8 results on '"Lauren M. Rost"'
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2. 562 AI Translation Advisory Board: Mastering team science to facilitate implementation of AI into clinical practice
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Joshua W. Ohde, Momin M. Malik, Shauna M. Overgaard, Tracey A. Brereton, Lu Zheng, Kevin J. Peterson, and Lauren M. Rost
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Medicine - Abstract
OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Healthcare sectors are rushing to develop AI models. Yet, a dearth of coordinated practices leaves many teams struggling to implement models into practice. The Enterprise AI Translation Advisory Board uses across-disciplinary team to facilitate AI translation. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: The Mayo Clinic Enterprise AI Translation Advisory Board was established to assess AI solutions lever aging cross-disciplinary team science to accelerate AI innovation and translation. The 23-member board reflects expertise in data science, qualitative research, user experience, IT, human factors, informatics, regulatory compliance,ethics, and clinical care, with members spanning thought leadership, decision-making, and clinical practice. Taking an approach of respectful communication, transparency, scientific debate, and open discussion, the Board has consulted onover two dozen projects at various stages of the AI life cycle. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Common issues identified for projects earlier in the AI life cycle, sometimes fatal but often address able once identified, include a lack of buy-in from potential product users, a lack of planningabout integration into clinical workflow, inadequately labeled data, and attempting to use machine learning when what is desired is really a causal model for intervening. Recommendations for projects later in the AI life cycle include details of a testing plan (silent evaluation, pragmatic clinical trials), advice about clinical integration, both post-hoc and on going auditing for performance disparities, and planning for regulatory clearance. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: Advising is more valuable for projects at the ideation phase, when multi disciplinary interrogation can identify weaknesses. But at all phases, projects have gaps related to a lack of specific disciplinary expertise. A multi disciplinary cluster like the AI Translation Advisory Board seeks to address these gaps.
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- 2024
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3. Retrospective analysis of electronic health records reveals the ineffectiveness of a prescribing intervention.
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Lauren M. Rost and Erik Wright
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- 2019
4. Discordance Among Antibiotic Prescription Guidelines Reflects a Lack of Clear Best Practices
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Lauren M. Rost, M. Hong Nguyen, Ryan K. Shields, Cornelius J. Clancy, and Erik S. Wright
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medicine.medical_specialty ,prescription guidelines ,business.industry ,Best practice ,Guidance documents ,English language ,antibiotics ,antimicrobials ,Antibiotic prescription ,Major Articles ,AcademicSubjects/MED00290 ,stewardship ,Infectious Diseases ,Antibiotic resistance ,Oncology ,Family medicine ,medicine ,Antibiotic Stewardship ,Medical prescription ,business - Abstract
BackgroundAntibiotics are among the most frequently administered drugs globally, yet they are often prescribed inappropriately. Guidelines for prescribing are developed by expert committees at international and national levels to form regional standards and by local experts to form hospital guidance documents. Our aim was to assess variability in antibiotic prescription guidelines for both regional standards and individual hospitals.MethodsA search through 3 publicly accessible databases from February to June 2018 led to a corpus of English language guidance documents from 70 hospitals in 12 countries and regional standards from 7 academic societies.ResultsGuidelines varied markedly in content and structure, reflecting a paucity of rules governing their format. We compared recommendations for 3 common bacterial infections: community-acquired pneumonia, urinary tract infection, and cellulitis. Hospital guidance documents and regional standards frequently disagreed on preferable antibiotic classes for common infections. Where agreement was observed, guidance documents appeared to inherit recommendations from their respective regional standards. Several regional prescribing patterns were identified, including a greater reliance on penicillins over cephalosporins in the United Kingdom and fluoroquinolones in the United States. Regional prescribing patterns could not be explained by antibiotic resistance or costs. Additionally, literature that cited underlying recommendations did not support the magnitude of recommendation differences observed.ConclusionsThe observed discordance among prescription recommendations highlights a lack of evidence for superior treatments, likely resulting from a preponderance of noninferiority trials comparing antibiotics. In response, we make several suggestions for developing guidelines that support best practices of antibiotic stewardship.
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- 2020
5. Characterising cis-regulatory variation in the transcriptome of histologically normal and tumour-derived pancreatic tissues
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Irene Collins, Tongwu Zhang, Mingfeng Zhang, Mark I. McCarthy, Kevin M. Brown, Gail L. Matters, Jason W. Hoskins, Laufey T. Amundadottir, Weiyin Zhou, Bradley A. Murray, Brian M. Wolpin, Jianxin Shi, Xijun Zhang, William R. Bamlet, Lei Song, Torben Heick Jensen, Stephen J. Chanock, Wenming Xiao, Gloria M. Petersen, Jill P. Smith, Robert C. Kurtz, Jinping Jia, Ashley Jermusyk, Nilanjan Chatterjee, Charles C. Chung, Hemang Parikh, Søren Lykke-Andersen, Meredith Yeager, Sara H. Olson, Bin Zhu, Martijn van de Bunt, Lauren M. Rost, and Halit Ongen
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0301 basic medicine ,EXPRESSION ,Genotype ,SUSCEPTIBILITY LOCI ,Quantitative Trait Loci ,GENETIC-BASIS ,Gene Expression ,Locus (genetics) ,Genome-wide association study ,Quantitative trait locus ,Biology ,Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid ,VARIANTS ,eQTL ,Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ,03 medical and health sciences ,ENDOPLASMIC-RETICULUM STRESS ,Pancreatic cancer ,medicine ,Humans ,pancreas ,ABO Blood-Group System/genetics ,GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION ,Gene ,Alleles ,Genetics ,RNA, Neoplasm/analysis ,RISK ,MESSENGER-RNA DECAY ,Sequence Analysis, RNA ,ABO BLOOD-GROUP ,Gastroenterology ,medicine.disease ,Pancreatic Neoplasms/genetics ,Molecular biology ,CANCER ,Nonsense Mediated mRNA Decay ,030104 developmental biology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Regulatory sequence ,Expression quantitative trait loci ,RNA-seq ,Pancreas ,allele specific expression ,Transcriptome ,Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9 ,Genome-Wide Association Study - Abstract
ObjectiveTo elucidate the genetic architecture of gene expression in pancreatic tissues.DesignWe performed expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) analysis in histologically normal pancreatic tissue samples (n=95) using RNA sequencing and the corresponding 1000 genomes imputed germline genotypes. Data from pancreatic tumour-derived tissue samples (n=115) from The Cancer Genome Atlas were included for comparison.ResultsWe identified 38 615 cis-eQTLs (in 484 genes) in histologically normal tissues and 39 713 cis-eQTL (in 237 genes) in tumour-derived tissues (false discovery rate cis-eQTLs appeared to be specific for tumour-derived and normal-derived tissues, respectively. Significant enrichment of cis-eQTL variants was noted in non-coding regulatory regions, in particular for pancreatic tissues (1.53-fold to 3.12-fold, p≤0.0001), indicating tissue-specific functional relevance. A common pancreatic cancer risk locus on 9q34.2 (rs687289) was associated with ABO expression in histologically normal (p=5.8×10−8) and tumour-derived (p=8.3×10−5) tissues. The high linkage disequilibrium between this variant and the O blood group generating deletion variant in ABO (exon 6) suggested that nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) of the ‘O’ mRNA might explain this finding. However, knockdown of crucial NMD regulators did not influence decay of the ABO ‘O’ mRNA, indicating that a gene regulatory element influenced by pancreatic cancer risk alleles may underlie the eQTL.ConclusionsWe have identified cis-eQTLs representing potential functional regulatory variants in the pancreas and generated a rich data set for further studies on gene expression and its regulation in pancreatic tissues.
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- 2018
6. 1816. Large-Scale Comparison of Antibiotic Prescription Guidelines Uncovers Disparities Among Stewardship Approaches
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Erik S. Wright and Lauren M. Rost
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Abstracts ,Infectious Diseases ,Oncology ,Scale (ratio) ,B. Poster Abstracts ,business.industry ,Medicine ,Stewardship ,business ,Environmental planning ,Antibiotic prescription - Abstract
Background The accrediting institution for hospitals in the United States made antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) mandatory in 2017. In part due to the relatively new status of ASPs, standards surrounding the content produced by these programs are still in their infancy. One product of ASPs are antibiotic prescription guidelines, which vary greatly across hospitals in terms of their structure and content. Methods In this study, we reviewed 70 publicly available antibiotic prescription guidelines published from 2006 to 2017, originating from 12 countries on four continents to evaluate their coverage and variability. Results Guidelines varied greatly in terms of their length, word count, page layout, revision frequency, and number of contributing authors. In terms of content, guidelines were discordant in their inclusion of cost information, restricted antibiotics, disclaimers, and pediatric recommendations. Guidelines also varied in their approach, in that some were focused on how to approach specific diagnoses, while others were focused on the usage of particular antibiotics. Many guidelines made use of decision trees to convey information, especially for the diagnosis and treatment of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea, cellulitis, and community-acquired pneumonia; however, the number of decision trees included in a hospital’s guideline varied greatly. A small minority of guidelines included identification trees for classifying bacterial isolates. Guidelines also notably differed in the extent to which they incorporated local antibiotic susceptibility data. Some guidelines did not report antibiogram summaries, while others displayed information for 5 to 34 organisms. Furthermore, we assessed guidelines’ prescription recommendations for 12 common bacterial infections and found large variation in suggested prescribing practices across hospitals. Conclusion To our knowledge, this study provides the first large-scale analysis of antibiotic prescription guidelines and highlights the extreme variation in approaches to stewardship across hospitals. Furthermore, our analysis provides a baseline of current practices for future comparison, and initiates a discussion into what comprises a model antibiotic prescription guideline. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.
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- 2018
7. Abstract 1442: Analysis of cis-eQTLs in normal and tumor-derived pancreatic tissues reveals functional insights, including for the 9q34.1 ABO pancreatic cancer risk locus
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Nilanjan Chatterjee, Lauren M. Rost, Ashley Jermusyk, Lei Song, Michael Mobaraki, Hemang Parikh, Mingfeng Zhang, Sara H. Olson, Jill P. Smith, Robert C. Kurtz, Meredith Yeager, Brian M. Wolpin, Torben Heick Jensen, Irene Collins, Jinping Jia, Gloria M. Petersen, William R. Bamlet, Bin Zhu, Wenming Xiao, Laufey T. Amundadottir, Jason W. Hoskins, Jianxin Shi, and Soren Lykke Andresen
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Genetics ,Cancer Research ,Oncology ,Locus (genetics) ,Tumor-Derived ,Biology ,Cancer risk - Abstract
Objective: To elucidate the genetic architecture of gene expression in pancreatic tissues. Design: We performed expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) and allele specific expression (ASE) analyses using RNA-sequence data and 1000 Genomes (1000G) imputed GWAS genotypes from 95 fresh frozen histologically normal pancreatic tissue samples. Data from 115 pancreatic tumor-derived tissue samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) was included for comparison. Results: We identified 38,615 cis-eQTLs (corresponding to 484 Genes) in histologically normal tissues and 39,713 cis-eQTL (corresponding to 237 Genes) in tumor tissues (FDR Conclusions: We have identified cis-eQTLs representing potential functional regulatory variants in the pancreas and generated a rich dataset for further studies on gene expression and regulation in pancreatic tissues. Citation Format: Laufey T. Amundadottir, Soren Lykke Andresen, Wenming Xiao, Jason Hoskins, Ashley Jermusyk, Lauren Rost, Irene Collins, Jinping Jia, Michael Mobaraki, Bin Zhu, Robert Kurtz, Hemang Parikh, Lei Song, Meredith Yeager, Torben Jensen, William Bamlet, Nilanjan Chatterjee, Brian Wolpin, Jill Smith, Sara Olson, Gloria Petersen, Jianxin Shi, Mingfeng Zhang. Analysis of cis-eQTLs in normal and tumor-derived pancreatic tissues reveals functional insights, including for the 9q34.1 ABO pancreatic cancer risk locus [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1442. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-1442
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- 2017
8. Functional characterization of a chr13q22.1 pancreatic cancer risk locus reveals long-range interaction and allele-specific effects on DIS3 expression
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Rachael Z. Stolzenberg-Solomon, Laufey T. Amundadottir, Irene Collins, Zhaoming Wang, Gloria M. Petersen, Mickey A. Emmanuel, Ronit I. Yarden, Jill P. Smith, Robert C. Kurtz, Janelle Thomas, Maura O'Neill, Jason W. Hoskins, Yinglun Wu, Abdisamad M. Ibrahim, Jefferson M. Haake, Lauren M. Rost, William R. Bamlet, Hemang Parikh, Sara H. Olson, Sarah M. Manmiller, Gail L. Matters, Mingfeng Zhang, Thorkell Andresson, Sudipto Das, Brian M. Wolpin, Jinping Jia, and Alison P. Klein
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0301 basic medicine ,Candidate gene ,Genome-wide association study ,Locus (genetics) ,Single-nucleotide polymorphism ,Biology ,03 medical and health sciences ,INDEL Mutation ,Cell Line, Tumor ,Genetics ,Humans ,Genetic Predisposition to Disease ,Allele ,Indel ,Molecular Biology ,Gene ,Alleles ,Genetics (clinical) ,Chromosomes, Human, Pair 13 ,Exosome Multienzyme Ribonuclease Complex ,Chromosome Mapping ,Articles ,Sequence Analysis, DNA ,General Medicine ,Molecular biology ,Chromatin ,Pancreatic Neoplasms ,030104 developmental biology ,Genetic Loci ,Genome-Wide Association Study ,Transcription Factors - Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified multiple common susceptibility loci for pancreatic cancer. Here we report fine-mapping and functional analysis of one such locus residing in a 610 kb gene desert on chr13q22.1 (marked by rs9543325). The closest candidate genes, KLF5, KLF12, PIBF1, DIS3 and BORA, range in distance from 265-586 kb. Sequencing three sub-regions containing the top ranked SNPs by imputation P-value revealed a 30 bp insertion/deletion (indel) variant that was significantly associated with pancreatic cancer risk (rs386772267, P = 2.30 × 10−11, OR = 1.22, 95% CI 1.15–1.28) and highly correlated to rs9543325 (r2 = 0.97 in the 1000 Genomes EUR population). This indel was the most significant cis-eQTL variant in a set of 222 histologically normal pancreatic tissue samples (β = 0.26, P = 0.004), with the insertion (risk-increasing) allele associated with reduced DIS3 expression. DIS3 encodes a catalytic subunit of the nuclear RNA exosome complex that mediates RNA processing and decay, and is mutated in several cancers. Chromosome conformation capture revealed a long range (570 kb) physical interaction between a sub-region of the risk locus, containing rs386772267, and a region ∼6 kb upstream of DIS3. Finally, repressor regulatory activity and allele-specific protein binding by transcription factors of the TCF/LEF family were observed for the risk-increasing allele of rs386772267, indicating that expression regulation at this risk locus may be influenced by the Wnt signaling pathway. In conclusion, we have identified a putative functional indel variant at chr13q22.1 that associates with decreased DIS3 expression in carriers of pancreatic cancer risk-increasing alleles, and could therefore affect nuclear RNA processing and/or decay.
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