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The development of anti-icing robust surfaces is a hot topic nowadays and particularly crucial in the aeronautics or wind energy sectors as ice accretion can compromise safety and power generation efficiency. However, the current performance of most anti-icing strategies has been proven insufficient for such demanding applications, particularly in large unprotected zones, which located downstream from thermally protected areas, may undergo secondary icing. Herein, a new testing methodology is proposed to evaluate accretion mechanisms and secondary icing phenomena through, respectively, direct impact and running-wet processes and systematically applied to anti-icing materials including commercial solutions and the latest trends in the state-of-the-art. Five categories of materials (hard, elastomeric, polymeric matrix, SLIPS and superhydrophobic) with up to fifteen formulations have been tested. This Round-Robin approach provides a deeper understanding of anti-icing mechanisms revealing the strengths and weaknesses of each material. The conclusion is that there is no single passive solution for anti-ice protection. Thus, to effectively protect a given real component, different tailored materials fitted for each particular zone of the system are required. For this selection, shape analysis of such a component and the impact characteristics of water droplets under real conditions are needed as schematically illustrated for aeronautic turbines. The project leading to this article has received funding from the EU H2020 program under grant agreement 899352 (FETOPEN-01-2018-2019-2020 - SOUNDofICE). The authors also thank the MINECO-AEI (MAT2016-79866-R, PID2019-109603RA-I00 and PID2019-110430GB-C21) funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by “ERDF (FEDER) A way of making Europe”, to RTI2018-096262-B-C44–MAITAI, Multidisciplinary Approach for the Implementation of New Technologies to prevent Accretion of Ice on aircraft, funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 (Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades—Retos) and CSIC 202160E002-217538, for financial support. CLS thanks the University of Seville through the VI “Plan Propio de Investigación y Transferencia de la US”(VI PPIT-US) and the Ramon y Cajal Grant program.

Purpose The purpose of this paper was to detect the most significant factors associated with each living alternative to improve socialization and mental health of the elderly. The measurements included affective evaluation, cognitive assessment, anxiety level, physical functionality, quality of life and social relationships. Individuals in home nursing residences were older and had worse affective status, functionality, cognitive state and quality of life. Social relationships in community people were better than in the institutionalized condition, particularly for less aged people. Design/methodology/approach Comparative descriptive study realized in 200 people older than 70 years in home nursing placement versus community dwelling conditions. Findings Multivariate analysis and logistic regression indicated that greater disability and poorer quality of social relationships were the main factors influencing the institutionalization process. Specifically, the Sociotype Questionnaire appeared as an efficient tool concerning the detection of social isolation effects as well as an acceptable integrator of prosocial information about home nursing placement. Originality/value The Geriatric Sociotype survey has shown usefulness in the evaluation of the social network of elderly people, both from the point of view of assessment and prognosis. In this sense it is considered that one of the main contributions of this study is to have included the qualitative evaluation of social relations, and to observe the differences according to the place of residence.

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-28T19:50:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2022-03-01 The family Nemesiidae was once among the most species-rich of mygalomorph spider families. However, over the past few decades both morphological and molecular studies focusing on mygalomorph phylogeny have recovered the group as paraphyletic. Hence, the systematics of the family Nemesiidae has more recently been controversial, with numerous changes at the family-group level and the recognition of the supra-familial clade Nemesioidina. Indeed, in a recent study by Opatova and collaborators, six nemesiid genera were transferred to the newly re-established family Pycnothelidae. Despite these changes, 12 South American nemesiid genera remained unplaced, and classified as incertae sedis due to shortcomings in taxon sampling. Accordingly, we evaluate the phylogenetic relationships of South American nemesioid species and genera with the principle aim of resolving their family level placement. Our work represents the most exhaustive phylogenomic sampling for South American Nemesiidae by including nine of the 12 genera described for the continent. Phylogenetic relationships were reconstructed using 457 loci obtained using the spider Anchored Hybrid Enrichment probe set. Based on these results Nemesiidae, Pycnothelidae, Microstigmatidae and Cyrtaucheniidae are not considered monophyletic. Our study also indicates that the lineage including the genus Fufius requires elevation to the family level (Rhytidicolidae Simon, 1903 (NEW RANK)). In Pycnothelidae, we recognize/delimit five subfamilies (Diplothelopsinae, Pionothelinae (NEW SUBFAMILY), Prorachiinae (NEW SUBFAMILY), Pselligminae (NEW RANK), Pycnothelinae). We also transfer all the 12 South American nemesiid genera to Pycnothelidae: Chaco, Chilelopsis, Diplothelopsis, Flamencopsis, Hermachura, Longistylus, Lycinus, Neostothis, Prorachias, Psalistopoides, Pselligmus, Rachias. Additionally, we transferred the microstigmatid genus Xenonemesia to Pycnothelidae, and we propose the following generic synonymies and species transfers: Neostothis and Bayana are junior synonyms of Pycnothele (NEW SYNONYMY), as P. gigas and P. labordai, respectively (NEW COMBINATIONS); Hermachura is a junior synonym of Stenoterommata (NEW SYNONYMY), as S. luederwaldti (NEW COMBINATION); Flamencopsis is a junior synonym of Chilelopsis (NEW SYNONYMY), as C. minima (NEW COMBINATION); and Diplothelopsis is a junior synonym of Lycinus (NEW SYNONYMY), as L. ornatus and L. bonariensis (NEW COMBINATIONS). Considering the transferred genera and synonymies, Pycnothelidae now includes 15 described genera and 137 species. Finally, these results provide a robust phylogenetic framework that includes enhanced taxonomic sampling, for further resolving the biogeography and evolutionary time scale for the family Pycnothelidae. Sección Entomología Facultad de Ciencias Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225 Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable Ministerio de Educación y Cultura, Av. Italia 3318 Laboratório de Coleções Zoológicas Instituto Butantan, Av. Vital Brazil, 1500 Departamento de Biodiversidade Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista, Av. 24A, 1515 Department of Zoology Charles University Faculty of Science, Viničná 7 Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia Laboratório de Sistemática e Ecologia de Invertebrados do Solo, Av. André Araújo, 2936 – Petrópolis – Manaus Department of Entomology and Nematology University of California Davis, Academic Surge Building 1282 Departamento de Biodiversidade Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista, Av. 24A, 1515

Icing has become a hot topic both in academia and in the industry given its implications in transport, wind turbines, photovoltaics, and telecommunications. Recently proposed de-icing solutions involving the propagation of acoustic waves (AWs) at suitable substrates may open the path for a sustainable alternative to standard de-icing or anti-icing procedures. Herein, the fundamental interactions are unraveled that contribute to the de-icing and/or hinder the icing on AW-activated substrates. The response toward icing of a reliable model system consisting of a piezoelectric plate activated by extended electrodes is characterized at a laboratory scale and in an icing wind tunnel under realistic conditions. Experiments show that surface modification with anti-icing functionalities provides a synergistic response when activated with AWs. A thoughtful analysis of the resonance frequency dependence on experimental variables such as temperature, ice formation, or wind velocity demonstrates the application of AW devices for real-time monitoring of icing processes., ERDF (FEDER) A way of making Europe PID2019-110430GB-C21 PID2019-109603RA-I00 PID2020-112620GB-I00 MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033, European Commission EU H2020 program 899352

Fear of animals is an important issue to consider in order to increase knowledge about nature and foster positive attitudes for nature conservation. Spiders are a challenging group, because...

Fabrication of tunable wetting surfaces is sought for the last years given its importance on energy, biomaterials and antimicrobials, water purification, microfluidics, and smart surfaces. Liquid management on surfaces mainly depends on the control at the micro- and nanoscale of both roughness and chemical composition. Herein, the combination of a soft-template method and plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition is presented for the synthesis of TiO2 nanofibers on porous substrates such as cellulose and stainless-steel membranes. The protocol, carried out under mild conditions, produces 3D nanomembranes with superhydrophobicity and oleophilicity that are tested as microliter water/oil filters. Photoactivation of TiO2 by UV illumination provides a straightforward approach for wetting tunability that converts the surface into amphiphilic. A final chemical modification of the TiO2 nanofibers by embedding them in an elastomeric polymeric shell and by fluorine-based grafting opens the path toward the formation of superomniphobic and self-cleaning surfaces with long-lasting lifetimes. Thus, a reliable procedure is demonstrated for the fabrication of TiO2 nanofibers, which allows the modification of porous supports and provides an innovative route for the development of 3D nanomembranes with under design wetting. This protocol is extendable to alternative metal oxides, metals, and core@shell nanoarchitectures with potential multifunctionalities.

Zr(IV) together with U(IV) are the major components of high-level radionuclide waste (HLRW) and spent nuclear fuel (SNF) from nuclear power plants. Thus, their retention in the waste disposal is of great importance for the environmental risk control. Here, the influence of clay minerals on the retention of Zr(IV), as component of the nuclear waste and as chemical analogues of U(IV), has been evaluated. Three clay minerals, two bentonites and one saponite, were hydrothermally treated with three zirconium salts. A structural study at long-range order by X-ray diffraction and short-range order by NMR was performed to evaluate the generation of new zirconium phases and degradation of the clay minerals. Three immobilization mechanisms were observed: i) cation exchange of ZrO2+ or Zr4+ by clay minerals, ii) the precipitation/crystallization of ZrO2, and, iii) the chemical interaction of zirconium with the clay minerals, with the formation of zirconium silicates.

Tarantulas are animals that you either love or find disgusting. Some people are fascinated with them, whereas others fear them because of ignorance or aversion to what they consider dangerous on the basis of their appearance. Despite their reputation, many people study, maintain and use these spiders. The interest in keeping and propagating tarantulas has increased worldwide in recent decades. The aim of this chapter is to discuss the basic and ethical considerations involved in keeping these spiders in captivity (whether for research or as an enthusiast), as well as being aware of the origin and conservation status of the most common commercial species. As more has been learned about tarantula biology, there has been greater interest in how to breed them in captivity. However, few studies have addressed the reproductive biology of tarantulas. Despite this, many species are propagated successfully by enthusiasts, and the conditions for their reproduction are empirically known. We approach this chapter by dividing it into five sections: (1) natural history; (2) keeping and breeding tarantulas in captivity; (3) common ailments; (4) tarantulas’ popularity as pets and their husbandry; and (5) traffic, endangered species and responsible breeding facilities.

There is a strong association between those who re-attempt a suicide attempt and those who complete it. Therefore, follow-up on the interventions carried out for suicidal patients is essential. This study investigated the sociodemographic and clinical profiles of individuals admitted as psychiatric emergencies after a suicide attempt according to sex, determined the prevalence of re-attempts in a period of six months, compared the profiles of patients who engaged in repeated suicide attempts to those who did not, and evaluated predictive variables for repeated suicide attempts.A total of 207 patients (122 women and 85 men) who went to the psychiatric emergency room for a suicide attempt (January-October 2015) were interviewed, and their clinical histories were reviewed at 6 months.Lethal suicidal behaviour was lower in women. Fourteen percent of the sample (n=29) repeated a suicide attempt in the following 6 months, and 2 people died by suicide; 3 died from other causes. The patients admitted to the Psychiatric Hospitalization Unit presented with more re-attempts (X2=4.1; d.f.=1; p=0.043). In the multivariate analysis, of all the variables analysed, the only one associated with repeated suicide attempts was having been in mental health treatment upon inclusion into the study (OR=3.504, p=0.009, CI95%: 1.361-9.018). In the follow-up period, the percentage of patients who engaged in mental health treatment increased 21.7%.The risk of recurrence after being treated for a suicide attempt psychiatric emergency is high in the months following an attempt, and it is necessary to improve prevention and intervention programmes aimed at improving these figures.

The mygalomorph genus Grammostola (family Theraphosidae) is endemic to South America. The species Grammostola anthracina is one of the largest spiders in Uruguay and reputed to be the longest lived tarantula in the world. This nominal species has two distinct colour morphs comprising black and reddish-brown forms with controversial taxonomic status. Here, we present a phylogenetic study based on molecular characters (cytochrome c oxidase subunit I) of haplotypes of G. anthracina and closely related species. Our analysis together with new morphological data and biogeographical information indicates that the two morphs of G. anthracina constitute different species that are not sister to each other. Consequently, a new species, Grammostola quirogai is described, diagnosed and illustrated to encompass the black morph. Phylogenetic relationships and new taxonomic characters for Grammostola species included in this study are discussed.

Locomotor and physiological performance of ectotherms are affected by temperature. Thermoregulation is achieved by changes in behavior and the selection of micro-habitats with adequate temperatures to maintain the body temperature (Tb) within a range of preference. Apart from this temperature dependence at spatial scales, ectotherms are also affected by temperature at temporal scale. For instance, ectotherms can only be active some months of the year, particularly in temperate environments. Tarantulas are ectotherms that live in burrows most of their life. Nevertheless, after the sexual maturation molt, males leave their refugia and start a wandering life searching for females to mate. The reproductive period varies among species. In some species walking males are seen in late spring or early summer, while in other species males are only seen during fall or winter. Apart from the differences in lifestyles after maturation, tarantulas exhibit sexual dimorphisms in longevity and body mass, having smaller, shorter-lived males. Thus, to optimize energetic budgets, decreasing thermoregulation costs, we hypothesize and examine a putative correlation between an individual's preferred body temperature (Tpref) and the environmental temperature during the reproductive period. Hence, we characterize Tpref in seven tarantula species and analyze which factors (i.e., time of day, body mass, and sex) correlated with it. Furthermore, we assess putative correlated evolution of Tpref with ambient temperature (minima, mean, and maxima) during the reproductive period by means of phylogenetic independent contrasts. We did not find differences in thermal preferences between sexes; and only one species, Acanthoscurria suina, exhibited diel differences in Tpref. We found evidence of correlated evolution between Tpref and minimum temperature during the reproductive period among all seven species studied herein. Our results show that the reproductive period is constrained by thermal preferences, dictating when males can start their wandering life to mate.

This work proposes a wideband planar microstrip antenna for 3G, LTE and Wi-Fi Bands, describing the simulation, design implementation and measurement. Actually the minaturization of microstrip antennas is an important challenge of radio engineering. The objective is reduce dimensions, weight and cost, in order to meet the miniaturization requirements of portable communication equipment and be installed inside of it. This kind of antenna is sufficiently small to be used on radio mobile devices, which satisfies gain, resonance frequency, impedance and low cost. It covers 1.7 – 2.4 GHz frequency band, which it is assigned to particularly wireless mobile communication services.

Objetivo: Conocer la relación entre el rendimiento académico y calidad del desayuno en estudiantes de la facultad de Bromatología y Nutrición. Material y Métodos: Muestra 244 (18 a 25 años), distribuidos 195 mujeres y 49 varones. Se aplicó encuesta frecuencia consumo. El rendimiento académico se midió la calificación media obtenida al término de los cursos obligatorios y categorizados en consideración al reglamento académico. Resultados: La mayoría pertenece al género femenino 79 92%, y la masculina 20 08%. La calidad del desayuno de la , , población en estudio se observó que, una minoría toma un desayuno completo, 79%. El consumo de un desayuno%, no de buena calidad es de 1803%, de mejorable calidad representa 2992% , , insuficiente calidad 31 15% y de mala calidad 13 11%. La calidad del desayuno y rendimiento , , académico, se ha agrupado en tres categorías; y sirvió para la contratación de la hipótesis , los estudiantes que consumen desayuno de mala calidad representan una calificación de rendimiento académico de deficiente 11 1%, aceptable 31 1% y bueno con 1 6%. Los estudiantes que , , , consumían desayuno de buena calidad están calificados en el rendimiento académico como deficiente 11 1%, aceptable 34,8% y bueno 11 9%.Los estudiantes que consumen desayuno , , completo están calificados con respecto a la variable rendimiento académico con aceptable 4 5% y , bueno 2 9%. Conclusión: El 0 54% consumen un desayuno insuficiente, y el 13 11% no toma , , , desayuno. Es recomendable que los estudiantes tomen un desayuno equilibrado para demandas intelectuales de la educación. Se recomienda comer variado, los estudiantes que varían el desayuno tendrán una dieta más sana, en comparación con los que no lo hacen. Cuando se relacionó la calidad del desayuno y el rendimiento académico se estableció que conforme mejora la calidad del desayuno se incrementó la calificación promedio desde 10 34± 1 09 hasta 14 74 ± , , , 1 28 para los estudiantes con desayuno completo. ,Palabras clave: Desayuno, rendimiento académico

La lista de especies prioritarias para la conservación en Uruguay resulta un insumo imprescindible para la gestión de la biodiversidad a nivel nacional y regional. Actualmente esta lista contiene vertebrados, plantas vasculares y moluscos continentales, siendo estos últimos los únicos representantes de invertebrados. Los arácnidos son predadores “tope” y reflejan lo que sucede a otros niveles de la trama trófica. En Uruguay se han identificado algunos problemas en cuanto a la conservación de los arácnidos, de los cuales las principales amenazas son la modificación y fragmentación de hábitat y el comercio ilegal de especies. El objetivo fue elaborar una lista de especies de arácnidos prioritarias para la conservación en Uruguay. Se realizaron una serie de talleres con expertos aracnólogos donde se consensuaron 7 criterios para definir especies prioritarias y se conformó una lista en base a éstos. Se identificaron 42 especies de arácnidos prioritarias para la conservación en Uruguay, de las cuales 35 son arañas, 4 son escorpiones, 2 opiliones y 1 solífugo. La elaboración de esta lista contribuirá a mejorar el estado del conocimiento de la biodiversidad de invertebrados a nivel nacional. Arachnids with priority for conservation in Uruguay. The list of species with priorities for conservation in Uruguay is an essential input for biodiversity management. Currently the list includes vertebrates, vascular plants and continental mollusks, of which the last group is the only representative of invertebrates. Arachnids are top predators that reflect what is happening at the oth201er levels of the trophic web. Some problems about arachnids’ conservation have been identified in Uruguay, mostly related to habitat reduction and modification and traffic of species. The objective of the present study was to elaborate a list of arachnids with priority of conservation in Uruguay. We organized a series of workshops with arachnology experts, agreed in seven criteria to define priority species and created the list. We identified 42 arachnids with priority of conservation in Uruguay. Thirty-five are spiders, four are scorpions, two are harvestmen and one is a camel spider. The creation of this list generates an antecedent for these groups that will contribute to improve the knowledge of invertebrate biodiversity in our country and the region.

A new genus and species of a mygalomorph nemesiid spider collected in a hill of Northern Uruguay and in Araucaria forest at Southern Brazil is diagnosed, described and illustrated. A remarkable characteristic of the new genus is its dense body pubescence, unusual in most Nemesiidae. Also genital and somatic characters led to differentiate it from related genera. The habitat is characterized by a tubular burrow followed by an aerial tubular portion made with silk and vegetation. The sexual behaviour is briefly described from a copula between the types, observed in the laboratory.LSID: zoobank.org:pub: D5A6D7EA-19DD-4427-E6A41162EE4E.