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1. RNA-seq data of pig placenta and endometrium during late gestationFAANG

Author

Sarah Maman-Haddad, Laure Gress, Amandine Suin, Nathalie Vialaneix, and Agnès Bonnet

Subjects
Transcriptome, End of gestation, Placenta, Endometrium, Pig, lncRNA, Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics, R858-859.7, Science (General), Q1-390
Abstract

Limiting the level of piglet losses before weaning is a growing demand from producers and society to improve the welfare and health of sows and piglets. In particular, perinatal mortality, which can be defined as the complete development allowing survival at birth, is mostly due to reduced piglet maturity that occurs at the end of gestation. Fetal growth and maturation depend on a fine balance between the nutrient requirements for optimal fetal growth and the maternal nutrient requirements. This balance occurs at the feto-maternal interface, defined as the interaction between the mother (uterus/endometrium) and the fetus (placenta). Thus, the CO-LOCATION project (ANR20-CE20-0020-01) studies the feto-maternal system in relation to fetal maturation and piglet survival at birth. To this end, we documented the transcriptome of endometrial and placental tissues in late gestation from pure and reciprocal crossbred fetuses using two breeds with extreme fetal maturity: Large White and Meishan, showing substantial and low neonatal mortality, respectively. 224 endometrial and 224 placental samples were selected from the PORCINET tissue collection (ANR-09-GENM-005) together with sow breed, day of gestation, sex, fetal genotypes and maturity. RNA was processed for RNA-seq analysis using NovaSeq6000. with an average of 107 and 105 million reads per endometrial and placental sample, respectively. Sequences were processed using the Nextflow nf-core/rnaseq pipeline for transcript and gene quantification. The average mapping rate was 91 % and 86 % for endometrial and placental samples, respectively. Then, the TAGADA pipeline was used to reconstruct RNA-seq de novo, predict lncRNA and quantify them. The data generated from this analysis provides a complete transcriptional profile of the feto-maternal interface during late gestation. These data sets are the starting point for further analyses, including differential expression analysis, enrichment analysis and investigation of the feto-maternal dialog.

Published
2024
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2. A multi-omics dataset of the response to early plant polysaccharide ingestion in rabbits

Author

Charlotte Paës, Martin Beaumont, Thierry Gidenne, Karine Bébin, Joël Duperray, Charly Gohier, Emeline Guené-Grand, Gwénaël Rebours, Adrien Castinel, Céline Barilly, Béatrice Gabinaud, Carole Bannelier, Laure Gress, François Laperruque, Patrick Aymard, Anne-Marie Debrusse, Laurent Cauquil, Géraldine Pascal, and Sylvie Combes

Subjects
Science
Abstract

Abstract The transition from a milk-based diet to exclusive solid feeding deeply modifies microbiota-host crosstalk. Specifically, early ingestion of plant polysaccharides would be one of the main nutritional components to drive host-microbiota-interaction. To capture the effects of polysaccharides early-life nutrition (starch vs rapidly fermentable fiber) on the holobiont development, we investigated on the one hand the gut bacteriome and metabolome and on the other hand the transcriptome of two host gut tissues. Rabbit model was used to study post-natal co-development of the gut microbiota and its host around weaning transition. The assessment of the microbial composition of the gut appendix together with the caecum was provided for the first time. Gene expression signatures were analyzed along the gut (ileum and caecum) through high-throughput qPCR. The data collected were completed by the analysis of animal growth changes and time-series assessment of blood biomarkers. Those accessible and reusable data could help highlight the gut development dynamics as well as biological adaptation processes at the onset of solid feeding.

Published
2024
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3. Sex and fetal genome influence gene expression in pig endometrium at the end of gestation

Author

Agnes Bonnet, Lisa Bluy, Laure Gress, Laurianne Canario, Laure Ravon, Aurelie Sécula, Yvon Billon, and Laurence Liaubet

Subjects
Perinatal survival, Feto-maternal interface, Endometrium, Fetal genome, Fetal sex, Piglets, Biotechnology, TP248.13-248.65, Genetics, QH426-470
Abstract

Abstract Background A fine balance of feto-maternal resource allocation is required to support pregnancy, which depends on interactions between maternal and fetal genetic potential, maternal nutrition and environment, endometrial and placental functions. In particular, some imprinted genes have a role in regulating maternal-fetal nutrient exchange, but few have been documented in the endometrium. The aim of this study is to describe the expression of 42 genes, with parental expression, in the endometrium comparing two extreme breeds: Large White (LW); Meishan (MS) with contrasting neonatal mortality and maturity at two days of gestation (D90-D110). We investigated their potential contribution to fetal maturation exploring genes-fetal phenotypes relationships. Last, we hypothesized that the fetal genome and sex influence their endometrial expression. For this purpose, pure and reciprocally crossbred fetuses were produced using LW and MS breeds. Thus, in the same uterus, endometrial samples were associated with its purebred or crossbred fetuses. Results Among the 22 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), 14 DEGs were differentially regulated between the two days of gestation. More gestational changes were described in LW (11 DEGs) than in MS (2 DEGs). Nine DEGs were differentially regulated between the two extreme breeds, highlighting differences in the regulation of endometrial angiogenesis, nutrient transport and energy metabolism. We identified DEGs that showed high correlations with indicators of fetal maturation, such as ponderal index at D90 and fetal blood fructose level and placental weight at D110. We pointed out for the first time the influence of fetal sex and genome on endometrial expression at D90, highlighting AMPD3, CITED1 and H19 genes. We demonstrated that fetal sex affects the expression of five imprinted genes in LW endometrium. Fetal genome influenced the expression of four genes in LW endometrium but not in MS endometrium. Interestingly, both fetal sex and fetal genome interact to influence endometrial gene expression. Conclusions These data provide evidence for some sexual dimorphism in the pregnant endometrium and for the contribution of the fetal genome to feto-maternal interactions at the end of gestation. They suggest that the paternal genome may contribute significantly to piglet survival, especially in crossbreeding production systems.

Published
2024
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4. Plasma 1H-NMR metabolic and amino acid profiles of newborn piglets from two lines divergently selected for residual feed intake

Author

Laurence Liaubet, Camille Guilmineau, Gaëlle Lefort, Yvon Billon, Sébastien Reigner, Jean Bailly, Nathalie Marty-Gasset, Laure Gress, Rémi Servien, Agnès Bonnet, Hélène Gilbert, Nathalie Vialaneix, and Hélène Quesnel

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Abstract Together with environmental factors, physiological maturity at birth is a major determinant for neonatal survival and postnatal development in mammalian species. Maturity at birth is the outcome of complex mechanisms of intra-uterine development and maturation during the end of gestation. In pig production, piglet preweaning mortality averages 20% of the litter and thus, maturity is a major welfare and economic concern. Here, we used both targeted and untargeted metabolomic approaches to provide a deeper understanding of the maturity in a model of lines of pigs divergently selected on residual feed intake (RFI), previously shown to have contrasted signs of maturity at birth. Analyses were conducted on plasma metabolome of piglets at birth and integrated with other phenotypic characteristics associated to maturity. We confirmed proline and myo-inositol, previously described for their association with delayed growth, as potential markers of maturity. Urea cycle and energy metabolism were found more regulated in piglets from high and low RFI lines, respectively, suggesting a better thermoregulation ability for the low RFI (with higher feed efficiency) piglets.

Published
2023
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5. Maternal dietary methionine restriction alters hepatic expression of one-carbon metabolism and epigenetic mechanism genes in the ducklings

Author

Aurélie Sécula, Lisa E. Bluy, Hervé Chapuis, Agnès Bonnet, Anne Collin, Laure Gress, Alexis Cornuez, Xavier Martin, Loys Bodin, Cécile M. D. Bonnefont, and Mireille Morisson

Subjects
Duck, Methyl donor, Nutritional programming, Differentially expressed genes, Avian, Biotechnology, TP248.13-248.65, Genetics, QH426-470
Abstract

Abstract Background Embryonic and fetal development is very susceptible to the availability of nutrients that can interfere with the setting of epigenomes, thus modifying the main metabolic pathways and impacting the health and phenotypes of the future individual. We have previously reported that a 38% reduction of the methyl donor methionine in the diet of 30 female ducks reduced the body weight of their 180 mule ducklings compared to that of 190 ducklings from 30 control females. The maternal methionine-restricted diet also altered plasmatic parameters in 30 of their ducklings when compared to that of 30 ducklings from the control group. Thus, their plasma glucose and triglyceride concentrations were higher while their free fatty acid level and alanine transaminase activity were decreased. Moreover, the hepatic transcript level of 16 genes involved in pathways related to energy metabolism was significantly different between the two groups of ducklings. In the present work, we continued studying the liver of these newly hatched ducklings to explore the impact of the maternal dietary methionine restriction on the hepatic transcript level of 70 genes mostly involved in one-carbon metabolism and epigenetic mechanisms. Results Among the 12 genes (SHMT1, GART, ATIC, FTCD, MSRA, CBS, CTH, AHCYL1, HSBP1, DNMT3, HDAC9 and EZH2) identified as differentially expressed between the two maternal diet groups (p-value

Published
2022
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6. Maternal dietary methionine restriction alters the expression of energy metabolism genes in the duckling liver

Author

Aurélie Sécula, Hervé Chapuis, Anne Collin, Lisa E. Bluy, Agnès Bonnet, Loys Bodin, Laure Gress, Alexis Cornuez, Xavier Martin, Cécile M. D. Bonnefont, and Mireille Morisson

Subjects
Duck, Methyl donor, Nutritional programming, Differentially expressed genes, Biotechnology, TP248.13-248.65, Genetics, QH426-470
Abstract

Abstract Background In mammals, the nutritional status experienced during embryonic development shapes key metabolic pathways and influences the health and phenotype of the future individual, a phenomenon known as nutritional programming. In farmed birds as well, the quantity and quality of feed offered to the dam can impact the phenotype of the offspring. We have previously reported that a 38% reduction in the intake of the methyl donor methionine in the diet of 30 female ducks during the growing and laying periods - from 10 to 51 weeks of age - reduced the body weight of their 180 mule ducklings compared to that of 190 ducklings from 30 control females. The maternal dietary methionine restriction also altered the hepatic energy metabolism studied in 30 of their ducklings. Thus, their plasma glucose and triglyceride concentrations were higher while their plasma free fatty acid level was lower than those measured in the plasma of 30 ducklings from the control group. The objective of this new study was to better understand how maternal dietary methionine restriction affected the livers of their newly hatched male and female ducklings by investigating the hepatic expression levels of 100 genes primarily targeting energy metabolism, amino acid transport, oxidative stress, apoptotic activity and susceptibility to liver injury. Results Sixteen of the genes studied were differentially expressed between the ducklings from the two groups. Maternal dietary methionine restriction affected the mRNA levels of genes involved in different pathways related to energy metabolism such as glycolysis, lipogenesis or electron transport. Moreover, the mRNA levels of the nuclear receptors PPARGC1B, PPARG and RXRA were also affected. Conclusions Our results show that the 38% reduction in methionine intake in the diet of female ducks during the growing and egg-laying periods impacted the liver transcriptome of their offspring, which may explain the previously observed differences in their liver energy metabolism. These changes in mRNA levels, together with the observed phenotypic data, suggest an early modulation in the establishment of metabolic pathways.

Published
2022
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7. Time course study of the response to LPS targeting the pig immune gene networks

Author

Elena Terenina, Valérie Sautron, Caroline Ydier, Darya Bazovkina, Amélie Sevin-Pujol, Laure Gress, Yannick Lippi, Claire Naylies, Yvon Billon, Laurence Liaubet, Pierre Mormede, and Nathalie Villa-Vialaneix

Subjects
Stress, Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, Cortisol, Time-course, Systems biology, Microarray, Biotechnology, TP248.13-248.65, Genetics, QH426-470
Abstract

Abstract Background Stress is a generic term used to describe non-specific responses of the body to all kinds of challenges. A very large variability in the response can be observed across individuals, depending on numerous conditioning factors like genetics, early influences and life history. As a result, there is a wide range of individual vulnerability and resilience to stress, also called robustness. The importance of robustness-related traits in breeding strategies is increasing progressively towards the production of animals with a high level of production under a wide range of climatic conditions and management systems, together with a lower environmental impact and a high level of animal welfare. The present study aims at describing blood transcriptomic, hormonal, and metabolic responses of pigs to a systemic challenge using lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The objective is to analyze the individual variation of the biological responses in relation to the activity of the HPA axis measured by the levels of plasma cortisol after LPS and ACTH in 120 juvenile Large White (LW) pigs. The kinetics of the response was measured with biological variables and whole blood gene expression at 4 time points. A multilevel statistical analysis was used to take into account the longitudinal aspect of the data. Results Cortisol level reaches its peak 4 h after LPS injection. The characteristic changes of white blood cell count to LPS were observed, with a decrease of total count, maximal at t=+4 h, and the mirror changes in the respective proportions of lymphocytes and granulocytes. The lymphocytes / granulocytes ratio was maximal at t=+1 h. An integrative statistical approach was used and provided a set of candidate genes for kinetic studies and ongoing complementary studies focused on the LPS-stimulated inflammatory response. Conclusions The present study demonstrates the specific biomarkers indicative of an inflammation in swine. Furthermore, these stress responses persist for prolonged periods of time and at significant expression levels, making them good candidate markers for evaluating the efficacy of anti-inflammatory drugs.

Published
2017
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9. Thermoregulation at birth differs between piglets from two genetic lines divergent for residual feed intake

Author

Laure Gress, S. Reigner, Yvon Billon, Laurianne Canario, L. Ravon, Hélène Gilbert, Agnès Bonnet, J. Bailly, Océane Schmitt, Laurence Liaubet, L. Bluy, teagasc Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation center, University of Edinburgh, Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Unité Expérimentale Elevages Porcins Innovants (GenESI), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Génétique Physiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage (GenPhySE ), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)

Subjects
Survival, 040301 veterinary sciences, Swine, Feed efficiency, Biology, Weight Gain, SF1-1100, Feed conversion ratio, 0403 veterinary science, Eating, Animal science, Pregnancy, Neonatal, Respiration, medicine, Animals, Pig, Neonatal survival, Body Weight, 0402 animal and dairy science, Infant, Newborn, Parturition, Rectal temperature, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Thermoregulation, 040201 dairy & animal science, Animal Feed, Animal culture, [SDV.GEN.GA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Animal genetics, Infrared thermography, Genetic selection, Animal Science and Zoology, Female, medicine.symptom, Residual feed intake, Weight gain, Body Temperature Regulation
Abstract

International audience; Thermoregulation is essential to piglets' neonatal survivaL This study used infrared thermography (IRT) to assess thermoregulation abilities of piglets from two lines divergent for residual feed intake (RFI). At birth, morphology (weight, length, width and circumference), vigour (respiration, mobility and vocalisation), and rectal temperature were recorded from piglets of the 11th generation of the low RFI (LRFI, more efficient; n = 34) and the high RFI (HRFI, less efficient; n = 28) lines. Infrared thermography images were taken at 8, 15, 30 and 60 min post partum. Temperatures of the ear base and tip, and of the back ( i.e. shoulders to rumps) were extracted (Thermacam Researcher Pro 2.0) and analysed with linear mixed models (SAS 9.4). Piglets had different average hourly weight gain (HRH = 7.1 +/- 1.3 g/h, LRFI = 3.6 +/- 1.3 g/h; P < 0,001) but did not differ in morphology or vigour. All temperatures increased overtime. At birth, piglets' rectal temperature was correlated with the initial temperature of the ear base and the maximum back temperature (0.37 and 0.33, respectively; P< 0.05). High residual feed intake piglets had lower ear tip temperatures than LRFI piglets at 15 (24.7 +/- 037 degrees C vs. 26.3 +/- 036 degrees C, respectively: F-1,F- 63.5 = 9.11,P < 0.005) and 30 min post partum (26.2 +/- 0.47 degrees C vs. 27.6 +/- 0.44 degrees C, respectively; F-1,F- 66.9 = 4.52, P < 0.05). Moreover, thermal pattern of the ear tip differed between the two genetic lines. In conclusion, IRT allowed non-invasive assessment of piglets' thermoregulation abilities and indicated an influence of genetic selection for RFI on neonatal thermoregulation abilities. (C) 2020 Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of The Animal Consortium.

Published
2020
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10. Responses of pigs divergently selected for cortisol level or feed efficiency to a challenge diet

Author

Hélène Gilbert, Elena Terenina, Julien Ruesche, Laure Gress, Yvon Billon, Pierre Mormede, Catherine Larzul, Génétique Physiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage (GenPhySE ), École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Génétique, Expérimentation et Système Innovants (GenESI), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), European Project: 633531,H2020,H2020-SFS-2014-2,Feed-a-Gene(2015), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse (ENSAT), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)

Subjects
pig, stress, [SDV.OT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Other [q-bio.OT], feed efficiency, genetic, fibre diet, ACTH
Abstract

International audience; Selection for feed efficiency is questioned as reducing the ability of farm animals to face stress and overcome challenges. The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis activity, measured by the cortisol level in plasma after ACTH injection, has been proposed as an indicator of robustness. The objectives of this study were to evaluate (1) if a modified cortisol level in pigs alters their feed efficiency and their production performance; and (2) if alternative dietary resources would affect these responses. Parallel trials including divergent lines for plasma cortisol 1 hour after ACTH injection and divergent lines for residual feed intake (RFI) were run during growth with a conventional diet and a diet with high fibres, low energy and low protein content. Selection for higher or lower plasma cortisol levels after stimulation of the adrenal gland did not impact growth and feed intake traits, but it had a significant impact on body composition and carcass yield, with improved composition in the high cortisol animals. The two lines had similar responses to an alternative diet, with decreased growth rate and feed intake, and increased feed conversion ratio. On the other hand, lines selected for divergent RFI had different responses to the alternative diet, the more efficient line having a more reduced growth rate with the diet with lower energy and AA contents. However, in terms of FCR it remained more efficient. The initial hypothesis of decreased efficiency associated to increased cortisol was not validated. This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant no. 633531.

Published
2019

11. Efficacité alimentaire et activité de l’axe corticotrope : comparaison des caractères de production dans des lignées divergentes soumises à un aliment fibreux

Author

Hélène Gilbert, Elena Terenina, Julien Ruesche, Laure Gress, Yvon Billon, Pierre Mormede, Catherine Larzul, Génétique Physiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage (GenPhySE ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse (ENSAT), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT), Génétique, Expérimentation et Système Innovants (GenESI), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), European Project: 613574,EC:FP7:KBBE,FP7-KBBE-2013-7-single-stage,PROHEALTH(2013), École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées

Subjects
[SDV.GEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, [SDV.GEN.GA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Animal genetics, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], efficacité alimentaire, sélection, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], cortisol, robustesse, engraissement, porc
Abstract

National audience; An unfavourable relationship between responses to stress and feed efficiency has been proposed. Parallel trials were run, including divergent lines for residual feed intake and divergent lines for plasma cortisol response 1 h after ACTH injection. At 6 weeks of age, 48 pigs from each of the four lines were injected with ACTH. Plasma cortisol was measured before injection, and 1 h and 4 h later. Growth rate, feed intake, feed efficiency, body composition and meat quality were measured during the growing-finishing period on the same pigs fed either a conventional diet (9.7 MJ net energy (NE) and 160 g crude protein/kg) or a diet with an increased proportion of dietary fibres to dilute NE and digestible amino acids (AA) by 10%. Comparison of the lines selected for feed efficiency showed that the response to ACTH was slightly stronger, and lasted longer, in the more efficient line (P < 0.05). During the feed challenge, the growth rate of the most efficient line decreased more with the diet with lower NE and AA contents than that of the less efficient line (P < 0.06). However, in terms of feed efficiency, the more efficient line remained more efficient. On the other hand, comparison of the 'response to ACTH' lines showed no difference for growth and feed intake during the growth period, but a higher carcass yield and a leaner body composition of animals with higher plasma cortisol after ACTH injection. Thus, the initial hypothesis of a negative association between feed efficiency and the HPA axis activity is not supported.; Une relation défavorable entre réponse au stress et efficacité alimentaire est souvent mise en avant. Deux lignées divergentes pour l’efficacité alimentaire, et deux lignées divergentes pour la réponse en cortisol plasmatique à une injection d’ACTH, indicateur de l’activité de l’axe corticotrope, ont été testées en parallèle. A 6 semaines d’âge, 48 porcs par lignée ont reçu une injection d’ACTH. Le cortisol plasmatique a été mesuré avant injection, 1 h et 4 h après injection. La vitesse de croissance, l’ingestion, l’efficacité alimentaire, la composition de carcasse et la qualité de la viande ont été enregistrées. La moitié des animaux a reçu un aliment croissance conventionnel (9,7 MJ d’énergie nette (EN) et 160 g de protéines brutes/kg), et l’autre moitié a été soumise à un challenge alimentaire avec un aliment contenant des fibres alimentaires pour diluer l’EN et les acides aminés digestibles dans une proportion de 10%. La réponse à l’ACTH a été légèrement plus forte, et prolongée dans le temps, dans la lignée la plus efficace (P < 0,05). La vitesse de croissance et l’ingéré de la lignée plus efficace soumise à un régime fibreux ont été plus diminués que ceux des porcs moins efficaces (P < 0,06), mais l’avantage d’efficacité alimentaire a été maintenu. D’autre part, la comparaison des lignées « réponse à l’ACTH » ne montre pas de différence pour les caractères de croissance et d’ingestion pendant la période de croissance, quel que soit l’aliment, mais montre une composition corporelle plus maigre des porcs ayant une concentration de cortisol plasmatique plus élevée. Ainsi, contrairement à l’hypothèse initiale, la sélection pour une meilleure efficacité alimentaire n’affecte pas négativement la réponse à l’ACTH, et la diminution de l’activité de l’axe corticotrope n’est pas favorablement corrélée aux performances.

Published
2019

12. Responses of pigs divergently selected for cortisol level or feed efficiency to a challenge diet during growth

Author

Hélène Gilbert, Elena Terenina, Julien Ruesche, Laure Gress, Yvon Billon, Pierre Mormede, Catherine Larzul, Génétique Physiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage (GenPhySE ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT], UE 1372 Génétique, Expérimentation et Système Innovants, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Génétique animale (G.A.)-Physiologie Animale et Systèmes d'Elevage (PHASE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Génétique, Expérimentation et Système Innovants (GenESI), École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Génétique, Expérimentation et Système Innovants (GenESI), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)

Subjects
pig, stress, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], feed efficiency, dietary fibre, cortisol, genetic, ACTH
Abstract

Selection for feed efficiency is questioned as reducing the ability of farm animals to face stress and overcome challenges. The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis activity, measured by the cortisol level in plasma after ACTH injection, has been proposed as an indicator of robustness. The objectives of this study were to evaluate 1. if a modified cortisol level in pigs alters their feed efficiency and their production performance, 2. if alternative dietary resources would affect these responses. Parallel trials including divergent lines for plasma cortisol 1 hour after ACTH injection and divergent lines for residual feed intake (RFI) were run during growth with a conventional diet and a diet with high fibres, low energy and low protein content. Selection for higher or lower plasma cortisol levels after stimulation of the adrenal gland did not impact growth and feed intake traits, but it had a significant impact on body composition and carcass yield, with improved composition in the high cortisol animals. The two lines had similar responses to an alternative diet, with decreased growth rate and feed intake, and increased feed conversion ratio. On the other hand, lines selected for divergent RFI had different responses to the alternative diet, the more efficient line having a more reduced growth rate with the diet with lower energy and AA contents. However, in terms of FCR it remained more efficient. The initial hypothesis of decreased efficiency associated to increased cortisol was not validated.

Published
2018

13. Genetic determinism of cortisol levels in pig

Author

Catherine Larzul, Elena Terenina, Yvon Billon, Laure Gress, Pierre Mormede, Génétique Physiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage (GenPhySE ), École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Génétique, Expérimentation et Système Innovants (GenESI), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and ANR

Subjects
pig, endocrine system, [SDV.GEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, [SDV.GEN.GA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Animal genetics, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], gwas, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], robustness, cortisol, genetic, hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists
Abstract

International audience; The plasma cortisol levels measured one hour after injection of ACTH reflects the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis activity. The test was performed on piglets at 6 weeks of age. It was investigated as a potential selection criterion to improve pig robustness. From a base population of Large White pigs, two divergent lines were derived for 3 generations of selection, one selected for a high cortisol level (H line), one for a low cortisol level (L line). All breeders, as well as unselected animals, were also genotyped on a 70kSNP chip. At the 3rd generation of selection, the divergence between the two lines was about 5 genetic standard deviations. The high heritability of the trait was confirmed (h² = 0.64 ± 0.03). The genetic correlations with individual body weights and growth rates measured during lactation, post weaning and finishing periods were very low except for the genetic correlation between cortisol level and post-weaning growth rate (rg=-0.22 ± 0.10). The genome-wide association study revealed a quantitative trait locus influencing post-ACTH cortisol level, located on chromosome 2. It was suggested that divergent selection modified the frequency of NR3C1 alleles, favouring the hypersensitive glucocorticoid receptor in the low line.

Published
2018

14. Time course study of the response to LPS targeting the pig immune gene networks

Author

Darya Bazovkina, Laure Gress, Laurence Liaubet, Pierre Mormède, Valérie Sautron, Nathalie Villa-Vialaneix, Elena Terenina, Caroline Ydier, Yannick Lippi, Amélie Sevin-Pujol, Yvon Billon, Claire Naylies, Génétique Physiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage (GenPhySE ), École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Russian Academy of Science, Siberian Branch, Department of Behavioral Neurogenomics, Partenaires INRAE, Transcriptomic impact of Xenobiotics (E23 TRiX), ToxAlim (ToxAlim), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole d'Ingénieurs de Purpan (INPT - EI Purpan), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Plateforme Génome & Transcriptome (GET), Génopole Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées [Auzeville] (GENOTOUL), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Génopole Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées [Auzeville] (GENOTOUL), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Génétique, Expérimentation et Système Innovants (GenESI), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Unité de Mathématiques et Informatique Appliquées de Toulouse (MIAT INRA), ANR-12-ADAP-0008, Région Midi-Pyrénées, Embassy of France in Russia (Mechnikov Program)., Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)

Subjects
Lipopolysaccharides, Male, 0301 basic medicine, Candidate gene, Stress, Hypothalamic, pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, Cortisol, Time-course, Systems biology, Microarray, Pig, PORCINE PBMCS, SIGNIFICANTLY INFLUENCES, TRANSCRIPTOMIC ANALYSIS, MOLECULAR-GENETICS, GROWING PIGS, EXPRESSION, INNATE, SWINE, LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE, ACTIVATION, Hydrocortisone, Lipopolysaccharide, Swine, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Gene Regulatory Networks, [MATH]Mathematics [math], Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, Whole blood, 2. Zero hunger, medicine.anatomical_structure, Female, medicine.symptom, Research Article, Biotechnology, medicine.drug, lcsh:QH426-470, lcsh:Biotechnology, Inflammation, Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, lcsh:TP248.13-248.65, White blood cell, Genetics, medicine, Animals, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], [SDV.GEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, Gene Expression Profiling, Immunity, Blood Cell Count, Gene expression profiling, lcsh:Genetics, [SDV.GEN.GA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Animal genetics, Kinetics, 030104 developmental biology, chemistry, Immunology, Transcriptome, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

Background Stress is a generic term used to describe non-specific responses of the body to all kinds of challenges. A very large variability in the response can be observed across individuals, depending on numerous conditioning factors like genetics, early influences and life history. As a result, there is a wide range of individual vulnerability and resilience to stress, also called robustness. The importance of robustness-related traits in breeding strategies is increasing progressively towards the production of animals with a high level of production under a wide range of climatic conditions and management systems, together with a lower environmental impact and a high level of animal welfare. The present study aims at describing blood transcriptomic, hormonal, and metabolic responses of pigs to a systemic challenge using lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The objective is to analyze the individual variation of the biological responses in relation to the activity of the HPA axis measured by the levels of plasma cortisol after LPS and ACTH in 120 juvenile Large White (LW) pigs. The kinetics of the response was measured with biological variables and whole blood gene expression at 4 time points. A multilevel statistical analysis was used to take into account the longitudinal aspect of the data. Results Cortisol level reaches its peak 4 h after LPS injection. The characteristic changes of white blood cell count to LPS were observed, with a decrease of total count, maximal at t=+4 h, and the mirror changes in the respective proportions of lymphocytes and granulocytes. The lymphocytes / granulocytes ratio was maximal at t=+1 h. An integrative statistical approach was used and provided a set of candidate genes for kinetic studies and ongoing complementary studies focused on the LPS-stimulated inflammatory response. Conclusions The present study demonstrates the specific biomarkers indicative of an inflammation in swine. Furthermore, these stress responses persist for prolonged periods of time and at significant expression levels, making them good candidate markers for evaluating the efficacy of anti-inflammatory drugs. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-017-4363-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Published
2017
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15. Adaptive response under multiple stress exposure in fish: From the molecular to individual level

Author

Laure Gress, Annie Perrault, Pierre Mormède, Hélène Budzinski, Séverine Jean, Nathalie Tapie, Pascal Laffaille, Roselyne Gautier, Allison Gandar, Marie Tremblay-Franco, Cécile Canlet, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Analyse de Xénobiotiques, Identification, Métabolisme (E20 Metatoul-AXIOM), ToxAlim (ToxAlim), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole d'Ingénieurs de Purpan (INPT - EI Purpan), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-MetaToul-MetaboHUB, Génopole Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées [Auzeville] (GENOTOUL), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Génopole Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées [Auzeville] (GENOTOUL), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Génétique Physiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage (GenPhySE ), École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Molecular Sciences Institute (ISM), CNRS, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole d'Ingénieurs de Purpan (INPT - EI Purpan), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT], Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-MetaToul-MetaboHUB, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Pollution, Environmental Engineering, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, media_common.quotation_subject, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 010501 environmental sciences, Biology, 01 natural sciences, Toxicology, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Metabolomics, Stress, Physiological, Biologie animale, Animals, Environmental Chemistry, oxidative stress, 14. Life underwater, Pesticides, goldfish, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, media_common, Tebuconazole, Animal biology, Aquatic ecosystem, Stressor, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, temperature, General Medicine, General Chemistry, Adaptive response, Pesticide, Adaptation, Physiological, Pendimethalin, Médecine vétérinaire et santé animal, 030104 developmental biology, climate change, chemistry, pesticide mixture, metabolomic, nuclear magnetic resonance NMR, 13. Climate action, Veterinary medicine and animal Health, Water Pollutants, Chemical
Abstract

Notice à reprendre pas de clé UT au 9 Octobre 2017; Aquatic systems are subjected to various sources of stress due to global changes, such as increasingtemperature and pollution. A major challenge for the next decade will be to evaluate the combinedeffects of these multiple stressors on organisms and ecosystems. For organisms submitted to chemical,biological or physical stressors, the capacity to set up an efficient adaptive response is a fundamentalprerequisite for their long-term survival and performance. In this study, goldfish (Carassius auratus) weresubjected to individual and combined pesticide mixtures and increased temperatures to evaluate theiradaptive response in multistress conditions from the molecular to the individual level. Fish were exposedfor 16 days to a mixture of pesticides at environmental relevant concentrations (S-metolachlor, isoproturon,linuron, atrazine-desethyl, aclonifen, pendimethalin and tebuconazole) and at two temperatures(22 C and 32 C). Three major physiological traits of the stress response were measured: thehormonal response (i.e. plasma cortisol), the metabolic balance from molecular to individuals' levels(metabolomics, cellular energy allocation, energy reserves and global condition indexes), and the cellulardefense system induction (SOD, CAT and GST). Results show that (1) environmentally relevant concentrationsof pesticides lead to significant responses in fish at all biological levels; (2) the metabolicresponse depends on the nature of stress (thermal vs. chemical); and (3) fish may be unable to set up anefficient adaptive response when chemical and thermal stresses were combined, with adverse outcomesat the individuals’ level.

Published
2017
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16. Comparing the intestinal transcriptome of Meishan and Large White piglets during late fetal development reveals genes involved in glucose and lipid metabolism and immunity as valuable clues of intestinal maturity

Author

H. Quesnel, Laure Gress, Marie-Christine Père, Véronique Romé, Laurianne Canario, Laurence Liaubet, Gaëlle Boudry, Yannick Lippi, Ying Yao, Isabelle Le Huërou-Luron, Magali SanCristobal, Yvon Billon, Samir Dou, Valentin Voillet, Pierre Mormède, Nathalie Iannucelli, Maëva Jégou, Nutrition, Métabolismes et Cancer (NuMeCan), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Sichuan Agricultural University, Génétique Physiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage (GenPhySE ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT], Physiologie, Environnement et Génétique pour l'Animal et les Systèmes d'Elevage [Rennes] (PEGASE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, ToxAlim (ToxAlim), Ecole d'Ingénieurs de Purpan (INPT - EI Purpan), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UPS), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), This project received financial support from French National Agency of Research (PORCINET project, ANR-09-GENM005), Agrocampus Ouest (FRANCE), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse - ENVT (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique - INRA (FRANCE), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale - INSERM (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Sichuan Agriculture University - SICAU (CHINA), Université de Rennes 1 (FRANCE), Génétique, Physiologie et Systèmes d’Elevage - GenPhySE (Toulouse, France), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse (ENSAT), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT), Transcriptomic impact of Xenobiotics (E23 TRiX), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Ecole d'Ingénieurs de Purpan (INP - PURPAN), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Plateforme Génome & Transcriptome (GET), Génopole Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées [Auzeville] (GENOTOUL), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Génopole Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées [Auzeville] (GENOTOUL), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Génétique, Expérimentation et Système Innovants (GenESI), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), PORCINET project, ANR-09-GENM005, The French National Research Agency, China Scholarship Council (CSC)-INRA joint PhD program, INRA GA and PHASE departments and the region Midi-Pyrénées, ANR-09-GENM-0005,PORCINET,Approche intégrée de la maturité des porcelets(2009), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole d'Ingénieurs de Purpan (INPT - EI Purpan), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Génétique, Expérimentation et Système Innovants, Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Plateforme Génome & Transcriptome (GET), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Génopole Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées [Auzeville] (GENOTOUL), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), AGROCAMPUS OUEST-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole d'Ingénieurs de Purpan (INPT - EI Purpan), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Plateforme Génome & Transcriptome (GET), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Génopole Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées [Auzeville] (GENOTOUL), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), (OATAO), Open Archive Toulouse Archive Ouverte, and Génomique et biotechnologies végétales - Approche intégrée de la maturité des porcelets - - PORCINET2009 - ANR-09-GENM-0005 - GENOM-BTV - VALID

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, pig, Microarray, Swine, Transcriptome, Fetal Development, 0302 clinical medicine, Intestinal Mucosa, 2. Zero hunger, Genetics, [SDV.BDD.EO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Development Biology/Embryology and Organogenesis, Phenotype, Intestine, Intestines, [SDV.BBM.GTP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Genomics [q-bio.GN], PPARGC1A, microarray, Biotechnology, Research Article, Offspring, Biology, Carbohydrate metabolism, Andrology, Maturity, Lipid and glucose metabolism, Inflammation, Pig, 03 medical and health sciences, intestin, [SDV.BBM.GTP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Genomics [q-bio.GN], [SDV.BA.ZV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Vertebrate Zoology, Biologie animale, Animals, métabolisme du glucose, Fetus, métabolisme lipidique, Gene Expression Profiling, Immunity, Ripening, Lipid metabolism, maturité, Lipid Metabolism, 030104 developmental biology, Glucose, [SDV.BDD.EO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Development Biology/Embryology and Organogenesis, [SDV.BA.ZV] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Vertebrate Zoology, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, porc
Abstract

Background Maturity of intestinal functions is critical for neonatal health and survival, but comprehensive description of mechanisms underlying intestinal maturation that occur during late gestation still remain poorly characterized. The aim of this study was to investigate biological processes specifically involved in intestinal maturation by comparing fetal jejunal transcriptomes of two representative porcine breeds (Large White, LW; Meishan, MS) with contrasting neonatal vitality and maturity, at two key time points during late gestation (gestational days 90 and 110). MS and LW sows inseminated with mixed semen (from breed LW and MS) gave birth to both purebred and crossbred fetuses. We hypothesized that part of the differences in neonatal maturity between the two breeds results from distinct developmental profiles of the fetal intestine during late gestation. Reciprocal crossed fetuses were used to analyze the effect of parental genome. Transcriptomic data and 23 phenotypic variables known to be associated with maturity trait were integrated using multivariate analysis with expectation of identifying relevant genes-phenotypic variable relationships involved in intestinal maturation. Results A moderate maternal genotype effect, but no paternal genotype effect, was observed on offspring intestinal maturation. Four hundred and four differentially expressed probes, corresponding to 274 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), more specifically involved in the maturation process were further studied. In day 110-MS fetuses, Ingenuity® functional enrichment analysis revealed that 46% of DEGs were involved in glucose and lipid metabolism, cell proliferation, vasculogenesis and hormone synthesis compared to day 90-MS fetuses. Expression of genes involved in immune pathways including phagocytosis, inflammation and defense processes was changed in day 110-LW compared to day 90-LW fetuses (corresponding to 13% of DEGs). The transcriptional regulator PPARGC1A was predicted to be an important regulator of differentially expressed genes in MS. Fetal blood fructose level, intestinal lactase activity and villous height were the best predicted phenotypic variables with probes mostly involved in lipid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism and cellular movement biological pathways. Conclusions Collectively, our findings indicate that the neonatal maturity of pig intestine may rely on functional development of glucose and lipid metabolisms, immune phagocyte differentiation and inflammatory pathways. This process may partially be governed by PPARGC1A. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-017-4001-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Published
2017
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17. Analyse génétique de la réponse à l'ACTH chez le porc, relation avec des caractères de robustesse

Author

Pierre Mormede, Elena Mormede, Laure Gress, Yvon Billon, Stéphane Ferchaud, Catherine Larzul, Génétique Physiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage (GenPhySE ), École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Génétique, Expérimentation et Système Innovants (GenESI), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT], UE 1372 Génétique, Expérimentation et Système Innovants, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Génétique animale (G.A.)-Physiologie Animale et Systèmes d'Elevage (PHASE), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Génétique, Expérimentation et Système Innovants (GenESI)

Subjects
pig, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], sélection, génétique, cortisol, concentration plasmatique
Abstract

L'axe corticotrope est une composante majeure des régulations métaboliques et des mécanismes biologiques de l'adaptation. L'activité de l'axe corticotrope et sa fonction sont fortement influencées par des facteurs génétiques. Les expériences présentes ont été conçues pour tester l'hypothèse que la sélection génétique pour un axe corticotrope plus actif peut améliorer la robustesse des porcs. Les expériences ont été faites avec des porcs Large White en race pure. Nous avons d'abord confirmé que la réponse du cortisol à l'ACTH est hautement héritable (h2 = 0,68 ± 0,12) dans cette population et peut donc être utilisée pour réaliser une expérience de sélection divergente. Dès la deuxième génération, de grandes différences dans le caractère de sélection ont été obtenues (concentration plasmatique de cortisol post-ACTH : 84,8 vs 127,5 ng/ml dans les lignées basse et haute, respectivement, P < 10-16), mais aussi dans les caractères de reproduction (35% de spermatozoïdes en plus par éjaculat (P = 3.10-4), un taux de mise bas de 11 points de plus (P > 0,10) et 1,5 porcelet vivant de plus par portée (P = 0,06) dans la lignée haute de reproducteurs G1). Les concentrations élevées de cortisol ont eu une influence négative sur la croissance en post-sevrage (418 vs 394 g/jour, P = 0,0013) et en engraissement (799 vs 754 g/jour, P < 0,0001), mais favorable sur la composition de carcasse (TVM : 58,8 vs 60,4%, lignée basse vs lignée haute, P < 0,001). Ces résultats confirment que l’axe corticotrope a des effets contrastés sur les caractères fonctionnels et de production. Ils devront être confirmés dans la 3° génération de sélection en cours et un bilan global sera réalisé avant de pouvoir proposer le test à l’ACTH comme critère de sélection pour obtenir des animaux plus robustes., The adrenocortical axis is a major component of metabolic regulation and biological adaptation processes. Its activity and functions are strongly influenced by genetic factors. The present experiments were designed to address the hypothesis that genetic selection for a more active adrenocortical axis could improve robustness. They were carried out with purebred Large White pigs. We first confirmed that the cortisol response to ACTH is highly heritable (h2 = 0.68 ± 0.12) in this population and can therefore be used for a divergent selection experiment. As early as the second generation of selection, large differences were obtained in the selection trait (post-ACTH plasma cortisol concentration: 84.8 vs 127.5 ng/mL in the low and high lines, respectively, P < 10-16); differences were also obtained in several reproduction traits (35 % more sperm per ejaculate (P = 3.10-4), 11 points higher pregnancy rate (P > 0.10), and 1.5 more piglets born alive per litter (P = 0.06) in the high line). Higher cortisol concentrations had a negative influence on growth rate during both post-weaning (418 vs 394 g/jour, P = 0.0013) and fattening (799 vs 754 g/jour, P < 0.0001) but improved carcass composition (lean%: 58.8 vs 60.4, low vs high line P < 0,001). These results confirm that the adrenocortical axis activity has a contrasted influence on functional and production traits. They have to be confirmed in the third generation for a comprehensive evaluation of the interest of selecting a more active adrenocortical axis to obtain animals that are more robust.

Published
2016

18. Time course of the response to ACTH in pig: biological and transcriptomic study

Author

Valérie Sautron, Nathalie Villa-Vialaneix, Laure Gress, Laurence Liaubet, Catherine Larzul, Elena Terenina, Yannick Lippi, Yvon Billon, Pierre Mormède, Génétique Physiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage (GenPhySE ), École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Transcriptomic impact of Xenobiotics (E23 TRiX), ToxAlim (ToxAlim), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole d'Ingénieurs de Purpan (INPT - EI Purpan), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Plateforme Génome & Transcriptome (GET), Génopole Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées [Auzeville] (GENOTOUL), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Génopole Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées [Auzeville] (GENOTOUL), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Génétique, Expérimentation et Système Innovants (GenESI), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Unité de Mathématiques et Informatique Appliquées de Toulouse (MIAT INRA), ANR-12-ADAP-0008,SUSoSTRESS,Génétique moléculaire des réponses de stress et robustesse chez le Porc(2012), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Génopole Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées [Auzeville] (GENOTOUL), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Paris 13 ( UP13 ), GenPhySE - UMR 1388 ( Génétique Physiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-ENVT, Toxicologie Alimentaire ( UTA ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, UE 1372 Génétique, Expérimentation et Système Innovants, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Génétique animale ( G.A. ) -Physiologie Animale et Systèmes d'Elevage ( PHASE ) -Génétique, Expérimentation et Système Innovants ( GenESI ), Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative ( GABI ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -AgroParisTech, Unité de Mathématiques et Informatique Appliquées de Toulouse ( MIAT INRA ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), ANR-12-ADAP-0008,SUSoSTRESS,Génétique moléculaire des réponses de stress et robustesse chez le Porc ( 2012 ), Université Paris 13 (UP13), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT], Toxicologie Alimentaire (UTA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Génétique animale (G.A.)-Physiologie Animale et Systèmes d'Elevage (PHASE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Génétique, Expérimentation et Système Innovants (GenESI), Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative (GABI), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, endocrine system, Microarray, Hydrocortisone, Swine, Time-course, Adrenocorticotropic hormone, Biology, [ SDV.BA ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology, Stress, Cortisol, Transcriptome, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Glucocorticoid receptor, Adrenocorticotropic Hormone, Stress, Physiological, Internal medicine, Gene expression, medicine, Genetics, Animals, Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, 030304 developmental biology, 2. Zero hunger, 0303 health sciences, Pig, Microarray analysis techniques, [SDV.BA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology, Systems biology, MESSENGER-RNA EXPRESSION, PORCINE GLUCOCORTICOID-RECEPTOR, PITUITARY-ADRENAL AXIS, MEAT QUALITY TRAITS, GENE-EXPRESSION, SYNERGISTIC INTERACTIONS, MOLECULAR-GENETICS, PERIPHERAL-BLOOD, CANDIDATE GENES, IMMUNE-SYSTEM, Kinetics, Endocrinology, Female, FKBP5, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists, medicine.drug, Research Article, Biotechnology
Abstract

Background HPA axis plays a major role in physiological homeostasis. It is also involved in stress and adaptive response to the environment. In farm animals in general and specifically in pigs, breeding strategies have highly favored production traits such as lean growth rate, feed efficiency and prolificacy at the cost of robustness. On the hypothesis that the HPA axis could contribute to the trade-off between robustness and production traits, we have designed this experiment to explore individual variation in the biological response to the main stress hormone, cortisol, in pigs. We used ACTH injections to trigger production of cortisol in 120 juvenile Large White (LW) pigs from 28 litters and the kinetics of the response was measured with biological variables and whole blood gene expression at 4 time points. A multilevel statistical analysis was used to take into account the longitudinal aspect of the data. Results Cortisol level reached its peak 1 h after ACTH injection. White blood cell composition was modified with a decrease of lymphocytes and monocytes and an increase of granulocytes (FDR

Published
2015
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19. Maternal and fetal genetic effects on the maturation of the adrenal gland in pigs. Transcriptomic studies

Author

Elena Terenina, Pierre Mormède, Sami Yammine, Laure Gress, Nathalie Iannuccelli, Yannick Lippi, Pascal Martin, Magali San Cristobal, Laurence Liaubet, Laboratoire de Génétique Cellulaire (LGC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Transcriptomic impact of Xenobiotics (E23 TRiX), ToxAlim (ToxAlim), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole d'Ingénieurs de Purpan (INPT - EI Purpan), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Plateforme Génome & Transcriptome (GET), Génopole Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées [Auzeville] (GENOTOUL), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Génopole Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées [Auzeville] (GENOTOUL), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), PORCINET ANR-09-GENM-005, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole d'Ingénieurs de Purpan (INPT - EI Purpan), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Plateforme Génome & Transcriptome (GET), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and ProdInra, Migration

Subjects
[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], pig, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], transcriptomic, genetic, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
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