Hellebust, S., Hopke, P. K., Izadmanesh, Y., Jorquera, H., Krajsek, K., Kranenburg, R., Lazzeri, P., Lenartz, F., Lucarelli, F., Maciejewska, K., Manders, A., Manousakas, M., Masiol, M., Mircea, M., Mooibroek, D., Nava, S., Oliveira, D., Paglione, M., Pandolfi, M., Perrone, M., Petralia, E., Pietrodangelo, A., Pillon, S., Pokorna, P., Prati, P., Salameh, D., Samara, C., Samek, L., Saraga, D., Sauvage, S., Schaap, M., Scotto, F., Sega, K., Siour, G., Tauler, R., Valli, G., Vecchi, R., Venturini, E., Vestenius, M., Waked, A., Yubero, E., JRC Institute for Environment and Sustainability (IES), INERIS-Parc Technologique, INERIS, Parc Technologique, ALATA BP 2 60550, Verneuil-en-Halatte, France, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Département S.A.G.E (SAGE), École des Mines de Douai (Mines Douai EMD), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Department of immunology and Infectious Deseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Istituto di Scienze dell'Atmosfera e del Clima (ISAC), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR), Dipartimento di Fisica, ICT Institute of Politecnico di Milano, Institute of Nuclear Technology & Radiation Protection, Rhenish Institute for Environmental Research (RIU), University of Cologne, Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), University of Rochester Medical Center, Universita degli studi di Napoli 'Parthenope' [Napoli], INTA - Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, CEA-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire (CEA-DEN), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Environmental Research Laboratory, National Centre for Scientific Research Demokritos, Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Physics, Universita degli Studi di Milano & National Institute of Nuclear Physics, Belis C.A., Pernigotti D., Pirovano G., Favez O., Jaffrezo J.L., Kuenen J., Denier van Der Gon H., Reizer M., Riffault V., Alleman L.Y., Almeida M., Amato F., Angyal A., Argyropoulos G., Bande S., Beslic I., Besombes J.-L., Bove M.C., Brotto P., Calori G., Cesari D., Colombi C., Contini D., De Gennaro G., Di Gilio A., Diapouli E., El Haddad I., Elbern H., Eleftheriadis K., Ferreira J., Vivanco M.G., Gilardoni S., Golly B., Hellebust S., Hopke P.K., Izadmanesh Y., Jorquera H., Krajsek K., Kranenburg R., Lazzeri P., Lenartz F., Lucarelli F., Maciejewska K., Manders A., Manousakas M., Masiol M., Mircea M., Mooibroek D., Nava S., Oliveira D., Paglione M., Pandolfi M., Perrone M., Petralia E., Pietrodangelo A., Pillon S., Pokorna P., Prati P., Salameh D., Samara C., Samek L., Saraga D., Sauvage S., Schaap M., Scotto F., Sega K., Siour G., Tauler R., Valli G., Vecchi R., Venturini E., Vestenius M., Waked A., and Yubero E.

Subjects
Atmospheric Science, Source apportionment, PM, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Mean squared error, High variability, Chemical transport, Urbanisation, lcsh:QC851-999, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Chemical transport model, models, Lens, Receptor models, PM10, lcsh:Environmental pollution, [CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, Apportionment, Consistency (statistics), Chemical transport models, Intercomparison, 10, Statistics, Range (statistics), Source apportionment, PM10, Receptor models, Chemical transport models, Intercomparison, Lens, Air quality index, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Settore CHIM/12 - Chimica dell'Ambiente e dei Beni Culturali, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Comparability, Len, Settore GEO/08 - Geochimica e Vulcanologia, 13. Climate action, lcsh:TD172-193.5, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Air quality, Environmental science, Receptor model, lcsh:Meteorology. Climatology, Performance indicator, Environment & Sustainability
Abstract

In this study, the performance of two types of source apportionment models was evaluated by assessing the results provided by 40 different groups in the framework of an intercomparison organised by FAIRMODE WG3 (Forum for air quality modelling in Europe, Working Group 3). The evaluation was based on two performance indicators: z-scores and the root mean square error weighted by the reference uncertainty (RMSEu), with pre-established acceptability criteria. By involving models based on completely different and independent input data, such as receptor models (RMs) and chemical transport models (CTMs), the intercomparison provided a unique opportunity for their cross-validation. In addition, comparing the CTM chemical profiles with those measured directly at the source contributed to corroborate the consistency of the tested model results. The most commonly used RM was the US EPA- PMF version 5. RMs showed very good performance for the overall dataset (91% of z-scores accepted) while more difficulties were observed with the source contribution time series (72% of RMSEu accepted). Industrial activities proved to be the most difficult sources to be quantified by RMs, with high variability in the estimated contributions. In the CTMs, the sum of computed source contributions was lower than the measured gravimetric PM10 mass concentrations. The performance tests pointed out the differences between the two CTM approaches used for source apportionment in this study: brute force (or emission reduction impact) and tagged species methods. The sources meeting the z-score and RMSEu acceptability criteria tests were 50% and 86%, respectively. The CTM source contributions to PM10 were in the majority of cases lower than the RM averages for the corresponding source. The CTMs and RMs source contributions for the overall dataset were more comparable (83% of the z-scores accepted) than their time series (successful RMSEu in the range 25% - 34%). The comparability between CTMs and RMs varied depending on the source: traffic/exhaust and industry were the source categories with the best results in the RMSEu tests while the most critical ones were soil dust and road dust. The differences between RMs and CTMs source reconstructions confirmed the importance of cross validating the results of these two families of models. © 2019 The Authors, The authors warmly thank J. Vercauteren (VMM) for providing the CHEMKAR dataset. The CARA program was funded by the French Ministry of environment . IMT Lille Douai participates in the CaPPA project funded by the ANR through the PIA under contract ANR-11-LABX-0005-01 , the “Hauts de France” Regional Council and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF). The C2TN/IST author gratefully acknowledges the FCT support through the UID/Multi/04349/2013 project. J.L. Jaffrezo would like to thank F. Donnaz, F. Masson, and S. Ngo for the chemical analyses of the Lens samples performed at IGE (ECOC, ions, sugars). These were possible on the Air-O-Sol analytical platform supported by Labex OSUG@2020 (ANR10 LABX56). A. Angyal was supported by National Research, Development and Innovation Office – NKFIH , contract number PD 125086 . H. Jorquera acknowledges support from Grant CONICYT/FONDAP/15110020. P . Thunis commented on an early version of the manuscript.

Published
2020

30. Investigation of the geographical origins of PM10 based on long, medium and short-range air mass back-trajectories impacting Northern France during the period 2009–2013

Author

Sandra Vermeesch, Vincent Michoud, Antoine Waked, Esperanza Perdrix, Jean-Eudes Petit, Stéphane Sauvage, Véronique Riffault, Laurent Y. Alleman, Aude Bourin, Tiphaine Delaunay, Centre for Energy and Environment (CERI EE), Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Lille Douai (IMT Lille Douai), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), ATMO Hauts de France [Lille], Atmo Grand Est, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA (UMR_7583)), Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École des Mines de Douai (Mines Douai EMD), Département S.A.G.E (SAGE), Laboratoire d'écologie des hydrosystèmes (LEH), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie Nantes-Angers (CRCNA), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers (CHU Angers), PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM)-PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM)-Hôtel-Dieu de Nantes-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Hôpital Laennec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Faculté de Médecine d'Angers-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Planetary boundary layer, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, Field (geography), Altitude, Megacity, 13. Climate action, Range (statistics), Environmental science, Parametrization (atmospheric modeling), Physical geography, Emission inventory, Air mass, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science
Abstract

Trajectory-based statistical models (TMs) are widely used to locate source areas responsible for atmospheric pollution at receptor sites. In order to study the influence of long, medium and short-range back-trajectories (BTs) on geographical sources location, an original approach was applied to daily PM10 concentrations measured for 5 years (2009–2013) at 12 receptor sites in the Hauts-de-France (HdF) region bounded on the south by the Paris megacity and on the north by the Benelux countries. The methodology used was based on two complementary TMs, Concentration Field (CF) and Potential Source Contribution Function (PSCF), and included several meaningful constraints in order to improve the spatial representativeness and the statistical significance of the potential source maps. The selection of BTs depending on the occurrence of scavenging precipitations (>1 mm h−1) during the transport of air masses and altitude limitations with respect to the planetary boundary layer height led to more realistic maps. The variability of the density of BT endpoints was accounted for by a weighting function which highlighted medium-distant yet recurring (e.g. Benelux and West of Germany) potential sources of PM10. Investigating the effect of short-range BTs (75% of endpoints within a radius of 500 km from the receptor sites) pointed out at nearby large conurbations (Lille and Paris areas). Comparing our potential source maps with European PM10 emission inventory maps as well as PM10 measurements at European background monitoring stations for similar periods confirmed our results for Central Europe, the Benelux and the East of Germany. This study showed how the combination of several receptor sites enables the determination of potential source areas impacting a whole region. It pointed out also that the fine-tuned parametrization of the CF and PSCF TMs may considerably help improving the knowledge on geographical location of sources related to long, medium and short-range BTs and could be easily implemented for other regions of interest.

Published
2018

31. Alteration of lung defense mechanisms after acute and chronic exposure to urban coarse PM

Author

Philippe Gosset, Cécile Vignal, Gwenola Kervoaze, Esperenza Perdrix, Muriel Pichavant, Christophe Waxin, Laurent Y. Alleman, Corinne Gower-Rousseau, Madjid Djouina, Mathilde Body-Malapel, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Université Lille 2-Faculté des Sciences du Sport et de l'Education Physique, Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Lille Douai (IMT Lille Douai), and Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)

Subjects
Lung, Inhalation, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Inflammation, Flow cytometry, medicine.anatomical_structure, Immune system, Immunology, medicine, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], Respiratory system, medicine.symptom, business, Homeostasis, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, SLPI
Abstract

Background: Ambient particulate matter (PM) exposure has been shown to increase the risks of respiratory diseases and to contribute to the substantial worldwide burden of respiratory infections. However, the immune response to inhaled PM remains largely unexplored. Aim: We studied the effects of urban coarse PM on the pulmonary immunologic homeostasis. Methods: Male mice were exposed to urban coarse PM in a ventilated inhalation chamber for 3 and 15 days at a concentration relevant to episodic elevation peak of air pollution. Then the characteristics of PM-induced inflammation were assessed by flow cytometry and real-time PCR. Results: Acute and chronic exposures to urban coarse PM led to different immune patterns in the lung compartment. The acute phase was associated to the recruitment of neutrophils and activated alveolar macrophages. The chronic phase was characterized by the influx of activated conventional T cells whereas invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells were recruited during both phases. Moreover, genes involved in anti-microbial responses, such as Reg3g, Lcn-2, Lyz and Slpi were downregulated in the lungs after acute PM exposure, whereas they were going back to baseline or slightly increased after chronic exposure. Independently of the time course, exposure to PM, leads to a decrease in IL-1b expression. Conclusion: This study provided a characterization of immunologic profiles in lungs following acute and chronic exposure to a realistic dose of PM. It suggested new mechanistic insights which should be further explored, especially the involvement of iNKT cells in pulmonary response to PM inhalation and the effects of PM exposure on the susceptibility to pulmonary infections.

Published
2018

32. Mitochondrion: a critical target for the toxicity of air pollution-derived PM2.5 in healthy and COPD human bronchial epithelial cells

Author

Jules Sotty, Bérénice Leclercq, Sébastien Anthérieu, Jerome Kluza, Jean-Marc Lo Guidice, Patrice Coddeville, Guillaume Garçon, Philippe Marchetti, Laurent Y. Alleman, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Université de Lille, Inria, CNRS, Centrale Lille, UMR 9189, Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Lille Douai (IMT Lille Douai), and Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)

Subjects
Mitochondrial ROS, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, business.industry, Cell, Oxidative phosphorylation, 010501 environmental sciences, Pharmacology, Mitochondrion, 01 natural sciences, medicine.anatomical_structure, Apoptosis, Toxicity, medicine, Cytokine secretion, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], business, Homeostasis, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

Background: Air pollution-derived particulate matter (PM) is considered as one of the major environmental risk to health worldwide. Despite intensive research effort, the mechanisms underlying PM2.5 toxicity remain unclear. Objectives: To better clarify whether the mitochondrial dysfunction is related to the cell homeostasis disruption by PM2.5 exposure. Methods: Oxidative, inflammatory, apoptotic and mitochondrial endpoints were studied in BEAS-2B, normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) and COPD-diseased human bronchial epithelial (DHBE) cells acutely or repeatedly exposed to PM2.5 (2 and 10 µg/cm²). Results: The mitochondrial morphology was altered in the cells repeatedly exposed to the highest dose of PM2.5. Dose- and exposure-dependent oxidative damages were seen in PM2.5-exposed cells, notably COPD-DHBE. NRF2 gene expression and binding activity, and the mRNA levels of its target genes, were related to the exposure number for the lowest dose, but not related for the highest dose. There were dose- and exposure-dependent increases of NF-kB binding activity and target cytokine secretion in PM2.5-exposed cells, and notably COPD-DHBE. Mitochondrial ROS production, membrane potential depolarization, oxidative phosphorylation, and ATP production were modified in these cells, notably COPD-DHBE, repeatedly exposed to the highest dose. Conclusions: The repeated exposure to BEAS-2B, NHBE and in particular sensible COPD-DHBE cells caused an oxidative boost able to partially inactivate the NRF2 signaling pathway and to critically impair mitochondrial redox homeostasis, thereby producing a persistent mitochondrial dysfunction and a lowering cell energy supply.

Published
2018

33. Speciation of organic fraction does matter for source apportionment. Part 1: A one-year campaign in Grenoble (France)

Author

Eric Villenave, Deepchandra Srivastava, Alexandre Albinet, Emilie Perraudin, Jean-Luc Besombes, Laurent Y. Alleman, Véronique Jacob, Grazia Maria Lanzafame, Benjamin Golly, Sophie Tomaz, Olivier Favez, Jean-Luc Jaffrezo, Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire et Environnement (LCME), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Département Sciences de l'Atmosphère et Génie de l'Environnement (SAGE), École des Mines de Douai (Mines Douai EMD), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement (IGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Laboratoire de Physico -& Toxico Chimie des systèmes naturels (LPTC), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre for Energy and Environment (CERI EE - IMT Nord Europe), Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Lille Douai (IMT Nord Europe), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Centre for Energy and Environment (CERI EE), and Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Lille Douai (IMT Lille Douai)

Subjects
Pollution, Environmental Engineering, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, media_common.quotation_subject, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, MOLECULAR MARKERS, 010501 environmental sciences, Mineral dust, 01 natural sciences, GEOF, chemistry.chemical_compound, 11. Sustainability, Environmental Chemistry, SOA, Waste Management and Disposal, Isoprene, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, media_common, Pollutant, Total organic carbon, Primary (chemistry), AEROSOL, HULIS, Aerosol, Speciation, chemistry, SOURCE APPORTIONMENT, 13. Climate action, Environmental chemistry, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, PRIMARY BIOGENIC ORGANICS
Abstract

International audience; PM10 source apportionment was performed by positive matrix factorization (PMF) using specific primary and secondary organic molecular markers on samples collected over a one year period (2013) at an urban station in Grenoble (France). The results provided a 9-factor optimum solution, including sources rarely apportioned in the literature, such as two types of primary biogenic organic aerosols (fungal spores and plant debris), as well as specific biogenic and anthropogenic secondary organic aerosols (SOA). These sources were identified thanks to the use of key organic markers, namely, polyols, odd number higher alkanes, and several SOA markers related to the oxidation of isoprene, α-pinene, toluene and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Primary and secondary biogenic contributions together accounted for at least 68% of the total organic carbon (OC) in the summer, while anthropogenic primary and secondary sources represented at least 71% of OC during wintertime. A very significant contribution of anthropogenic SOA was estimated in the winter during an intense PM pollution event (PM10 > 50 μg m− 3 for several days; 18% of PM10 and 42% of OC). Specific meteorological conditions with a stagnation of pollutants over 10 days and possibly Fenton-like chemistry and self-amplification cycle of SOA formation could explain such high anthropogenic SOA concentrations during this period. Finally, PMF outputs were also used to investigate the origins of humic-like substances (HuLiS), which represented 16% of OC on an annual average basis. The results indicated that HuLiS were mainly associated with biomass burning (22%), secondary inorganic (22%), mineral dust (15%) and biogenic SOA (14%) factors. This study is probably the first to state that HuLiS are significantly associated with mineral dust.

Published
2018

34. Water Interaction with Mineral Dust Aerosol: Particle Size and Hygroscopic Properties of Dust

Author

Sara Ibrahim, Giasemi K. Angeli, Frederic Thevenet, Mohamad N. Zeineddine, Pantelis N. Trikalitis, Manolis N. Romanias, Laurent Y. Alleman, Institut de Combustion, Aérothermique, Réactivité et Environnement (ICARE), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut des Sciences de l'Ingénierie et des Systèmes (INSIS), Département S.A.G.E (SAGE), École des Mines de Douai (Mines Douai EMD), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Université de Lille, Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Lille Douai (IMT Lille Douai), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Department of Chemistry [Heraklion], and University of Crete [Heraklion] (UOC)

Subjects
Atmospheric Science, Range (particle radiation), Materials science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Analytical chemistry, Sorption, 010501 environmental sciences, Mineral dust, 01 natural sciences, Aerosol, [CHIM.THEO]Chemical Sciences/Theoretical and/or physical chemistry, Adsorption, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Geochemistry and Petrology, Particle-size distribution, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Relative humidity, Particle size, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

For many years, the interaction between dust particles and water molecules has been a subject of interest for the atmospheric sciences community. However, the influence of the particle size on the hygroscopicity of mineral particles is poorly evaluated. In the current study, diffused reflectance infrared Fourier transform (DRIFT) spectroscopy is used to evaluate the in situ water adsorption on natural Arizona test dust (ATD) particles. Five different ATD size fractions, 0–3, 5–10, 10–20, 20–40, and 40–80 μm, are used, corresponding to the entire range of uplifted mineral particles in the atmosphere (

Published
2018

35. Bioaccessibility of trace elements in fine and ultrafine atmospheric particles in an industrial environment

Author

Laurent Y. Alleman, Saliou Mbengue, Pascal Flament, Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie de l'Atmosphère (LPCA), Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre for Energy and Environment (CERI EE), Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Lille Douai (IMT Lille Douai), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), NORSYS (NORSYS), and NORSYS

Subjects
Environmental Engineering, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Biological Availability, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Geochemistry and Petrology, Specific surface area, 11. Sustainability, Ultrafine particle, Environmental Chemistry, Particle Size, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science, Water Science and Technology, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Air Pollutants, Inhalation Exposure, Chemistry, Metallurgy, Extraction (chemistry), Trace element, General Medicine, Particulates, Pulmonary Alveoli, Metals, 13. Climate action, Environmental chemistry, Smelting, Particle, Particulate Matter, France, Particle size, Environmental Monitoring
Abstract

The lung bioaccessibility, i.e., the solubility in alveolar lung fluid of metals in particulate matter, has been recognized as an important parameter for health risk assessment, associated with the inhalation of airborne particles. The purpose of this study is to use an in vitro method to estimate the pulmonary bioaccessibility of toxic metals in different particle sizes, from a multi-influenced industrial emission area. The fine and ultrafine particles collected with cascade impactors in the chimneys and at different distances from a Fe-Mn smelter were extracted with a simulated alveolar fluid (Gamble solution). In addition, a four-step sequential extraction procedure was employed to approach the metal speciation. The bioaccessibility of metals ranged from almost insoluble for Fe (1%) to extremely soluble for Rb (80%). In terms of particle size, the trace element bioaccessibility is generally higher for the finer size fractions (submicron and ultrafine particles) than for the coarse one (1 µm). These submicron particles have a very high number concentration and specific surface area, which confer them an important contact surface with the alveolar fluid, i.e., a higher bioaccessibility. Interestingly, the bioaccessibility of most metals clearly increases between the chimney stacks and the close environment of the studied Fe-Mn smelter, over a very short distance (800 m), possibly due to a mix with surrounding steelworks emissions. This increase is not observed over a greater distance from the smelter (2000 m), when industrial particles were mixed with urban aerosols, except for Fe, under more soluble forms in combustion particles.

Published
2015

36. Fine and Ultrafine Particles in the Vicinity of Industrial Activities: A Review

Author

Patrick Augustin, Pascal Flament, Saliou Mbengue, Hélène Marris, Jovanna Arndt, Véronique Riffault, Hervé Delbarre, Karine Deboudt, John C. Wenger, Ari Setyan, Laurent Y. Alleman, Centre for Energy and Environment (CERI EE), Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Lille Douai (IMT Lille Douai), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Environmental Research Institute [Cork] (ERI), University College Cork (UCC), Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie de l'Atmosphère (LPCA), Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, NORSYS (NORSYS), NORSYS, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO), and Ohio State University [Columbus] (OSU)

Subjects
[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Pollutant, Environmental Engineering, Chemistry, Environmental engineering, Sampling (statistics), Atmospheric sciences, Pollution, 13. Climate action, Ultrafine particle, Spatial variability, Waste Management and Disposal, Chemical composition, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Water Science and Technology
Abstract

This review synthesizes the existing knowledge on the characteristics of PM2.5 at sites under the direct influence of industrial emissions, with a specific focus on their morphology, size distributions and chemical composition. Results from online and off-line analytical techniques indicate a high temporal and spatial variability of mass size distribution and chemical composition depending on the type of industrial processes, the sampling distances and frequencies, and the meteorological conditions. Tracers of specific activities have been identified in a number of studies and may help to provide estimates of the relative contribution of pollutant sources from heavily industrialized areas.

Published
2015

37. Indoor particle dynamics in schools: Determination of air exchange rate, size-resolved particle deposition rate and penetration factor in real-life conditions

Author

Dinh Trinh Tran, Patrice Coddeville, Laurent Y. Alleman, Jean-Claude Galloo, Laboratoire de génie des procédés - environnement - agroalimentaire (GEPEA), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Polytechnique de l'Université de Nantes (EPUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie - Nantes (IUT Nantes), Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie Saint-Nazaire (IUT Saint-Nazaire), Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie - La Roche-sur-Yon (IUT La Roche-sur-Yon), Université de Nantes (UN)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL), Centre for Energy and Environment (CERI EE), Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Lille Douai (IMT Lille Douai), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), École des Mines de Douai (Mines Douai EMD), and Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)

Subjects
Penetration factor, Chemistry, Particle dynamics, Particle penetration, Air exchange, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Environmental engineering, In real life, Mechanics, Particle density, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Particle deposition
Abstract

Indoor and outdoor airborne particles, CO, CO2 levels and comfort parameters were monitored at two naturally ventilated elementary schools (S1 and S2). This paper studies the variation of ventilation rate during lectures, recreations, lunchtime and after class. Additionally, mass balance equations were used to estimate the particle deposition rates and penetration factors for different particle size fractions. The originality of the present work resides in taking advantage of occupants’ activities as sources of indoor particles and tracer gas CO2 used to simultaneously estimate the above-mentioned parameters in different scenarios. This simple approach makes the determination of indoor particle dynamics more effective, and allows reducing the cost of indoor air quality studies. During the class, the ventilation rates at S1 and S2 fluctuated largely from day to day, with respective average values of 10.08 m3/h/p and 7.92 m3/h/p, significantly lower than the ASHRAE acceptable value (18 m3/h/p) in classrooms. The particle deposition loss rate coefficients for 0.3–10 µm particles dramatically increased from 0.16–0.18 h−1 for the 0.3–0.5 µm fraction to 1.81–2.31 h−1 for the 7.5–10 µm fraction, while their corresponding penetration factors declined from 0.94 to 0.30, respectively. The difference in deposition rate between schools was probably associated to discrepancies in particle density.

Published
2017

38. Genetic and epigenetic alterations in normal and sensitive COPD-diseased human bronchial epithelial cells repeatedly exposed to air pollution-derived PM 2.5

Author

Bérénice Leclercq, Brice M.R. Appenzeller, Fabrice Nesslany, Véronique Riffault, M. Happillon, Laurent Y. Alleman, Esperanza Perdrix, Jean-Marc Lo-Guidice, Emilie M. Hardy, Guillaume Garçon, Sébastien Anthérieu, Anne Platel, Nathalie Grova, Patrice Coddeville, Impact de l'environnement chimique sur la santé humaine (IMPECS), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)-Université de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Département S.A.G.E (SAGE), École des Mines de Douai (Mines Douai EMD), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), This work benefited from grants from the ITMO Cancer (i.e., Plan Cancer, 2009–2013, Contract n°ENV201210), the University of Lille, and IMT Lille Douai. BL's PhD is supported by the Région Nord-Pas de Calais and IMT Lille Douai (Contract n°13005131)., The authors would also like to convey their sincere thanks to the Lille University of Health and Law which gave us the opportunity to easily access to the sampling site and skillfully helped us in the setting up of the sampling materials needed to collect air pollution-derived fine particles. They gratefully acknowledge B. MALET for his helpful technical support in the sampling of air pollution-derived particles and in the analyses of metals. They also sincerely thank Dr A. HACHIMI and Dr P-E. LAFARGUE, from MicroPolluants Technologie S.A. (Saint Julien Les Metz, France), for their highly skillful assistance in the analyses of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and furans, and dioxin-like and marker polychlorinated biphenyls., Impact de l'environnement chimique sur la santé humaine - ULR 4483 (IMPECS), Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), Centre for Energy and Environment (CERI EE), Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Lille Douai (IMT Lille Douai), Centre for Energy and Environment (CERI EE - IMT Nord Europe), and Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Lille Douai (IMT Nord Europe)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Telomerase, MESH: Hypersensitivity, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Cell, MESH: Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/genetics, 010501 environmental sciences, Biology, Toxicology, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, Histone H3, MESH: Epithelial Cells/drug effects, Sensitivity, medicine, Epigenetics, MESH: Particulate Matter/toxicity, MESH: Epigenesis, Genetic, MESH: Toxicity Tests, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Genetics, Healthy and COPD phenotypes, MESH: Humans, MESH: Air Pollutants/analysis, General Medicine, MESH: Air Pollutants/toxicity, MESH: Particulate Matter/analysis, MESH: Air Pollution/analysis, Pollution, 3. Good health, Telomere, MESH: Cell Line, 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Cell culture, Genetic and epigenetic hallmarks, [SDV.TOX]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Toxicology, Cancer research, H3K4me3, Air pollution-derived PM(2.5), Human bronchial epithelial cells, DNA hypomethylation
Abstract

International audience; Even though clinical, epidemiological and toxicological studies have progressively provided a better knowledge of the underlying mechanisms by which air pollution-derived particulate matter (PM) exerts its harmful health effects, further in vitro studies on relevant cell systems are still needed. Hence, aiming of getting closer to the human in vivo conditions, primary human bronchial epithelial cells derived from normal subjects (NHBE) or sensitive chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)-diseased patients (DHBE) were differentiated at the air-liquid interface. Thereafter, they were repeatedly exposed to air pollution-derived PM2.5 to study the occurrence of some relevant genetic and/or epigenetic endpoints. Concentration-, exposure- and season-dependent increases of OH-B[a]P metabolites in NHBE, and to a lesser extent, COPD-DHBE cells were reported; however, there were more tetra-OH-B[a]P and 8-OHdG DNA adducts in COPD-DHBE cells. No increase in primary DNA strand break nor chromosomal aberration was observed in repeatedly exposed cells. Telomere length and telomerase activity were modified in a concentration- and exposure-dependent manner in NHBE and particularly COPD-DHBE cells. There were a global DNA hypomethylation, a P16 gene promoter hypermethylation, and a decreasing DNA methyltransferase activity in NHBE and notably COPD-DHBE cells repeatedly exposed. Changes in site-specific methylation, acetylation, and phosphorylation of histone H3 (i.e., H3K4me3, H3K9ac, H3K27ac, and H3S10ph) and related enzyme activities occurred in a concentration- and exposure-dependent manner in all the repeatedly exposed cells. Collectively, these results highlighted the key role played by genetic and even epigenetic events in NHBE and particularly sensitive COPD-DHBE cells repeatedly exposed to air pollution-derived PM2.5 and their different responsiveness. While these specific epigenetic changes have been already described in COPD and even lung cancer phenotypes, our findings supported that, together with genetic events, these epigenetic events could dramatically contribute to the shift from healthy to diseased phenotypes following repeated exposure to relatively low doses of air pollution-derived PM2.5.

Published
2017

39. Effect of ultrafine atmospheric particles on the respiratory system in mice

Author

Esperanza Perdrix, Yara Saleh, Pierre Dubot, Guillaume Garçon, Sébastien Anthérieu, L. Canivet, Jules Sotty, Anne Platel, Fabrice Nesslany, Laurent Y. Alleman, Jean-Marc Lo-Guidice, Institut de Chimie et des Matériaux Paris-Est (ICMPE), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)

Subjects
Chemistry, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Biophysics, General Medicine, Respiratory system, Toxicology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2017

40. Metal-bearing fine particle sources in a coastal industrialized environment

Author

Pascal Flament, Laurent Y. Alleman, Saliou Mbengue, Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie de l'Atmosphère (LPCA), Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre for Energy and Environment (CERI EE), Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Lille Douai (IMT Lille Douai), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), NORSYS (NORSYS), and NORSYS

Subjects
[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Atmospheric pressure, Coal combustion products, Oil processing, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Metal, Mining engineering, 13. Climate action, visual_art, Environmental chemistry, visual_art.visual_art_medium, Environmental science, Particle, Multiple linear regression analysis, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Refining (metallurgy), Open air
Abstract

Fine ( − 3 ) and the WHO recommendation for PM 2.5 (10 μg m − 3 ) were regularly exceeded during this campaign. Submicron particles (PM 1 ) account for 55 to 70% of PM 2.5 mass concentrations . A bi-modal size distribution, centered on 0.4 and 2.0 μm, suggests two types of emissions: high temperature processes that liberate primary or secondary submicron particles and mechanical procedures in open air, or local traffic, which lead to the emission of coarser particles (> 1 μm). The trace elements As, Cd, Ni, Pb, Sb, V and Zn, characteristics of the local industrial activities display 60% to 85% of their mass in the submicron and ultrafine fractions and appear highly enriched, by reference to the crustal source. High atmospheric pressure periods, corresponding to northeasterly winds, induce the highest contributions of metalworking emissions and the highest PM 2.5 concentrations (32.5 ± 11.9 μg·m − 3 ). A Principal Component Analysis of the dataset produces 7 factors associated to metallurgy-, steelworks-, oil processing-, coal combustion-, neighboring traffic-, dust resuspension- and sea salt-sources, that explain the obtained concentrations. A Multiple Linear Regression Analysis confirms that Fe-Mn alloy refining, iron- and steel-making are the main sources (> 40%) controlling metal concentrations in PM 2.5 . Less predictably, resuspended dust and fresh/aged sea salts are also significant contributors (≈ 20%). Considering the related health hazards, authorities should pay more attention to the exposure of people living in this area and the possible impact of fine particles in terms of public health.

Published
2017

41. Effects of urban coarse particles inhalation on oxidative and inflammatory parameters in the mouse lung and colon

Author

Laurent Y. Alleman, Adil Ouali Alami, Corinne Gower-Rousseau, Madjid Djouina, Pierre Desreumaux, Mathilde Body-Malapel, Esperanza Perdrix, Cécile Vignal, Muriel Pichavant, Florian Dingreville, Christophe Waxin, Body-Malapel, Mathilde, Lille Inflammation Research International Center - U 995 (LIRIC), Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille - INSERM U 1019 - UMR 9017 - UMR 8204 (CIIL), Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département Sciences de l'Atmosphère et Génie de l'Environnement, École des Mines de Douai (Mines Douai EMD), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Service de Gastroenterologie [CHRU Lille], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), This work was supported by the Hauts-de-France Region and the Ministère de l’Enseignement Supérieur et de la Recherche (CPER Climibio), the European Fund for Regional Economic Development, and Digestscience (European Research Foundation on Intestinal Diseases and Nutrition)., The authors thank Bruno Mallet., Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille-Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)-Université de Lille-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Pasteur de Lille, Inserm, Université de Lille, CHU Lille, Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille (CIIL) - U1019 - UMR 8204, Lille Inflammation Research International Center - U 995 [LIRIC], and Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille - INSERM U 1019 - UMR 9017 - UMR 8204 [CIIL]

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Male, Coarse PM, MESH: Air Pollutants, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, medicine.medical_treatment, MESH: Solvents, 010501 environmental sciences, Toxicology, medicine.disease_cause, 01 natural sciences, [SDV.MHEP.PSR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Pulmonology and respiratory tract, Antioxidants, 11. Sustainability, Gut-lung axis, N-acetyl-L-cysteine, MESH: Animals, [SDV.IMM.ALL]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Allergology, Lung, Air Pollutants, Inhalation Exposure, MESH: Cytokines, MESH: Oxidative Stress, Inhalation, Mesh:Air Pollutants/toxicity, Mesh:Solubility, Mesh:Inflammation Mediators/immunology, Mesh:Mice, Mesh:Inbred C57BL, Mesh:Colon/immunology, Mesh:Colon/metabolism, Mesh:Acetylcysteine/pharmacology, Mesh:Animals, Mesh:Cytokines/metabolism, Mesh:Oxidative Stress/drug effects, Mesh:Colon/drug effects, Mesh:Water/chemistry, Mesh:Lung/drug effects, Mesh:Lung/metabolism, Mesh:Cytokines/immunology, Mesh:Air Pollutants/chemistry, Mesh:Antioxidants/pharmacology, Mesh:Male, Mesh:Inflammation Mediators/metabolism, Mesh:Particulate Matter/chemistry, Mesh:Inhalation Exposure/adverse effects, Mesh:Lung/immunology, Mesh:Particulate Matter/toxicity, Mesh:Particle Size, Mesh:Solvents/chemistry, Inflammation, Particulate matter, Oxidative stress, General Medicine, 3. Good health, medicine.anatomical_structure, Cytokine, MESH: Particulate Matter, Bronchitis, Cytokines, MESH: Inhalation Exposure, medicine.symptom, Inflammation Mediators, [SDV.IMM.ALL] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Allergology, Colon, MESH: Inflammation Mediators, lcsh:Industrial hygiene. Industrial welfare, 03 medical and health sciences, Immune system, MESH: Acetylcysteine, lcsh:RA1190-1270, MESH: Mice, Inbred C57BL, medicine, MESH: Water, Animals, [SDV.EE.SANT] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health, MESH: Lung, MESH: Particle Size, Particle Size, MESH: Colon, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Asthma, lcsh:Toxicology. Poisons, [SDV.EE.SANT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health, business.industry, Research, MESH: Antioxidants, Water, [SDV.MHEP.HEG]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Hépatology and Gastroenterology, medicine.disease, [SDV.MHEP.HEG] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Hépatology and Gastroenterology, MESH: Male, Acetylcysteine, Mice, Inbred C57BL, MESH: Solubility, 030104 developmental biology, Solubility, 13. Climate action, Immunology, Solvents, [SDV.MHEP.PSR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Pulmonology and respiratory tract, business, lcsh:HD7260-7780.8
Abstract

Background Air pollution is a recognized aggravating factor for pulmonary diseases and has notably deleterious effects on asthma, bronchitis and pneumonia. Recent studies suggest that air pollution may also cause adverse effects in the gastrointestinal tract. Accumulating experimental evidence shows that immune responses in the pulmonary and intestinal mucosae are closely interrelated, and that gut-lung crosstalk controls pathophysiological processes such as responses to cigarette smoke and influenza virus infection. Our first aim was to collect urban coarse particulate matter (PM) and to characterize them for elemental content, gastric bioaccessibility, and oxidative potential; our second aim was to determine the short-term effects of urban coarse PM inhalation on pulmonary and colonic mucosae in mice, and to test the hypothesis that the well-known antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) reverses the effects of PM inhalation. Results The collected PM had classical features of urban particles and possessed oxidative potential partly attributable to their metal fraction. Bioaccessibility study confirmed the high solubility of some metals at the gastric level. Male mice were exposed to urban coarse PM in a ventilated inhalation chamber for 15 days at a concentration relevant to episodic elevation peak of air pollution. Coarse PM inhalation induced systemic oxidative stress, recruited immune cells to the lung, and increased cytokine levels in the lung and colon. Concomitant oral administration of NAC reversed all the observed effects relative to the inhalation of coarse PM. Conclusions Coarse PM-induced low-grade inflammation in the lung and colon is mediated by oxidative stress and deserves more investigation as potentiating factor for inflammatory diseases. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12989-017-0227-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Published
2017

42. Source apportionment of PM10 in a north-western Europe regional urban background site (Lens, France) using positive matrix factorization and including primary biogenic emissions

Author

Benjamin Golly, Laurent Y. Alleman, E. Verlinden, E. Leoz-Garziandia, Christine Piot, Olivier Favez, A. Waked, Jean-Luc Besombes, Jean-Eudes Petit, T. Delaunay, and J.-L. Jaffrezo

Subjects
Total organic carbon, Atmospheric Science, Lens (hydrology), Mineral dust, Particulates, 7. Clean energy, Aerosol, chemistry.chemical_compound, Nitrate, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Environmental chemistry, HYSPLIT, Sulfate
Abstract

In this work, the source of ambient particulate matter (PM10) collected over a one-year period at an urban background site in Lens (France) was determined and investigated using a positive matrix factorization receptor model (US EPA PMF v3.0). In addition, a potential source contribution function (PSCF) was performed by means of the Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (Hysplit) v4.9 model to assess prevailing geographical origins of the identified sources. A selective iteration process was followed for the qualification of the more robust and meaningful PMF solution. Components measured and used in the PMF included inorganic and organic species: soluble ionic species, trace elements, elemental carbon (EC), sugar alcohols, sugar anhydride, and organic carbon (OC). The mean PM10 concentration measured from March 2011 to March 2012 was about 21 μg m−3 with typically OM, nitrate and sulfate contributing to most of the mass and accounting respectively for 5.8, 4.5 and 2.3 μg m−3 on a yearly basis. Accordingly, PMF outputs showed that the main emission sources were (in decreasing order of contribution) secondary inorganic aerosols (28% of the total PM10 mass), aged marine emissions (19%), with probably predominant contribution of shipping activities, biomass burning (13%), mineral dust (13%), primary biogenic emissions (9%), fresh sea salts (8%), primary traffic emissions (6%) and heavy oil combustion (4%). Significant temporal variations were observed for most of the identified sources. In particular, biomass burning emissions were negligible in summer but responsible for about 25% of total PM10 and 50% of total OC in wintertime. Conversely, primary biogenic emissions were found to be negligible in winter but to represent about 20% of total PM10 and 40% of total OC in summer. The latter result calls for more investigations of primary biogenic aerosols using source apportionment studies, which quite usually disregard this type of source. This study further underlines the major influence of secondary processes during daily threshold exceedances. Finally, apparent discrepancies that could be generally observed between filter-based studies (such as the present one) and aerosol mass spectrometer-based PMF analyses (organic fractions) are also discussed.

Published
2014

43. Size-distributed metallic elements in submicronic and ultrafine atmospheric particles from urban and industrial areas in northern France

Author

Laurent Y. Alleman, Saliou Mbengue, Pascal Flament, Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie de l'Atmosphère (LPCA), Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre for Energy and Environment (CERI EE), Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Lille Douai (IMT Lille Douai), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), NORSYS (NORSYS), and NORSYS

Subjects
[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Atmospheric Science, Coal combustion products, Particulates, 7. Clean energy, Metal, 13. Climate action, visual_art, Environmental chemistry, 11. Sustainability, Smelting, Soil water, visual_art.visual_art_medium, media_common.cataloged_instance, Particle, Environmental science, Mass concentration (chemistry), European union, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, media_common
Abstract

To determine the size distribution of potentially toxic trace metals (TM) in atmospheric particulate matter (PM), sampling experiments were performed in the urban–industrial area of Dunkirk (North of France) during winter 2012. Total mass concentrations are in accordance with typical values obtained at European urban background sites but lower than the concentrations reported for some Asian industrial countries. Considering the local wind directions, mass concentrations are higher downwind of urban influences than downwind of industrial emissions. The mean PM 10 mass concentration (25–30 μg/m 3 ) is less than the European Union and US EPA limit values (40–50 μg/m 3 ) but greater than the WHO guidelines (20 μg/m 3 ). The calculated TM crustal enrichment factors (EF Crust ) suggest the anthropogenic origins of most of the studied TM (Sb, Cd, As, Mo, Pb, Zn, Cu, Ni, Cr, Mn and V). The highest TM concentrations were obtained for Zn and Mn (> 50 ng/m 3 ) under industrial influence, but the finest particle ( 0.29 μm) downwind of industrial emissions. Moreover, mechanical operations associated with industrial processes (excavating, crushing, and sintering), as well as the resuspension of industrial soils, likely represent some significant TM source-terms in the supermicronic fraction. The EF Crust comparison between the two prevailing sectors demonstrates the importance of steelworks and smelting emissions in the abundance of some TM (As, Cd, Fe, Mn, Mo, Pb, Rb and Zn). In contrast, the Cr and Co concentrations seem to be more related to coal combustion emissions, Cu and Sb to automotive traffic, and V, La and Ni to petrochemical activities.

Published
2014

44. Toxicological effects of ambient fine (PM2.5-0.18) and ultrafine (PM0.18) particles in healthy and diseased 3D organo-typic mucocilary-phenotype models

Author

Esperanza Perdrix, Laurent Y. Alleman, Véronique Riffault, Guillaume Garçon, Y. Saleh, Jean-Marc Lo-Guidice, Pierre Dubot, L. Canivet, Jules Sotty, F.-O. Denayer, Impact de l'environnement chimique sur la santé humaine - ULR 4483 (IMPECS), Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), Centre for Energy and Environment (CERI EE), Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Lille Douai (IMT Lille Douai), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Institut de Chimie et des Matériaux Paris-Est (ICMPE), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Regional Council 'Hauts-de-France', French Ministry of Higher Education and Research, European Regional Development Funds (ERDF), CPER CLIMIBIO, ANR-11-LABX-0005,Cappa,Physiques et Chimie de l'Environnement Atmosphérique(2011), Génie Civil et Environnemental (GCE), École des Mines de Douai (Mines Douai EMD), Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre for Energy and Environment (CERI EE - IMT Nord Europe), and Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Lille Douai (IMT Nord Europe)

Subjects
[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Cell, Inflammation, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science, Chemistry, Phenotype, In vitro, respiratory tract diseases, 3. Good health, medicine.anatomical_structure, [SDV.TOX]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Toxicology, Immunology, Tumor necrosis factor alpha, Signal transduction, medicine.symptom, Biological regulation, VIPR1
Abstract

The knowledge of the underlying mechanisms by which particulate matter (PM) exerts its health effects is still incomplete since it may trigger various symptoms as some persons may be more susceptible than others. Detailed studies realized in more relevant in vitro models are highly needed. Healthy normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE), asthma-diseased human bronchial epithelial (DHBE), and COPD-DHBE cells, differentiated at the air-liquid interface, were acutely or repeatedly exposed to fine (i.e., PM2.5-0.18, also called FP) and quasi-ultrafine (i.e., PM0.18, also called UFP) particles. Immunofluorescence labelling of pan-cytokeratin, MUC5AC, and ZO-1 confirmed their specific cell-types. Baselines of the inflammatory mediators secreted by all the cells were quite similar. Slight changes of TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, GM-CSF, MCP-1, and/or TGFα, and of H3K9 histone acetylation supported a higher inflammatory response of asthma- and especially COPD-DHBE cells, after exposure to FP and especially UFP. At baseline, 35 differentially expressed genes (DEG) in asthma-DHBE, and 23 DEG in COPD-DHBE, compared to NHBE cells, were reported. They were involved in biological processes implicated in the development of asthma and COPD diseases, such as cellular process (e.g., PLA2G4C, NLRP1, S100A5, MUC1), biological regulation (e.g., CCNE1), developmental process (e.g., WNT10B), and cell component organization and synthesis (e.g., KRT34, COL6A1, COL6A2). In all the FP or UFP-exposed cell models, DEG were also functionally annotated to the chemical metabolic process (e.g., CYP1A1, CYP1B1, CYP1A2) and inflammatory response (e.g., EREG). Another DEG, FGF-1, was only down-regulated in asthma and specially COPD-DHBE cells repeatedly exposed. While RAB37 could help to counteract the down-regulation of FGF-1 in asthma-DHBE cells, the deregulation of FGR, WNT7B, VIPR1, and PPARGC1A could dramatically contribute to make it worse in COPD-DHBE cells. Taken together, these data contributed to support the highest effects of UFP versus FP and highest sensitivity of asthma- and notably COPD-DHBE versus NHBE cells.

Published
2019

45. Silicon Isotopic Fractionation in Lake Tanganyika and Its Main Tributaries

Author

Ishmaël Kimirei, Christine Cocquyt, Laurent Y. Alleman, Damien Cardinal, Jean-Pierre Descy, Pierre-Denis Plisnier, Luc André, Danny Sinyinza, Centre for Energy and Environment (CERI EE - IMT Nord Europe), Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Lille Douai (IMT Nord Europe), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Section of Mineralogy and Petrography, Royal Museum for Central Africa [Tervuren] (RMCA), Web Scale Trustworthy Collaborative Service Systems (COAST), Inria Nancy - Grand Est, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Department of Networks, Systems and Services (LORIA - NSS), Laboratoire Lorrain de Recherche en Informatique et ses Applications (LORIA), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire Lorrain de Recherche en Informatique et ses Applications (LORIA), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre for Energy and Environment (CERI EE), and Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Lille Douai (IMT Lille Douai)

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Fractionation, Aquatic Science, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Nutrient, Epilimnion, Tributary, 14. Life underwater, Transect, Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Hydrology, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Ecology, biology, biology.organism_classification, 6. Clean water, Diatom, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], 13. Climate action, Environmental chemistry, Surface water, Geology
Abstract

Silicon isotopic measurements in Lake Tanganyika were performed using multiple-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (MC-ICP-MS) in dry plasma condition. Isotopic signatures are reported for dissolved ortho-silicic acid [Si(OH)4] collected during a 1-year-long surface waters survey in the southern basin along with several of the major tributaries. Deep-water Si isotopic profiles from a north-south transect cruise conducted in July 2002 are also described. The nutrient-like shape dissolved Si profiles and the isotopic disequilibrium between surface (δ29Si = 0.87±0.08 ‰) and deep waters (0.61 ± 0.05 ‰) suggest the occurrence of biological isotopic discrimination induced by diatoms biomineralisation in a fresh water system. Short-term surface water Si isotopic and diatom biomass variations obtained during the 1-year bi-weekly monitoring (2002–2003) in the south confirms this biological effect. Five epilimnion biogenic opal samples also were analyzed. Their signature (δ29Si of 0.28 ± 0.12‰) compared to those of surrounding waters are consistent with the diatom isotopic fractionation effect measured on marine tropical diatoms. This demonstrates the species and temperature independent character of the silicon isotope fractionations by diatoms. River signatures present variable dissolved Si concentrations which were positively correlated to δ29Si values in the range of previously published world river data. Because of its fast response to climate variability, nutrient dynamics, and limnological changes, δ29Si in siliceous organisms should be very useful in studying environmental changes and particularly the recent decline of diatom Si utilization in Lake Tanganyika.

Published
2005

46. Erratum to 'Metal-bearing fine particle sources in a coastal industrialized environment'[Atmos. Res. 183 (2017) 202–211]

Author

Laurent Y. Alleman, Saliou Mbengue, and Pascal Flament

Subjects
Hydrology, Atmospheric Science, Bearing (mechanical), 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 010501 environmental sciences, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Metal, law, visual_art, visual_art.visual_art_medium, Environmental science, Particle, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Published
2017

47. Indoor–outdoor behavior and sources of size-resolved airborne particles in French classrooms

Author

Laurent Y. Alleman, Dinh Trinh Tran, Jean-Claude Galloo, Patrice Coddeville, Laboratoire de génie des procédés - environnement - agroalimentaire (GEPEA), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Polytechnique de l'Université de Nantes (EPUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie - Nantes (IUT Nantes), Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie Saint-Nazaire (IUT Saint-Nazaire), Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie - La Roche-sur-Yon (IUT La Roche-sur-Yon), Université de Nantes (UN)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL), Centre for Energy and Environment (CERI EE), Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Lille Douai (IMT Lille Douai), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), École des Mines de Douai (Mines Douai EMD), and Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)

Subjects
Potential impact, Environmental Engineering, Particle composition, 4. Education, Geography, Planning and Development, Environmental engineering, Time resolution, Building and Construction, Atmospheric sciences, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, 13. Climate action, Environmental science, Relative humidity, Indoor outdoor, Particle size, Cancer risk, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Civil and Structural Engineering, Continuous emission
Abstract

Indoor and outdoor airborne particles were monitored with a 5-s time resolution in three elementary schools presenting different site typologies (rural, urban, and industrial) in the North of France. We studied the influence of the children's activities, outdoor sources, temperature and relative humidity on particle mass concentrations and particle mass–size distribution, and estimated cancer risk regarding particle composition. The indoor weekly mean PM 10 mass concentrations during teaching hours varied from 70 to 99 μg m −3 , exceeding the French daily recommended value of 50 μg m −3 , implying a potential impact on the respiratory system. However, fine particles ( −3 applied to PM 2.5 . The results showed that children's activities impacted the suspended coarse fraction (2–10 μm) more strongly than the fine one ( 10 was extremely variable in association with occupant's activities in classrooms whereas the outdoor one seemed to be only lightly variable. During lessons, average concentrations of indoor PM 1 , PM 1–2 , PM 2–5 , and PM 5–10 increased respectively by factors of 2.9, 3.1, 8.7 and 33.8 compared to unoccupied periods. Indoor sources from continuous emission and occupant's activities may lead to lower density of indoor PM 10 compared to outdoor ones. The estimation of some potential carcinogen elements such as As, Cd, Cr, and Ni in indoor PM 2 showed low concentrations in the range of 0.11–1.71 ng m −3 . Consequently, the cancer risk of these elements was estimated to be not significant for long-term exposure to both children and teachers.

Published
2014

48. Clues for a standardised thermal-optical protocol for the assessment of organic and elemental carbon within ambient air particulate matter

Author

Jean-Luc Jaffrezo, Robin Aujay, Corinne Galy-Lacaux, Laurent Y. Alleman, Olivier Favez, Laura Chiappini, Catherine Liousse, S Verlhac, Willy Maenhaut, E Leoz, Jean Sciare, P. Panteliadis, J. P. Putaud, Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), CERCHAR, JRC Institute for Environment and Sustainability (IES), European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Ispra] (JRC), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de glaciologie et géophysique de l'environnement (LGGE), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'aérologie (LA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de Radiologie [Créteil], CHI Créteil, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute for Nuclear Sciences, Chimie Atmosphérique Expérimentale (CAE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'aérologie (LAERO), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Lille Douai (IMT Lille Douai), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Institut de recherches sur la catalyse et l'environnement de Lyon (IRCELYON), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)

Subjects
Atmospheric Science, EUROPE, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Meteorology, Optical correction, 010501 environmental sciences, ACE-ASIA, 01 natural sciences, AEROSOLS, Statistics, lcsh:TA170-171, TEMPERATURE, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Protocol (science), Chemistry, lcsh:TA715-787, Comparability, lcsh:Earthwork. Foundations, Particulates, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, Aerosol, Ambient air, lcsh:Environmental engineering, REFLECTANCE, Data quality, BIOMASS COMBUSTION, BLACK CARBON, TRANSMITTANCE, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Elemental carbon
Abstract

Along with some research networking programmes, the European Directive 2008/50/CE requires chemical speciation of fine aerosol (PM2.5), including elemental (EC) and organic carbon (OC), at a few rural sites in European countries. Meanwhile, the thermal-optical technique is considered by the European and US networking agencies and normalisation bodies as a reference method to quantify EC–OC collected on filters. Although commonly used for many years, this technique still suffers from a lack of information on the comparability of the different analytical protocols (temperature protocols, type of optical correction) currently applied in the laboratories. To better evaluate the EC–OC data set quality and related uncertainties, the French National Reference Laboratory for Ambient Air Quality Monitoring (LCSQA) organised an EC–OC comparison exercise for French laboratories using different thermal-optical methods (five laboratories only). While there is good agreement on total carbon (TC) measurements among all participants, some differences can be observed on the EC / TC ratio, even among laboratories using the same thermal protocol. These results led to further tests on the influence of the optical correction: results obtained from different European laboratories confirmed that there were higher differences between OCTOT and OCTOR measured with NIOSH 5040 in comparison to EUSAAR-2. Also, striking differences between ECTOT / ECTOR ratios can be observed when comparing results obtained for rural and urban samples, with ECTOT being 50% lower than ECTOR at rural sites whereas it is only 20% lower at urban sites. The PM chemical composition could explain these differences but the way it influences the EC–OC measurement is not clear and needs further investigation. Meanwhile, some additional tests seem to indicate an influence of oven soiling on the EC–OC measurement data quality. This highlights the necessity to follow the laser signal decrease with time and its impact on measurements. Nevertheless, this should be confirmed by further experiments, involving more samples and various instruments, to enable statistical processing. All these results provide insights to determine the quality of EC–OC analytical methods and may contribute to the work toward establishing method standardisation.

Published
2014

49. Isotopic evidence of contaminant lead in the South Atlantic troposphere and surface waters

Author

Thomas M. Church, Bruno Hamelin, A.R. Flegal, Alain Veron, Guebuem Kim, Laurent Y. Alleman, Centre for Energy and Environment (CERI EE), Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Lille Douai (IMT Lille Douai), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), College of Marine and Earth Studies, University of Delaware [Newark], Institut Laue-Langevin (ILL), and ILL

Subjects
[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Northern Hemisphere, Westerlies, Subtropics, 010501 environmental sciences, Mineral dust, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, 13. Climate action, Ocean gyre, 14. Life underwater, Precipitation, Surface water, Southern Hemisphere, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

The third Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) Baseline Contaminant cruise (May–June 1996) has established the first lead isotopic compositions in the surface water and the atmosphere of the Equatorial and South Atlantic Ocean. These ratios have evidenced both anthropogenic and natural origins of lead along the cruise transect (from 33°S to 10°N). The isotopic gradients tentatively have been, attributed to aeolian as well as surface-water advective inputs from a suite of rather local and remote sources to the Southern Hemisphere. Relatively low 206Pb/207Pb ratios (x±sd) were encountered within the South Equatorial Current between 17°S and 5°S (1.156±0.003). Those were bracketed by more radiogenic ratios at higher latitudes in the Southern Hemisphere (33°S to 23°S), within the Brazil Current and the Subtropical Gyre (1.163±0.003), and in the Northern Hemisphere (0° to 10°N) (1.165±0.005). The latter were comparable to ratios of surface water in the North Atlantic Equatorial Ocean (1.169±0.006), under a combined contaminant influence of both North American westerlies (1.19–1.20) and European easterlies (1.155–1.165). That predominance of contaminant lead contrasts with the measurable presence of natural lead in surface waters of the Equatorial Ocean, which are attributed to aeolian inputs of Saharan dust. The ratios of lead in surface waters at higher latitudes in the South Atlantic are characteristic of anthropogenic lead aerosols also detected in Antarctic ice, and could substantiate as well the hypothesized aerosol recycling of lead by sea-spray emission in the far Southern Hemisphere. The atmospheric lead isotopic compositions (206Pb/207Pb) in bulk depositions (1.171±0.006), precipitation (1.171±0.006) and aerosols (1.168±0.011) were, generally, more radiogenic than the surface waters (1.162±0.005). Beside a poor representation of a short term atmospheric sampling, this difference could reflect a recent evolution in atmospheric lead emissions, which have not yet been reflected in oceanic surface waters. It may also be due, in part, to advective lead inputs from surface oceanic circulation of the South Equatorial Current.

Published
2001

50. Atmospheric depositional fluxes of trace elements,210Pb, and7Be to the Sargasso Sea

Author

Laurent Y. Alleman, Thomas M. Church, Guebuem Kim, School of Earth & Environmental Sciences/RIO, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea, Centre for Energy and Environment (CERI EE), Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Lille Douai (IMT Lille Douai), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), School of Marine Science and Policy, and University of Delaware [Newark]

Subjects
Atmospheric Science, Global and Planetary Change, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Trace element, Fold (geology), 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Sedimentary depositional environment, Troposphere, Deposition (aerosol physics), Oceanography, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], 13. Climate action, Environmental chemistry, Environmental Chemistry, Sargasso sea, Seawater, Enrichment factor, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science
Abstract

Atmospheric wet and bulk depositional fluxes of trace elements (Fe, Al, Mn, Zn, Pb, Cu, Cd, Ni, and Cr), 210Pb, and 7Be (bulk only) to the Sargasso Sea were measured at Bermuda from September 1996 to September 1997. Wet deposition was the dominant process of trace element deposition over most of the sampling seasons, based on the measured bulk versus wet depositional fluxes. Although about half of the Mn in Bermuda precipitation was calculated to originate from noncrustal sources, its seasonal trend is similar to the Fe and Al, suggesting primary sources from continental crustal materials. On the other hand, Cd, Zn, Pb, Cu, Ni, and Cr in Bermuda precipitation originate mainly from noncrustal sources (presumably anthropogenic) based on enrichment factor analyses. The noncrustal sources were highest during the fall-winter due to more frequent intrusion of U.S. continental air as the Bermuda High weakens. Atmospheric depositional fluxes of 210Pb showed a good correlation with the 7Be fluxes (r2=0.84) at Bermuda, indicating major transport of 210Pb via the upper troposphere from continents, along with other trace elements. Annual depositional fluxes of noncrustal elements (Cd, Zn, Pb, Cu, Ni, and Cr) at Bermuda were a factor of 2 to 3 lower than those at the mid-Atlantic Bight and were about 2–20 fold lower during the sampling year than those during the early 1980s. This confirms the rapid evolution of trace element inputs to the upper Sargasso Sea during the last few decades resulting from industrial emission controls in the surrounding continents.

Published
1999

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