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1. Impact of washing parameters on bacterial filtration efficiency and breathability of community and medical facemasks

Author

Henrietta Essie Whyte, Aurélie Joubert, Lara Leclerc, Gwendoline Sarry, Paul Verhoeven, Laurence Le Coq, and Jérémie Pourchez

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Abstract Can medical face masks be replaced by reusable community face masks with similar performance? The influence of the number of wash cycles, the wash temperature and the use of detergent was evaluated on the performance of one medical face masks (MFM) and ten community face masks (CFM). The performance of the new and washed masks was characterized from the bacterial filtration efficiency (BFE) and the differential pressure (DP). The tests on the new masks showed that the MFM had always better BFE than CFMs. Although two of the CFMs showed a BFE value exceeding 95%, only one can be classified as type I MFM based on both BFE and DP requirements. The influence of the washing parameters was investigated on the MFM and these two CMFs with excellent BFE properties. The parameters had no effect on the BFE of CFMs whilst the MFM exhibited a loss in efficiency when washed with detergent. The DP of masks were not impacted by the washing. The results clearly show that even though a compromise has to be made between the BFE and breathability, it seems possible to manufacture CFMs with performances similar to a type I MFM, without achieving type II requirements.

Published
2022
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2. Comparison of bacterial filtration efficiency vs. particle filtration efficiency to assess the performance of non-medical face masks

Author

Henrietta Essie Whyte, Yoann Montigaud, Estelle Audoux, Paul Verhoeven, Amélie Prier, Lara Leclerc, Gwendoline Sarry, Coralie Laurent, Laurence Le Coq, Aurélie Joubert, and Jérémie Pourchez

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Abstract As a result of the current COVID-19 pandemic, the use of facemasks has become commonplace. The performance of medical facemasks is assessed using Bacterial Filtration Efficiency (BFE) tests. However, as BFE tests, require specific expertise and equipment and are time-consuming, the performance of non-medical facemasks is assessed with non-biological Particle Filtration Efficiency (PFE) tests which are comparatively easier to implement. It is necessary to better understand the possible correlations between BFE and PFE to be able to compare the performances of the different types of masks (medical vs. non-medical). In this study BFE results obtained in accordance with the standard EN 14683 are compared to the results of PFE from a reference test protocol defined by AFNOR SPEC S76-001 with the aim to determine if BFE could be predicted from PFE. Our results showed a correlation between PFE and BFE. It was also observed that PFE values were higher than BFE and this was attributed to the difference in particle size distribution considered for efficiency calculation. In order to properly compare these test protocols for a better deduction, it would be interesting to compare the filtration efficiency for a similar granulometric range.

Published
2022
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3. Determination of the Clean Air Delivery Rate (CADR) of Photocatalytic Oxidation (PCO) Purifiers for Indoor Air Pollutants Using a Closed-Loop Reactor. Part II: Experimental Results

Author

Valérie Héquet, Frédéric Batault, Cécile Raillard, Frédéric Thévenet, Laurence Le Coq, and Éric Dumont

Subjects
photocatalysis, Clean Air Delivery Rate (CADR), indoor air quality, Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), air cleaner, Organic chemistry, QD241-441
Abstract

The performances of a laboratory PhotoCatalytic Oxidation (PCO) device were determined using a recirculation closed-loop pilot reactor. The closed-loop system was modeled by associating equations related to two ideal reactors: a perfectly mixed reservoir with a volume of VR = 0.42 m3 and a plug flow system corresponding to the PCO device with a volume of VP = 5.6 × 10−3 m3. The PCO device was composed of a pleated photocatalytic filter (1100 cm2) and two 18-W UVA fluorescent tubes. The Clean Air Delivery Rate (CADR) of the apparatus was measured under different operating conditions. The influence of three operating parameters was investigated: (i) light irradiance I from 0.10 to 2.0 mW·cm−2; (ii) air velocity v from 0.2 to 1.9 m·s−1; and (iii) initial toluene concentration C0 (200, 600, 1000 and 4700 ppbv). The results showed that the conditions needed to apply a first-order decay model to the experimental data (described in Part I) were fulfilled. The CADR values, ranging from 0.35 to 3.95 m3·h−1, were mainly dependent on the light irradiance intensity. A square root influence of the light irradiance was observed. Although the CADR of the PCO device inserted in the closed-loop reactor did not theoretically depend on the flow rate (see Part I), the experimental results did not enable the confirmation of this prediction. The initial concentration was also a parameter influencing the CADR, as well as the toluene degradation rate. The maximum degradation rate rmax ranged from 342 to 4894 ppbv/h. Finally, this study evidenced that a recirculation closed-loop pilot could be used to develop a reliable standard test method to assess the effectiveness of PCO devices.

Published
2017
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7. Can medical face masks be replaced by reusable community face masks with similar performance ? Impact of washing parameters on bacterial filtration efficiency and breathability

Author

Henrietta Essie Whyte, Aurélie Joubert, Lara Leclerc, Gwendoline Sarry, Paul Verhoeven, Laurence Le Coq, and Jérémie Pourchez

Abstract

The influence of the number of wash cycles, the wash temperature and the use of detergent was evaluated on the performance of one medical face masks (MFM) and ten community face masks (CFM). The performance of the new and washed masks was characterized from the bacterial filtration efficiency (BFE) and the differential pressure (DP). The tests on the new masks showed that the MFM had always better BFE than CFMs. Although two of the CFMs showed a BFE value exceeding 95%, only one can be classified as type I MFM based on both BFE and DP requirements. The influence of the washing parameters was investigated on the MFM and these two CMFs with excellent BFE properties. The parameters had no effect on the BFE of CFMs whilst the MFM exhibited a loss in efficiency when washed with detergent as a result of the loss of electrostatic charges on the meltblown layer. The DP of masks were not impacted by the washing. The results clearly show that even though a compromise has to be made between the BFE and breathability, it seems possible to manufacture CFMs with performances similar to a type I MFM, without being able to achieve type II requirements.

Published
2022

9. Lab-scale characterization of emissions from incineration of halogen- and sulfur-containing nanowastes by use of a tubular furnace

Author

Laurence Le Coq, Sylvain Durecu, Olivier Aguerre-Chariol, G. Marlair, O. Le Bihan, Christophe Dutouquet, Laurent Meunier, Aurélie Joubert, Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Département Systèmes Energétiques et Environnement (IMT Atlantique - DSEE), IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Traitement Eau Air Métrologie (GEPEA-TEAM), Laboratoire de génie des procédés - environnement - agroalimentaire (GEPEA), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Polytechnique de l'Université de Nantes (EPUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie - Nantes (IUT Nantes), Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie Saint-Nazaire (IUT Saint-Nazaire), Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie - La Roche-sur-Yon (IUT La Roche-sur-Yon), Université de Nantes (UN)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL), Séché Environnement, and Valorisation Energie-matière des Résidus et Traitement des Emissions (GEPEA-VERTE)

Subjects
Lab-scale tubular furnace, Environmental Engineering, Waste management, Nanoparticle, chemistry.chemical_element, Context (language use), Incineration, 010501 environmental sciences, Combustion, Halogen- and sulfur-containing nanowastes, 01 natural sciences, Sulfur, 12. Responsible consumption, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Hazardous waste, Titanium dioxide, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Chlorine, Environmental Chemistry, Environmental science, Nanoparticles, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

International audience; Many solid materials contain nanoparticles to enhance their functionalities. The question of whether they may release nanoparticles at different moments of their life cycle is raised. Lifecycle includes waste management. There is therefore a need to determine the fate of nanoparticles when the materials they are incorporated in are incinerated. The present study aims at shedding light on these issues. In this context, three real-life wastes selected for their specific compositions were combusted in a lab-scale furnace under incineration conditions. The first two wastes contained nanoparticles, namely silica and titanium dioxide. The third waste was purposely nanoparticle free. In addition, the waste containing titanium dioxide did contain chlorine and the nanoparticle-free material was partly made of sulfur. Disposal of halogen and sulfur-containing garbage implies an incineration temperature of 1100 °C. This complex waste composition was seen as an opportunity to assess possible interactions between nanoparticles and hazardous elements such as chlorine and sulfur during the combustion. Most of the analyses were supported by electronic microscopy imaging after having sampled particles in the fumes and in the bottom ashes. Eventually, three mechanistic scenarios were drawn from these experiments. Focus was made on the evolution of the nanostructure. It was observed to be preserved for the first waste. It disappeared both from the aerosol and the residue for the second waste. The third material, though not initially nanostructured, led to the formation of a nanostructure in the aerosol.

Published
2021

10. Predicting the permeability and specific surface area of compressed and uncompressed fibrous media including the Klinkenberg effect

Author

M.C. van Heyningen, Sonia Woudberg, Laurence Le Coq, Félicie Theron, E. Maré, Traitement Eau Air Métrologie (GEPEA-TEAM), Laboratoire de génie des procédés - environnement - agroalimentaire (GEPEA), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Polytechnique de l'Université de Nantes (EPUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie - Nantes (IUT Nantes), Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie Saint-Nazaire (IUT Saint-Nazaire), Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie - La Roche-sur-Yon (IUT La Roche-sur-Yon), Université de Nantes (UN)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL), Département Systèmes Energétiques et Environnement (IMT Atlantique - DSEE), IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), and Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)

Subjects
Klinkenberg correction, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, General Chemical Engineering, Experimental data, 02 engineering and technology, Mechanics, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Compression (physics), Permeability (earth sciences), 020401 chemical engineering, Specific surface area, Curve fitting, [SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, 0204 chemical engineering, 0210 nano-technology, Anisotropy, Porous medium, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Mathematics
Abstract

In this study a geometric anisotropic two-strut model is presented to predict the permeability of fibrous porous media subject to compression. A further novelty of this study is the inclusion of the Klinkenberg effect in the permeability prediction of the two-strut model and existing three-strut model. The specific surface area of the anisotropic models are predicted by making use of two approaches, i.e. a geometric approach and a combined kinematic-geometric approach. The Klinkenberg effect has also been introduced into the non-compressed models. The model predictions are compared to a variety of available experimental data for non-woven fibre media and metal foams from the literature and the correspondence proves to be satisfactory. The analytical modelling approach presented adds value to the empirical studies in the literature which comprises of curve fitting procedures together with the introduction of empirical coefficients into the Forchheimer or Ergun equations to obtain correlation with experimental data.

Published
2021

12. Local experimental methodology for the study of microparticles resuspension in ventilated duct during fan acceleration

Author

Félicie Theron, Laurence Le Coq, Djihad Debba, Traitement Eau Air Métrologie (GEPEA-TEAM), Laboratoire de génie des procédés - environnement - agroalimentaire (GEPEA), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Polytechnique de l'Université de Nantes (EPUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie - Nantes (IUT Nantes), Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie Saint-Nazaire (IUT Saint-Nazaire), Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie - La Roche-sur-Yon (IUT La Roche-sur-Yon), Université de Nantes (UN)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL), IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), and Valorisation Energie-matière des Résidus et Traitement des Emissions (GEPEA-VERTE)

Subjects
Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes, Atmospheric Science, Environmental Engineering, Materials science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Turbulence, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, [SPI.FLUID]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Reactive fluid environment, Mechanics, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Pollution, Two stages, Physics::Fluid Dynamics, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Ventilated duct, Turbulence kinetic energy, Resuspension kinetics, Air flow properties, Duct (flow), Particle resuspension, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

International audience; The purpose of this study is to develop an experimental methodology with relevant space and time resolutions to track the velocity properties responsible for the resuspension of microparticles during the acceleration stage of a fan start. Microparticles release is investigated over a time period of several seconds, i.e. at short time. This methodology involves velocity signal measurements thanks to Hot Wire Anemometry, and an optical counting method to build resuspension kinetics curves. During the fan acceleration the velocity evolution is characterized by two stages: a first increase without fluctuations, and then the acceleration with fluctuations. The same behavior is observed whatever the distance to the wall at which velocity is considered. The resuspension phenomenon seems to be initiated by a threshold turbulent kinetic energy, i.e. by turbulent events powerful enough to release microparticles having the lowest adhesion forces. For the studied particles properties/wall properties/aeraulic conditions, a significant fraction of particles remains on the duct wall at the end of experiments, despite the fact that the remaining fraction is stabilized. This may reveal that the highest energy levels of flow events seen by microparticles were not powerful enough to release particles having the highest adhesion forces.

Published
2020

13. Local variations of air velocity in the vicinity of filter pleats in transitional airflow regime – Experimental and numerical approaches

Author

Laurence Le Coq, Nancy Zgheib, Aurélie Joubert, Félicie Theron, Walid Mrad, Traitement Eau Air Métrologie (GEPEA-TEAM), Laboratoire de génie des procédés - environnement - agroalimentaire (GEPEA), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Polytechnique de l'Université de Nantes (EPUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie - Nantes (IUT Nantes), Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie Saint-Nazaire (IUT Saint-Nazaire), Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie - La Roche-sur-Yon (IUT La Roche-sur-Yon), Université de Nantes (UN)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL), Département Systèmes Energétiques et Environnement (IMT Atlantique - DSEE), IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), and Université Saint-Esprit de Kaslik (USEK)

Subjects
Physics, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, business.industry, Turbulence, Airflow, Flow (psychology), Filtration and Separation, Laminar flow, 02 engineering and technology, Mechanics, Computational fluid dynamics, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Analytical Chemistry, Physics::Fluid Dynamics, Upstream and downstream (DNA), 020401 chemical engineering, Filter (video), Turbulence kinetic energy, [SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, 0204 chemical engineering, 0210 nano-technology, business, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

This study combines experimental velocity measurements and numerical simulations to characterize the airflow in the vicinity of pleated filters used in ventilation systems. Experimental velocity and turbulence intensity profiles were measured using Hot Wire Anemometry (HWA), upstream and downstream of the filter. Significant local velocity gradients were detected downstream of the filter. The maximum local velocity detected was as much as three times the inlet velocity. The gradient was constant up to 2.5 cm from the pleat entrance. However, only slight velocity variations were observed upstream of the filter. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations were performed using the Ansys Fluent code. Since the flow regime of the airflow approaching filters was transitional, the three following flow models were tested: laminar, standard k -e, and transition SST. The numerical velocity data were in fairly close agreement with the experimental velocity profiles upstream and downstream of the filter, especially in close proximity to the filter medium. No significant turbulence intensities were detected close to the medium surface for the filtration velocity tested.

Published
2021

14. Characterization of the porous structure of a non-woven fibrous medium for air filtration at local and global scales using porosimetry and X-ray micro-tomography

Author

Elisabeth Lys, Aurélie Joubert, François Bertrand, Félicie Theron, Laurence Le Coq, Département Systèmes Energétiques et Environnement (IMT Atlantique - DSEE), IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Traitement Eau Air Métrologie (GEPEA-TEAM), Laboratoire de génie des procédés - environnement - agroalimentaire (GEPEA), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Polytechnique de l'Université de Nantes (EPUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie - Nantes (IUT Nantes), Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie Saint-Nazaire (IUT Saint-Nazaire), Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie - La Roche-sur-Yon (IUT La Roche-sur-Yon), Université de Nantes (UN)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL), Laboratoire de physique subatomique et des technologies associées (SUBATECH), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut de Recherche en Génie Civil et Mécanique (GeM), and Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-École Centrale de Nantes (ECN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification, Materials science, Scanning electron microscope, General Chemical Engineering, Isotropy, Composite number, Mineralogy, 02 engineering and technology, Polymer, Porosimetry, Porous structure, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Mercury porosimetry, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, 020401 chemical engineering, chemistry, X-ray micro-tomography, Homogeneity (physics), 0204 chemical engineering, Composite material, 0210 nano-technology, Anisotropy, Porosity, Fibrous medium
Abstract

International audience; The present study focuses on complementary experimental methods to characterize the structural properties of a high performance composite medium made of a polymer membrane laminated to a fibrous support, and used for air filtration, at global and local scales. This two-scale approach aims to evaluate the in-plane homogeneity of the properties of the two layers of the medium. The structure of the medium is observed in 2D by Scanning Electron Microscopy, and in 3D by X-ray micro-tomography. Those observations enable for example the isotropic/anisotropic nature of each layer of the medium to be evaluated. Some characteristics, like the fibrous support fiber diameters and the thickness of each layer, are also quantified. The porous structures of each layer are first described from a global standpoint in terms of mean porosity and pore size distribution obtained by the mercury porosimetry technique. Micro-tomography data are treated to calculate mean porosity values of each layer that are compared to those obtained by mercury porosimetry, and to represent porosity profiles through each layer thickness to give orders of magnitude of the through-plane poros-ity gradients that they exhibit. In order to evaluate the in-plane homogeneity of the fibrous support porous structure , micro-tomography data are then used to estimate local porosity values from analyses carried out on two different sample areas. The pore sizes of the polymer membrane are evaluated by analysis of 2D images obtained by micro-tomography, and a good agreement is highlighted with those obtained by mercury porosimetry.

Published
2017

15. Fin de vie des nanomatériaux dans la filière d'incinération. Caractérisation et traitement des émissions de particules

Author

Aurélie Joubert, Sylvain Durecu, Christophe Dutouquet, Olivier Le Bihan, Laurence Le Coq, Laboratoire de génie des procédés - environnement - agroalimentaire (GEPEA), Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Séché Environnement, Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), and Civs, Gestionnaire

Subjects
[SDE] Environmental Sciences, TRAITEMENT DES EFFLUENTS GAZEUX, TRAITEMENT DES POLLUANTS ÉMERGENTS, FILTRE À MANCHES, VALORISATION DES DÉCHETS ET COPRODUITS, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, NANOPARTICULES, INCINÉRATION DE DÉCHETS, COLONNE DE LAVAGE PAR PULVÉRISATION
Abstract

Malgré l’utilisation de nanoparticules ou nanomatériaux, de nature et forme variées, désormais généralisée à tous les secteurs d’activité, il n'existe aujourd'hui aucune réglementation française ou européenne sur la gestion des déchets associés, que ce soit au niveau de la fabrication, de l'usage ou de la fin de vie. Les projets ADEME CORTEA NanoFlueGas [1] et Nano-Wet [2] ont étudié le traitement des déchets nanostructurés par la filière d’incinération avec des conditions de combustion des gaz résultants portés à 850°C ou 1100°C respectivement. Les objectifs scientifiques et techniques étaient notamment de caractériser les émissions de particules dans les effluents solides et gazeux en sortie four, d’évaluer l’efficacité des lignes de traitement des fumées, et de dégager des préconisations pour minimiser les risques associés. En s’appuyant sur le registre national R-nano recensant les substances à l’état particulaire, cinq gisements de déchets ont été identifiés et caractérisés : un déchet de carbone solide finement divisé, un déchet polymère organo-silicé [3], un déchet de peinture en phase aqueuse, un déchet polymère PVC souple avec 36% MS de chlore, un déchet solide de résines sulfoniques avec 15% MS de soufre. La présence de nanocharges a été confirmée dans tous les déchets, hormis dans le déchet soufré. Un dispositif d’incinération a été développé permettant d’approcher en laboratoire les Bonnes Pratiques mises en oeuvre industriellement. Les résultats ont montré pour tous les déchets testés, la présence de nanoparticules dans la chambre d’incinération en marche normale en quantités et compositions variables selon les déchets. De plus, les essais réalisés aux 2 températures d’incinération tendent à montrer que favoriser la montée en température permettrait de favoriser le frittage (Fig. 1) et ainsi réduire la fraction nanométrique en particules. Les particules ont également été caractérisées au coeur de la ligne d’épuration des fumées d’une unité industrielle spécialisée de déchets dangereux, sur un point de prélèvement situé en aval d’un précipitateur électrostatique et en amont des colonnes de lavage. Le prélèvement sur impacteurs montre une concentration massique de 14% en PM0.2, incluant la fraction inférieure à 100 nm, et un mode centré à 0,3 μm. La présence de nanoparticules n’a cependant pas été confirmée par analyse des images de microscopie électronique. L’efficacité des lignes de traitement des fumées d’incinération a été évaluée par le biais de l’étude de deux procédés, sec et humide. Le pilote de filtre à manche pulse-jet (100% PTFE) placé en conditions réalistes d’exploitation industrielle a permis de retenir dans les meilleures conditions plus de 99% en nombre des nanoparticules de carbone injectées (Fig. 2). Le pilote de colonne de lavage (spray d’eau à contre courant) a montré des efficacités de collecte significatives des nanoparticules de carbone : Eff moyenne de 60% et minimale de 40%, Fig. 3). Les projets ont permis d’identifier différents comportements des déchets vis-à-vis de la présence de nanoparticules dans les fumées : conservation, modification, disparition ou apparition (du fait de réactions impliquant les impuretés initialement présentes ou d’atomes contenus dans la structure moléculaire) de la nanostructuration. L’efficacité importante du filtre à manches, identifié comme Meilleure Technique Disponible, a été confirmée au laboratoire et l’étude des colonnes de lavage a mis en évidence le transfert en phase liquide des nanoparticules et pose la question du traitement des nanoparticules dans les rejets aqueux.

Published
2019

16. Influence of air humidity on particle filtration performance of a pulse-jet bag filter

Author

Rachid Boudhan, Aurélie Joubert, Kamal Gueraoui, Laurence Le Coq, Sylvain Durecu, IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Traitement Eau Air Métrologie (GEPEA-TEAM), Laboratoire de génie des procédés - environnement - agroalimentaire (GEPEA), Institut Universitaire de Technologie - Nantes (IUT Nantes), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie Saint-Nazaire (IUT Saint-Nazaire), Université de Nantes (UN)-Ecole Polytechnique de l'Université de Nantes (EPUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie - La Roche-sur-Yon (IUT La Roche-sur-Yon), Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie - Nantes (IUT Nantes), Université de Nantes (UN), Département Systèmes Energétiques et Environnement (IMT Atlantique - DSEE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Université Mohammed V de Rabat [Agdal], and Valorisation Energie-matière des Résidus et Traitement des Emissions (GEPEA-VERTE)

Subjects
Atmospheric Science, Flue gas, Environmental Engineering, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Clogging, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], law, [SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, Filtration, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes, Pressure drop, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Humidity, food and beverages, Particulates, Pulp and paper industry, Pollution, 6. Clean water, humanities, Incineration, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Particle, Environmental science
Abstract

International audience; A pulse-jet bag filter, representative of those implemented in waste incineration plants for flue gas treatment, was studied at laboratory scale to evaluate the influence of air humidity on the filtration performance. Several cycles of clogging/unclogging were performed with non-hygro-scopic submicronic particles with a nanosized fraction with on-line cleaning at operating conditions as similar as possible to those found in the flue gas treatment of waste incineration plants (150°C-73 g/m 3 of absolute humidity), and in dry conditions (150°C). The results revealed a significant influence of air humidity on the bag filter performance: faster increase of bag filter pressure drop during clogging in presence of humidity due to water capillary condensation, lower efficiency of particulate cake unclogging and better collection efficiency of particles between 110 and 300 nm in diameter.

Published
2019

17. Reactivity and deactivation mechanisms of pyrolysis chars from bio-waste during catalytic cracking of tar

Author

Claire Gerente, Sarah Berhanu, Anthony Chesnaud, Doan Pham Minh, Ange Nzihou, Hadi Dib, Laurence Le Coq, Elsa Weiss-Hortala, Maxime Hervy, Alain Thorel, Audrey Villot, Valorisation Energie-matière des Résidus et Traitement des Emissions (GEPEA-VERTE), Laboratoire de génie des procédés - environnement - agroalimentaire (GEPEA), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Polytechnique de l'Université de Nantes (EPUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie - Nantes (IUT Nantes), Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie Saint-Nazaire (IUT Saint-Nazaire), Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie - La Roche-sur-Yon (IUT La Roche-sur-Yon), Université de Nantes (UN)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL), Centre de recherche d'Albi en génie des procédés des solides divisés, de l'énergie et de l'environnement (RAPSODEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Centre des Matériaux (MAT), MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
020209 energy, 02 engineering and technology, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, Fluid catalytic cracking, Ethylbenzene, Catalysis, chemistry.chemical_compound, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], 020401 chemical engineering, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Char valorisation, Char, 0204 chemical engineering, Benzene, Tar cracking, Mechanical Engineering, Deactivation, Tar, Building and Construction, Coke, Cracking, Biochar, General Energy, Biomass and bio-wastes, chemistry, Chemical engineering, 13. Climate action, Pyrolysis
Abstract

International audience; The catalytic activity of pyrolysis chars from bio-waste was investigated for the cracking of model tar compounds (ethylbenzene and benzene). Two pyrolysis chars were produced at 700 °C from (1) used wood pallets (UWP), and (2) a 50/50 dry% mixture of food waste (FW) and coagulation-flocculation sludge (CFS). Steam activation at 850 °C was used to study the influence of the porous structure. While coke deposition is known to be responsible for the deactivation of carbonaceous chars and metal catalysts during tar cracking reactions, the deactivation of complex materials such as bio-waste chars has scarcely been studied. For this reason, special attention was paid on the relationships between the physicochemical properties of the chars, the operating conditions, and the deactivation mechanisms. To this aim, the cracking tests were performed over a wide temperature range: 400–650 °C for the ethylbenzene cracking, and 850–950 °C for benzene cracking. After the ethylbenzene cracking tests at 650 °C, the characterisations performed with SEM, BET, FTIR and Raman revealed that coke deposition was responsible for the char’s deactivation. The high specific surface area of activated chars explained their higher catalytic activity, and mesoporous catalysts were proved to be more resistant to coke deactivation than microporous catalysts. For these reasons, the higher ethylbenzene conversion (85.8%) was reached with the activated char from food waste and sludge (ac.FW/CFS). For benzene cracking at higher temperature (850 and 950 °C), the chars from food waste and sludge (FW/CFS) were the most active catalysts, despite their deactivation by the melting, diffusion and sintering of the inorganic species. This original deactivation mechanism, reported for the first time, led to the formation of an inorganic layer composed of P and Ca species at the char surface, with some areas rich in KCl and NaCl. Non-activated char from food waste and sludge (c.FW/CFS) was surprisingly proved to be more resistant to deactivation by inorganic species than the activated char (ac.FW/CFS) during the benzene cracking tests at 950 °C. This extended catalytic activity was explained by the activation of the non-activated char (c.FW/CFS) with the CO2 contained in the syngas which simultaneously developed the porosity and created new available active sites. This study marks a step forward in the understanding of the relationships between the deactivation mechanisms, the physicochemical properties of the chars, and the cracking temperature. Finally, a proposal for process integration is presented to consider the possibility to valorise the chars as catalysts to decompose the tar generated in the same pyro-gasification process.

Published
2019

18. Particle emission characterization when incinerating nanowastes using a lab scale tubular furnace operating at 1100°C

Author

Christophe Dutouquet, Laurent Meunier, Aurélie Joubert, Rachid Boudhan, Sylvain Durecu, Laurence Le Coq, Olivier Le Bihan, Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Laboratoire de génie des procédés - environnement - agroalimentaire (GEPEA), Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Séché Environnement, Traitement Eau Air Métrologie (GEPEA-TEAM), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Polytechnique de l'Université de Nantes (EPUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie - Nantes (IUT Nantes), Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie Saint-Nazaire (IUT Saint-Nazaire), Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie - La Roche-sur-Yon (IUT La Roche-sur-Yon), Université de Nantes (UN)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL), Département Systèmes Energétiques et Environnement (IMT Atlantique - DSEE), IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Valorisation Energie-matière des Résidus et Traitement des Emissions (GEPEA-VERTE), Civs, Gestionnaire, Institut Universitaire de Technologie - Nantes (IUT Nantes), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie Saint-Nazaire (IUT Saint-Nazaire), Université de Nantes (UN)-Ecole Polytechnique de l'Université de Nantes (EPUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie - La Roche-sur-Yon (IUT La Roche-sur-Yon), Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie - Nantes (IUT Nantes), and Université de Nantes (UN)

Subjects
[SDE] Environmental Sciences, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

Nanotechnology is said to be the industry of the 21st century. The production of nanoproducts keeps growing at a rapid pace. Consequently, the need to anticipate how to deal with these products at each step of their life cycle is more and more necessary. Nanowaste management including product incineration is to be investigated to assess the impact it could have both on human health and the environment. The growing number of registrations of nanoscale substances (R-Nano in France) clearly demonstrates that the amount of nanowaste to be processed in waste treatment plants will increase in years to come. Though to date French and European regulations relative to nanowaste management do not exist, recommendations may at least be delivered to minimize possible impact on the environment and human health. Data on nanowaste incineration are still scarce. This motivates to better understand the phenomena at stake. Little is known yet about nanowaste incineration and the ensuing fate of nanoparticles. In addition, literature is scarce. In this context, the Nanowet project supported by the ADEME agency was set up to complement the existing studies. It focuses on the treatment of halogenand sulfur- containing nanowaste by elevated temperature incineration (1100°C). The objective is threefold, namely to assess the influence of (i) high temperature on the whole process (ii) the effect of the presence of acid gases in the fumes on particle emission and (iii) the effect of the wet scrubber technology installed in the waste treatment plant on nanoparticle capture efficiency. Three polymer wastes were selected and characterized for this project: two of these wastes contained nanofillers (silica and titanium dioxide) in addition with sulfur and chlorine. A lab scale horizontal tubular furnace operating with a temperature of 1100°C was utilized at INERIS nanosafety laboratory for the Nanowet experiments. Criteria relative to combustion requirements when incinerating products were carefully checked. Four series of experiments were carried out. The first three implied the incineration of each waste one after the other. The last series involved the incineration of a mix of the three wastes. It should be noted that at least four incineration experiments were carried out for each series. Eventually, the obtained results make it possible determining the fate of the nanoparticles and the impact of the mix of the three wastes on nanoparticle release.

Published
2018

19. Design of lab-scale spraying scrubber for the study of submicronic and nano-particles collection in flue-gas incineration

Author

Aurélie Joubert, Rachid Boudhan, Sylvain Durecu, Olivier Le Bihan, Christophe Dutouquet, Laurence Le Coq, Traitement Eau Air Métrologie (GEPEA-TEAM), Laboratoire de génie des procédés - environnement - agroalimentaire (GEPEA), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Polytechnique de l'Université de Nantes (EPUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie - Nantes (IUT Nantes), Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie Saint-Nazaire (IUT Saint-Nazaire), Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie - La Roche-sur-Yon (IUT La Roche-sur-Yon), Université de Nantes (UN)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL), Département Systèmes Energétiques et Environnement (IMT Atlantique - DSEE), IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Séché Environnement, Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), and Valorisation Energie-matière des Résidus et Traitement des Emissions (GEPEA-VERTE)

Subjects
[SDE]Environmental Sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2018

20. Catalytic cracking of ethylbenzene as tar surrogate using pyrolysis chars from wastes

Author

Maxime Hervy, Laurence Le Coq, Ange Nzihou, Doan Pham Minh, Audrey Villot, Claire Gerente, Elsa Weiss-Hortala, Centre de recherche d'Albi en génie des procédés des solides divisés, de l'énergie et de l'environnement (RAPSODEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Laboratoire de génie des procédés - environnement - agroalimentaire (GEPEA), Institut Universitaire de Technologie - Nantes (IUT Nantes), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie Saint-Nazaire (IUT Saint-Nazaire), Université de Nantes (UN)-Ecole Polytechnique de l'Université de Nantes (EPUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie - La Roche-sur-Yon (IUT La Roche-sur-Yon), Université de Nantes (UN), Valorisation Energie-matière des Résidus et Traitement des Emissions (GEPEA-VERTE), Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie - Nantes (IUT Nantes), Département Systèmes Energétiques et Environnement (IMT Atlantique - DSEE), IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Polytechnique de l'Université de Nantes (EPUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie - Nantes (IUT Nantes), Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie Saint-Nazaire (IUT Saint-Nazaire), Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie - La Roche-sur-Yon (IUT La Roche-sur-Yon), Université de Nantes (UN)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL), and Université de Nantes (UN)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST)

Subjects
020209 energy, Activated carbon, Tarreforming, 02 engineering and technology, Fluid catalytic cracking, 7. Clean energy, Ethylbenzene, 12. Responsible consumption, Styrene, chemistry.chemical_compound, Boudouard reaction, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Char, Waste Management and Disposal, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, Chemistry, Tar, Forestry, Syngas, 6. Clean water, Chemical engineering, Catalytic cracking, 13. Climate action, Agronomy and Crop Science, Pyrolysis
Abstract

International audience; This paper aims at studying the catalytic activity of waste-derived chars for the reforming of a tar compound (ethylbenzene), and to identify the relationships between the modification process, the physicochemical properties and their resulting catalytic behaviour. Two chars were produced by pyrolysis: (1) used wood pallets (UWP), and (2) a mixture of food waste (FW) and coagulation-flocculation sludge (CFS) from wastewater treatment plant. Two chemical-free modification processes were separately applied to the pyrolysis chars: a gas phase oxygenation at 280 °C, or a steam activation at 850 °C. At 650 °C, the ethylbenzene conversion due to thermal cracking was significantly increased by the catalytic activity of the chars (from 37.2 up to 85.8%). Ethylbenzene was decomposed into six molecules: hydrogen, carbon dioxide, ethylene, benzene, styrene, and toluene. Cracking, oxidative dehydrogenation, and hydrogenolysis reactions were involved in the decomposition mechanism of ethylbenzene. The catalytic efficiency of the char was also discussed based on the energy transferred from tar to syngas during tar cracking reactions. The characterization, performed with SEM, XRD, Raman, XRF, BET and TPD-μGC, evidenced that the presence of mineral species in the metallic form strongly increased the syngas production and quality by catalysing aromatic-ring opening reactions and Boudouard reaction. The oxidation of mineral species, occurring during the oxygenation process, decreased the char efficiency, while rising SBET increased the syngas production for UWP-based chars. This study demonstrated that waste-based chars were efficient catalysts to convert the lost energy contained in tar into useful syngas, thus increasing simultaneously the syngas yield and quality.

Published
2018

21. NANOWET project : characterization of nanoparticle emission from high temperature incineration of nano-/halogen-/sulfur-containing wastes and performances of wet-scrubber units

Author

Aurélie Joubert, Rachid Boudhan, Christophe Dutouquet, Danielle Venditti, Sylvain Durecu, Emmanuel Fiani, Olivier Le Bihan, Laurence Le Coq, Laboratoire de génie des procédés - environnement - agroalimentaire (GEPEA), Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Séché Environnement, Agence de l'Environnement et de la Maîtrise de l'Energie (ADEME), Traitement Eau Air Métrologie (GEPEA-TEAM), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Polytechnique de l'Université de Nantes (EPUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie - Nantes (IUT Nantes), Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie Saint-Nazaire (IUT Saint-Nazaire), Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie - La Roche-sur-Yon (IUT La Roche-sur-Yon), Université de Nantes (UN)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL), Département Systèmes Energétiques et Environnement (IMT Atlantique - DSEE), IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Valorisation Energie-matière des Résidus et Traitement des Emissions (GEPEA-VERTE), Institut Universitaire de Technologie - Nantes (IUT Nantes), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie Saint-Nazaire (IUT Saint-Nazaire), Université de Nantes (UN)-Ecole Polytechnique de l'Université de Nantes (EPUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie - La Roche-sur-Yon (IUT La Roche-sur-Yon), Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie - Nantes (IUT Nantes), Université de Nantes (UN), and Civs, Gestionnaire

Subjects
[SDE] Environmental Sciences, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

In order to address the health and environmental problems potentially raised by the incineration of nanowastes, the NanoWet project (supported by the French Agency for Environment and Energy Management -ADEME- CORTEA funding scheme - Grant No. 1581C0096) focuses on the treatment of nanowastes by high-Temperature (T) incineration required when halogen- and sulfur-containing wastes are disposed of. The objectives of the project are i) to assess the effect of both high postcombustion T of 1,100°C and presence of acid gases in raw fumes, on the potential emission and behaviour of nanoparticles originating from nanowaste incineration, and ii) to quantify downstream nanoparticle capture by the wet-scrubbers equipping the fume treatment lines before the exhaust. First, three wastes were selected and characterized: PDMS waste from polyorganosiloxane polymerization processes containing 24.4% dwt of SiO2 nano-fillers (waste previously studied in the framework of NanoFlueGas project [1]); soft PVC from flexible PolyVinyl Chloride production containing 36% dwt of Cl and nano-fillers mainly composed of TiO2; Resin waste from soiled strong acid cation exchange resins of sulfonic type exhibiting 15.4% dwt of S, but no nano-filler type identified. A lab-scale incinerator device composed of a tubular horizontal furnace was designed to operate in representative key conditions of a high-T incineration process dedicated to industrial wastes (T of 1,100°C in both combustion zones, residence time at least of two seconds in the post-combustion zone, air excess from primary and secondary air flows contributing to achieve adequate turbulence conditions). A fume sampling device allows to characterize O2, CO2, CO, SO2, HCl contents as well as particulate matter concentrations in various granulometric ranges. When present, the solid residue after incineration is analyzed to estimate the presence of nano-fillers. Incineration tests were carried out in single-waste or mixed loads. The interactions between the PDMS nanowaste and the halogen- /sulfur- wastes will be discussed in terms of behavior/fate of particles in the fumes. In order to study the performances of wet-scrubbers regarding nanoparticle capture, a lab-scale spraying scrubber will be developed based on real data inferred through a measurement campaign which was carried out on a full-scale industrial unit (TREDI - Groupe Séché Environnement), out of specific incineration of nanowastes but in prevalence condition of halogen-/sulfur-containing wastes. In particular, the particle concentration and size distribution were measured in the core-process, at the inlet of the wet-scrubber columns (after dedusting by electrofiltration). The lab-scale spraying scrubber will thus operate in realistic conditions of temperature, humidity, particle load, liquid/gas ratio, height/diameter ratio of the column, residence time, turbulent flow regime, droplet diameter and relative velocity between particles and droplets.

Published
2018

22. CHARACTERIZATION OF INDUSTRIAL WASTES IN RELATION WITH INCINERATION FUMES AND RESIDUE COMPOSITION

Author

Laurence Le Coq, Aurélie Joubert, Rachid Boudhan, Christophe Dutouquet, Danielle Venditti, Sylvain Durecu, Emmanuel Fiani, Olivier Le Bihan, Traitement Eau Air Métrologie (GEPEA-TEAM), Laboratoire de génie des procédés - environnement - agroalimentaire (GEPEA), Institut Universitaire de Technologie - Nantes (IUT Nantes), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie Saint-Nazaire (IUT Saint-Nazaire), Université de Nantes (UN)-Ecole Polytechnique de l'Université de Nantes (EPUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie - La Roche-sur-Yon (IUT La Roche-sur-Yon), Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie - Nantes (IUT Nantes), Université de Nantes (UN), Département Systèmes Energétiques et Environnement (IMT Atlantique - DSEE), IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Valorisation Energie-matière des Résidus et Traitement des Emissions (GEPEA-VERTE), Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Séché Environnement, Agence de l'Environnement et de la Maîtrise de l'Energie (ADEME), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Polytechnique de l'Université de Nantes (EPUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie - Nantes (IUT Nantes), Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie Saint-Nazaire (IUT Saint-Nazaire), Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie - La Roche-sur-Yon (IUT La Roche-sur-Yon), Université de Nantes (UN)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL), Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Civs, Gestionnaire

Subjects
[SDE] Environmental Sciences, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

This study is part of the NanoWet project funded by the French Environment & Energy Management Agency (Ademe) (CORTEA funding scheme Grant 1581C0096). Before performing incineration trials, our aim was to characterize three industrial wastes potentially harboring nano-fillers, with two out of three also containing halogenated or sulfur compounds. The wastes are respectively by-products from i) polyorganosiloxane polymerization processes (PDMS), ii) flexible PolyVinyl Chloride production (soft PVC) and, iii) soiled strong acid cation exchange resins of sulfonic type (Resin). The PDMS waste was previously studied in the framework of NanoFlueGas project. The three wastes were first characterized in terms of ultimate and proximate analysis, with a particular focus on their respective moisture, ash, heavy and alkali metals, halogens and sulfur contents, as well as on their TGA curves and Higher Heating Values. The nano-fillers contained in the wastes were evaluated regarding their morphology, size distribution and chemical composition, by using the Cryo-ultramicrotome-Transmission Electron Microscopy technique. The PDMS waste contains SiO2 nano-fillers estimated to 24.4% dwt. The soft PVC waste contains 36% dwt Cl as well as nano-fillers mainly composed of TiO2. The Resin waste exhibits a high sulfur content of 15.4% dwt, but it does not contain any nano-fillers even though the resin polymer itself is typically intrinsically nano-structured. The three wastes were incinerated separately in a custom-built lab-scale incinerator device composed of a tubular horizontal furnace adapted to control the combustion conditions (within both the combustion and post-combustion zones) to be representative to the key operating conditions of a high-temperature incineration process dedicated to industrial wastes. Temperature (T) is equal to 1,100°C in the combustion and post-combustion zones, residence time is maintained to at least two seconds in the post-combustion zone, sufficient air excess is provided so as to never drop below 11% O2 content in fluegas, by appropriately feeding primary and secondary air flows, which also contributes to achieve adequate turbulence conditions (by enabling a good mix between combustible and oxygen). A fume sampling device allows to characterize O2, CO2, CO, SO2, HCl contents as well as particulate matter concentrations in various granulometric ranges. When present, the solid residue remaining in the furnace at the end of incineration trial is analyzed to estimate the presence of nano-fillers in this solid fraction. The results showed in particular significant concentrations of HCl and SO2 in the raw fumes originating respectively from the incineration of soft PVC and Resin, in full agreement with their proximate analysis. High content of titanium was found in the soft PVC solid residue. Data from highT incineration of PDMS were interestingly compared with previous results obtained at 850°C.

Published
2018

23. Particle emission characterization when incinerating halogen- and sulfur- containing nanowaste using a lab scale tubular furnace operating at 1100°C

Author

Christophe Dutouquet, Laurent Meunier, Aurélie Joubert, Boudhan, R., Sylvain Durecu, Laurence Le Coq, Olivier Le Bihan, Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Traitement Eau Air Métrologie (GEPEA-TEAM), Laboratoire de génie des procédés - environnement - agroalimentaire (GEPEA), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Polytechnique de l'Université de Nantes (EPUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie - Nantes (IUT Nantes), Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie Saint-Nazaire (IUT Saint-Nazaire), Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie - La Roche-sur-Yon (IUT La Roche-sur-Yon), Université de Nantes (UN)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL), Département Systèmes Energétiques et Environnement (IMT Atlantique - DSEE), IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Séché Environnement, Valorisation Energie-matière des Résidus et Traitement des Emissions (GEPEA-VERTE), Institut Universitaire de Technologie - Nantes (IUT Nantes), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie Saint-Nazaire (IUT Saint-Nazaire), Université de Nantes (UN)-Ecole Polytechnique de l'Université de Nantes (EPUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie - La Roche-sur-Yon (IUT La Roche-sur-Yon), Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie - Nantes (IUT Nantes), Université de Nantes (UN), Civs, Gestionnaire, Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), and Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SDE] Environmental Sciences, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

Nanotechnology is said to be the industry of the 21st century. The production of nanoproducts keeps growing at a rapid pace. In November 2016 in France, the 4th annual declaration on imported, distributed and manufactured nanoscale substances reported a total number of registrations four times that of year 2013. Consequently, the need to anticipate how to deal with these products at each step of their life cycle is more and more necessary. Nanowaste management including product incineration is to be investigated to assess the impact it could have both on human health and the environment. The growing number of registrations of nanoscale substances clearly demonstrates that the amount of nanowaste to be processed in waste treatment plant will increase in years to come. Though to date French and European regulations relative to nanowaste management do not exist, recommendations may at least be delivered to minimize possible impact on the environment and human health. Data on nanowaste incineration are still scarce, which motivates considering this question to better understand the phenomena at stake...

Published
2018

24. Photocatalytic oxidation of VOCs at ppb level using a closed-loop reactor: The mixture effect

Author

O. Debono, Nadine Locoge, Frederic Thevenet, Laurence Le Coq, Cécile Raillard, Valérie Hequet, Département Systèmes Energétiques et Environnement (IMT Atlantique - DSEE), IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Traitement Eau Air Métrologie (GEPEA-TEAM), Laboratoire de génie des procédés - environnement - agroalimentaire (GEPEA), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Polytechnique de l'Université de Nantes (EPUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie - Nantes (IUT Nantes), Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie Saint-Nazaire (IUT Saint-Nazaire), Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie - La Roche-sur-Yon (IUT La Roche-sur-Yon), Université de Nantes (UN)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL), Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre for Energy and Environment (CERI EE), Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Lille Douai (IMT Lille Douai), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Université de Nantes (UN)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes)-Université de Nantes - Faculté des Sciences et des Techniques, Université de Lille, and École des Mines de Douai (Mines Douai EMD)

Subjects
Pollutant, Trichloroethylene, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, Process Chemistry and Technology, Acetaldehyde, Formaldehyde, 02 engineering and technology, Decane, [CHIM.CATA]Chemical Sciences/Catalysis, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Toluene, Catalysis, 0104 chemical sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Environmental chemistry, Photocatalysis, Degradation (geology), [SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, 0210 nano-technology, General Environmental Science
Abstract

International audience; An investigation of the photocatalytic degradation of indoor air model pollutants: toluene, n-decane and tri-chloroethylene (TCE), as single contaminants and in a mixture is proposed. The degradation of these contaminants was performed in a continuous closed-loop reactor operating in recirculation mode. Degradations were conducted at ppb level concentrations and under humid conditions (RH = 50%) in order to be closer to real applications of photocatalytic oxidation (PCO) systems developed for indoor air quality improvement. Accurate analytical methods were developed to identify and quantify the majority of the potential formed intermediates. Kinetic constants and the time constant of degradation were obtained for the model pollutants. Under these conditions, the degradation of the three VOCs in a mixture did not really show a decrease in the kinetic rates. Toluene and decane degradations were slightly slowed down when they were in a mixture but no significant interference was demonstrated with TCE. The intermediates formed during the PCO of the mixture of VOCs were the same as those identified during single degradation, leading to the hypothesis of few interactions between them. Only the formation and degradation of secondary intermediates, mostly composed of aldehydes, were time delayed. The total VOC concentration may lead to a competitive adsorption that seemed more sensitive for the last formed oxygenated intermediates. This investigation points out the need to always monitor the last formed aldehyde intermediates. Monitoring acetaldehyde and formaldehyde enables an evaluation of the efficiency and a better design of future PCO systems for indoor applications.

Published
2018

25. Development of an analytical model to account for local porosity variations and anisotropy effects on the permeability of fibrous media

Author

Felicie Theron, Sonia Fidder-Woudberg, Elisabeth Lys, Laurence Le Coq, Traitement Eau Air Métrologie (GEPEA-TEAM), Laboratoire de génie des procédés - environnement - agroalimentaire (GEPEA), Institut Universitaire de Technologie - Nantes (IUT Nantes), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie Saint-Nazaire (IUT Saint-Nazaire), Université de Nantes (UN)-Ecole Polytechnique de l'Université de Nantes (EPUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie - La Roche-sur-Yon (IUT La Roche-sur-Yon), Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie - Nantes (IUT Nantes), Université de Nantes (UN), Département Systèmes Energétiques et Environnement (IMT Atlantique - DSEE), IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Laboratoire SUBATECH Nantes (SUBATECH), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes), Laboratoire de physique subatomique et des technologies associées (SUBATECH), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Valorisation Energie-matière des Résidus et Traitement des Emissions (GEPEA-VERTE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Théron, Félicie, Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Polytechnique de l'Université de Nantes (EPUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie - Nantes (IUT Nantes), Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie Saint-Nazaire (IUT Saint-Nazaire), Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie - La Roche-sur-Yon (IUT La Roche-sur-Yon), Université de Nantes (UN)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), and Université de Nantes (UN)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL)

Subjects
[SPI.GPROC] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, [SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, [SDE.IE] Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2018

26. H2S removal from syngas using wastes pyrolysis chars

Author

Claire Gerente, Doan Pham Minh, Maxime Hervy, Ange Nzihou, Elsa Weiss-Hortala, Audrey Villot, Laurence Le Coq, Centre de recherche d'Albi en génie des procédés des solides divisés, de l'énergie et de l'environnement (RAPSODEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Valorisation Energie-matière des Résidus et Traitement des Emissions (GEPEA-VERTE), Laboratoire de génie des procédés - environnement - agroalimentaire (GEPEA), Institut Universitaire de Technologie - Nantes (IUT Nantes), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie Saint-Nazaire (IUT Saint-Nazaire), Université de Nantes (UN)-Ecole Polytechnique de l'Université de Nantes (EPUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie - La Roche-sur-Yon (IUT La Roche-sur-Yon), Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie - Nantes (IUT Nantes), Université de Nantes (UN), Département Systèmes Energétiques et Environnement (IMT Atlantique - DSEE), IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Polytechnique de l'Université de Nantes (EPUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie - Nantes (IUT Nantes), Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie Saint-Nazaire (IUT Saint-Nazaire), Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie - La Roche-sur-Yon (IUT La Roche-sur-Yon), Université de Nantes (UN)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), and Université de Nantes (UN)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL)

Subjects
020209 energy, General Chemical Engineering, Activated carbon, 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Adsorption, Biochar, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, medicine, Environmental Chemistry, Char, Desulfurization, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Chemistry, Producer gas, General Chemistry, Gas cleaning, Waste valorization, 6. Clean water, Flue-gas desulfurization, Chemical engineering, 13. Climate action, Pyrolysis, medicine.drug, Syngas
Abstract

International audience; Pyrolysis chars from wastes were investigated as sorbents for H2S removal from syngas. The H2S removal tests were performed at ambient temperature in various dry gas matrices (N2, Air, Syngas) to study the effect of the gas composition on the adsorption efficiency. Two chars were produced by the pyrolysis of: used wood pallets (UWP), and a 50/50% mixture of food waste (FW) and coagulation-flocculation sludge (CFS). The chars were functionalized by low-cost processes without chemicals: gas phase oxygenation and steam activation. Activated chars were the most efficient materials due to their large specific surface area, alkaline pH, basic O-containing groups and structural defects in graphene-like sheets. Raman analysis evidenced that inherent mineral species (especially Ca and Fe) increased the H2S removal efficiency by promoting the formation of metal sulfide and metal sulphate species at the char surface. Mesopores lower than 70 Å were revealed to be important adsorption sites. Under dry Syngas matrix, the chars remained efficient and selective toward H2S removal despite the presence of CO2, while O2 in the Air matrix decreased their removal capacity due to the formation of sulfur acid species. The most efficient material was the steam activated char from FW/CFS, with a removal capacity of 65 mgH2S.g−1 under dry syngas. This char was proved to be completely regenerated with a thermal treatment under N2 at 750 °C. This study demonstrated that activated chars from food waste and sludge could be used as eco-friendly, affordable, and selective materials for syngas desulfurization even under dry atmosphere.

Published
2018

27. Influence of wall air flow properties on the resuspension kinetics of microparticles in ventilated duct under accelerated flow

Author

Felicie Theron, Djihad Debba, Laurence Le Coq, Théron, Félicie, Traitement Eau Air Métrologie (GEPEA-TEAM), Laboratoire de génie des procédés - environnement - agroalimentaire (GEPEA), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Polytechnique de l'Université de Nantes (EPUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie - Nantes (IUT Nantes), Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie Saint-Nazaire (IUT Saint-Nazaire), Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie - La Roche-sur-Yon (IUT La Roche-sur-Yon), Université de Nantes (UN)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL), Département Systèmes Energétiques et Environnement (IMT Atlantique - DSEE), IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Universitaire de Technologie - Nantes (IUT Nantes), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie Saint-Nazaire (IUT Saint-Nazaire), Université de Nantes (UN)-Ecole Polytechnique de l'Université de Nantes (EPUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie - La Roche-sur-Yon (IUT La Roche-sur-Yon), Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie - Nantes (IUT Nantes), and Université de Nantes (UN)

Subjects
[SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, [SPI.GPROC] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, [SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, [SDE.IE] Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2018

28. Compressive Sensing Approach for Fast Antenna Far Field Characterization

Author

Benjamin Fuchs, Sebastien Rondineau, Marco Donald Migliore, Laurence Le Coq, Institut d'Électronique et des Technologies du numéRique (IETR), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Brasilia [Brazil] (UnB), Università degli studi di Cassino e del Lazio Meridionale (UNICAS), European Geosciences Union, EGUEuropean Regional Development Fund, FEDER SOPHIE / STICEuropean Regional Development Fund, FEDER, Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Nantes Université (NU)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1)

Subjects
Antenna pattern, Materials science, Acoustics, Nera-field measurements, 020208 electrical & electronic engineering, Antennas, Nera-field measurements, Compressed sensing, 020206 networking & telecommunications, Near and far field, 02 engineering and technology, Compressive sensing, Antenna measurements, Characterization (materials science), Compact antenna test range, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Compressed sensing, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Antennas, Antenna (radio), Spherical harmonics
Abstract

International audience; A compressive sensing approach is proposed to speed up the measurement of antenna far field patterns. The antenna pattern is expanded into spherical harmonics providing a sparse representation of the field. Readily available algorithms can then be used to reconstruct the field from a reduced number of samples compared to conventional approaches. This strategy leads to important savings in the number of measurement points as shown in various experimental examples. © Institution of Engineering and Technology.All Rights Reserved.

Published
2018

29. Pulse-Jet Bag Filter Performances for Treatment of Submicronic and Nanosized Particles from Waste Incineration

Author

Aurélie Joubert, Danielle Venditti, Laurence Le Coq, Sylvain Durecu, Rachid Boudhan, Dinh Trinh Tran, Kamal Gueraoui, Université Mohammed V de Rabat [Agdal], Département Systèmes Energétiques et Environnement (IMT Atlantique - DSEE), IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Laboratoire de génie des procédés - environnement - agroalimentaire (GEPEA), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Polytechnique de l'Université de Nantes (EPUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie - Nantes (IUT Nantes), Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie Saint-Nazaire (IUT Saint-Nazaire), Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie - La Roche-sur-Yon (IUT La Roche-sur-Yon), Université de Nantes (UN)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL), Traitement Eau Air Métrologie (GEPEA-TEAM), Université de Nantes (UN)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Séché Environnement, Valorisation Energie-matière des Résidus et Traitement des Emissions (GEPEA-VERTE), and Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)

Subjects
Flue gas, Environmental Engineering, Materials science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Waste management, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, Airflow, 010501 environmental sciences, Combustion, 01 natural sciences, 6. Clean water, Baghouse, Aerosol, Incineration, Clogging, Particle-size distribution, [SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, Waste Management and Disposal, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

The main objectives of this study were to develop an experimental set-up to perform clogging/unclogging tests on a single baghouse fabric filter, and to evaluate its filtration performance regarding submicronic and nanosized particles, for operating conditions as close as possible to those found in real-scale waste incineration facilities in terms of gas flowrate, temperature and humidity, inlet concentrations for both the dust and the sorbent, the pressure and duration of the cleaning pulse-jet. The performances of a bag filter during several clogging/unclogging cycles were evaluated regarding the filtration of a submicronic aerosol whose particle size distribution is representative of nanowaste incineration emissions at the boiler outlet. In order to reproduce the real operating conditions in the flue gas treatment line, the airflow and the bag filter were heated to 150 °C and the filtration unit was insulated. The water content was maintained in the airflow in the range of 10–12% (i.e. 3% relative humidity) by water injection and the filtration velocity throughout the bag filter was 2 cm/s. Moreover, a mix of suspended particles of activated carbon and sodium bicarbonate, used in flue gas treatment lines mainly for dioxin/furan and acid gas removal, were generated simultaneously with the submicronic aerosol. The results showed a high total particle collection efficiency of the bag filter, which increased rapidly with clogging from 98 to 99.99%. Particles with a diameter of 90 nm were the most penetrating across the filter, for which the fractional efficiency reached a minimum value of 97.5%. These results demonstrated the effectiveness of bag filters for submicronic and nanosized particle filtration in industrial conditions for the treatment of waste incineration fumes.

Published
2018

30. Advanced characterization unravels the structure and reactivity of wood-based chars

Author

Matthieu Faessel, Ange Nzihou, Henry Proudhon, Sarah Berhanu, Claire Gérente, Elsa Weiss-Hortala, Doan Pham Minh, Andrew King, Audrey Villot, Maxime Hervy, Anthony Chesnaud, Laurence Le Coq, Alain Thorel, Marie-Hélène Berger, Centre des Matériaux (MAT), MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de génie des procédés - environnement - agroalimentaire (GEPEA), Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de recherche d'Albi en génie des procédés des solides divisés, de l'énergie et de l'environnement (RAPSODEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Centre de Morphologie Mathématique (CMM), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Synchrotron SOLEIL (SSOLEIL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Valorisation Energie-matière des Résidus et Traitement des Emissions (GEPEA-VERTE), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Polytechnique de l'Université de Nantes (EPUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie - Nantes (IUT Nantes), Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie Saint-Nazaire (IUT Saint-Nazaire), Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie - La Roche-sur-Yon (IUT La Roche-sur-Yon), Université de Nantes (UN)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL), Département Systèmes Energétiques et Environnement (IMT Atlantique - DSEE), and IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique)

Subjects
microtomography, Materials science, Scanning electron microscope, 020209 energy, 02 engineering and technology, Analytical Chemistry, law.invention, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, symbols.namesake, law, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, [SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, Char, Porosity, Wood char, electron microscopy, Graphene, Characterization (materials science), structural characterization, X-ray diffraction, Fuel Technology, Chemical engineering, Transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, symbols, Pyrolysis
Abstract

International audience; This study aims at understanding the structural changes occurring in the carbonaceous matrix of wood-based chars during their thermal conversion. Although chars are routinely characterized by porosity measurements or scanning electron microscopy, the composition and structure of the carbonaceous matrix is often not investigated. Here, advanced characterization using X-ray synchrotron microtomography, transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction provided a precise description of the char properties, allowing for an accurate discussion of their catalytic properties. Two chars were produced by slow pyrolysis of wood waste (400 and 700 °C) and a third one was fabricated by activation under steam at 850 °C of the char obtained at 700 °C. The results show that the pyrolysis temperature and the activation performed did not affect the macrostructure of the chars and that the pores were interconnected at the macroscopic scale. However, at 700 °C, the micro- and nanostructures were modified: short-range organized graphene fringes were observed. The activated char showed a homogeneous microstructure similar to that of its precursor. Besides, the ratio of graphene-like structures, the local organization of graphene sheets, and the imperfections in graphene-like sheets were clearly improved by the post-treatment. To our knowledge, this is the first time that such an approach, combining various tools, is applied for the study of pyrolysis chars.

Published
2018

31. VOC ternary mixture effect on ppb level photocatalytic oxidation: Removal kinetic, reaction intermediates and mineralization

Author

Valérie Hequet, Laurence Le Coq, Frederic Thevenet, Nadine Locoge, O. Debono, Laboratoire de génie des procédés - environnement - agroalimentaire (GEPEA), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Polytechnique de l'Université de Nantes (EPUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie - Nantes (IUT Nantes), Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie Saint-Nazaire (IUT Saint-Nazaire), Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie - La Roche-sur-Yon (IUT La Roche-sur-Yon), Université de Nantes (UN)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL), Traitement Eau Air Métrologie (GEPEA-TEAM), Université de Nantes (UN)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Département Systèmes Energétiques et Environnement (IMT Atlantique - DSEE), IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), École des Mines de Douai (Mines Douai EMD), Université de Lille, Institut Universitaire de Technologie - Nantes (IUT Nantes), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie Saint-Nazaire (IUT Saint-Nazaire), Université de Nantes (UN)-Ecole Polytechnique de l'Université de Nantes (EPUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-École nationale vétérinaire, agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie - La Roche-sur-Yon (IUT La Roche-sur-Yon), Université de Nantes (UN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie - Nantes (IUT Nantes), and IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique)

Subjects
Trichloroethylene, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, Process Chemistry and Technology, Batch reactor, Concentration effect, 02 engineering and technology, Reaction intermediate, Mineralization (soil science), Decane, [CHIM.CATA]Chemical Sciences/Catalysis, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Toluene, Catalysis, 0104 chemical sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Environmental chemistry, Photocatalysis, [SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, 0210 nano-technology, General Environmental Science
Abstract

International audience; This work addresses photocatalytic oxidation for indoor air purification and more especially the key and realistic issue of VOC mixture treatment. The VOC mixture effect needs to be investigated since indoor air contains several tens of VOCs which may impact photocatalytic oxidation performances. In order to be closer to realistic conditions, concentrations in the ppb range were used and toluene, decane and trichloroethylene (TCE) were treated first as single compounds, then as an equimolar ternary mixture under the same experimental conditions. In a 120 L batch reactor, VOC removal kinetics, reaction inter-mediates and CO 2 mineralization are addressed using dedicated analytical devices compliant with typical ppb level monitoring. Regarding removal kinetics, the mixture effect affects the three VOCs. Regarding toluene and decane removal kinetic, the mixture effect is evidenced as mostly equivalent to a concentration effect, however TCE kinetic is further impacted. From the reaction intermediate point of view, the accurate monitoring of transiently produced intermediates evidences for the first time cross-reactivity between reaction intermediates originating from different primary VOCs. This phenomenon leading to novel reaction intermediate is mostly induced by chlorinated species produced by TCE degradation but remains moderate. An increase in VOC initial concentration to upper ppb levels emphasized a sequential degradation of primary VOC which may be related to competitive adsorption even on such a low concentration range. Finally, even if the mixture effect delays the removal of the primary VOCs, mineralization is slightly modified and, unlike formerly reported experiments on ppm range, final mineralization rates are equivalent under single or mixture condition at ppb levels. This work highlights the fact that photo-catalytic treatment of VOC mixtures cannot be directly extrapolated from single VOC behaviour even at ppb level.

Published
2017

32. Improvement in 8h-sampling rate assessment considering meteorological parameters variability for biogas VOC passive measurements in the surroundings of a French landfill

Author

Marie Verriele, Nadine Locoge, Laurence Le Coq, Laurence Depelchin, Nadine Allam, Centre for Energy and Environment (CERI EE), Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Lille Douai (IMT Lille Douai), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Laboratoire de génie des procédés - environnement - agroalimentaire (GEPEA), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Polytechnique de l'Université de Nantes (EPUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie - Nantes (IUT Nantes), Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie Saint-Nazaire (IUT Saint-Nazaire), Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie - La Roche-sur-Yon (IUT La Roche-sur-Yon), and Université de Nantes (UN)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL)

Subjects
Time Factors, Meteorological parameters, 010501 environmental sciences, Atmospheric sciences, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Chemistry Techniques, Analytical, Wind speed, Analytical Chemistry, Degree (temperature), Diffusion, Atmosphere, chemistry.chemical_compound, Meteorology, Biogas, Limit of Detection, Experimental sampling rates, [SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, Diffusion (business), 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Volatile Organic Compounds, Biogas volatile organic compounds, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, business.industry, Chemistry, 010401 analytical chemistry, Uncertainty, Humidity, 0104 chemical sciences, Renewable energy, Waste Disposal Facilities, Isopentane, Passive sampling, 13. Climate action, Biofuels, Environmental chemistry, Seasons, Landfill, business
Abstract

WOS:000363346200042; International audience; Passive sampling technology has been extensively used for long-term VOC atmospheric concentrations' monitoring. Its performances regarding the short-term measurements and related to VOC from biogas were evaluated in this work: laboratory scale experiments have been conducted in order to check the suitability of Radiello (R) diffusive samplers for the assessment of 8 h-VOC levels in highly changeable meteorological conditions; in a second step a short pilot field campaign was implemented in the vicinity of a West-French landfill. First of all, it was assessed that amongst a diversified list of 16 characteristic compounds from biogas, mercaptans, some halogenated, oxygenated compounds and terpenes could not be measured accurately by this passive technique either because they are not captured by the sorbent or they are not quantitatively desorbed in the chosen mediated analytical conditions. Moreover, it has been confirmed that sampling rates (SR) related to isopentane, THF, cyclohexane, toluene, p-xylene and n-decane are influenced by environmental factors: the main influence concerns the wind speed. From 2 m s(-1), when the velocity increases by 1 m s(-1), the SR increases from 12 to 32% depending on the COV (considering a linear dependence between 2 and 7 m s(-1)). Humidity has no effect on SR, and temperature influence is rather limited to less than 3% per degree. A comprehensive uncertainty estimation, including uncertainties linked to meteorological changes, has led to global relative uncertainties comprising between 18% and 54% from one VOC to another: a quite high value comparatively to those obtained without considering meteorological condition influences. To illustrate our results, targeted VOC were quantified in the field, on a single day: concentrations range between LD to 3 mu g m(-3): relatively very low concentrations compared to those usually reported by literature.

Published
2015

33. Characterization of Polymer Waste Containing Nano-fillers Prior its End-of-Life Treatment

Author

Olivier Le Bihan, Emmanuel Fiani, Danielle Venditti, Aurélie Joubert, Dinh Trinh Tran, Thierry Meunier, Laurence Le Coq, Sylvain Durecu, Laboratoire de génie des procédés - environnement - agroalimentaire (GEPEA), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Polytechnique de l'Université de Nantes (EPUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie - Nantes (IUT Nantes), Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie Saint-Nazaire (IUT Saint-Nazaire), Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie - La Roche-sur-Yon (IUT La Roche-sur-Yon), Université de Nantes (UN)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL), Séché Environnement, Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Agence de l'Environnement et de la Maîtrise de l'Energie (ADEME), Valorisation Energie-matière des Résidus et Traitement des Emissions (GEPEA-VERTE), Université de Nantes (UN)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), and Ademe -CORTEA, projet NanoFlueGas

Subjects
Thermogravimetric analysis, Environmental Engineering, Materials science, Population, Infrared spectroscopy, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Nano-silica, Organic chemistry, [SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, education, Waste Management and Disposal, Waste characterization, chemistry.chemical_classification, education.field_of_study, Polydimethylsiloxane, End-of-life treatment, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, Nano-fillers, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, Polymer, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Nanowaste, 0104 chemical sciences, Chemical engineering, chemistry, Polymerization, Elemental analysis, Particle size, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

International audience; This study aimed to characterize a polymer waste, originating from polyorganosiloxane polymerization processes, prior its end-of-life treatment in order to identify and quantify the possibly contained nano-fillers. The polymer waste was first characterized in terms of its physical–chemical properties by combining different approaches and analytic techniques such as standard ultimate and elemental analysis or techniques like infrared spectroscopy or thermogravimetric analysis coupled with gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy to define the polymer waste molecular structure. The second step was devoted to identify and characterize the nano-fillers contained in the polymer waste, if any, in terms of particle size distribution, morphology and composition. Due to the thermal degradability of the polymer waste above 50 °C, the cryo-ultramicrotomy and the transmission electron microscopy techniques were used. Polydimethylsiloxane was identified as the core polymer unit, and the presence of the suspected SiO2 nano-fillers was confirmed, with three different morphologies detected: elongated and hexagonal, both found in the particle size range of 100–500 nm in diameter; and spherical, present in the population of particles ≤100 nm in diameter. In particular, a relatively large amount of K (2.81 wt%) was also identified in the waste. The mass content of SiO2 nano-fillers in the polymer waste was estimated to 24.4 wt%.

Published
2017

34. Quantification of the fungal fraction released from various preloaded fibrous filters during a simulated ventilation restart

Author

Kevin Morisseau, Yves Andres, Aurélie Joubert, Laurence Le Coq, Laboratoire de génie des procédés - environnement - agroalimentaire (GEPEA), Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Environmental Engineering, Materials science, Air Microbiology, Fraction (chemistry), 010501 environmental sciences, Penicillium chrysogenum, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, 03 medical and health sciences, law, medicine, European standard, Humans, Relative humidity, Filtration, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Air Pollutants, Analysis of Variance, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, 030111 toxicology, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Environmental engineering, Fungi, Building and Construction, Pulp and paper industry, Environment, Controlled, Ventilation, Water retention, Filter (aquarium), Air Pollution, Indoor, Ventilation (architecture), Microscopy, Electron, Scanning, Particle, medicine.symptom
Abstract

International audience; This study aimed to demonstrate that particles, especially those associated with fungi, could be released from fibrous filters used in the air-handling unit (AHU) of heating, ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems during ventilation restarts. Quantification of the water retention capacity and SEM pictures of the filters was used to show the potential for fungal proliferation in unused or preloaded filters. Five fibrous filters with various particle collection efficiencies were studied: classes G4, M5, M6, F7, and combined F7 according to European standard EN779:2012. Filters were clogged with micronized rice particles containing the fungus Penicillium chrysogenum and then incubated for three weeks at 25°C and 90% relative humidity. The results indicated that the five clogged tested filters had various fungal growth capacities depending on their water retention capacity. Preloaded filters were subjected to a simulated ventilation restart in a controlled filtration device to quantify that the fraction of particles released was around 1% for the G4, 0.1% for the M5 and the M6, and 0.001% for the F7 and the combined F7 filter. The results indicate that the likelihood of fungal particle release by low efficiency filters is significantly higher than by high efficiency filters.

Published
2017

35. Determination of the Clean Air Delivery Rate (CADR) of Photocatalytic Oxidation (PCO) Purifiers for Indoor Air Pollutants Using a Closed-Loop Reactor. Part II: Experimental Results

Author

Eric Dumont, Frederic Thevenet, Laurence Le Coq, Valérie Hequet, Frederic Batault, Cécile Raillard, Traitement Eau Air Métrologie (GEPEA-TEAM), Laboratoire de génie des procédés - environnement - agroalimentaire (GEPEA), Institut Universitaire de Technologie - Nantes (IUT Nantes), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie Saint-Nazaire (IUT Saint-Nazaire), Université de Nantes (UN)-Ecole Polytechnique de l'Université de Nantes (EPUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie - La Roche-sur-Yon (IUT La Roche-sur-Yon), Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie - Nantes (IUT Nantes), Université de Nantes (UN), Département Systèmes Energétiques et Environnement (IMT Atlantique - DSEE), IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Université de Lille, École des Mines de Douai (Mines Douai EMD), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Polytechnique de l'Université de Nantes (EPUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie - Nantes (IUT Nantes), Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie Saint-Nazaire (IUT Saint-Nazaire), Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie - La Roche-sur-Yon (IUT La Roche-sur-Yon), Université de Nantes (UN)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL), Université de Nantes (UN)-École nationale vétérinaire, agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), and IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique)

Subjects
photocatalysis, Clean Air Delivery Rate (CADR), indoor air quality, Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), air cleaner, Photochemistry, Analytical chemistry, Pharmaceutical Science, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Clean Air Delivery Rate, Catalysis, Article, Analytical Chemistry, lcsh:QD241-441, chemistry.chemical_compound, lcsh:Organic chemistry, Drug Discovery, [SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Volatile Organic Compounds, Plug flow, Chemistry, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, Organic Chemistry, Models, Theoretical, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Toluene, 0104 chemical sciences, Volumetric flow rate, Volume (thermodynamics), Air Filters, 13. Climate action, Chemistry (miscellaneous), Environmental chemistry, Air Pollution, Indoor, Photocatalysis, Molecular Medicine, Degradation (geology), 0210 nano-technology, Oxidation-Reduction, Intensity (heat transfer), Algorithms
Abstract

International audience; The performances of a laboratory PhotoCatalytic Oxidation (PCO) device were determined using a recirculation closed-loop pilot reactor. The closed-loop system was modeled by associating equations related to two ideal reactors: a perfectly mixed reservoir with a volume of V R = 0.42 m 3 and a plug flow system corresponding to the PCO device with a volume of V P = 5.6 × 10 −3 m 3. The PCO device was composed of a pleated photocatalytic filter (1100 cm 2) and two 18-W UVA fluorescent tubes. The Clean Air Delivery Rate (CADR) of the apparatus was measured under different operating conditions. The influence of three operating parameters was investigated: (i) light irradiance I from 0.10 to 2.0 mW·cm −2 ; (ii) air velocity v from 0.2 to 1.9 m·s −1 ; and (iii) initial toluene concentration C 0 (200, 600, 1000 and 4700 ppbv). The results showed that the conditions needed to apply a first-order decay model to the experimental data (described in Part I) were fulfilled. The CADR values, ranging from 0.35 to 3.95 m 3 ·h −1 , were mainly dependent on the light irradiance intensity. A square root influence of the light irradiance was observed. Although the CADR of the PCO device inserted in the closed-loop reactor did not theoretically depend on the flow rate (see Part I), the experimental results did not enable the confirmation of this prediction. The initial concentration was also a parameter influencing the CADR, as well as the toluene degradation rate. The maximum degradation rate r max ranged from 342 to 4894 ppbv/h. Finally, this study evidenced that a recirculation closed-loop pilot could be used to develop a reliable standard test method to assess the effectiveness of PCO devices.

Published
2017

36. Caractérisation de la structure poreuse d’un media fibreux pour la filtration d’air par porosimétrie et micro-tomographie X

Author

Felicie Theron, Elisabeth Lys, Bertrand Francois, Laurence Le Coq, Théron, Félicie, Traitement Eau Air Métrologie (GEPEA-TEAM), Laboratoire de génie des procédés - environnement - agroalimentaire (GEPEA), Institut Universitaire de Technologie - Nantes (IUT Nantes), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie Saint-Nazaire (IUT Saint-Nazaire), Université de Nantes (UN)-Ecole Polytechnique de l'Université de Nantes (EPUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie - La Roche-sur-Yon (IUT La Roche-sur-Yon), Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie - Nantes (IUT Nantes), Université de Nantes (UN), Département Systèmes Energétiques et Environnement (IMT Atlantique - DSEE), IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Laboratoire SUBATECH Nantes (SUBATECH), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes), Laboratoire de physique subatomique et des technologies associées (SUBATECH), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut de Recherche en Génie Civil et Mécanique (GeM), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-École Centrale de Nantes (ECN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Valorisation Energie-matière des Résidus et Traitement des Emissions (GEPEA-VERTE), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Polytechnique de l'Université de Nantes (EPUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie - Nantes (IUT Nantes), Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie Saint-Nazaire (IUT Saint-Nazaire), Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie - La Roche-sur-Yon (IUT La Roche-sur-Yon), Université de Nantes (UN)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), and Université de Nantes (UN)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL)

Subjects
[SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, [SPI.GPROC] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, [SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, [SDE.IE] Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2017

37. Numerical and experimental investigations of the influence of the pleat geometry on the pressure drop and velocity field of a pleated fibrous filter

Author

Félicie Theron, Laurence Le Coq, Aurélie Joubert, Traitement Eau Air Métrologie (GEPEA-TEAM), Laboratoire de génie des procédés - environnement - agroalimentaire (GEPEA), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Polytechnique de l'Université de Nantes (EPUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie - Nantes (IUT Nantes), Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie Saint-Nazaire (IUT Saint-Nazaire), Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie - La Roche-sur-Yon (IUT La Roche-sur-Yon), Université de Nantes (UN)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL), Département Systèmes Energétiques et Environnement (IMT Atlantique - DSEE), IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), and Valorisation Energie-matière des Résidus et Traitement des Emissions (GEPEA-VERTE)

Subjects
Pressure drop, Air velocity, Materials science, Field (physics), Airflow, Filtration and Separation, Geometry, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, CFD simulations, Mathematics::Geometric Topology, Pleated fibrous filter, Analytical Chemistry, law.invention, 020401 chemical engineering, law, Filter (video), Air handling unit, Pleat, Vector field, [SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, 0204 chemical engineering, 0210 nano-technology, Filtration
Abstract

International audience; The aim of this study is to combine numerical and experimental approaches to evaluate the influence of pleat geometrical parameters on the pressure drop and air velocity field at the vicinity of pleated fibrous filters. For a given filter, three different geometrical pleat configurations (with various pleat heights and widths) are investigated at similar filtration velocities. Numerical simulations are validated based on experimental measurements in terms of pressure drop versus filtration velocity, and enable the influence of the filter geometry on the air flow pattern in its vicinity to be investigated. The influence of filter geometry on the pressure drop is evaluated from experiments carried out in a lab-scale air handling unit. For this purpose, pleated filter prototypes were designed in the laboratory.

Published
2017

38. Performance of nonwoven geotextiles on soil drainage and filtration

Author

Yves Durkheim, Adeline Caylet, N. E. Sabiri, Agnès Montillet, Laurence Le Coq, Laboratoire de génie des procédés - environnement - agroalimentaire (GEPEA), Institut Universitaire de Technologie - Nantes (IUT Nantes), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie Saint-Nazaire (IUT Saint-Nazaire), Université de Nantes (UN)-Ecole Polytechnique de l'Université de Nantes (EPUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie - La Roche-sur-Yon (IUT La Roche-sur-Yon), Université de Nantes (UN), Institut de Recherche Dupuy de Lôme (IRDL), Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS), PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM), IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), and Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)

Subjects
filtration, porous media and structural parameters, Environmental Engineering, [SPI.GCIV.GEOTECH]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering/Géotechnique, 0211 other engineering and technologies, 02 engineering and technology, law.invention, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, law, Geotextile, efficiency, 021105 building & construction, Environmental science, Internal erosion, Geotechnical engineering, Drainage, Filtration, drainage, 021101 geological & geomatics engineering, Civil and Structural Engineering
Abstract

International audience; The selection of a geotextile to prevent the soil suffusion in a civil engineering work is a classical problem. The internal erosion is a key factor as the migration of fine particles damages the integrity of the soil structure. This work deals with the problem of using a draining system consisting of a layer of soil and a geotextile sheet in order to prevent soil suffusion. It proposes a methodology which allows ordering the performance of nonwoven geotextiles. A range of experimental approaches were implemented including seepage flow tests under controlled flow rates. A detailed analysis of the data shows that intrinsic properties of geotextiles are not sufficient to predict their behaviour in a draining system. Moreover, the classical flow tests of the draining systems are not sufficient to adequately discriminate the three geotextile specimen used here. On the other hand, it seems important to use the history of the hydraulic gradient with respect to the flow rate variation. Thus, the present data of normalised relative pressure drop and normalised relative variation of flow rate are arranged in terms of a dimensionless criterion. This methodology enables evaluating and discriminating the performances of the geotextiles used here in terms of filtration and drainage functions.

Published
2017

39. Multi-scale characterisation of chars mineral species for tar cracking

Author

Laurence Le Coq, Alain Thorel, Maxime Hervy, Claire Gérente, Anthony Chesnaud, Ange Nzihou, Elsa Weiss-Hortala, Doan Pham Minh, Sarah Berhanu, Audrey Villot, Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes), Centre de recherche d'Albi en génie des procédés des solides divisés, de l'énergie et de l'environnement (RAPSODEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Laboratoire de génie des procédés - environnement - agroalimentaire (GEPEA), Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre des Matériaux (MAT), MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Valorisation Energie-matière des Résidus et Traitement des Emissions (GEPEA-VERTE), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Polytechnique de l'Université de Nantes (EPUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie - Nantes (IUT Nantes), Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie Saint-Nazaire (IUT Saint-Nazaire), Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie - La Roche-sur-Yon (IUT La Roche-sur-Yon), Université de Nantes (UN)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), and Université de Nantes (UN)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL)

Subjects
Flocculation, 020209 energy, General Chemical Engineering, Energy Engineering and Power Technology, Mineralogy, 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Ethylbenzene, Catalysis, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, [SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, Char, Chars, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Multi-scale characterisation, Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, Tar, [CHIM.CATA]Chemical Sciences/Catalysis, Cracking, Fuel Technology, Chemical engineering, 13. Climate action, Catalyst, Pyrolysis, Mineral species, Syngas
Abstract

International audience; Syngas from thermochemical conversion of waste or biomass is a renewable energy carrier that may contain pollutants – such as tar – that should be removed before further syngas utilisation. Chars have proved to be promising catalysts for tar cracking, but the influence of the physico-chemical properties on their reactivity is still unclear. This work aimed to better understand the structure and the composition of the mineral species of pyrolysis char, as well as their catalytic role in tar cracking. For this purpose, a characterisation of the minerals has been performed at bulk, surface (studied at micro and nano-scale) and crystallite scale. Pyrolysis chars were produced from wastes generated on cruise ships – namely used wood pallets (UWP), food waste (FW) and coagulation flocculation sludge (CFS) – having different mineral amount and content. Ethylbenzene was used as surrogate of light aromatic hydrocarbons in a tar cracking process. The results showed that ethylbenzene was converted into lighter gases meaning that the chars were efficient for this. Ethylbenzene conversion at 650 °C was found to be significantly higher with the char from a mixture of sludge and food waste (c.FW/CFS) compared to that of wood-based char (c.UWP): 71 wt.% against 45 wt.%, respectively. The combination of multi-scale and complementary techniques has highlighted that the higher catalytic activity of this char was mainly attributed to the mineral content. Well dispersed mineral particles with various morphologies and natures were observed on the surface of c.FW/CFS using Scanning and Transmission Electron Microscopy (SEM and TEM). Especially, Ca, Al and P were the main mineral species identified using XRFS and SEM. These mineral species in form of oxides and hydroxyapatite were considered to be the main active mineral components for tar cracking. Oxides were identified using EDX-analysis. XRD analysis highlighted the presence of crystalised particles of hydroxyapatite (Ca5(PO4)3(OH)), while Raman spectroscopy revealed that these particles were embedded in the carbon matrix.

Published
2017

40. Micro-Ingredients Carry-Over during Bucket Elevator Handling in Feed Industry: Influence of Process Parameters

Author

Marine Leloup, Laurence Le Coq, Camille Solliec, and F. Putier

Subjects
Production line, Test bench, 040301 veterinary sciences, Computer science, business.industry, General Chemical Engineering, Carry (arithmetic), Pilot scale, Process (computing), 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 040401 food science, Bucket elevator, 0403 veterinary science, 0404 agricultural biotechnology, Production schedule, Process engineering, business, Food Science
Abstract

Currently, carry-over level of feed production lines can be accurately defined, but the causes are not identified yet because of a misunderstanding of this phenomenon. On-site studies charged conveying equipment between mixer and pelleting press, and especially bucket elevator, to be responsible for carry-over level increasing. A series of experiments has been carried out on a bucket elevator test bench in order to determine how process parameters influence carry-over phenomenon. Product deposits on equipment walls represent, on average, 3.0% of the initial batch mass and contain about 0.2% of micro-ingredient after one tracer batch passing and 0.1% after flushing batch passing. Experimental design results showed that parameters acting on micro-ingredient deposited are different from those influencing collected product. Therefore, optimal position of tested process parameters will depend on the batch objective regarding its position in the production schedule. Practical Applications This work allows a new approach of understanding carry-over phenomenon at pilot scale. Indeed, process parameters acting on micro-ingredient deposits by a batch “n” have been differentiated from those acting on micro-ingredient gathering by a batch “n + 1”. By this way, the results of this experimental study brought industrial solutions to control micro-ingredient transfer, considering the batch position in the whole sequencing.

Published
2013

41. Thermal disposal of waste containing nano-objects : first investigations on a methodology for risk management

Author

Ghania Ounoughene, Olivier Le Bihan, Carine Chivas-Joly, Claire Longuet, Bruno Debray, Aurélie Joubert, José-Marie Lopez-Cuesta, Laurence Le Coq, Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Laboratoire de génie des procédés - environnement - agroalimentaire (GEPEA), Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes)

Subjects
NANO-OBJECTS, NANOSAFETY, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, TND, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, INCINERATION, THERMAL DISPOSAL, NMS, RISKS
Abstract

International audience; Considering the wide use and production of nano-objects since last two decades, these trendy nanomaterials (NMs) are expected to end up in thermal disposal and incineration waste plants. It seems relevant to assess the risks related to the thermal disposal and incineration of waste containing NMs (WCNMs). The objective of this work is to develop a methodology for risk management in order (1) to support decision-makers and incineration plant managers and (2) to give insights on nanosafety of exposed operators and on potential environmental risks related to the incineration and thermal disposal of WCNMs. Therefore, the main challenge is to find (a) key parameter(s) which would govern the decision related to risk management of NMs thermal disposal. On the one hand, we focused on the relevant literature studies about the incineration of NMs. On the other hand, we conducted a panel discussion. The review of this literature highlights that the nanostructure destruction of the nano-object appears as a relevant indicator of the risks related to the NMs incineration. As a consequence, we defined a “temperature of nanostructure destruction” (TND) which would be the temperature from which the nanostructure will be destroyed. For the later, this parameter has been assumed to be a consistent indicator to develop a preliminary methodology. If the combustion chamber temperature is higher than the TND of the NM or if they are close to each other, then the nanostructure will be destroyed and no risks related to NMs remain. If the TND of the NMs is higher than the combustion chamber temperature, then the nanostructure will not be destroyed and risks related to NMs have to be considered. As a result, five groups of nanomaterials have been defined. WCNMs including Carbon NMs appear to be in good position to be destroyed correctly. On the other hand, there would not be operational thermal disposal available to manage WCNMs including CeO2 and ZrO2. Finally, a decision tree has been designed. TND is used as criteria to assess if a waste can be managed safely or not by a specific thermal disposal and which safety measures have to be taken.

Published
2016

42. Development of an analytical model to predict the permeability of fibrous media for air filtration

Author

Felicie Theron, Sonia Woudberg, Laurence Le Coq, Traitement Eau Air Métrologie (GEPEA-TEAM), Laboratoire de génie des procédés - environnement - agroalimentaire (GEPEA), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Polytechnique de l'Université de Nantes (EPUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie - Nantes (IUT Nantes), Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie Saint-Nazaire (IUT Saint-Nazaire), Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie - La Roche-sur-Yon (IUT La Roche-sur-Yon), Université de Nantes (UN)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL), Département Systèmes Energétiques et Environnement (IMT Atlantique - DSEE), IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Department of Mathematical Sciences [Matieland, Stellenbosch Uni.] (DMS), Stellenbosch University, Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes), Sciencesconf.org, CCSD, Institut Universitaire de Technologie - Nantes (IUT Nantes), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie Saint-Nazaire (IUT Saint-Nazaire), Université de Nantes (UN)-Ecole Polytechnique de l'Université de Nantes (EPUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie - La Roche-sur-Yon (IUT La Roche-sur-Yon), Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie - Nantes (IUT Nantes), and Université de Nantes (UN)

Subjects
[SPI.GPROC] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, health care facilities, manpower, and services, education, Fibrous media, Mathematical modeling, [SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, [SDE.IE] Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, [PHYS.MECA]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics], [PHYS.MECA] Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics], health care economics and organizations, Permeability
Abstract

International audience; Development of an analytical model to predict the permeability of fibrous media for air filtration

Published
2016

43. Structural characterization of a high performance air filtration composite media at local and global scales

Author

Felicie Theron, Elisabeth Lys, Laurence Le Coq, Laboratoire de génie des procédés - environnement - agroalimentaire (GEPEA), Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes), Traitement Eau Air Métrologie (GEPEA-TEAM), Institut Universitaire de Technologie - Nantes (IUT Nantes), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie Saint-Nazaire (IUT Saint-Nazaire), Université de Nantes (UN)-Ecole Polytechnique de l'Université de Nantes (EPUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie - La Roche-sur-Yon (IUT La Roche-sur-Yon), Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie - Nantes (IUT Nantes), Université de Nantes (UN), Département Systèmes Energétiques et Environnement (IMT Atlantique - DSEE), IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Laboratoire SUBATECH Nantes (SUBATECH), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes), Laboratoire de physique subatomique et des technologies associées (SUBATECH), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Théron, Félicie, Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Polytechnique de l'Université de Nantes (EPUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie - Nantes (IUT Nantes), Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie Saint-Nazaire (IUT Saint-Nazaire), Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie - La Roche-sur-Yon (IUT La Roche-sur-Yon), Université de Nantes (UN)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), and Université de Nantes (UN)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL)

Subjects
[SPI.GPROC] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, [SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, [SDE.IE] Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2016

44. Influence of pleats geometry on fibrous filter performances

Author

Felicie Theron, Aurélie Joubert, Laurence Le Coq, Laboratoire de génie des procédés - environnement - agroalimentaire (GEPEA), Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes), Département Systèmes Energétiques et Environnement (IMT Atlantique - DSEE), IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Traitement Eau Air Métrologie (GEPEA-TEAM), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Polytechnique de l'Université de Nantes (EPUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie - Nantes (IUT Nantes), Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie Saint-Nazaire (IUT Saint-Nazaire), Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie - La Roche-sur-Yon (IUT La Roche-sur-Yon), Université de Nantes (UN)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL), Institut Universitaire de Technologie - Nantes (IUT Nantes), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie Saint-Nazaire (IUT Saint-Nazaire), Université de Nantes (UN)-Ecole Polytechnique de l'Université de Nantes (EPUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie - La Roche-sur-Yon (IUT La Roche-sur-Yon), Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie - Nantes (IUT Nantes), and Université de Nantes (UN)

Subjects
[SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, [SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2016

45. Filtration performances of HVAC filters for PM10 and microbial aerosols— Influence of management in a lab-scale air handling unit

Author

Laurence Le Coq, Myriam Liard, Yves Andres, Aurélie Joubert, Luisa F. González, Christophe Renner, Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes), Laboratoire de génie des procédés - environnement - agroalimentaire (GEPEA), Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Water Research Center, and Veolia Environnement Research and Innovation

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, business.industry, Microorganism, Fraction (chemistry), 010501 environmental sciences, Particulates, Pulp and paper industry, 01 natural sciences, Pollution, Endospore, Aerosol, law.invention, Clogging, law, HVAC, Environmental Chemistry, Environmental science, General Materials Science, [SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, business, Filtration, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

International audience; Filtration performances of air handling unit (AHU) filters for particles and microbial aerosols were investigated. The influence of the AHU operational conditions on the behavior of microorganisms collected on the filters was also studied. A lab-scale AHU with two filtration stages was developed and validated for the study of downsized filters with industrial geometries. Three types of filters of different efficiency were considered: G4, F7 and F9, according to European standard EN 779 (2012). Two configurations of filters were studied: G4 pleated/F7 bag and F7/F9 bag. Filters were sequentially clogged by alumina particles, which provided a mineral fraction in the particulate cake, and then by micronized rice particles, which provided the fungus Penicillium chrysogenum and an organic fraction that acts as a substrate for microorganisms. Finally, a microbial aerosol composed of endospores of Bacillus subtilis and spores of Aspergillus niger was nebulized to contaminate filters. After clogging, periods of 5-days on and 2-day-weekend stops with restarts of ventilation were simulated for 6 weeks. The results showed that the filter efficiency for particles was quite comparable to that for microbial aerosols expressed in cultivable concentration. The particulate cake composed of alumina and micronized rice particles enabled the growth of the endogenous species P. chrysogenum and the survival of exogenous species B. subtilis and A. niger on filters. During restarts of ventilation, low particle concentrations were detected downstream of the second filtration stages by release but the microbial concentration from the fraction of air sampled was below the detection limit.

Published
2016

46. MATHEMATICAL AND NUMERICAL MODELING OF NANOPARTICLES TRANSPORT

Author

Laurence Le Coq, Rachid Boudhan, Kamal Gueraoui, Aurélie Joubert, Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes), and Université Mohammed V de Rabat [Agdal]

Subjects
Physics, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, [SPI.FLUID]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Reactive fluid environment, Energy Engineering and Power Technology, Mechanics, Pollution, law.invention, Langevin equation, Distribution function, Classical mechanics, Flow velocity, Drag, law, Brownian dynamics, numerical simulation, Automotive Engineering, trajectory analysis, Particle size, nanoparticles transport, Displacement (fluid), Brownian motion, Filtration
Abstract

International audience; This study aims at numerical simulation of nanoparticle transport in flue-gas treatment at a waste incineration plant. The purpose of this work is to assess the effect of temperature, particle size, and fluid velocity on nanoparticle transport around a single spherical collector considered as a filter medium for nanoparticles filtration. Thus, the stochastic Langevin equation was used to describe the dynamic behavior of particles with account for different forces acting simultaneously on these particles, namely, drag force, gravitational force, and Brownian force. The results indicated, on the one hand, that the effect of temperature on the nanoparticle movement increases with temperature and, on the other hand, that the fluctuation of the particle trajectory is a significant factor in decreasing the particle diameter. Concerning the effect of the fluid velocity, the role of the nanoparticles trajectory becomes more significant the higher the value of the fluid velocity. The results of this work which are expressed as the bivariate velocity and displacement distribution function aim at understanding the experimental filtration efficiency studied in laboratory conditions at two different temperatures and fluid velocities.

Published
2016

47. Influence of Complex Fibrous Media Composition on their Performances for VOC and Particle Removal

Author

Agnès Rochereau, Evelyne Mauret, Laurence Le Coq, P. Le Cloirec, A. Subrenat, Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes), Laboratoire de génie des procédés - environnement - agroalimentaire (GEPEA), Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Génie des procédés papetiers (LGP2 ), and Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Materials science, Mineralogy, 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Adsorption, 020401 chemical engineering, law, medicine, Environmental Chemistry, [SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, Volatile organic compound, Organic Chemicals, 0204 chemical engineering, Cellulose, Porosity, Waste Management and Disposal, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Filtration, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Water Science and Technology, chemistry.chemical_classification, Air Pollutants, Micropore Filters, General Medicine, Cellulose fiber, chemistry, Chemical engineering, 13. Climate action, Charcoal, Microscopy, Electron, Scanning, Particle, Particulate Matter, Porous medium, Activated carbon, medicine.drug
Abstract

Amongst atmospheric pollutants, two major types can be distinguished: airborne particles such as dust, and gaseous compounds such as Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs). Fibrous filters are commonly used to remove particles while activated carbon beds trap VOCs. In order to obtain a single-stage device as efficient at collecting particles with a size less than 10 microm (PM10) as removing VOCs, prototype fibrous media containing activated carbon fibers (ACF) associated with cellulose fibers (CF), which are non-adsorptive, have been developed. The influence of ACF ratio and the degree of beating of CF on porous structure, mechanical strength and treatment performances of the medium was studied. Experimental results show that an increase in ACF mass ratio increases the inter-fiber porosity and overall adsorption capacity (the intrinsic adsorption capacity of ACF remains constant whatever the composition), but decreases the mechanical strength and particle collection efficiency of the medium. Moreover, an increase in the beating of CF enhances the mechanical strength of the medium and its particle collection efficiency, but decreases its porosity and has no effect on adsorption capacity. Consequently, a medium containing 50% ACF associated with CF with a low degree of beating (16 degrees SR) presents the best performance for combined filtration.

Published
2007

48. Investigations of thermal treatment of loaded HVAC filters for combined microbial inhibition and VOC partial desorption

Author

Morisseau, K., Joubert, A., Andres, Y., Laurence LE COQ, IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Valorisation Energie-matière des Résidus et Traitement des Emissions (GEPEA-VERTE), Laboratoire de génie des procédés - environnement - agroalimentaire (GEPEA), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Polytechnique de l'Université de Nantes (EPUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie - Nantes (IUT Nantes), Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie Saint-Nazaire (IUT Saint-Nazaire), Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie - La Roche-sur-Yon (IUT La Roche-sur-Yon), Université de Nantes (UN)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL), Traitement Eau Air Métrologie (GEPEA-TEAM), Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes)

Subjects
[SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, [SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2015

49. Behavior and Fate of Halloysite Nanotubes (HNTs) When Incinerating PA6/HNTs Nanocomposite

Author

Laurence Le Coq, C. Motzkus, Carine Chivas-Joly, Claire Longuet, J.-M. Lopez-Cuesta, Bruno Debray, O. Le Bihan, Aurélie Joubert, G. Ounoughene, Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes), Laboratoire de génie des procédés - environnement - agroalimentaire (GEPEA), Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Agence de l'Environnement et de la Maîtrise de l'Energie (ADEME), Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Laboratoire National de Métrologie et d'Essais [Trappes] (LNE ), Centre des Matériaux des Mines d'Alès (C2MA), IMT - MINES ALES (IMT - MINES ALES), and Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)

Subjects
Materials science, Polymers, 02 engineering and technology, Incineration, 010501 environmental sciences, engineering.material, Combustion, 01 natural sciences, Halloysite, Nanocomposites, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Environmental Chemistry, Caprolactam, Char, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Nanocomposite, Nanotubes, Waste management, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, General Chemistry, Particulates, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Aerosol, Chemical engineering, 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, engineering, Clay, Aluminum Silicates, 0210 nano-technology, Waste disposal
Abstract

Since the end of the nineties, nanoclays based nanocomposites have been widely studied and produced. These trendy materials are expected to end up in incineration waste plants. Recently, various studies have focused on the particulate emissions of polymer nanocomposites during their combustion [1, 2, 3]. The aim of our work is to investigate the behavior and the fate of the nano-objects from nanocomposites during their incineration. This study focuses on PA6/HNTs nanocomposites (polyamide 6 incorporating halloysite nanotubes). Incineration tests have been performed at lab-scale using a peculiar tubular furnace modified in order to control the key incineration parameters within both the combustion and post-combustion zones [4]. The combustion residues and the combustion aerosol (particle matter and gas phase) collected downstream the incinerator furnace have been characterized using various techniques devoted to the analysis of aerosols. Time tracking for gas concentration and particle number concentration reveals a two step mechanism. HNTs have been found both in aerosol and residues. As shown in Fig.1, some remains intact, while others are aggregated.

Published
2015

50. Acetaldehyde and acetic acid adsorption on TiO2 under dry and humid conditions

Author

Frederic Thevenet, Nadine Locoge, C. Rillard, Valérie Hequet, Frederic Batault, Laurence Le Coq, Laboratoire de génie des procédés - environnement - agroalimentaire (GEPEA), Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes), École des Mines de Douai (Mines Douai EMD), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Centre for Energy and Environment (CERI EE), Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Lille Douai (IMT Lille Douai), and Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)

Subjects
General Chemical Engineering, Inorganic chemistry, Enthalpy, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, Acetic acid, chemistry.chemical_compound, symbols.namesake, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Adsorption, Environmental Chemistry, Molecule, Volatile organic compound, chemistry.chemical_classification, Acetaldehyde, Langmuir adsorption model, General Chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 0104 chemical sciences, chemistry, 13. Climate action, symbols, Photocatalysis, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

International audience; Adsorption plays a key role in the volatile organic compound (VOC) photocatalytic oxidation performance and kinetic behavior. It can lead to VOC mixture sequential treatment or even photocatalyst deactivation. The aim of this work is to determine qualitative and quantitative data regarding VOC adsorption on P25 TiO2. Acetaldehyde and acetic acid adsorption on TiO2 have been studied under both dry and humid conditions. Three experimental methods have been used: breakthrough curves, room temperature desorptions and temperature-programmed desorptions. First, acetaldehyde and acetic acid adsorptions are studied individually. Dry and humid experiments provide complementary pieces of information to identify the adsorption modes, in accordance with literature. The Langmuir model parameters (adsorption constant (K), reversible and irreversible maximum adsorbed amounts (q(m,rev) and q(m,irr)), and adsorption enthalpy Delta H) are determined for each VOC. Based on experimental results, a model for acetaldehyde and water co-adsorption is proposed, taking into account the specific interaction between acetaldehyde and water molecule. Regarding acetic acid, a reactive adsorption pathway is proposed and a kinetic model is developed to describe the reactive adsorption. Finally, in order to understand multi-VOC interaction on TiO2 surface, the sequential adsorption of acetaldehyde and acetic acid is investigated and confronted with the single-VOC data. As a result, single VOC adsorption parameters are useful to understand and predict multi-VOC photocatalytic oxidation. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Published
2015

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