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1. Greedy Elites and Poor Lambs: How Young Europeans Remember the Great War

Author

Pierre Bouchat, Laurent Licata, Valérie Rosoux, Christian Allesch, Heinrich Ammerer, Maria Babinska, Michal Bilewicz, Magdalena Bobowik, Inna Bovina, Susanne Bruckmüller, Rosa Cabecinhas, Xenia Chryssochoou, István Csertő, Sylvain Delouvée, Federica Durante, Andreea Ernst-Vintila, Christine Flassbeck, Renata Franc, Denis Hilton, Serap Keles, Chantal Kesteloot, Reşit Kışlıoğlu, Alice Krenn, Irina Macovei, Silvia Mari, Vanja Medugorac, Nebojša Petrović, Tibor Pólya, Maaris Raudsepp, Alberto Sá, Inari Sakki, Vladimir Turjacanin, Salman Türken, Laurence van Ypersele, Danijel Vojak, Chiara Volpato, Geneviève Warland, and Olivier Klein

Subjects
charter, Europe, history, social identity, social representations, WWI, Psychology, BF1-990
Abstract

The present study examines current social representations associated with the origins of the Great War, a major event that has profoundly affected Europe. A survey conducted in 20 European countries (N = 1906 students in social sciences) shows a high consensus: The outbreak of the war is attributed to the warring nations’ leaders while the responsibility of the populations is minimized. Building on the concept of social representation of history (Liu & Hilton, 2005), we suggest that the social representations of the Great War fulfill social psychological functions in contemporary Europe. We suggest that WWI may function as a charter for European integration. Their content also suggests a desire to distinguish a positively valued ingroup ("the people") from powerful elites, construed as an outgroup.

Published
2019
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5. La Grande Guerre dans tous les sens

Author

Stéphane Audoin-Rouzeau, Anne Rasmussen, Jay Winter, Nicolas Beaupré, John Horne, Laurence van Ypersele, Annette Becker, Bruno Cabanes, Gerd Krumeich, Annie Deperchin, Franziska Heimburger, and Heather Jones

Published
2021
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7. 100 years after: What is the relation between pacifist attitudes and social representations of the Great War?

Author

Christine Flassbeck, Chiara Volpato, Denis Hilton, Tibor Pólya, Valérie Rosoux, Resit Kislioglu, Pierre Bouchat, Andreea Ernst-Vintila, Sylvain Delouvée, Geneviève Warland, Olivier Klein, Alice Krenn, Laurent Licata, Susanne Bruckmüller, Nebojša Petrović, Laurence Van Ypersele, Federica Durante, Inna Bovina, Silvia Mari, Jean Louis Tavani, Heinrich Ammerer, J. Christopher Cohrs, Christian G. Allesch, Istvan Csertó, Chantal Kesteloot, Moscow State Regional University., Laboratoire de Psychologie : Cognition, Comportement, Communication (LP3C - EA1285), Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut Brestois des Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société (IBSHS), Université de Brest (UBO), Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Edile-Architettura, Ambientale (DICEAA), Università degli Studi dell'Aquila (UNIVAQ), Laboratoire Parisien de Psychologie Sociale (LAPPS), Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8), Groupe de recherche en économie mathématique et quantitative (GREMAQ), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA), Groupement de Recherche et d'Etudes en Gestion à HEC (GREGH), Ecole des Hautes Etudes Commerciales (HEC Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Recherches en Psychologie Cognition et Communication (CRPCC EA 1285), Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-MEN : EA1285-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Università degli Studi dell'Aquila [L'Aquila] (UNIVAQ.IT), Cognition, Langues, Langage, Ergonomie (CLLE-LTC), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8), Centre d'Etudes de Populations, de Pauvreté et de Politiques Socio-Economiques / International Networks for Studies in Technology, Environment, Alternatives, Development (CEPS/INSTEAD), Centre d'Etudes de Populations, de Pauvreté et de Politiques Socio-Economiques / International Networks for Studies in Technology, Environment, Alternatives, Development, École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN), Bouchat, P, Licata, L, Rosoux, V, Allesch, C, Ammerer, H, Bovina, I, Bruckmüller, S, Cohrs, C, Csertő, I, Delouvée, S, Durante, F, Ernst- Vintila, A, Flassbeck, C, Hilton, D, Kesteloot, C, Kislioglu, R, Krenn, A, Mari, S, Petrović, N, Pólya, T, Tavani, J, van Ypersele, L, Volpato, C, Warland, G, Klein, O, and Università degli Studi dell'Aquila = University of L'Aquila (UNIVAQ)

Subjects
Social representation, WWI, 05 social sciences, [SHS.PSY]Humanities and Social Sciences/Psychology, Gender studies, Pacifist Attitude, Pacifism, Europe, Attitude, Social Representations of the Great War, Political Science and International Relations, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Sociology, Relation (history of concept), ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, M-PSI/05 - PSICOLOGIA SOCIALE, 050104 developmental & child psychology
Abstract

In this article we use a social representational perspective on a large sample of European students to consider the interplay between pacifist attitudes and representations of World War I (WWI). WWI gave rise to pacifist movements across the globe. Across 10 European countries (N = 1,347 undergraduate students), we invited participants to report the first 5 words that came to their mind when thinking about this event and measured their level of pacifism. Analyses of the reported words revealed the presence of seven lexical classes corresponding to 2 main perspectives on WWI. The first main perspective was characterized by "analytical" representations of the war, with a focus on the places and actors of WWI. The second perspective highlighted negative emotions and appraisals associated with war. Overall, we found that the pacifist attitudes we analyzed were associated with a view of the conflict in terms of negatively valanced words, both at the emotional level and in terms of concrete consequences. Conversely lower pacifist attitudes were linked with an emphasis upon weapons. The present results help fill a gap in the literature on attitudes toward peace and war by evidencing their interplay with the way individuals view war. These findings allow us to establish a connection between mainstream, individualcentered approach to attitudes relying on individual premises and social representation theory. Moreover, in line with historical scholarship, these results suggest that a common interpretational framework underlies a view of the conflict associated with the pacifist wave that emerged 100 years ago and current pacifist attitudes. Finally, the present study is the first large scale psychology study of the social representations of the Great War.

Published
2019
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12. A century of victimhood: Antecedents and current impacts of perceived suffering in World War I across Europe

Author

J. Christopher Cohrs, Laurent Licata, Tibor Pólya, Andreea Ernst-Vintila, Inari Sakki, Sylvain Delouvée, Rosa Cabecinhas, Xenia Chryssochoou, Inna Bovina, Nebojša Petrović, Olivier Klein, Christian G. Allesch, Alberto Sá, Denis Hilton, Pierre Bouchat, Heinrich Ammerer, Vladimir Turjačanin, Chantal Kesteloot, Valérie Rosoux, Alice Krenn, Resit Kislioglu, Laurence Van Ypersele, Irina Macovei, Silvia Mari, Federica Durante, István Csertő, Chiara Volpato, Susanne Bruckmüller, Michał Bilewicz, and Christine Flassbeck

Subjects
Social Psychology, 05 social sciences, 050109 social psychology, 16. Peace & justice, Collective memory, 050105 experimental psychology, First world war, media_common.cataloged_instance, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Cost action, Sociology, European union, Social psychology, media_common
Abstract

COST Action IS1205 “Social psychological dynamics of historical representations in the enlarged European Union”.

Published
2017
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13. Journal of Social and Political Psychology / Greedy Elites and Poor Lambs : How Young Europeans Remember the Great War

Author

Bouchat, Pierre, Licata, Laurent, Rosoux, Valérie, Allesch, Christian, Ammerer, Heinrich, Babinska, Maria, Bilewicz, Michal, Bobowik, Magdalena, Bovina, Inna, Bruckmüller, Susanne, Cabecinhas, Rosa, Chryssochoou, Xenia, Csertő, István, Delouvée, Sylvain, Durante, Federica, Ernst-Vintila, Andreea, Flassbeck Vanja Medugorac, Nebojša Petrović, Tibor Pólya, Maaris Raudsepp, Alberto Sá, Inari Sakki, Vladimir Turjacanin, Salman Türken, Laurence van Ypersele, Danijel Voja, Christine, Franc, Renata, Hilton, Denis, Keles, Serap, Kesteloot, Chantal, Kışlıoğlu, Reşit, Krenn, Alice, Macovei, Irina, and Mari

Subjects
Europe, WWI, social identity, social representations, history, charter
Abstract

The present study examines current social representations associated with the origins of the Great War, a major event that has profoundly affected Europe. A survey conducted in 20 European countries (N = 1906 students in social sciences) shows a high consensus: The outbreak of the war is attributed to the warring nations leaders while the responsibility of the populations is minimized. Building on the concept of social representation of history (Liu & Hilton, 2005), we suggest that the social representations of the Great War fulfill social psychological functions in contemporary Europe. We suggest that WWI may function as a charter for European integration. Their content also suggests a desire to distinguish a positively valued ingroup ("the people") from powerful elites, construed as an outgroup. (VLID)3569181

Published
2019

14. Greedy elites and poor lambs: How young Europeans remember the great war

Author

Christian G. Allesch, Chantal Kesteloot, Serap Keles, Tibor Pólya, Olivier Klein, Inna Bovina, Geneviève Warland, Alberto Sá, Laurent Licata, Maria Babińska, Denis Hilton, Vanja Medugorac, Salman Türken, Xenia Chryssochoou, Federica Durante, Valérie Rosoux, Andreea Ernst-Vintila, Resit Kislioglu, Alice Krenn, Christine Flassbeck, Pierre Bouchat, Danijel Vojak, Nebojša Petrović, Maaris Raudsepp, Renata Franc, Rosa Cabecinhas, Laurence Van Ypersele, Vladimir Turjačanin, Irina Macovei, Inari Sakki, Heinrich Ammerer, Sylvain Delouvée, Magdalena Bobowik, István Csertő, Susanne Bruckmüller, Michał Bilewicz, Silvia Mari, Chiara Volpato, University of Warsaw, University of Warsaw (UW), Centre de Recherches en Psychologie Cognition et Communication (CRPCC EA 1285), Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-MEN : EA1285-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Edile-Architettura, Ambientale (DICEAA), Università degli Studi dell'Aquila [L'Aquila] (UNIVAQ.IT), Études des Structures, des Processus d’Adaptation et des Changements de l’Espace (ESPACE), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Parisien de Psychologie Sociale (LAPPS), Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN), Cognition, Langues, Langage, Ergonomie (CLLE-LTC), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA), Centre d'Etudes de Populations, de Pauvreté et de Politiques Socio-Economiques / International Networks for Studies in Technology, Environment, Alternatives, Development (CEPS/INSTEAD), Centre d'Etudes de Populations, de Pauvreté et de Politiques Socio-Economiques / International Networks for Studies in Technology, Environment, Alternatives, Development, Moscow State Regional University., Università degli Studi dell'Aquila (UNIVAQ), Groupe de recherche en économie mathématique et quantitative (GREMAQ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Groupement de Recherche et d'Etudes en Gestion à HEC (GREGH), Ecole des Hautes Etudes Commerciales (HEC Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidade do Minho, Università degli Studi dell'Aquila = University of L'Aquila (UNIVAQ), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UCL - SSH/SPLE - Institut de sciences politiques Louvain-Europe, UCL - SSH/IPSY - Psychological Sciences Research Institute, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8), Bouchat, P, Licata, L, Rosoux, V, Allesch, C, Ammerer, H, Babinska, M, Bilewicz, M, Bobowik, M, Bovina, I, Bruckmüller, M, Cabecinhas, R, Chryssochoou, X, Csertő, I, Delouvée, S, Durante, F, Ernst- Vintila, A, Flassbeck, C, Franc, R, Hilton, D, Keles, S, Kesteloot, C, Kislioglu, R, Krenn, A, Macovei, I, Mari, S, Medugorac, V, Petrović, N, Pólya, T, Raudsepp, M, Sá, A, Sakki, I, Turjacanin, I, Türken, S, van Ypersele, L, Vojak, D, Volpato, C, Warland, G, amp, Klein, O, Everyday thinking and arguing, Department of Social Research (2010-2017), and Faculty of Social Sciences

Subjects
History, Psychologie sociale, Sociology and Political Science, Social Psychology, lcsh:BF1-990, Social Sciences, [SHS.PSY]Humanities and Social Sciences/Psychology, 050109 social psychology, Social representations, 050105 experimental psychology, Political science, Social representation, European integration, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Charter, Content (Freudian dream analysis), Social identity theory, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Applied Psychology, M-PSI/05 - PSICOLOGIA SOCIALE, charter, Europe, history, social identity, social representations, WWI, WWI, 05 social sciences, Ciências Sociais::Ciências da Comunicação, Social identity, charter, Europe, history, social identity, social representations, Ingroups and outgroups, 5144 Social psychology, lcsh:Psychology, Spanish Civil War, Political economy, Outgroup, Ciências da Comunicação [Ciências Sociais]
Abstract

The present study examines current social representations associated with the origins of the Great War, a major event that has profoundly affected Europe. A survey conducted in 20 European countries (N = 1906 students in social sciences) shows a high consensus: The outbreak of the war is attributed to the warring nations’ leaders while the responsibility of the populations is minimized. Building on the concept of social representation of history (Liu and Hilton, 2005), we suggest that the social representations of the Great War fulfill social psychological functions in contemporary Europe. We suggest that WWI may function as a charter for European integration. Their content also suggests a desire to distinguish a positively valued ingroup ("the people") from powerful elites, construed as an outgroup., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Published
2019
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15. Situating the Belgian Congo in Belgium’s First World War Centenary

Author

Enika Ngongo and Laurence van Ypersele

Subjects
History, Ancient history, First world war
Abstract

As in other countries, the surge of interest in Great War commemoration in Belgium has taken many by surprise. Public engagement in 2014 was undeniable: exhibitions were visited, special newspaper editions were bought, documentaries were watched and elaborate commemorations attended. Public demand for knowledge of the First World War was driven by a desire to situate family and local history within wider themes of the War. In the course of such commemoration, Belgians rediscovered the horror of the trenches, the massacres of civilians in 1914 and the harshness of the German occupation, whilst attempting to situate their own family histories in the grand narrative of the conflict. In contrast, it is clear that the participation of the Belgian Congo in the First World War received neither official nor media attention. Only modest private initiatives saw the light of day during the Centenary. But with a significant Congolese diaspora resident in Belgium, how can we explain the ‘forgetting’ of the Belgian Congo in the Centenary commemorations? What indeed was the Belgian Congo’s actual contribution to the War? Who organised those rare initiatives of commemoration and for whose benefit? These are the questions that will frame this chapter, which examines the two major issues that pertained to the Belgian Congo in 1914-1918: the question of the colony’s neutrality and then the major military operations in central Africa. In light of this, the chapter then examines and explains the lack of commemorative activity in Belgium concerning its former colony. This chapter concludes that the regional administrative division of commemorative organisation combined with the historical conditioning of Belgian colonial memory created this absence in Belgium’s Centenary commemorations....

Published
2018
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19. De herdenking van honderd jaar Eerste Wereldoorlog in België: de Federale Republiek Duitsland en de reconstructieve ethiek

Author

Valérie Rosoux, Geneviève Warland, and Laurence Van Ypersele

Abstract

‘Mijn land is nog steeds diep beschaamd’, kopte La Libre Belgique boven een interview met de Duitse ambassadeur in Belgie, Eckart Cuntz. Schaamte en spijt weerklinken in de toespraken van de officiele vertegenwoordigers van Duitsland tijdens herdenkingsplechtigheden voor de Eerste Wereldoorlog in Belgie. Bondspresident Joachim Gauck had een goed gevuld programma op maandag 4 augustus 2014: ’s ochtends nam hij deel aan de plechtigheid bij het Monument voor de Intergeallieerden in Cointe (Luik)...

Published
2014
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20. Les commémorations du Centenaire de la Première Guerre mondiale en Belgique : La République fédérale d’Allemagne et l’éthique reconstructive

Author

Laurence Van Ypersele, Geneviève Warland, and Valérie Rosoux

Abstract

« Mon pays a toujours honte », titrait La Libre Belgique dans un entretien avec l’Ambassadeur d’Allemagne aupres du Royaume de Belgique, Eckart Cuntz. La honte et les regrets sont les sentiments exprimes dans les discours des representants officiels de la Republique federale d’Allemagne lors des commemorations du Centenaire de la Premiere Guerre mondiale en Belgique. Le programme de la journee du lundi 4 aout 2014 etait charge pour le President Joachim Gauck : le matin, il prit part a la cere...

Published
2014
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23. Tourisme de mémoire, usages et mésusages : le cas de la Première Guerre mondiale

Author

Laurence van Ypersele

Subjects
memory, First World War, mémoire, tourism, Première Guerre mondiale, tourisme
Abstract

Les ruines et les champs de bataille de la Première Guerre mondiale vont immédiatement devenir des allégories du corps des combattants et de la douleur de la nation. Diffusée par la propagande, les images du désastre accusent l’ennemi et deviennent le symbole visible du sacrifice national. Mais c’est au lendemain du conflit que le tourisme se déploie vraiment et selon des logiques à la fois différentes et ambiguës : les familles et les anciens combattants viennent en pèlerinage sur les lieux où sont tombés les leurs, les curieux viennent confronter leur imagination à la réalité des lieux parfois de manière malsaine, tandis que les sinistrés espèrent pouvoir reconstruire plus vite leur lieu de vie grâce à l’apport de ces pèlerins et de ces curieux. Ruins and battlefields of the First World War will immediately become allegories of the whole of the combatants and of the pain of the nation. Disseminated by propaganda, images of disaster accuse the enemy and become the visible symbol of national sacrifice. But it is only after the war that tourism really unfolds and only according to various and ambiguous patterns: families and veterans come on pilgrimage to the places where friends and family perished, the curious ones come to confront their imagination to reality in a sometimes unhealthy and misguided way, while the victims hope to rebuild they lives thanks to these pilgrims and curious tourists. De ruïnes en slagvelden van de Eerste Wereldoorlog werden meteen allegorieën van de lichamen van de strijders en het verdriet van de natie. De beelden van de ramp, door de propaganda verspreid om de vijand te beschuldigen, werden het zichtbare symbool van het nationale offer. Maar onmiddellijk na het conflict ging het toerisme pas echt van start, via een tegenstrijdige en dubbelzinnige logica. Families en oud-strijders kwamen op bedevaart naar de plekken waar hun naasten waren gesneuveld, nieuwsgierigen kwamen op soms ongezonde wijze hun verbeelding toetsen aan de realiteit ter plaatse, terwijl de slachtoffers dankzij de bijdrage van die pelgrims en nieuwsgierigen hoopten de plek waar ze leefden weer sneller te kunnen opbouwen.

Published
2013
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24. A century of victimhood: Antecedents and current impacts of perceived suffering in World War I across Europe

Author

Pierre Bouchat, Laurent Licata, Valérie Rosoux, Christian Allesch, Heinrich Ammerer, Inna Bovina, Susanne Bruckmüller, Rosa Cabecinhas, Xenia Chryssochoou, J. Christopher Cohrs, István Csertő, Sylvain Delouvée, Federica Durante, Andreea Ernst-Vintila, Christine Flassbeck, Denis Hilton, Chantal Kesteloot, Resit Kislioglu, Alice Krenn, Irina Macovei, Silvia Mari, Nebojša Petrovic, Tibor Pólya, Alberto Sá, Inari Sakki, Vladimir Turjacanin, Laurence van Ypersele, Chiara Volpato, Michal Bilewicz, Olivier Klein, Universidade do Minho, Laboratoire de Psychologie : Cognition, Comportement, Communication (LP3C - EA1285), Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut Brestois des Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société (IBSHS), Université de Brest (UBO), Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Edile-Architettura, Ambientale (DICEAA), Università degli Studi dell'Aquila (UNIVAQ), Études des Structures, des Processus d’Adaptation et des Changements de l’Espace (ESPACE), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Parisien de Psychologie Sociale (LAPPS), Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN), Cognition, Langues, Langage, Ergonomie (CLLE-LTC), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Warsaw (UW), Centre d'Etudes de Populations, de Pauvreté et de Politiques Socio-Economiques / International Networks for Studies in Technology, Environment, Alternatives, Development (CEPS/INSTEAD), Centre d'Etudes de Populations, de Pauvreté et de Politiques Socio-Economiques / International Networks for Studies in Technology, Environment, Alternatives, Development, Università degli Studi dell'Aquila [L'Aquila] (UNIVAQ.IT), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Warsaw, Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Brestois des Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société (IBSHS), Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS), Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Avignon Université (AU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Institut Brestois des Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société (IBSHS), Università degli Studi dell'Aquila = University of L'Aquila (UNIVAQ), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Moscow State Regional University., Centre de Recherches en Psychologie Cognition et Communication (CRPCC EA 1285), Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-MEN : EA1285-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Groupe de recherche en économie mathématique et quantitative (GREMAQ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA), Groupement de Recherche et d'Etudes en Gestion à HEC (GREGH), Ecole des Hautes Etudes Commerciales (HEC Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Bouchat, P, Licata, L, Rosoux, V, Allesch, C, Ammerer, H, Bovina, I, Bruckmüller, S, Cabecinhas, R, Chryssochoou, X, Cohrs, C, Cserto, I, Delouvée, S, Durante, F, Ernst Vintila, A, Flassbeck, C, Hilton, D, Kesteloot, C, Kislioglu, R, Krenn, A, Macovei, I, Mari, S, Petrovic, N, Pólya, T, Sá, A, Sakki, I, Turjacanin, V, van Ypersele, L, Volpato, C, Bilewicz, M, and Klein, O

Subjects
victimhood, memória, Psychologie sociale, Social Psychology, collective, [SHS.PSY]Humanities and Social Sciences/Psychology, Social Sciences, 050109 social psychology, 050105 experimental psychology, memory, collective victimhood, collective memory, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, M-PSI/05 - PSICOLOGIA SOCIALE, [SHS.SOCIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Sociology, WWI, coletiva, pacifism, Primeira Guerra Mundial, 05 social sciences, Coolective memory, Pacifism, Collective victimhood, WW, vitimização, pacifismo, Ciências Sociais::Ciências da Comunicação, 16. Peace & justice, collectivememory,pacifism, collective victimhood, WWI, Ciências da Comunicação [Ciências Sociais]
Abstract

The present study addresses antecedents and consequences of collective victimhood in the context of World War I (WWI) across 15 European nations (N = 2423 social science students). Using multilevel analysis, we find evidence that collective victimhood is still present a hundred years after the onset of the war and can be predicted by WWI-related objective indicators of victimization at national and family levels. This suggests that collective victimhood is partly grounded in the actual experience of WWI. In addition, we show that sense of collective victimhood positively predicts acknowledgment of the suffering inflicted by one's nation on other countries during WWI. This is consistent with a social representation of WWI as involving a vast massacre in which nations were both victim and perpetrator. Finally, we find that objective indicators of victimization predict pacifism in divergent ways, with an indicator at the national level associated with more pacifist attitudes and an indicator at the family level being associated with less pacifist attitudes. This finding suggests that war-torn societies may have developed social representations favouring peaceful coexistence whereas, at the family level, victimization may still foster retaliatory tendencies., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Published
2017
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25. The Belgian national past: Between commemoration and silence

Author

Valérie Rosoux and Laurence Van Ypersele

Subjects
Cultural Studies, Silence, History, De facto, Social Psychology, National identity, World War II, Experimental and Cognitive Psychology, Gender studies, Deconstruction, Colonialism, Genealogy, First world war
Abstract

This article examines the gradual deconstruction of the Belgian national identity. Is it possible to speak of a de facto differentiation or even ‘federalization’ of the so-called ‘national past’ in Belgium? How do Belgians choose to remember and forget this past? To contribute to an understanding of these issues, the article considers two very different episodes of Belgian history, namely the First World War and the colonization of the Congo. On the one hand, the memory of the First World War appears to provide the template for memory conflicts in Belgium, and thus informs the memories of other tragedies such as the Second World War. On the other hand, the memory of the colonial past remains much more consensual – providing a more nuanced picture of competing views on the past. Beyond the differences between the ways in which these episodes are officially portrayed, the same fundamental trend may be observed: the gradual fragmentation of a supposedly smooth and reliable national version of history.

Published
2011
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26. Leaving the War Popular Violence and Judicial Repression of ‘unpatriotic’ behaviour in Belgium (1918–1921)

Author

Xavier Rousseaux and Laurence Van Ypersele

Subjects
History, education.field_of_study, media_common.quotation_subject, World War II, Population, Censorship, Economic Justice, language.human_language, Newspaper, German, Spanish Civil War, State (polity), Law, language, education, media_common
Abstract

After four years of occupation, Belgium emerged ruined at the end of the Great War. The King returned from Yser, leading the army and acclaimed by the population. In contrast, the government and the exiles came back discreetly and the absence of the dead was felt strongly. Part of the population felt itself to be the victim of the occupation and sought revenge: shop windows were broken and houses sacked, men were molested and women's heads shaven. Manufacturers who had closed their businesses sought the severe repression of those who had pursued their activities. Journalists who had stopped writing called for harsh treatment of the newspapers that submitted to German censorship. A fraction of the population stigmatised those who profited from the occupation and demanded justice. In 1918, Belgium was already confronted with problems that most European countries only discovered at the end of the Second World War. How does one move on from a war of occupation? How does one reconstruct a state weakened by occ...

Published
2005
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27. Sortir de la guerre, sortir de l'occupation. Les violences populaires en Belgique au lendemain de la première guerre mondiale

Author

Laurence Van Ypersele

Subjects
History
Abstract

Au sortir de la Grande Guerre, apres quatre annees d’occupation, une vague de violence se dechaine au sein de la population belge : des vitres sont brisees, des fermes brulees, des hommes sont molestes et des femmes rasees. Ce phenomene qui est quasi totalement occulte jusque dans les memoires belges de l’entre-deux-guerres reapparait au lendemain de la seconde guerre mondiale dans la plupart des pays europeens. Nous tenterons de comprendre ce phenomene et ses significations en termes de sortie de guerre a travers l’analyse des acteurs et des victimes de ces violences, des reactions de la presse et celles des forces de l’ordre.

Published
2004
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28. Introduction

Author

Laurence van Ypersele, Geneviève Warland, and Michaël Amara

Subjects
History
Published
2018
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29. Dans les mains de la police allemande. Les violences carcérales et policières comme expérience d’occupation en Belgique, 1914-1918

Author

Emmanuel Debruyne, Elise Reszöhazy, and Laurence Van Ypersele

Subjects
History
Abstract

Si, depuis une dizaine d’annees, les recherches sur les patriotes de la Premiere Guerre mondiale ont permis de mieux cerner le phenomene de cette premiere « resistance », on sait encore peu de choses sur ce qu’ils ont subi en prison et comment ils l’ont vecu. Or ces hommes avaient desappris la violence quotidienne. Dans cette perspective, on se demandera d’une part quelles sont les violences subies par ces patriotes emprisonnes, et de l’autre comment elles sont vecues, percues et interpretees par ceux qui les subissent. Leur cas est d’autant plus interessant qu’il s’insere dans le contexte d’une guerre totale ou la violence est dirigee non seule­ment contre les combattants, mais egalement contre des civils.

Published
2018
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31. The interplay between collective memory and the erosion of nation states : the paradigmatic case of Belgium. Introduction to the special issue

Author

Olivier Klein, Laurence Van Ypersele, Laurent Licata, Susann Heenen-Wolff, Olivier Luminet, Valérie Rosoux, Charles B. Stone, UCL - SSH/INCA - Institut des civilisations, arts et lettres, UCL - SSH/SPLE - Institut de sciences politiques Louvain-Europe, and UCL - SSH/IPSY - Psychological Sciences Research Institute

Subjects
Cultural Studies, Government, Social psychology (sociology), Linguistic group, Psychologie sociale, Social Psychology, media_common.quotation_subject, Political crisis, Experimental and Cognitive Psychology, Collective emotions, Collective memory, Histoire, Psychologie, Belgium, State (polity), Political economy, General election, nationalism, collective memory, Sociology, Social science, media_common
Abstract

The main goal of the special issue on ‘the interplay between collective memory and the erosion of nation states: The paradigmatic case of Belgium’ is to examine the erosion of the Belgian State as an exemplary illustration of the way memories of past events can influence current attitudes, emotions, representations and behaviours. We believe that the recent political crisis in Belgium, with no government for more than one year after the 2010 general elections, could be partly illuminated by the diverging and sometimes contradictory memories each linguistic group (Dutch- vs. French-speakers) in Belgium holds about the past. These issues will be examined through different disciplines from the social sciences and humanities: social psychology, history, psychoanalysis, political sciences, and literature., SCOPUS: ed.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Published
2012

34. Célébrations de novembre 1918 dans le royaume de Belgique

Author

Axel Tixhon and Laurence Van Ypersele

Subjects
History
Abstract

Peace on November 11, 1918 raised ambivalent feelings both in Belgium and in France. But the work of memory in the two countries has been very different. In Belgium, the figure of the soldier is in the principal place but not the whole space. Alongside is the figure of the martyr and the deported. There is no denial of memory concerning the occupied populations., La paix acquise le 11 novembre 1918 a suscité en Belgique comme en France des sentiments ambivalents. En revanche, le travail de la mémoire dans ces deux pays a été fort différent. En Belgique, la figure du soldat, si elle tient la première place, n'occupe pas tout l'espace mémoriel. À ses côtés, se trouve la figure du martyr et du déporté. Il n'y a pas de déni de mémoire concernant les populations occupées., Ypersele Laurence van, Tixhon Axel. Célébrations de novembre 1918 dans le royaume de Belgique. In: Vingtième Siècle, revue d'histoire, n°67, juillet-septembre 2000. pp. 61-78.

Published
2000

35. Les commémorations belges

Author

Benjamin Gilles and Laurence van Ypersele

Abstract

L’auteur aborde la question des commemorations belges de la Premiere Guerre mondiale a travers quatre questions : 1) Quel est le discours du gouvernement federal a propos de la Grande Guerre ? Comment envisage-t-il les commemorations ? 2) Quels discours et quelles attitudes adoptent les provinces wallonnes et flamandes ? Peut-on parler de memoire de la Grande Guerre construite en opposition ? Sur quoi s’opposent-elles ou se rejoignent-elles ? 3) Pourquoi le tourisme memoriel joue-t-il un aussi grand role ? Pourquoi est-il l’objet d’un tel developpement ? 4) Quelle est la place de la Grande Guerre dans les programmes scolaires du secondaire (college) ? Comment est-elle enseignee ? Existe-t-il des differences regionales ?

Published
2014
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36. À l'ombre du Soldat inconnu : les pratiques mémorielles autour de la colonne du Congrès à Bruxelles au xxe siècle

Author

Laurence Van Ypersele

Subjects
Archeology, History
Abstract

Pour repondre a l’enormite de la premiere guerre mondiale, a la mort de masse et a l’absence des corps, on inhume a Paris comme a Londres, des 1920, un soldat non identifie : le Soldat inconnu. En Belgique, il faudra attendre 1922 pour qu’un soldat inconnu soit inhume sous la colonne du Congres a Bruxelles. Manifestement, cela n’allait pas de soi. Pourtant, rapidement, le Soldat inconnu devint le receptacle d’une memoire officielle en constante evolution.

Published
2014
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38. Librairie

Author

Hubert Bonin, Anne-Laure Anizan, Sébastien Denis, Gilles Gauvin, Raphaëlle Branche, Olivier Bouquet, Cécile Vaissié, Hélène Miard-Delacroix, Jean-Louis Margolin, Laurence van Ypersele, Julia Aumüller, Emmanuel Droit, Alain Chatriot, Stephen Whitfield, Ludovic Tournès, Hervé Serry, Stéfanie Prezioso, Nicole Racine, Michel Letté, Antoine Prost, Yves Poncelet, Christian Guérin, Pascale Quincy-Lefebvre, Jean-Luc Martin, Jacques Dumont, and Pascale Goetschel

Subjects
History
Published
2007
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39. «Au nom de la Patrie ! A mort les traîtres». La répression des inciviques belges de 1914 à 1918

Author

Laurence van Ypersele

Abstract

Des 1918, la Belgique fut confrontee a des problemes que la plupart des pays europeens ne decouvriront qu'au lendemain de la Deuxieme guerre mondiale. Comment sort-on d'une guerre d'occupation ? Comment reconstruit-on un Etat affaibli par l'occupation ? Comment repond-on a la demande collective de justice ? Le present article interroge l'image de ceux que la population voulait voir châties, au nom de la "Belgique Martyre". Car cet imaginaire apparait bien comme le miroir inverse du culte de la Patrie.

Published
2007
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43. La répression des trafics animaliers

Author

Campion, Jonas, Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Xavier Rousseaux Laurence van Ypersele (dir.), and Campion, Jonas

Subjects
[SHS.HIST] Humanities and Social Sciences/History, [SHS.HIST]Humanities and Social Sciences/History, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2008

44. Joseph Beuys : art, souvenir et politique

Author

Antoine, Jean-Philippe, Arts des Images et Art Contemporain (AIAC), Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8), Paul-Augustin Deproost, Laurence van Ypersele, Myriam Watthee-Delmotte, and Antoine, Jean-Philippe

Subjects
[SHS.ANTHRO-SE] Humanities and Social Sciences/Social Anthropology and ethnology, [SHS.ART] Humanities and Social Sciences/Art and art history, [SHS.ART]Humanities and Social Sciences/Art and art history, [SHS.ANTHRO-SE]Humanities and Social Sciences/Social Anthropology and ethnology, Joseph Beuys, art, politique, expérience
Published
2008

45. Monseigneur(s) et ami(s): la correspondance de John Geddes et de George Hay, 1759-99

Author

Prunier, Clotilde, Institut de recherche sur la Renaissance, l'Age Classique, et les Lumières. (IRCL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM), and Paul Servais et Laurence Van Ypersele

Subjects
[SHS.LITT]Humanities and Social Sciences/Literature, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2007

46. Monseigneur(s) et ami(s)

Author

Prunier, Clotilde, des publications scientifiques, Base, and Paul Servais et Laurence Van Ypersele

Subjects
[SHS.LITT] Humanities and Social Sciences/Literature, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Published
2007

47. Monseigneur(s) et ami(s). La correspondance de John Geddes et de George Hay (1759-1799)

Author

Prunier, Clotilde, Institut de recherche sur la Renaissance, l'Age Classique, et les Lumières. (IRCL), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paul Servais, Laurence Van Ypersele, and HAL Nanterre, Administrateur

Subjects
[SHS.LITT] Humanities and Social Sciences/Literature, [SHS.LITT]Humanities and Social Sciences/Literature, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2007

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