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1. Author Correction: Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity

Author

Grantham, H. S., Duncan, A., Evans, T. D., Jones, K. R., Beyer, H. L., Schuster, R., Walston, J., Ray, J. C., Robinson, J. G., Callow, M., Clements, T., Costa, H. M., DeGemmis, A., Elsen, P. R., Ervin, J., Franco, P., Goldman, E., Goetz, S., Hansen, A., Hofsvang, E., Jantz, P., Jupiter, S., Kang, A., Langhammer, P., Laurance, W. F., Lieberman, S., Linkie, M., Malhi, Y., Maxwell, S., Mendez, M., Mittermeier, R., Murray, N. J., Possingham, H., Radachowsky, J., Saatchi, S., Samper, C., Silverman, J., Shapiro, A., Strassburg, B., Stevens, T., Stokes, E., Taylor, R., Tear, T., Tizard, R., Venter, O., Visconti, P., Wang, S., and Watson, J. E. M.

Published
2021
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2. Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity

Author

Grantham, H. S., Duncan, A., Evans, T. D., Jones, K. R., Beyer, H. L., Schuster, R., Walston, J., Ray, J. C., Robinson, J. G., Callow, M., Clements, T., Costa, H. M., DeGemmis, A., Elsen, P. R., Ervin, J., Franco, P., Goldman, E., Goetz, S., Hansen, A., Hofsvang, E., Jantz, P., Jupiter, S., Kang, A., Langhammer, P., Laurance, W. F., Lieberman, S., Linkie, M., Malhi, Y., Maxwell, S., Mendez, M., Mittermeier, R., Murray, N. J., Possingham, H., Radachowsky, J., Saatchi, S., Samper, C., Silverman, J., Shapiro, A., Strassburg, B., Stevens, T., Stokes, E., Taylor, R., Tear, T., Tizard, R., Venter, O., Visconti, P., Wang, S., and Watson, J. E. M.

Published
2020
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4. Pattern and Process in Amazon Tree Turnover, 1976-2001

Author

Phillips, O. L., Baker, T. R., Arroyo, L., Higuchi, N., Killeen, T. J., Laurance, W. F., Lewis, S. L., Lloyd, J., Malhi, Y., Monteagudo, A., Vargas, P. Núñez, Terborgh, J., Martínez, R. Vásquez, Almeida, S., Brown, S., Comiskey, J. A., Patiño, S., Quesada, C. A., and Vinceti, B.

Published
2004

5. Persistent effects of pre-Columbian plant domestication on Amazonian forest composition

Author

Levis, C., Costa, F. R. C., Bongers, F., Peña-Claros, M., Clement, C. R., Junqueira, A. B., Neves, E. G., Tamanaha, E. K., Figueiredo, F. O. G., Salomão, R. P., Castilho, C. V., Magnusson, W. E., Phillips, O. L., Guevara, J. E., Sabatier, D., Molino, J.-F., López, D. Cárdenas, Mendoza, A. M., Pitman, N. C. A., Duque, A., Vargas, P. Núñez, Zartman, C. E., Vasquez, R., Andrade, A., Camargo, J. L., Feldpausch, T. R., Laurance, S. G. W., Laurance, W. F., Killeen, T. J., Nascimento, H. E. Mendonça, Montero, J. C., Mostacedo, B., Amaral, I. L., Vieira, I. C. Guimarães, Brienen, R., Castellanos, H., Terborgh, J., de Jesus Veiga Carim, M., da Silva Guimarães, J. R., de Souza Coelho, L., de Almeida Matos, F. D., Wittmann, F., Mogollón, H. F., Damasco, G., Dávila, N., García-Villacorta, R., Coronado, E. N. H., Emilio, T., de Andrade Lima Filho, D., Schietti, J., Souza, P., Targhetta, N., Comiskey, J. A., Marimon, B. S., Marimon, B.-H., Neill, D., Alonso, A., Arroyo, L., Carvalho, F. A., de Souza, F. C., Dallmeier, F., Pansonato, M. P., Duivenvoorden, J. F., Fine, P. V. A., Stevenson, P. R., Araujo-Murakami, A., Aymard C., G. A., Baraloto, C., do Amaral, D. D., Engel, J., Henkel, T. W., Maas, P., Petronelli, P., Revilla, J. D. Cardenas, Stropp, J., Daly, D., Gribel, R., Paredes, M. Ríos, Silveira, M., Thomas-Caesar, R., Baker, T. R., da Silva, N. F., Ferreira, L. V., Peres, C. A., Silman, M. R., Cerón, C., Valverde, F. C., Di Fiore, A., Jimenez, E. M., Mora, M. C. Peñuela, Toledo, M., Barbosa, E. M., de Matos Bonates, L. C., Arboleda, N. C., de Sousa Farias, E., Fuentes, A., Guillaumet, J.-L., Jørgensen, P. Møller, Malhi, Y., de Andrade Miranda, I. P., Phillips, J. F., Prieto, A., Rudas, A., Ruschel, A. R., Silva, N., von Hildebrand, P., Vos, V. A., Zent, E. L., Zent, S., Cintra, B. B. L., Nascimento, M. T., Oliveira, A. A., Ramirez-Angulo, H., Ramos, J. F., Rivas, G., Schöngart, J., Sierra, R., Tirado, M., van der Heijden, G., Torre, E. V., Wang, O., Young, K. R., Baider, C., Cano, A., Farfan-Rios, W., Ferreira, C., Hoffman, B., Mendoza, C., Mesones, I., Torres-Lezama, A., Medina, M. N. U., van Andel, T. R., Villarroel, D., Zagt, R., Alexiades, M. N., Balslev, H., Garcia-Cabrera, K., Gonzales, T., Hernandez, L., Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, I., Manzatto, A. G., Milliken, W., Cuenca, W. P., Pansini, S., Pauletto, D., Arevalo, F. R., Reis, N. F. Costa, Sampaio, A. F., Giraldo, L. E. Urrego, Sandoval, E. H. Valderrama, Gamarra, L. Valenzuela, Vela, C. I. A., and ter Steege, H.

Published
2017

6. An International Network to Monitor the Structure, Composition and Dynamics of Amazonian Forests (RAINFOR)

Author

Malhi, Y., Phillips, O. L., Lloyd, J., Baker, T., Wright, J., Almeida, S., Arroyo, L., Frederiksen, T., Grace, J., Higuchi, N., Killeen, T., Laurance, W. F., Leaño, C., Lewis, S., Meir, P., Monteagudo, A., Neill, D., Vargas, P. Núñez, Panfil, S. N., Patiño, S., Pitman, N., Quesada, C. A., Rudas-Ll., A., Salomão, R., Saleska, S., Silva, N., Silveira, M., Sombroek, W. G., Valencia, R., Martínez, R. Vásquez, Vieira, I. C. G., and Vinceti, B.

Published
2002

10. Forest Fragmentation and Biodiversity in Central Amazonia

Author

Gascon, C., Laurance, W. F., Lovejoy, T. E., Baldwin, I. T., editor, Caldwell, M. M., editor, Heldmaier, G., editor, Lange, O. L., editor, Mooney, Harold A., editor, Schulze, E.-D., editor, Sommer, U., editor, Bradshaw, Gay A., editor, and Marquet, Pablo A., editor

Published
2003
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12. Long-term decline of the Amazon carbon sink

Author

Brienen, R. J. W., Phillips, O. L., Feldpausch, T. R., Gloor, E., Baker, T. R., Lloyd, J., Lopez-Gonzalez, G., Monteagudo-Mendoza, A., Malhi, Y., Lewis, S. L., Vásquez Martinez, R., Alexiades, M., Álvarez Dávila, E., Alvarez-Loayza, P., Andrade, A., Aragão, L. E. O. C., Araujo-Murakami, A., Arets, E. J. M. M., Arroyo, L., Aymard, G. A. C., Bánki, O. S., Baraloto, C., Barroso, J., Bonal, D., Boot, R. G. A., Camargo, J. L. C., Castilho, C. V., Chama, V., Chao, K. J., Chave, J., Comiskey, J. A., Cornejo Valverde, F., da Costa, L., de Oliveira, E. A., Di Fiore, A., Erwin, T. L., Fauset, S., Forsthofer, M., Galbraith, D. R., Grahame, E. S., Groot, N., Hérault, B., Higuchi, N., Honorio Coronado, E. N., Keeling, H., Killeen, T. J., Laurance, W. F., Laurance, S., Licona, J., Magnussen, W. E., Marimon, B. S., Marimon-Junior, B. H., Mendoza, C., Neill, D. A., Nogueira, E. M., Núñez, P., Pallqui Camacho, N. C., Parada, A., Pardo-Molina, G., Peacock, J., Peña-Claros, M., Pickavance, G. C., Pitman, N. C. A., Poorter, L., Prieto, A., Quesada, C. A., Ramírez, F., Ramírez-Angulo, H., Restrepo, Z., Roopsind, A., Rudas, A., Salomão, R. P., Schwarz, M., Silva, N., Silva-Espejo, J. E., Silveira, M., Stropp, J., Talbot, J., ter Steege, H., Teran-Aguilar, J., Terborgh, J., Thomas-Caesar, R., Toledo, M., Torello-Raventos, M., Umetsu, R. K., van der Heijden, G. M. F., van der Hout, P., Guimarães Vieira, I. C., Vieira, S. A., Vilanova, E., Vos, V. A., and Zagt, R. J.

Published
2015
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14. Author Correction: Tree mode of death and mortality risk factors across Amazon forests (Nature Communications, (2020), 11, 1, (5515), 10.1038/s41467-020-18996-3)

Author

Esquivel-Muelbert, A, Phillips, OL, Brienen, RJW, Fauset, S, Sullivan, MJP, Baker, TR, Chao, KJ, Feldpausch, TR, Gloor, E, Higuchi, N, Houwing-Duistermaat, J, Lloyd, J, Liu, H, Malhi, Y, Marimon, B, Marimon Junior, BH, Monteagudo-Mendoza, A, Poorter, L, Silveira, M, Torre, EV, Dávila, EA, del Aguila Pasquel, J, Almeida, E, Loayza, PA, Andrade, A, Aragão, LEOC, Araujo-Murakami, A, Arets, E, Arroyo, L, Aymard C, GA, Baisie, M, Baraloto, C, Camargo, PB, Barroso, J, Blanc, L, Bonal, D, Bongers, F, Boot, R, Brown, F, Burban, B, Camargo, JL, Castro, W, Moscoso, VC, Chave, J, Comiskey, J, Valverde, FC, da Costa, AL, Cardozo, ND, Di Fiore, A, Dourdain, A, Erwin, T, Llampazo, GF, Vieira, ICG, Herrera, R, Honorio Coronado, E, Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, I, Jimenez-Rojas, E, Killeen, T, Laurance, S, Laurance, W, Levesley, A, Lewis, SL, Ladvocat, KLLM, Lopez-Gonzalez, G, Lovejoy, T, Meir, P, Mendoza, C, Morandi, P, Neill, D, Nogueira Lima, AJ, Vargas, PN, de Oliveira, EA, Camacho, NP, Pardo, G, Peacock, J, Peña-Claros, M, Peñuela-Mora, MC, Pickavance, G, Pipoly, J, Pitman, N, Prieto, A, Pugh, TAM, Quesada, C, Ramirez-Angulo, H, de Almeida Reis, SM, Rejou-Machain, M, Correa, ZR, Bayona, LR, Rudas, A, Salomão, R, Serrano, J, Espejo, JS, Silva, N, Singh, J, Stahl, C, Stropp, J, Swamy, V, Talbot, J, ter Steege, H, and Terborgh, J

Abstract

The original version of this Article contained an error in Table 2, where the number of individuals in the “All Amazonia” row was reported as 11,6431 instead of 116,431. Also, the original version of this Article contained an error in the Methods, where the R2 for the proportion of broken/uprooted dead trees increase per year was reported as 0.12, the correct value being 0.06. The original version of this Article contained errors in the author affiliations. The affiliation of Gerardo A. Aymard C. with UNELLEZGuanare, Herbario Universitario (PORT), Portuguesa, Venezuela Compensation International Progress S.A. Ciprogress–Greenlife.

Published
2021

15. Taking the pulse of Earth's tropical forests using networks of highly distributed plots

Author

Blundo, C, Carilla, J, Grau, R, Malizia, A, Malizia, L, Osinaga-Acosta, O, Bird, M, Bradford, M, Catchpole, D, Ford, A, Graham, A, Hilbert, D, Kemp, J, Laurance, S, Laurance, W, Ishida, FY, Marshall, A, Waite, C, Woell, H, Bastin, JF, Bauters, M, Beeckman, H, Boeckx, P, Bogaert, J, De Canniere, C, de Haulleville, T, Doucet, JL, Hardy, O, Hubau, W, Kearsley, E, Verbeeck, H, Vleminckx, J, Brewer, SW, Alarcón, A, Araujo-Murakami, A, Arets, E, Arroyo, L, Chavez, E, Fredericksen, T, Villaroel, RG, Sibauty, GG, Killeen, T, Licona, JC, Lleigue, J, Mendoza, C, Murakami, S, Gutierrez, AP, Pardo, G, Peña-Claros, M, Poorter, L, Toledo, M, Cayo, JV, Viscarra, LJ, Vos, V, Ahumada, J, Almeida, E, Almeida, J, de Oliveira, EA, da Cruz, WA, de Oliveira, AA, Carvalho, FA, Obermuller, FA, Andrade, A, Vieira, SA, Aquino, AC, Aragão, L, Araújo, AC, Assis, MA, Gomes, JAMA, Baccaro, F, de Camargo, PB, Barni, P, Barroso, J, Bernacci, LC, Bordin, K, de Medeiros, MB, Broggio, I, Camargo, JL, Cardoso, D, Carniello, MA, Rochelle, ALC, Castilho, C, Castro, AAJF, Castro, W, Ribeiro, SC, Costa, F, de Oliveira, RC, Coutinho, I, Cunha, J, da Costa, L, da Costa Ferreira, L, da Costa Silva, R, da Graça Zacarias Simbine, M, de Andrade Kamimura, V, de Lima, HC, de Oliveira Melo, L, de Queiroz, L, de Sousa Lima, JR, do Espírito Santo, M, Blundo, C, Carilla, J, Grau, R, Malizia, A, Malizia, L, Osinaga-Acosta, O, Bird, M, Bradford, M, Catchpole, D, Ford, A, Graham, A, Hilbert, D, Kemp, J, Laurance, S, Laurance, W, Ishida, FY, Marshall, A, Waite, C, Woell, H, Bastin, JF, Bauters, M, Beeckman, H, Boeckx, P, Bogaert, J, De Canniere, C, de Haulleville, T, Doucet, JL, Hardy, O, Hubau, W, Kearsley, E, Verbeeck, H, Vleminckx, J, Brewer, SW, Alarcón, A, Araujo-Murakami, A, Arets, E, Arroyo, L, Chavez, E, Fredericksen, T, Villaroel, RG, Sibauty, GG, Killeen, T, Licona, JC, Lleigue, J, Mendoza, C, Murakami, S, Gutierrez, AP, Pardo, G, Peña-Claros, M, Poorter, L, Toledo, M, Cayo, JV, Viscarra, LJ, Vos, V, Ahumada, J, Almeida, E, Almeida, J, de Oliveira, EA, da Cruz, WA, de Oliveira, AA, Carvalho, FA, Obermuller, FA, Andrade, A, Vieira, SA, Aquino, AC, Aragão, L, Araújo, AC, Assis, MA, Gomes, JAMA, Baccaro, F, de Camargo, PB, Barni, P, Barroso, J, Bernacci, LC, Bordin, K, de Medeiros, MB, Broggio, I, Camargo, JL, Cardoso, D, Carniello, MA, Rochelle, ALC, Castilho, C, Castro, AAJF, Castro, W, Ribeiro, SC, Costa, F, de Oliveira, RC, Coutinho, I, Cunha, J, da Costa, L, da Costa Ferreira, L, da Costa Silva, R, da Graça Zacarias Simbine, M, de Andrade Kamimura, V, de Lima, HC, de Oliveira Melo, L, de Queiroz, L, de Sousa Lima, JR, and do Espírito Santo, M

Abstract

Tropical forests are the most diverse and productive ecosystems on Earth. While better understanding of these forests is critical for our collective future, until quite recently efforts to measure and monitor them have been largely disconnected. Networking is essential to discover the answers to questions that transcend borders and the horizons of funding agencies. Here we show how a global community is responding to the challenges of tropical ecosystem research with diverse teams measuring forests tree-by-tree in thousands of long-term plots. We review the major scientific discoveries of this work and show how this process is changing tropical forest science. Our core approach involves linking long-term grassroots initiatives with standardized protocols and data management to generate robust scaled-up results. By connecting tropical researchers and elevating their status, our Social Research Network model recognises the key role of the data originator in scientific discovery. Conceived in 1999 with RAINFOR (South America), our permanent plot networks have been adapted to Africa (AfriTRON) and Southeast Asia (T-FORCES) and widely emulated worldwide. Now these multiple initiatives are integrated via ForestPlots.net cyber-infrastructure, linking colleagues from 54 countries across 24 plot networks. Collectively these are transforming understanding of tropical forests and their biospheric role. Together we have discovered how, where and why forest carbon and biodiversity are responding to climate change, and how they feedback on it. This long-term pan-tropical collaboration has revealed a large long-term carbon sink and its trends, as well as making clear which drivers are most important, which forest processes are affected, where they are changing, what the lags are, and the likely future responses of tropical forests as the climate continues to change. By leveraging a remarkably old technology, plot networks are sparking a very modern revolution in tropical forest sc

Published
2021

16. Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity

Author

Grantham, H. S., Duncan, A., Evans, T. D., Jones, K. R., Beyer, H. L., Schuster, R., Walston, J., Ray, J. C., Robinson, J. G., Callow, M., Clements, T., Costa, H. M., DeGemmis, A., Elsen, P. R., Ervin, J., Franco, P., Goldman, E., Goetz, S., Hansen, A., Hofsvang, E., Jantz, P., Jupiter, S., Kang, A., Langhammer, P., Laurance, W. F., Lieberman, S., Linkie, M., Malhi, Y., Maxwell, S., Mendez, M., Mittermeier, R., Murray, N. J., Possingham, H., Radachowsky, J., Saatchi, S., Samper, C., Silverman, J., Shapiro, A., Strassburg, B., Stevens, T., Stokes, E., Taylor, R., Tear, T., Tizard, R., Venter, O., Visconti, P., Wang, S., Watson, J. E. M., Grantham, H. S., Duncan, A., Evans, T. D., Jones, K. R., Beyer, H. L., Schuster, R., Walston, J., Ray, J. C., Robinson, J. G., Callow, M., Clements, T., Costa, H. M., DeGemmis, A., Elsen, P. R., Ervin, J., Franco, P., Goldman, E., Goetz, S., Hansen, A., Hofsvang, E., Jantz, P., Jupiter, S., Kang, A., Langhammer, P., Laurance, W. F., Lieberman, S., Linkie, M., Malhi, Y., Maxwell, S., Mendez, M., Mittermeier, R., Murray, N. J., Possingham, H., Radachowsky, J., Saatchi, S., Samper, C., Silverman, J., Shapiro, A., Strassburg, B., Stevens, T., Stokes, E., Taylor, R., Tear, T., Tizard, R., Venter, O., Visconti, P., Wang, S., and Watson, J. E. M.

Abstract

Many global environmental agendas, including halting biodiversity loss, reversing land degradation, and limiting climate change, depend upon retaining forests with high ecological integrity, yet the scale and degree of forest modification remain poorly quantified and mapped. By integrating data on observed and inferred human pressures and an index of lost connectivity, we generate a globally consistent, continuous index of forest condition as determined by the degree of anthropogenic modification. Globally, only 17.4 million km2 of forest (40.5%) has high landscape-level integrity (mostly found in Canada, Russia, the Amazon, Central Africa, and New Guinea) and only 27% of this area is found in nationally designated protected areas. Of the forest inside protected areas, only 56% has high landscape-level integrity. Ambitious policies that prioritize the retention of forest integrity, especially in the most intact areas, are now urgently needed alongside current efforts aimed at halting deforestation and restoring the integrity of forests globally.

Published
2021

17. Long-term thermal sensitivity of Earth's tropical forests

Author

Sullivan, M.J.P., Lewis, S.L., Affum-Baffoe, K., Castilho, C., Costa, F., Sanchez, A.C., Ewango, C.E.N., Hubau, W., Marimon, B., Monteagudo-Mendoza, A., Qie, L., Sonké, B., Martinez, R.V., Baker, T.R., Brienen, R.J.W., Feldpausch, T.R., Galbraith, D., Gloor, M., Malhi, Y., Aiba, S.-I., Alexiades, M.N., Almeida, E.C., de Oliveira, E.A., Dávila, E.Á., Loayza, P.A., Andrade, A., Vieira, S.A., Aragão, L.E.O.C., Araujo-Murakami, A., Arets, E.J.M.M., Arroyo, L., Ashton, P., Aymard C, G., Baccaro, F.B., Banin, L.F., Baraloto, C., Camargo, P.B., Barlow, J., Barroso, J., Bastin, J.-F., Batterman, S.A., Beeckman, H., Begne, S.K., Bennett, A.C., Berenguer, E., Berry, N., Blanc, L., Boeckx, P., Bogaert, J., Bonal, D., Bongers, F., Bradford, M., Brearley, F.Q., Brncic, T., Brown, F., Burban, B., Camargo, J.L., Castro, W., Céron, C., Ribeiro, S.C., Moscoso, V.C., Chave, J., Chezeaux, E., Clark, C.J., de Souza, F.C., Collins, M., Comiskey, J.A., Valverde, F.C., Medina, M.C., da Costa, L., Dančák, M., Dargie, G.C., Davies, S., Cardozo, N.D., de Haulleville, T., de Medeiros, M.B., Del Aguila Pasquel, J., Derroire, G., Di Fiore, A., Doucet, J.-L., Dourdain, A., Droissant, V., Duque, L.F., Ekoungoulou, R., Elias, F., Erwin, T., Esquivel-Muelbert, A., Fauset, S., Ferreira, J., Llampazo, G.F., Foli, E., Ford, A., Gilpin, M., Hall, J.S., Hamer, K.C., Hamilton, A.C., Harris, D.J., Hart, T.B., Hédl, R., Herault, B., Herrera, R., Higuchi, N., Hladik, A., Coronado, E.H., Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, I., Huasco, W.H., Jeffery, K.J., Jimenez-Rojas, E., Kalamandeen, M., Djuikouo, M.N.K., Kearsley, E., Umetsu, R.K., Kho, L.K., Killeen, T., Kitayama, K., Klitgaard, B., Koch, A., Labrière, N., Laurance, W., Laurance, S., Leal, M.E., Levesley, A., Lima, A.J.N., Lisingo, J., Lopes, A.P., Lopez-Gonzalez, G., Lovejoy, T., Lovett, J.C., Lowe, R., Magnusson, W.E., Malumbres-Olarte, J., Manzatto, ÂG., Marimon B.H., Jr, Marshall, A.R., Marthews, T., de Almeida Reis, S.M., Maycock, C., Melgaço, K., Mendoza, C., Metali, F., Mihindou, V., Milliken, W., Mitchard, E.T.A., Morandi, P.S., Mossman, H.L., Nagy, L., Nascimento, H., Neill, D., Nilus, R., Vargas, P.N., Palacios, W., Camacho, N.P., Peacock, J., Pendry, C., Peñuela Mora, M.C., Pickavance, G.C., Pipoly, J., Pitman, N., Playfair, M., Poorter, L., Poulsen, J.R., Poulsen, A.D., Preziosi, R., Prieto, A., Primack, R.B., Ramírez-Angulo, H., Reitsma, J., Réjou-Méchain, M., Correa, Z.R., de Sousa, T.R., Bayona, L.R., Roopsind, A., Rudas, A., Rutishauser, E., Abu Salim, K., Salomão, R.P., Schietti, J., Sheil, D., Silva, R.C., Espejo, J.S., Valeria, C.S., Silveira, M., Simo-Droissart, M., Simon, M.F., Singh, J., Soto Shareva, Y.C., Stahl, C., Stropp, J., Sukri, R., Sunderland, T., Svátek, M., Swaine, M.D., Swamy, V., Taedoumg, H., Talbot, J., Taplin, J., Taylor, D., Ter Steege, H., Terborgh, J., Thomas, R., Thomas, S.C., Torres-Lezama, A., Umunay, P., Gamarra, L.V., van der Heijden, G., van der Hout, P., van der Meer, P., van Nieuwstadt, M., Verbeeck, H., Vernimmen, R., Vicentini, A., Vieira, I.C.G., Torre, E.V., Vleminckx, J., Vos, V., Wang, O., White, L.J.T., Willcock, S., Woods, J.T., Wortel, V., Young, K., Zagt, R., Zemagho, L., Zuidema, P.A., Zwerts, J.A., Phillips, O.L., Sullivan, M.J.P., Lewis, S.L., Affum-Baffoe, K., Castilho, C., Costa, F., Sanchez, A.C., Ewango, C.E.N., Hubau, W., Marimon, B., Monteagudo-Mendoza, A., Qie, L., Sonké, B., Martinez, R.V., Baker, T.R., Brienen, R.J.W., Feldpausch, T.R., Galbraith, D., Gloor, M., Malhi, Y., Aiba, S.-I., Alexiades, M.N., Almeida, E.C., de Oliveira, E.A., Dávila, E.Á., Loayza, P.A., Andrade, A., Vieira, S.A., Aragão, L.E.O.C., Araujo-Murakami, A., Arets, E.J.M.M., Arroyo, L., Ashton, P., Aymard C, G., Baccaro, F.B., Banin, L.F., Baraloto, C., Camargo, P.B., Barlow, J., Barroso, J., Bastin, J.-F., Batterman, S.A., Beeckman, H., Begne, S.K., Bennett, A.C., Berenguer, E., Berry, N., Blanc, L., Boeckx, P., Bogaert, J., Bonal, D., Bongers, F., Bradford, M., Brearley, F.Q., Brncic, T., Brown, F., Burban, B., Camargo, J.L., Castro, W., Céron, C., Ribeiro, S.C., Moscoso, V.C., Chave, J., Chezeaux, E., Clark, C.J., de Souza, F.C., Collins, M., Comiskey, J.A., Valverde, F.C., Medina, M.C., da Costa, L., Dančák, M., Dargie, G.C., Davies, S., Cardozo, N.D., de Haulleville, T., de Medeiros, M.B., Del Aguila Pasquel, J., Derroire, G., Di Fiore, A., Doucet, J.-L., Dourdain, A., Droissant, V., Duque, L.F., Ekoungoulou, R., Elias, F., Erwin, T., Esquivel-Muelbert, A., Fauset, S., Ferreira, J., Llampazo, G.F., Foli, E., Ford, A., Gilpin, M., Hall, J.S., Hamer, K.C., Hamilton, A.C., Harris, D.J., Hart, T.B., Hédl, R., Herault, B., Herrera, R., Higuchi, N., Hladik, A., Coronado, E.H., Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, I., Huasco, W.H., Jeffery, K.J., Jimenez-Rojas, E., Kalamandeen, M., Djuikouo, M.N.K., Kearsley, E., Umetsu, R.K., Kho, L.K., Killeen, T., Kitayama, K., Klitgaard, B., Koch, A., Labrière, N., Laurance, W., Laurance, S., Leal, M.E., Levesley, A., Lima, A.J.N., Lisingo, J., Lopes, A.P., Lopez-Gonzalez, G., Lovejoy, T., Lovett, J.C., Lowe, R., Magnusson, W.E., Malumbres-Olarte, J., Manzatto, ÂG., Marimon B.H., Jr, Marshall, A.R., Marthews, T., de Almeida Reis, S.M., Maycock, C., Melgaço, K., Mendoza, C., Metali, F., Mihindou, V., Milliken, W., Mitchard, E.T.A., Morandi, P.S., Mossman, H.L., Nagy, L., Nascimento, H., Neill, D., Nilus, R., Vargas, P.N., Palacios, W., Camacho, N.P., Peacock, J., Pendry, C., Peñuela Mora, M.C., Pickavance, G.C., Pipoly, J., Pitman, N., Playfair, M., Poorter, L., Poulsen, J.R., Poulsen, A.D., Preziosi, R., Prieto, A., Primack, R.B., Ramírez-Angulo, H., Reitsma, J., Réjou-Méchain, M., Correa, Z.R., de Sousa, T.R., Bayona, L.R., Roopsind, A., Rudas, A., Rutishauser, E., Abu Salim, K., Salomão, R.P., Schietti, J., Sheil, D., Silva, R.C., Espejo, J.S., Valeria, C.S., Silveira, M., Simo-Droissart, M., Simon, M.F., Singh, J., Soto Shareva, Y.C., Stahl, C., Stropp, J., Sukri, R., Sunderland, T., Svátek, M., Swaine, M.D., Swamy, V., Taedoumg, H., Talbot, J., Taplin, J., Taylor, D., Ter Steege, H., Terborgh, J., Thomas, R., Thomas, S.C., Torres-Lezama, A., Umunay, P., Gamarra, L.V., van der Heijden, G., van der Hout, P., van der Meer, P., van Nieuwstadt, M., Verbeeck, H., Vernimmen, R., Vicentini, A., Vieira, I.C.G., Torre, E.V., Vleminckx, J., Vos, V., Wang, O., White, L.J.T., Willcock, S., Woods, J.T., Wortel, V., Young, K., Zagt, R., Zemagho, L., Zuidema, P.A., Zwerts, J.A., and Phillips, O.L.

Abstract

The sensitivity of tropical forest carbon to climate is a key uncertainty in predicting global climate change. Although short-term drying and warming are known to affect forests, it is unknown if such effects translate into long-term responses. Here, we analyze 590 permanent plots measured across the tropics to derive the equilibrium climate controls on forest carbon. Maximum temperature is the most important predictor of aboveground biomass (-9.1 megagrams of carbon per hectare per degree Celsius), primarily by reducing woody productivity, and has a greater impact per °C in the hottest forests (>32.2°C). Our results nevertheless reveal greater thermal resilience than observations of short-term variation imply. To realize the long-term climate adaptation potential of tropical forests requires both protecting them and stabilizing Earth's climate.

Published
2020

18. Fewer invited talks by women in evolutionary biology symposia

Author

Schroeder, J., Dugdale, H. L., Radersma, R., Hinsch, M., Buehler, D. M., Saul, J., Porter, L., Liker, A., De Cauwer, I., Johnson, P. J., Santure, A. W., Griffin, A. S., Bolund, E., Ross, L., Webb, T. J., Feulner, P. G. D., Winney, I., Szulkin, M., Komdeur, J., Versteegh, M. A., Hemelrijk, C. K., Svensson, E. I., Edwards, H., Karlsson, M., West, S. A., Barrett, E. L. B., Richardson, D. S., van den Brink, V., Wimpenny, J. H., Ellwood, S. A., Rees, M., Matson, K. D., Charmantier, A., dos Remedios, N., Schneider, N. A., Teplitsky, C., Laurance, W. F., Butlin, R. K., and Horrocks, N. P. C.

Published
2013
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21. Compositional response of Amazon forests to climate change

Author

Esquivel-Muelbert, A, Baker, TR, Dexter, KG, Lewis, SL, Brienen, RJW, Feldpausch, TR, Lloyd, J, Monteagudo-Mendoza, A, Arroyo, L, Álvarez-Dávila, E, Higuchi, N, Marimon, BS, Marimon-Junior, BH, Silveira, M, Vilanova, E, Gloor, E, Malhi, Y, Chave, J, Barlow, J, Bonal, D, Davila Cardozo, N, Erwin, T, Fauset, S, Hérault, B, Laurance, S, Poorter, L, Qie, L, Stahl, C, Sullivan, MJP, ter Steege, H, Vos, VA, Zuidema, PA, Almeida, E, Almeida de Oliveira, E, Andrade, A, Vieira, SA, Aragão, L, Araujo-Murakami, A, Arets, E, Aymard C, GA, Baraloto, C, Camargo, PB, Barroso, JG, Bongers, F, Boot, R, Camargo, JL, Castro, W, Chama Moscoso, V, Comiskey, J, Cornejo Valverde, F, Lola da Costa, AC, del Aguila Pasquel, J, Di Fiore, A, Fernanda Duque, L, Elias, F, Engel, J, Flores Llampazo, G, Galbraith, D, Herrera Fernández, R, Honorio Coronado, E, Hubau, W, Jimenez-Rojas, E, Lima, AJN, Umetsu, RK, Laurance, W, Lopez-Gonzalez, G, Lovejoy, T, Aurelio Melo Cruz, O, Morandi, PS, Neill, D, Núñez Vargas, P, Pallqui Camacho, NC, Parada Gutierrez, A, Pardo, G, Peacock, J, Peña-Claros, M, Peñuela-Mora, MC, Petronelli, P, Pickavance, GC, Pitman, N, Prieto, A, Quesada, C, Ramírez-Angulo, H, Réjou-Méchain, M, Restrepo Correa, Z, Roopsind, A, Rudas, A, Salomão, R, Silva, N, Silva Espejo, J, Singh, J, Stropp, J, Terborgh, J, Thomas, R, Toledo, M, Torres-Lezama, A, Valenzuela Gamarra, L, van de Meer, PJ, van der Heijden, G, van der Hout, P, Esquivel-Muelbert, A, Baker, TR, Dexter, KG, Lewis, SL, Brienen, RJW, Feldpausch, TR, Lloyd, J, Monteagudo-Mendoza, A, Arroyo, L, Álvarez-Dávila, E, Higuchi, N, Marimon, BS, Marimon-Junior, BH, Silveira, M, Vilanova, E, Gloor, E, Malhi, Y, Chave, J, Barlow, J, Bonal, D, Davila Cardozo, N, Erwin, T, Fauset, S, Hérault, B, Laurance, S, Poorter, L, Qie, L, Stahl, C, Sullivan, MJP, ter Steege, H, Vos, VA, Zuidema, PA, Almeida, E, Almeida de Oliveira, E, Andrade, A, Vieira, SA, Aragão, L, Araujo-Murakami, A, Arets, E, Aymard C, GA, Baraloto, C, Camargo, PB, Barroso, JG, Bongers, F, Boot, R, Camargo, JL, Castro, W, Chama Moscoso, V, Comiskey, J, Cornejo Valverde, F, Lola da Costa, AC, del Aguila Pasquel, J, Di Fiore, A, Fernanda Duque, L, Elias, F, Engel, J, Flores Llampazo, G, Galbraith, D, Herrera Fernández, R, Honorio Coronado, E, Hubau, W, Jimenez-Rojas, E, Lima, AJN, Umetsu, RK, Laurance, W, Lopez-Gonzalez, G, Lovejoy, T, Aurelio Melo Cruz, O, Morandi, PS, Neill, D, Núñez Vargas, P, Pallqui Camacho, NC, Parada Gutierrez, A, Pardo, G, Peacock, J, Peña-Claros, M, Peñuela-Mora, MC, Petronelli, P, Pickavance, GC, Pitman, N, Prieto, A, Quesada, C, Ramírez-Angulo, H, Réjou-Méchain, M, Restrepo Correa, Z, Roopsind, A, Rudas, A, Salomão, R, Silva, N, Silva Espejo, J, Singh, J, Stropp, J, Terborgh, J, Thomas, R, Toledo, M, Torres-Lezama, A, Valenzuela Gamarra, L, van de Meer, PJ, van der Heijden, G, and van der Hout, P

Abstract

© 2018 The Authors. Global Change Biology Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Most of the planet's diversity is concentrated in the tropics, which includes many regions undergoing rapid climate change. Yet, while climate-induced biodiversity changes are widely documented elsewhere, few studies have addressed this issue for lowland tropical ecosystems. Here we investigate whether the floristic and functional composition of intact lowland Amazonian forests have been changing by evaluating records from 106 long-term inventory plots spanning 30 years. We analyse three traits that have been hypothesized to respond to different environmental drivers (increase in moisture stress and atmospheric CO 2 concentrations): maximum tree size, biogeographic water-deficit affiliation and wood density. Tree communities have become increasingly dominated by large-statured taxa, but to date there has been no detectable change in mean wood density or water deficit affiliation at the community level, despite most forest plots having experienced an intensification of the dry season. However, among newly recruited trees, dry-affiliated genera have become more abundant, while the mortality of wet-affiliated genera has increased in those plots where the dry season has intensified most. Thus, a slow shift to a more dry-affiliated Amazonia is underway, with changes in compositional dynamics (recruits and mortality) consistent with climate-change drivers, but yet to significantly impact whole-community composition. The Amazon observational record suggests that the increase in atmospheric CO 2 is driving a shift within tree communities to large-statured species and that climate changes to date will impact forest composition, but long generation times of tropical trees mean that biodiversity change is lagging behind climate change.

Published
2019

22. Compositional response of Amazon forests to climate change

Author

Esquivel-Muelbert, A., Baker, T.R., Dexter, K.G., Lewis, S.L., Brienen, R.J.W., Feldpausch, T.R., Lloyd, J., Monteagudo-Mendoza, A., Arroyo, L., Álvarez-Dávila, E., Higuchi, N., Marimon, B.S., Marimon-Junior, B.H., Silveira, M., Vilanova, E., Gloor, E., Malhi, Y., Chave, J., Barlow, J., Bonal, D., Davila Cardozo, N., Erwin, T., Fauset, S., Hérault, B., Laurance, S., Poorter, L., Qie, L., Stahl, C., Sullivan, M.J.P., ter Steege, H., Vos, V.A., Zuidema, P.A., Almeida, E., Almeida de Oliveira, E., Andrade, A., Vieira, S.A., Aragão, L., Araujo-Murakami, A., Arets, E., Aymard C, G.A., Baraloto, C., Camargo, P.B., Barroso, J.G., Bongers, F., Boot, R., Camargo, J.L., Castro, W., Chama Moscoso, V., Comiskey, J., Cornejo Valverde, F., Lola da Costa, A.C., del Aguila Pasquel, J., Di Fiore, A., Fernanda Duque, L., Elias, F., Engel, J., Flores Llampazo, G., Galbraith, D., Herrera Fernández, R., Honorio Coronado, E., Hubau, W., Jimenez-Rojas, E., Lima, A.J.N., Umetsu, R.K., Laurance, W., Lopez-Gonzalez, G., Lovejoy, T., Aurelio Melo Cruz, O., Morandi, P.S., Neill, D., Núñez Vargas, P., Pallqui Camacho, N.C., Parada Gutierrez, A., Pardo, G., Peacock, J., Peña-Claros, M., Peñuela-Mora, M.C., Petronelli, P., Pickavance, G.C., Pitman, N., Prieto, A., Quesada, C., Ramírez-Angulo, H., Réjou-Méchain, M., Restrepo Correa, Z., Roopsind, A., Rudas, A., Salomão, R., Silva, N., Silva Espejo, J., Singh, J., Stropp, J., Terborgh, J., Thomas, R., Toledo, M., Torres-Lezama, A., Valenzuela Gamarra, L., van de Meer, P.J., van der Heijden, G., van der Hout, P., Vasquez Martinez, R., Vela, C., Vieira, I.C.G., Phillips, O.L., Esquivel-Muelbert, A., Baker, T.R., Dexter, K.G., Lewis, S.L., Brienen, R.J.W., Feldpausch, T.R., Lloyd, J., Monteagudo-Mendoza, A., Arroyo, L., Álvarez-Dávila, E., Higuchi, N., Marimon, B.S., Marimon-Junior, B.H., Silveira, M., Vilanova, E., Gloor, E., Malhi, Y., Chave, J., Barlow, J., Bonal, D., Davila Cardozo, N., Erwin, T., Fauset, S., Hérault, B., Laurance, S., Poorter, L., Qie, L., Stahl, C., Sullivan, M.J.P., ter Steege, H., Vos, V.A., Zuidema, P.A., Almeida, E., Almeida de Oliveira, E., Andrade, A., Vieira, S.A., Aragão, L., Araujo-Murakami, A., Arets, E., Aymard C, G.A., Baraloto, C., Camargo, P.B., Barroso, J.G., Bongers, F., Boot, R., Camargo, J.L., Castro, W., Chama Moscoso, V., Comiskey, J., Cornejo Valverde, F., Lola da Costa, A.C., del Aguila Pasquel, J., Di Fiore, A., Fernanda Duque, L., Elias, F., Engel, J., Flores Llampazo, G., Galbraith, D., Herrera Fernández, R., Honorio Coronado, E., Hubau, W., Jimenez-Rojas, E., Lima, A.J.N., Umetsu, R.K., Laurance, W., Lopez-Gonzalez, G., Lovejoy, T., Aurelio Melo Cruz, O., Morandi, P.S., Neill, D., Núñez Vargas, P., Pallqui Camacho, N.C., Parada Gutierrez, A., Pardo, G., Peacock, J., Peña-Claros, M., Peñuela-Mora, M.C., Petronelli, P., Pickavance, G.C., Pitman, N., Prieto, A., Quesada, C., Ramírez-Angulo, H., Réjou-Méchain, M., Restrepo Correa, Z., Roopsind, A., Rudas, A., Salomão, R., Silva, N., Silva Espejo, J., Singh, J., Stropp, J., Terborgh, J., Thomas, R., Toledo, M., Torres-Lezama, A., Valenzuela Gamarra, L., van de Meer, P.J., van der Heijden, G., van der Hout, P., Vasquez Martinez, R., Vela, C., Vieira, I.C.G., and Phillips, O.L.

Abstract

Most of the planet's diversity is concentrated in the tropics, which includes many regions undergoing rapid climate change. Yet, while climate-induced biodiversity changes are widely documented elsewhere, few studies have addressed this issue for lowland tropical ecosystems. Here we investigate whether the floristic and functional composition of intact lowland Amazonian forests have been changing by evaluating records from 106 long-term inventory plots spanning 30 years. We analyse three traits that have been hypothesized to respond to different environmental drivers (increase in moisture stress and atmospheric CO 2 concentrations): maximum tree size, biogeographic water-deficit affiliation and wood density. Tree communities have become increasingly dominated by large-statured taxa, but to date there has been no detectable change in mean wood density or water deficit affiliation at the community level, despite most forest plots having experienced an intensification of the dry season. However, among newly recruited trees, dry-affiliated genera have become more abundant, while the mortality of wet-affiliated genera has increased in those plots where the dry season has intensified most. Thus, a slow shift to a more dry-affiliated Amazonia is underway, with changes in compositional dynamics (recruits and mortality) consistent with climate-change drivers, but yet to significantly impact whole-community composition. The Amazon observational record suggests that the increase in atmospheric CO 2 is driving a shift within tree communities to large-statured species and that climate changes to date will impact forest composition, but long generation times of tropical trees mean that biodiversity change is lagging behind climate change.

Published
2019

23. Internal hemorrhoids: diagnosis with double-contrast barium enema examinations

Author

Levine, Marc S., Kam, Laurance W., Rubesin, Stephen E., and Ekberg, Olle

Subjects
Hemorrhoids -- Diagnosis, Endoscopy, Barium enema, Health
Abstract

Barium is one of the metallic, alkaline earth elements. When given as an enema, it can used as a contrast agent for subsequent X-ray examination. Barium enema (with X-ray examination) is typically used for patients with hemorrhoids to make sure that cancer is not involved. Although the technique is often used, there is limited information on how internal hemorrhoids are diagnosed. This study reviewed the records of 43 patients who underwent barium enema examination for suspected internal hemorrhoids. They had positive results and underwent further examination with endoscopy (visual examination with an optical device). Endoscopy found internal hemorrhoids in only 56 percent of the cases. Of the others, 35 percent had no abnormalities, and 9 percent had non-hemorrhoidal problems. Importantly, none of the suspected cases of internal hemorrhoids turned out to be cancer when endoscopy was subsequently performed (except in a few non-characteristic cases). It is also important to note that small hemorrhoids are often overlooked or not recorded during endoscopic examination; this may explain the low confirmation of internal hemorrhoids by endoscopy. Hemorrhoids appear on barium examination either as multiple, submucosal nodules or as lobulated folds. Hemorrhoids were more likely to be confirmed by endoscopy when barium results showed multiple, submucosal nodules than when lobulated folds were seen. Lobulated folds that extended more than 3 centimeters from the anorectal junction and solitary nodules were seen in a few patients and were indicative of possible cancer; these findings were excluded from consideration of the characteristics of internal hemorrhoids. These results suggest that specific criteria can be set for diagnosing internal hemorrhoids with barium enema examinations. When these criteria are not met, endoscopy should be used for further evaluation. (Consumer Summary produced by Reliance Medical Information, Inc.)

Published
1990

24. World scientists' warning to humanity A second notice

Author

Ripple, W. J., Wolf, C., Newsome, T. M., Galetti, M., Alamgir, M., Crist, E., Mahmoud, M. I., Laurance, W. F., Ripple, W. J., Wolf, C., Newsome, T. M., Galetti, M., Alamgir, M., Crist, E., Mahmoud, M. I., and Laurance, W. F.

Published
2017

25. The database of the PREDICTS (Projecting Responses of Ecological Diversity In Changing Terrestrial Systems) project

Author

Hudson, L., Newbold, T., Contu, S., Hill, S., Lysenko, I., De Palma, A., Phillips, H., Alhusseini, T., Bedford, F., Bennett, D., Booth, H., Burton, V., Chng, C., Choimes, A., Correia, D., Day, J., Echeverria-Londono, S., Emerson, S., Gao, D., Garon, M., Harrison, M., Ingram, D., Jung, M., Kemp, V., Kirkpatrick, L., Martin, C., Pan, Y., Pask-Hale, G., Pynegar, E., Robinson, A., Sanchez-Ortiz, K., Senior, R., Simmons, B., White, H., Zhang, H., Aben, J., Abrahamczyk, S., Adum, G., Aguilar-Barquero, V., Aizen, M., Albertos, B., Alcala, E., del Mar Alguacil, M., Alignier, A., Ancrenaz, M., Andersen, A., Arbelaez-Cortes, E., Armbrecht, I., Arroyo-Rodriguez, V., Aumann, T., Axmacher, J., Azhar, B., Azpiroz, A., Baeten, L., Bakayoko, A., Baldi, A., Banks, J., Baral, S., Barlow, J., Barratt, B., Barrico, L., Bartolommei, P., Barton, D., Basset, Y., Batary, P., Bates, A., Baur, B., Bayne, E., Beja, P., Benedick, S., Berg, A., Bernard, H., Berry, N., Bhatt, D., Bicknell, J., Bihn, J., Blake, R., Bobo, K., Bocon, R., Boekhout, T., Bohning-Gaese, K., Bonham, K., Borges, P., Borges, S., Boutin, C., Bouyer, J., Bragagnolo, C., Brandt, J., Brearley, F., Brito, I., Bros, V., Brunet, J., Buczkowski, G., Buddle, C., Bugter, R., Buscardo, E., Buse, J., Cabra-Garcia, J., Caceres, N., Cagle, N., Calvino-Cancela, M., Cameron, S., Cancello, E., Caparros, R., Cardoso, P., Carpenter, D., Carrijo, T., Carvalho, A., Cassano, C., Castro, H., Castro-Luna, A., Cerda, R., Cerezo, A., Chapman, K., Chauvat, M., Christensen, M., Clarke, F., Cleary, D., Colombo, G., Connop, S., Craig, M., Cruz-Lopez, L., Cunningham, S., D'Aniello, B., D'Cruze, N., da Silva, P., Dallimer, M., Danquah, E., Darvill, B., Dauber, J., Davis, A., Dawson, J., de Sassi, C., de Thoisy, B., Deheuvels, O., Dejean, A., Devineau, J., Diekoetter, T., Dolia, J., Dominguez, E., Dominguez-Haydar, Y., Dorn, S., Draper, I., Dreber, N., Dumont, B., Dures, S., Dynesius, M., Edenius, L., Eggleton, P., Eigenbrod, F., Elek, Z., Entling, M., Esler, K., De Lima, R., Faruk, A., Farwig, N., Fayle, T., Felicioli, A., Felton, A., Fensham, R., Fernandez, I., Ferreira, C., Ficetola, G., Fiera, C., Filgueiras, B., Firincioglu, H., Flaspohler, D., Floren, A., Fonte, S., Fournier, A., Fowler, R., Franzen, M., Fraser, L., Fredriksson, G., Freire-, G., Frizzo, T., Fukuda, D., Furlani, D., Gaigher, R., Ganzhorn, J., Garcia, K., Garcia-R, J., Garden, J., Garilleti, R., Ge, B., Gendreau-Berthiaume, B., Gerard, P., Gheler-Costa, C., Gilbert, B., Giordani, P., Giordano, S., Golodets, C., Gomes, L., Gould, R., Goulson, D., Gove, Aaron, Granjon, L., Grass, I., Gray, C., Grogan, J., Gu, W., Guardiola, M., Gunawardene, Nihara, Gutierrez, A., Gutierrez-Lamus, D., Haarmeyer, D., Hanley, M., Hanson, T., Hashim, N., Hassan, S., Hatfield, R., Hawes, J., Hayward, M., Hebert, C., Helden, A., Henden, J., Henschel, P., Hernandez, L., Herrera, J., Herrmann, F., Herzog, F., Higuera-Diaz, D., Hilje, B., Hofer, H., Hoffmann, A., Horgan, F., Hornung, E., Horvath, R., Hylander, K., Isaacs-Cubides, P., Ishida, H., Ishitani, M., Jacobs, C., Jaramillo, V., Jauker, B., Jimenez Hernandez, F., Johnson, M., Jolli, V., Jonsell, M., Juliani, S., Jung, T., Kapoor, V., Kappes, H., Kati, V., Katovai, E., Kellner, K., Kessler, M., Kirby, K., Kittle, A., Knight, M., Knop, E., Kohler, F., Koivula, M., Kolb, A., Kone, M., Koroesi, A., Krauss, J., Kumar, A., Kumar, R., Kurz, D., Kutt, A., Lachat, T., Lantschner, V., Lara, F., Lasky, J., Latta, S., Laurance, W., Lavelle, P., Le Feon, V., LeBuhn, G., Legare, J., Lehouck, V., Lencinas, M., Lentini, P., Letcher, S., Li, Q., Litchwark, S., Littlewood, N., Liu, Y., Lo-Man-Hung, N., Lopez-Quintero, C., Louhaichi, M., Lovei, G., Lucas-Borja, M., Luja, V., Luskin, M., MacSwiney G, M., Maeto, K., Magura, T., Mallari, N., Malone, L., Malonza, P., Malumbres-Olarte, J., Mandujano, S., Maren, I., Marin-Spiotta, E., Marsh, C., Marshall, E., Martinez, E., Pastur, G., Mateos, D., Mayfield, M., Mazimpaka, V., McCarthy, J., McCarthy, K., McFrederick, Q., McNamara, S., Medina, N., Medina, R., Mena, J., Mico, E., Mikusinski, G., Milder, J., Miller, J., Miranda-Esquivel, D., Moir, M., Morales, C., Muchane, M., Mudri-Stojnic, S., Munira, A., Muonz-Alonso, A., Munyekenye, B., Naidoo, R., Naithani, A., Nakagawa, M., Nakamura, A., Nakashima, Y., Naoe, S., Nates-Parra, G., Gutierrez, D., Navarro-Iriarte, L., Ndang'ang'a, P., Neuschulz, E., Ngai, J., Nicolas, V., Nilsson, S., Noreika, N., Norfolk, O., Noriega, J., Norton, D., Noeske, N., Nowakowski, A., Numa, C., O'Dea, N., O'Farrell, P., Oduro, W., Oertli, S., Ofori-Boateng, C., Oke, C., Oostra, V., Osgathorpe, L., Eduardo Otavo, S., Page, N., Paritsis, J., Parra-H, A., Parry, L., Pe'er, G., Pearman, P., Pelegrin, N., Pelissier, R., Peres, C., Peri, P., Persson, A., Petanidou, T., Peters, M., Pethiyagoda, R., Phalan, B., Philips, T., Pillsbury, F., Pincheira-Ulbrich, J., Pineda, E., Pino, J., Pizarro-Araya, J., Plumptre, A., Poggio, S., Politi, N., Pons, P., Poveda, K., Power, E., Presley, S., Proenca, V., Quaranta, M., Quintero, C., Rader, R., Ramesh, B., Ramirez-Pinilla, M., Ranganathan, J., Rasmussen, C., Redpath-Downing, N., Reid, J., Reis, Y., Rey Benayas, J., Carlos Rey-Velasco, J., Reynolds, C., Ribeiro, D., Richards, M., Richardson, B., Richardson, M., Macip Rios, R., Robinson, R., Robles, C., Roembke, J., Romero-Duque, L., Ros, M., Rosselli, L., Rossiter, S., Roth, D., Roulston, T., Rousseau, L., Rubio, A., Ruel, J., Sadler, J., Safian, S., Saldana-Vazquez, R., Sam, K., Samnegard, U., Santana, J., Santos, X., Savage, J., Schellhorn, N., Schilthuizen, M., Schmiedel, U., Schmitt, C., Schon, N., Schuepp, C., Schumann, K., Schweiger, O., Scott, D., Scott, K., Sedlock, J., Seefeldt, S., Shahabuddin, G., Shannon, G., Sheil, D., Sheldon, F., Shochat, E., Siebert, S., Silva, F., Simonetti, J., Slade, E., Smith, J., Smith-Pardo, A., Sodhi, N., Somarriba, E., Sosa, R., Soto Quiroga, G., St-Laurent, M., Starzomski, B., Stefanescu, C., Steffan-Dewenter, I., Stouffer, P., Stout, J., Strauch, A., Struebig, M., Su, Z., Suarez-Rubio, M., Sugiura, S., Summerville, K., Sung, Y., Sutrisno, H., Svenning, J., Teder, T., Threlfall, C., Tiitsaar, A., Todd, J., Tonietto, R., Torre, I., Tothmeresz, B., Tscharntke, T., Turner, E., Tylianakis, J., Uehara-Prado, M., Urbina-Cardona, N., Vallan, D., Vanbergen, A., Vasconcelos, H., Vassilev, K., Verboven, H., Verdasca, M., Verdu, J., Vergara, C., Vergara, P., Verhulst, J., Virgilio, M., Van Vu, L., Waite, E., Walker, T., Wang, H., Wang, Y., Watling, J., Weller, B., Wells, K., Westphal, C., Wiafe, E., Williams, C., Willig, M., Woinarski, J., Wolf, J., Wolters, V., Woodcock, B., Wu, J., Wunderle, J., Yamaura, Y., Yoshikura, S., Yu, D., Zaitsev, A., Zeidler, J., Zou, F., Collen, B., Ewers, R., Mace, G., Purves, D., Scharlemann, J., Purvis, A., Hudson, L., Newbold, T., Contu, S., Hill, S., Lysenko, I., De Palma, A., Phillips, H., Alhusseini, T., Bedford, F., Bennett, D., Booth, H., Burton, V., Chng, C., Choimes, A., Correia, D., Day, J., Echeverria-Londono, S., Emerson, S., Gao, D., Garon, M., Harrison, M., Ingram, D., Jung, M., Kemp, V., Kirkpatrick, L., Martin, C., Pan, Y., Pask-Hale, G., Pynegar, E., Robinson, A., Sanchez-Ortiz, K., Senior, R., Simmons, B., White, H., Zhang, H., Aben, J., Abrahamczyk, S., Adum, G., Aguilar-Barquero, V., Aizen, M., Albertos, B., Alcala, E., del Mar Alguacil, M., Alignier, A., Ancrenaz, M., Andersen, A., Arbelaez-Cortes, E., Armbrecht, I., Arroyo-Rodriguez, V., Aumann, T., Axmacher, J., Azhar, B., Azpiroz, A., Baeten, L., Bakayoko, A., Baldi, A., Banks, J., Baral, S., Barlow, J., Barratt, B., Barrico, L., Bartolommei, P., Barton, D., Basset, Y., Batary, P., Bates, A., Baur, B., Bayne, E., Beja, P., Benedick, S., Berg, A., Bernard, H., Berry, N., Bhatt, D., Bicknell, J., Bihn, J., Blake, R., Bobo, K., Bocon, R., Boekhout, T., Bohning-Gaese, K., Bonham, K., Borges, P., Borges, S., Boutin, C., Bouyer, J., Bragagnolo, C., Brandt, J., Brearley, F., Brito, I., Bros, V., Brunet, J., Buczkowski, G., Buddle, C., Bugter, R., Buscardo, E., Buse, J., Cabra-Garcia, J., Caceres, N., Cagle, N., Calvino-Cancela, M., Cameron, S., Cancello, E., Caparros, R., Cardoso, P., Carpenter, D., Carrijo, T., Carvalho, A., Cassano, C., Castro, H., Castro-Luna, A., Cerda, R., Cerezo, A., Chapman, K., Chauvat, M., Christensen, M., Clarke, F., Cleary, D., Colombo, G., Connop, S., Craig, M., Cruz-Lopez, L., Cunningham, S., D'Aniello, B., D'Cruze, N., da Silva, P., Dallimer, M., Danquah, E., Darvill, B., Dauber, J., Davis, A., Dawson, J., de Sassi, C., de Thoisy, B., Deheuvels, O., Dejean, A., Devineau, J., Diekoetter, T., Dolia, J., Dominguez, E., Dominguez-Haydar, Y., Dorn, S., Draper, I., Dreber, N., Dumont, B., Dures, S., Dynesius, M., Edenius, L., Eggleton, P., Eigenbrod, F., Elek, Z., Entling, M., Esler, K., De Lima, R., Faruk, A., Farwig, N., Fayle, T., Felicioli, A., Felton, A., Fensham, R., Fernandez, I., Ferreira, C., Ficetola, G., Fiera, C., Filgueiras, B., Firincioglu, H., Flaspohler, D., Floren, A., Fonte, S., Fournier, A., Fowler, R., Franzen, M., Fraser, L., Fredriksson, G., Freire-, G., Frizzo, T., Fukuda, D., Furlani, D., Gaigher, R., Ganzhorn, J., Garcia, K., Garcia-R, J., Garden, J., Garilleti, R., Ge, B., Gendreau-Berthiaume, B., Gerard, P., Gheler-Costa, C., Gilbert, B., Giordani, P., Giordano, S., Golodets, C., Gomes, L., Gould, R., Goulson, D., Gove, Aaron, Granjon, L., Grass, I., Gray, C., Grogan, J., Gu, W., Guardiola, M., Gunawardene, Nihara, Gutierrez, A., Gutierrez-Lamus, D., Haarmeyer, D., Hanley, M., Hanson, T., Hashim, N., Hassan, S., Hatfield, R., Hawes, J., Hayward, M., Hebert, C., Helden, A., Henden, J., Henschel, P., Hernandez, L., Herrera, J., Herrmann, F., Herzog, F., Higuera-Diaz, D., Hilje, B., Hofer, H., Hoffmann, A., Horgan, F., Hornung, E., Horvath, R., Hylander, K., Isaacs-Cubides, P., Ishida, H., Ishitani, M., Jacobs, C., Jaramillo, V., Jauker, B., Jimenez Hernandez, F., Johnson, M., Jolli, V., Jonsell, M., Juliani, S., Jung, T., Kapoor, V., Kappes, H., Kati, V., Katovai, E., Kellner, K., Kessler, M., Kirby, K., Kittle, A., Knight, M., Knop, E., Kohler, F., Koivula, M., Kolb, A., Kone, M., Koroesi, A., Krauss, J., Kumar, A., Kumar, R., Kurz, D., Kutt, A., Lachat, T., Lantschner, V., Lara, F., Lasky, J., Latta, S., Laurance, W., Lavelle, P., Le Feon, V., LeBuhn, G., Legare, J., Lehouck, V., Lencinas, M., Lentini, P., Letcher, S., Li, Q., Litchwark, S., Littlewood, N., Liu, Y., Lo-Man-Hung, N., Lopez-Quintero, C., Louhaichi, M., Lovei, G., Lucas-Borja, M., Luja, V., Luskin, M., MacSwiney G, M., Maeto, K., Magura, T., Mallari, N., Malone, L., Malonza, P., Malumbres-Olarte, J., Mandujano, S., Maren, I., Marin-Spiotta, E., Marsh, C., Marshall, E., Martinez, E., Pastur, G., Mateos, D., Mayfield, M., Mazimpaka, V., McCarthy, J., McCarthy, K., McFrederick, Q., McNamara, S., Medina, N., Medina, R., Mena, J., Mico, E., Mikusinski, G., Milder, J., Miller, J., Miranda-Esquivel, D., Moir, M., Morales, C., Muchane, M., Mudri-Stojnic, S., Munira, A., Muonz-Alonso, A., Munyekenye, B., Naidoo, R., Naithani, A., Nakagawa, M., Nakamura, A., Nakashima, Y., Naoe, S., Nates-Parra, G., Gutierrez, D., Navarro-Iriarte, L., Ndang'ang'a, P., Neuschulz, E., Ngai, J., Nicolas, V., Nilsson, S., Noreika, N., Norfolk, O., Noriega, J., Norton, D., Noeske, N., Nowakowski, A., Numa, C., O'Dea, N., O'Farrell, P., Oduro, W., Oertli, S., Ofori-Boateng, C., Oke, C., Oostra, V., Osgathorpe, L., Eduardo Otavo, S., Page, N., Paritsis, J., Parra-H, A., Parry, L., Pe'er, G., Pearman, P., Pelegrin, N., Pelissier, R., Peres, C., Peri, P., Persson, A., Petanidou, T., Peters, M., Pethiyagoda, R., Phalan, B., Philips, T., Pillsbury, F., Pincheira-Ulbrich, J., Pineda, E., Pino, J., Pizarro-Araya, J., Plumptre, A., Poggio, S., Politi, N., Pons, P., Poveda, K., Power, E., Presley, S., Proenca, V., Quaranta, M., Quintero, C., Rader, R., Ramesh, B., Ramirez-Pinilla, M., Ranganathan, J., Rasmussen, C., Redpath-Downing, N., Reid, J., Reis, Y., Rey Benayas, J., Carlos Rey-Velasco, J., Reynolds, C., Ribeiro, D., Richards, M., Richardson, B., Richardson, M., Macip Rios, R., Robinson, R., Robles, C., Roembke, J., Romero-Duque, L., Ros, M., Rosselli, L., Rossiter, S., Roth, D., Roulston, T., Rousseau, L., Rubio, A., Ruel, J., Sadler, J., Safian, S., Saldana-Vazquez, R., Sam, K., Samnegard, U., Santana, J., Santos, X., Savage, J., Schellhorn, N., Schilthuizen, M., Schmiedel, U., Schmitt, C., Schon, N., Schuepp, C., Schumann, K., Schweiger, O., Scott, D., Scott, K., Sedlock, J., Seefeldt, S., Shahabuddin, G., Shannon, G., Sheil, D., Sheldon, F., Shochat, E., Siebert, S., Silva, F., Simonetti, J., Slade, E., Smith, J., Smith-Pardo, A., Sodhi, N., Somarriba, E., Sosa, R., Soto Quiroga, G., St-Laurent, M., Starzomski, B., Stefanescu, C., Steffan-Dewenter, I., Stouffer, P., Stout, J., Strauch, A., Struebig, M., Su, Z., Suarez-Rubio, M., Sugiura, S., Summerville, K., Sung, Y., Sutrisno, H., Svenning, J., Teder, T., Threlfall, C., Tiitsaar, A., Todd, J., Tonietto, R., Torre, I., Tothmeresz, B., Tscharntke, T., Turner, E., Tylianakis, J., Uehara-Prado, M., Urbina-Cardona, N., Vallan, D., Vanbergen, A., Vasconcelos, H., Vassilev, K., Verboven, H., Verdasca, M., Verdu, J., Vergara, C., Vergara, P., Verhulst, J., Virgilio, M., Van Vu, L., Waite, E., Walker, T., Wang, H., Wang, Y., Watling, J., Weller, B., Wells, K., Westphal, C., Wiafe, E., Williams, C., Willig, M., Woinarski, J., Wolf, J., Wolters, V., Woodcock, B., Wu, J., Wunderle, J., Yamaura, Y., Yoshikura, S., Yu, D., Zaitsev, A., Zeidler, J., Zou, F., Collen, B., Ewers, R., Mace, G., Purves, D., Scharlemann, J., and Purvis, A.

Abstract

The PREDICTS project—Projecting Responses of Ecological Diversity In Changing Terrestrial Systems (www.predicts.org.uk)—has collated from published studies a large, reasonably representative database of comparable samples of biodiversity from multiple sites that differ in the nature or intensity of human impacts relating to land use. We have used this evidence base to develop global and regional statistical models of how local biodiversity responds to these measures. We describe and make freely available this 2016 release of the database, containing more than 3.2 million records sampled at over 26,000 locations and representing over 47,000 species. We outline how the database can help in answering a range of questions in ecology and conservation biology. To our knowledge, this is the largest and most geographically and taxonomically representative database of spatial comparisons of biodiversity that has been collated to date; it will be useful to researchers and international efforts wishing to model and understand the global status of biodiversity.

Published
2017

28. Amazon forest response to repeated droughts

Author

Feldpausch, T. R., Phillips, O. L., Brienen, R. J. W., Gloor, E., Lloyd, J., Lopez-Gonzalez, G., Monteagudo-Mendoza, A., Malhi, Y., Alarcón, A., Dávila, E. Álvarez, Alvarez-Loayza, P., Andrade, A., Aragao, L. E. O. C., Arroyo, L., Aymard C, G. A., Baker, T. R., Baraloto, C., Barroso, J., Bonal, D., Castro, W., Chama, V., Chave, J., Domingues, T. F., Fauset, S., Groot, N., Honorio Coronado, E., Laurance, S., Laurance, W. F., Lewis, S. L., Licona, J. C., Marimon, B. S., Marimon-Junior, B. H., Mendoza Bautista, C., Neill, D. A., Oliveira, E. A., Santos, C. Oliveira Dos, Pallqui Camacho, N. C., Pardo-Molina, G., Prieto, A., Quesada, C. A., Ramírez, F., Ramírez-Angulo, H., Réjou-Méchain, M., Rudas, A., Saiz, G., Salomão, R. P., Silva-Espejo, J. E., Silveira, M., Steege, H. Ter, Stropp, J., Terborgh, J., Thomas-Caesar, R., Heijden, G. M. F., Vásquez Martinez, R., Vilanova, E., Vincent Antoine Vos, Chercheur indépendant, Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestières [devient SILVA en 2018] (EEF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) Urgency, Standard, and Consortium NE/I02982X/1, Niche Evolution of South American Trees NE/I028122/1, AMAZONICA NE/F005806/1, TROBIT NE/D005590/1, European Union 282664, CNPq/PELD 403725/2012-7, Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, ERC, Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES), Brazil, 177/2012 European Research Council, Royal Society Wolfson Research Merit Award, Investissement d'Avenir grants of the ANR CEBA: ANR-10-LABX-25-01 TULIP: ANR-10-LABX-0041, CNES funds (TOSCA), Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments project 694, and The Royal Society

Subjects
[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], TROPICAL FORESTS, Environmental Sciences & Ecology, precipitation, INDUCED TREE MORTALITY, LIANAS, MECHANISMS, BIOMASS, PLOTS, Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences, 0402 Geochemistry, Geosciences, Multidisciplinary, water deficit, forest productivity, Science & Technology, CLIMATE-CHANGE, vegetation dynamics, carbon, fungi, food and beverages, Geology, RAIN-FOREST, SOILS, Physical Sciences, tree mortality, GROWTH, 0401 Atmospheric Sciences, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Environmental Sciences
Abstract

The Amazon Basin has experienced more variable climate over the last decade, with a severe and widespread drought in 2005 causing large basin-wide losses of biomass. A drought of similar climatological magnitude occurred again in 2010; however, there has been no basin-wide ground-based evaluation of effects on vegetation. We examine to what extent the 2010 drought affected forest dynamics using ground-based observations of mortality and growth from an extensive forest plot network. We find that during the 2010 drought interval, forests did not gain biomass (net change: −0.43 Mg ha−1, confidence interval (CI): −1.11, 0.19, n = 97), regardless of whether forests experienced precipitation deficit anomalies. This contrasted with a long-term biomass sink during the baseline pre-2010 drought period (1998 to pre-2010) of 1.33 Mg ha−1 yr−1 (CI: 0.90, 1.74, p

Published
2016

29. Fragmentation affects plant community composition over time

Author

Collins, C. D., primary, Banks‐Leite, C., additional, Brudvig, L. A., additional, Foster, B. L., additional, Cook, W. M., additional, Damschen, E. I., additional, Andrade, A., additional, Austin, M., additional, Camargo, J. L., additional, Driscoll, D. A., additional, Holt, R. D., additional, Laurance, W. F., additional, Nicholls, A. O., additional, and Orrock, J. L., additional

Published
2016
Full Text
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30. Variation in stem mortality rates determines patterns of aboveground biomass in Amazonian forests: implications for dynamic global vegetation models

Author

Johnson, M O, Galbraith, D, Gloor, E, De Deurwaerder, H, Guimberteau, M, Rammig, A, Thonicke, K, Verbeeck, H, von Randow, C, Monteagudo, A, Phillips, O L, Brienen, R J W, Feldpausch, T R, Lopez Gonzalez, G, Fauset, S, Quesada, C A, Christoffersen, B, Ciais, P, Gilvan, S, Kruijt, B, Meir, P, Moorcroft, P, Zhang, K, Alvarez, E A, Alves de Oliveira, A, Amaral, I, Andrade, A, Aragao, L E O C, Araujo-Murakami, A, Arets, E J M M, Arroyo, L, Aymard, G A, Baraloto, C, Barroso, J, Bonal, D, Boot, R, Camargo, J, Chave, J, Cogollo, A, Cornejo, F Valverde, Costa, L da, di Fiore, A, Ferreira, L, Higuchi, N, Honorio, E, Killeen, T J, Laurance, S G, Laurance, W F, Licona, J, Lovejoy, T, Malhi, Y, Marimon, B, Marimon, B H Junior, Matos, D C L, Mendoza, C, Neill, D A, Pardo, G, Peña-Claros, M, Pitman, N C A, Poorter, L, Prieto, A, Ramirez-Angulo, H, Roopsind, A, Rudas, A, Salomao, R P, Silveira, M, Stropp, J, Ter Steege, H, Terborgh, J, Thomas, R, Toledo, M, Torres-Lezama, A, van der Heijden, Geertje, Vasquez, R, Vieira, I, Vilanova, E, Vos, V A, Baker, T R, Johnson, M O, Galbraith, D, Gloor, E, De Deurwaerder, H, Guimberteau, M, Rammig, A, Thonicke, K, Verbeeck, H, von Randow, C, Monteagudo, A, Phillips, O L, Brienen, R J W, Feldpausch, T R, Lopez Gonzalez, G, Fauset, S, Quesada, C A, Christoffersen, B, Ciais, P, Gilvan, S, Kruijt, B, Meir, P, Moorcroft, P, Zhang, K, Alvarez, E A, Alves de Oliveira, A, Amaral, I, Andrade, A, Aragao, L E O C, Araujo-Murakami, A, Arets, E J M M, Arroyo, L, Aymard, G A, Baraloto, C, Barroso, J, Bonal, D, Boot, R, Camargo, J, Chave, J, Cogollo, A, Cornejo, F Valverde, Costa, L da, di Fiore, A, Ferreira, L, Higuchi, N, Honorio, E, Killeen, T J, Laurance, S G, Laurance, W F, Licona, J, Lovejoy, T, Malhi, Y, Marimon, B, Marimon, B H Junior, Matos, D C L, Mendoza, C, Neill, D A, Pardo, G, Peña-Claros, M, Pitman, N C A, Poorter, L, Prieto, A, Ramirez-Angulo, H, Roopsind, A, Rudas, A, Salomao, R P, Silveira, M, Stropp, J, Ter Steege, H, Terborgh, J, Thomas, R, Toledo, M, Torres-Lezama, A, van der Heijden, Geertje, Vasquez, R, Vieira, I, Vilanova, E, Vos, V A, and Baker, T R

Abstract

Understanding the processes that determine aboveground biomass (AGB) in Amazonian forests is important for predicting the sensitivity of these ecosystems to environmental change and for designing and evaluating dynamic global vegetation models (DGVMs). AGB is determined by inputs from woody productivity (woody NPP) and the rate at which carbon is lost through tree mortality. Here, we test whether two direct metrics of tree mortality (the absolute rate of woody biomass loss and the rate of stem mortality) and/or woody NPP, control variation in AGB among 167 plots in intact forest across Amazonia. We then compare these relationships and the observed variation in AGB and woody NPP with the predictions of four DGVMs. The observations show that stem mortality rates, rather than absolute rates of woody biomass loss, are the most important predictor of AGB, which is consistent with the importance of stand size-structure for determining spatial variation in AGB. The relationship between stem mortality rates and AGB varies among different regions of Amazonia, indicating that variation in wood density and height/diameter relationships also influence AGB. In contrast to previous findings, we find that woody NPP is not correlated with stem mortality rates, and is weakly positively correlated with AGB. Across the four models, basin-wide average AGB is similar to the mean of the observations. However, the models consistently overestimate woody NPP, and poorly represent the spatial patterns of both AGB and woody NPP estimated using plot data. In marked contrast to the observations, DGVMs typically show strong positive relationships between woody NPP and AGB. Resolving these differences will require incorporating forest size structure, mechanistic models of stem mortality and variation in functional composition in DGVMs. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Published
2016

31. Global warming, elevational ranges and the vulnerability of tropical biota

Author

Laurance, W F, Carolina Useche, D, Shoo, L P, Herzog, S K, Kessler, M, Escobar, F, Brehm, G, Axmacher, J C, Chen, I-C, Gámez, L A, University of Zurich, and Laurance, W F

Subjects
10121 Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, 1105 Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 580 Plants (Botany), 2309 Nature and Landscape Conservation
Published
2011

32. Evaluation of gel chromatography for plasma lipoprotein fractionation

Author

Teizo Sata, David L. Estrich, Peter D.S. Wood, and Laurance W. Kinsell

Subjects
agarose gel, hyperlipidemia, thin-layer chromatography, paper electrophoresis, ultracentrifugation, Biochemistry, QD415-436
Abstract

The fractionation of lipoproteins of normal and hyperlipidemic subjects on a column of 2% agarose was compared with ultracentrifugation and paper electrophoresis procedures. The following results were obtained. (a) Plasma lipoproteins were eluted successively from the column in the four overlapping peaks of chylomicrons, very low density lipoproteins, low density lipoproteins, and high density lipoproteins. (b) Very low density lipoproteins and high density lipoproteins (d > 1.063, containing nonlipoprotein proteins) showed continuous progressive changes in lipid composition as these fractions emerged, while low density lipoproteins showed a relatively constant lipid composition. (c) A discontinuous transition of lipid composition was observed when consecutive ultracentrifugal fractions were placed on the column. (d) The “trail” of pre-beta lipoprotein seen on paper electrophoresis was shown to consist of particles whose molecular sizes range between chylomicrons and pre-beta lipoproteins. A reverse relationship was observed between electrophoretic mobilities of “trail” components and their particle size. (e) Gel with an agarose content of 2% seemed to fractionate chylomicrons and very low density lipoproteins more effectively than other lipoprotein classes.

Published
1970
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33. Determination of individual conjugated bile acids in human bile

Author

Ryuzo Shioda, Peter D.S. Wood, and Laurance W. Kinsell

Subjects
thin-layer chromatography, glycine conjugates, taurine conjugates, cholic acid, deoxycholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid, Biochemistry, QD415-436
Abstract

A method has been developed and validated for the determination of the six major conjugated bile acids, cholesterol, and total phospholipids in bile of human subjects previously injected with 4-14C-cholesterol.The procedure is designed for use with 5-10 ml of duodenal or T-tube bile and eliminates difficulties associated with existing methods for bile acid determination, in particular the requirement for preliminary saponification under pressure or the use of paper chromatography. Saponification under pressure is employed only in steps where partial destruction of the steroid moiety of conjugated bile acids is not a crucial matter.A preliminary Folch extraction and washing step separated free cholesterol and phospholipids (bottom layer) from the six major conjugated bile acids (top layer). The conjugated bile acids were then fractionated cleanly by thin-layer chromatography to give four groups, the 14C content of each of which was determined. A second aliquot of the top layer was used to determine (after deconjugation) the radioactivity ratio of deoxycholic acid to chenodeoxycholic acid for the two unresolved groups (dihydroxycholanoic acid conjugates with glycine and taurine, respectively). A third aliquot was used for determination of specific activities of the methyl esters of cholic, chenodeoxycholic, and deoxycholic acids derived from the total bile salts. Appropriate calculations yielded the concentration in bile of all six major bile acid conjugates.

Published
1969
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34. Fine needle biopsy of head and neck masses

Author

Laurance W. Price, Scott Mersmann, and Lee A. Reussner

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Otorhinolaryngology, business.industry, Sample (material), medicine, Surgery, Radiology, Head and neck, business, Fine needle biopsy
Abstract

Fine needle biopsy of head and neck masses has been in widespread practice for many years. Although generally producing a high yield, the most frequent reason for failure of fine needle biopsy is the lack of an adequate or diagnostic sample. An inadequate sample may occur if it is difficult to localize the lesion, if physicians smear their own slides with poor technique, or if there is excess blood in the sample. Many methods of fine needle biopsy are currently being used quite successfully. We present our methods and refinements which are designed to maximize diagnostic yield.

Published
1998

38. Internal hemorrhoids: diagnosis with double-contrast barium enema examinations

Author

Stephen E. Rubesin, Olle Ekberg, Marc S. Levine, and Laurance W. Kam

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.medical_treatment, education, Rectum, Enema, Hemorrhoids, chemistry.chemical_compound, medicine, Humans, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Proctitis, Retrospective Studies, Barium enema, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Endoscopy, Double-contrast barium enema, medicine.disease, digestive system diseases, Surgery, Radiography, Barium sulfate, medicine.anatomical_structure, chemistry, Barium Sulfate, business
Abstract

The authors retrospectively studied 43 patients suspected of having internal hemorrhoids at double-contrast barium enema examination. At endoscopy, 24 patients (56%) had internal hemorrhoids, four (9%) had other pathologic lesions in the rectum without evidence of hemorrhoids, and 15 (35%) had no reported abnormalities in the rectum. Internal hemorrhoids were found at endoscopy in 10 of 20 patients (50%) with lobulated folds extending 3 cm or less from the anorectal junction and 10 of 13 patients (77%) with multiple submucosal nodules. However, no patients with these characteristic radiographic findings were found to have other pathologic lesions in the rectum that had been mistaken for hemorrhoids at barium enema examination. Conversely, three of four patients with lobulated folds extending more than 3 cm from the anorectal junction and one of six patients with solitary nodules had proctitis or rectal neoplasms. Thus, specific criteria are suggested for the diagnosis of internal hemorrhoids on double-contrast barium enema examinations. Suspected hemorrhoids that do not fulfill these criteria should be evaluated endoscopically to rule out other more serious pathologic lesions in the rectum.

Published
1990

39. 1,2-3H-Cholesterol as a tracer in studies of human cholesterol metabolism

Author

Peter D.S. Wood, Daphne Myers, Yuen-Ling Lee, Ryuzo Shioda, and Laurance W. Kinsell

Subjects
cholesterol, 1,2-3H-cholesterol, 4-14C-cholesterol, thin-layer chromatography, isotope effect, plasma, Biochemistry, QD415-436
Abstract

1,2-3H-Cholesterol was fed to a subject together with 4-14C-cholesterol at a known 3H/14C ratio. The ratio was satisfactorily preserved in cholesterol recovered from plasma, red cells, and bile, and in bile acids of bile.Isotopic fractionation was seen during thin-layer chromatographic isolation of cholesterol. In work with 1,2-3H-cholesterol or its metabolites care should be taken to recover chromatographic bands in their entirety.

Published
1967
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40. CHANGES IN GROWTH OF TROPICAL FORESTS: EVALUATING POTENTIAL BIASES

Author

Ferreira, Leandro Vale, Phillips, O. L., Malhi, Y., Vinceti, B., Baker, T., Lewis, S. L, Higuchi, N., Laurance, W. F., Vargas, P. Núnëz, Martinez, R. Vasquez, Laurance, S., Ferreira, L. V., Sterrn, M., Brown, S., and Grace, J.

Subjects
CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::ECOLOGIA::ECOLOGIA DE ECOSSISTEMAS [CNPQ], Floresta amazônica, Mudança de clima, Floresta tropical
Abstract

Ao longo do século passado, quase todo ecossistema na Terra passou por mudança na composição atmosférica e climática causadas pela influência da atividade humana. As florestas tropicais estão entre os mais produtivos e extensos ecossistemas, e tem sido levantada a hipótese de que a idade de crescimento de florestas tropicais, tanto a dinâmica quanto a biomassa aparentemente controladas, têm vindo a mudar em resposta a mudanças atmosféricas. As parcelas de amostras florestais em longo prazo são uma ferramenta crítica para detectar e monitorar tais mudanças, e nossa análise recente dos dados da parcela da floresta tropical sugere que a biomassa das florestas tropicais tenha aumentado, proporcionando um modesto feedback negativo sobre a taxa de acumulação De CO2 atmosférico. No entanto, argumentou-se que alguns desses antigos conjuntos de dados da trama florestal têm problemas significativos de interpretação devido ao uso de metodologias não padronizadas. Neste artigo, examinamos até que ponto os erros metodológicos de campo potenciais podem estimular as estimativas da mudança de biomassa total através de exame detalhados de registros árvore por árvore de até 120 parcelas neotropicais para testar previsões da teoria. No entanto, argumentou-se que alguns desses antigos conjuntos de dados da trama florestal têm problemas significativos de interpretação devido ao uso de metodologias não padronizadas.As medidas de mudança de biomassa incluem um viés na seleção do site, deformidades da árvore introduzidas pelo processo de medição, metodologias precárias para lidar com deformidades ou contrafortes de árvores, e não reconhecimento de incrementos de crescimento negativos. Mostramos que, embora seja importante melhorar e padronizar as metodologias no trabalho atual e futuro da parcela florestal, em qualquer sistema os erros introduzidos pelos viés atualmente identificados em estudos passados são pequenos e calculáveis. Concluímos que a evidência da maioria dos dados da parcela da floresta tropical são de qualidade útil, ainda que pese de forma conclusiva em favor de um recente aumento da biomassa no antigo crescimento tropical das florestas. Over the past century almost every ecosystem on Earth has come under the influence of changes in atmospheric composition and climate caused by human activity. Tropical forests are among the most productive and extensive ecosystems, and it has been hypothesized that both the dynamics and biomass of apparently undisturbed, old-growth tropical forests have been changing in response to atmospheric changes. Long-term forest sample plots are a critical tool in detecting and monitoring such changes, and our recent analysis of pan-tropical-forest plot data has suggested that the biomass of tropical forests has been increasing, providing a modest negative feedback on the rate of accumulation of atmospheric CO2. However, it has been argued that some of these old forest plot data sets have significant problems in interpretation because of the use of nonstandardized methodologies. In this paper we examine the extent to which potential field methodological errors may bias estimates of total biomass change by detailed examination of tree-by-tree records from up to 120 Neotropical plots to test predictions from theory. Potential positive biases on measurements of biomass change include a bias in site selection, tree deformities introduced by the measurement process, poor methodologies to deal with tree deformities or buttresses, and nonrecording of negative growth increments. We show that, while it is important to improve and standardize methodologies in current and future forest-plot work, any systematic errors introduced by currently identified biases in past studies are small and calculable. We conclude that most tropical-forest plot data are of useful quality, and that the evidence does still weigh conclusively in favor of a recent increase of biomass in old-growth tropical forests.

Published
2002

43. Development of the Brazilian Amazon

Author

Laurance, W. F., Cochrane, M.A., Fearnside, Philip Martin, Bergen, S, Delamonica, P., D'angelo, S, Fernandes, T., and Barber, C

Subjects
Government, Multidisciplinary, Economy, Amazon rainforest, Deforestation, Environmental protection, Political science, Public policy, Desmatamento Amazonico
Abstract

In their discussion of “the future of the Brazilian Amazon” ( Science 's Compass, Policy Forum, 19 Jan., p. [438][1]), W. F. Laurance and his co-authors offer a serious contribution to a very serious subject. Nevertheless, we reject their projections of extensive deforestation in the Brazilian

Published
2001

44. Landscape moderation of biodiversity patterns and processes - eight hypotheses

Author

Tscharntke, T., Tylianakis, J.M., Rand, T.A., Didham, R.K., Fahrig, L., Batáry, P., Bengtsson, J., Clough, Y., Crist, T.O., Dormann, C.F., Ewers, R.M., Fründ, J., Holt, R.D., Holzschuh, A., Klein, A.M., Kleijn, D., Kremen, C., Landis, D.A., Laurance, W., Lindenmayer, D., Scherber, C., Sodhi, N., Steffan-Dewenter, I., Thies, C., Van der Putten, W.H., Westphal, C., Tscharntke, T., Tylianakis, J.M., Rand, T.A., Didham, R.K., Fahrig, L., Batáry, P., Bengtsson, J., Clough, Y., Crist, T.O., Dormann, C.F., Ewers, R.M., Fründ, J., Holt, R.D., Holzschuh, A., Klein, A.M., Kleijn, D., Kremen, C., Landis, D.A., Laurance, W., Lindenmayer, D., Scherber, C., Sodhi, N., Steffan-Dewenter, I., Thies, C., Van der Putten, W.H., and Westphal, C.

Abstract

Understanding how landscape characteristics affect biodiversity patterns and ecological processes at local and landscape scales is critical for mitigating effects of global environmental change. In this review, we use knowledge gained from human-modified landscapes to suggest eight hypotheses, which we hope will encourage more systematic research on the role of landscape composition and configuration in determining the structure of ecological communities, ecosystem functioning and services. We organize the eight hypotheses under four overarching themes. Section A: ‘landscape moderation of biodiversity patterns’ includes (1) the landscape species pool hypothesis—the size of the landscape-wide species pool moderates local (alpha) biodiversity, and (2) the dominance of beta diversity hypothesis—landscapemoderated dissimilarity of local communities determines landscape-wide biodiversity and overrides negative local effects of habitat fragmentation on biodiversity. Section B: ‘landscape moderation of population dynamics’ includes (3) the cross-habitat spillover hypothesis—landscape-moderated spillover of energy, resources and organisms across habitats, including between managed and natural ecosystems, influences landscape-wide community structure and associated processes and (4) the landscape-moderated concentration and dilution hypothesis—spatial and temporal changes in landscape composition can cause transient concentration or dilution of populationswith functional consequences. Section C: ‘landscape moderation of functional trait selection’ includes (5) the landscape-moderated functional trait selection hypothesis—landscape moderation of species trait selection shapes the functional role and trajectory of community assembly, and (6) the landscape-moderated insurance hypothesis—landscape complexity provides spatial and temporal insurance, i.e. high resilience and stability of ecological processes in changing environments. Section D: ‘landscape constraints on conservati, Understanding how landscape characteristics affect biodiversity patterns and ecological processes at local and landscape scales is critical for mitigating effects of global environmental change. In this review, we use knowledge gained from human-modified landscapes to suggest eight hypotheses, which we hope will encourage more systematic research on the role of landscape composition and configuration in determining the structure of ecological communities, ecosystem functioning and services. We organize the eight hypotheses under four overarching themes. Section A: ‘landscape moderation of biodiversity patterns’ includes (1) the landscape species pool hypothesis—the size of the landscape-wide species pool moderates local (alpha) biodiversity, and (2) the dominance of beta diversity hypothesis—landscapemoderated dissimilarity of local communities determines landscape-wide biodiversity and overrides negative local effects of habitat fragmentation on biodiversity. Section B: ‘landscape moderation of population dynamics’ includes (3) the cross-habitat spillover hypothesis—landscape-moderated spillover of energy, resources and organisms across habitats, including between managed and natural ecosystems, influences landscape-wide community structure and associated processes and (4) the landscape-moderated concentration and dilution hypothesis—spatial and temporal changes in landscape composition can cause transient concentration or dilution of populationswith functional consequences. Section C: ‘landscape moderation of functional trait selection’ includes (5) the landscape-moderated functional trait selection hypothesis—landscape moderation of species trait selection shapes the functional role and trajectory of community assembly, and (6) the landscape-moderated insurance hypothesis—landscape complexity provides spatial and temporal insurance, i.e. high resilience and stability of ecological processes in changing environments. Section D: ‘landscape constraints on conservati

Published
2012

46. Large mammal use of protected and community-managed lands in a biodiversity hotspot.

Author

Velho, N., Srinivasan, U., Singh, P., and Laurance, W. F.

Subjects
PROTECTED areas, NATURE reserves, MAMMAL diversity, BIODIVERSITY research, FOREST management
Abstract

In large parts of the biodiversity-rich tropics, various forest governance regimes often coexist, ranging from governmental administration to highly decentralized community management. Two common forms of such governance are protected areas, and community lands open to limited resource extraction. We studied wildlife occurrences in the north-east Indian state of Arunachal Pradesh, where the Eaglenest Wildlife Sanctuary ( EWS) is situated adjacent to community lands governed by the Bugun and Sherdukpen tribes. We conducted transect-based mammal sign surveys and camera trapping for mammals (>0.5 kg), and interviewed members of the resident tribes to understand their hunting practices and causes of wildlife declines. Interviews indicated hunting-mediated declines in the abundances of mammals such as the tiger P anthera tigris, gaur B os gaurus and river otters L utrogale and A onyx species. Larger species such as B . gaurus were much more abundant within EWS than outside of it. Community-managed lands harbored smaller bodied species, including some of conservation importance such as the red panda A ilurus fulgens, clouded leopard N eofelis nebulosa and golden cat P ardofelis temminckii. Our findings show that protected areas may have important non-substitutive values but adjoining community-managed lands may also have important conservation values for a different set of species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2016
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49. Multi-scale comparisons of tree composition in Amazonian terra firme forests

Author

Honorio Coronado, E. N., primary, Baker, T. R., additional, Phillips, O. L., additional, Pitman, N. C. A., additional, Pennington, R. T., additional, Vásquez Martínez, R., additional, Monteagudo, A., additional, Mogollón, H., additional, Dávila Cardozo, N., additional, Ríos, M., additional, García-Villacorta, R., additional, Valderrama, E., additional, Ahuite, M., additional, Huamantupa, I., additional, Neill, D. A., additional, Laurance, W. F., additional, Nascimento, H. E. M., additional, Soares de Almeida, S., additional, Killeen, T. J., additional, Arroyo, L., additional, Núñez, P., additional, and Freitas Alvarado, L., additional

Published
2009
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