Search

The diagnostic value of delayed nephrograms on contrast-enhanced computed tomography has not been studied rigorously.To develop a method for quantitatively assessing delayed and diminished nephrograms (DDNs) easily at the point of care and to assess the association of DDNs with renal obstruction and renal function.Data were reviewed from 76 patients who underwent a contrast-enhanced computed tomography scan within 30 days of a technetium-99m mercaptoacetyltriglycine diuretic renal scintigraphy (MAG3-DRS) which showed at least one kidney to have normal drainage (T1/210 min) between 2010 and 2021 at a tertiary academic center.Attenuations of the renal cortex and medulla were measured using circular regions of interest. These attenuations were compared between kidneys to compute several measures of DDN in the kidney with a greater concern for obstruction. Renal parenchymal volume and anterior-posterior renal pelvis diameter (APD) were estimated using simple linear measurements. Inter-rater reliability was computed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), correlations were computed using Spearman's R, and the relationships between DDN, APD, and renal function of the subject kidney were estimated using linear regression.Measures of DDN were highly reliable between raters (ICC 0.71-0.87). DDN was almost always associated with prolonged drainage on MAG3-DRS (90-100%); however, 33-52% of patients with prolonged drainage on MAG3-DRS had no appreciable DDN, depending on the measure of the DDN chosen. All measures of DDN were associated with decreased renal function (0.001). APD did not significantly predict renal function when controlling for a DDN.DDNs on contrast-enhanced computed tomography are associated with renal obstruction and can easily and accurately be quantified at the point of care. A DDN is more closely associated with renal dysfunction than renal pelvic dilation and therefore may be useful in assessing the severity of upper tract obstruction.In this report, we confirm that a "delayed nephrogram", a classic x-ray finding thought to be associated with kidney blockage, is associated with blockage of the affected kidney. Furthermore, we show that a delayed nephrogram indicates that the affected kidney is not functioning as well as we would expect for a normal kidney of the same size. Since the severity of a delayed nephrogram predicts this decreased function better than the degree of dilation of the kidney, which is a different measurement often used to measure the severity of kidney blockage, the delayed nephrogram may be a better way of measuring the severity of kidney blockage in clinical practice.

This article examines the complex meditation on domestic environments as relational spaces in Hurmat Ain and Rabbya Naseer’s solo and collaborative art practices. Often rooted in physical sites and material elements of domesticity-from live performances in bedrooms and kitchens to installations with textiles and food-their works orchestrate intimate situations where the meeting of performer and spectator doubles as an encounter between visitor and inhabitant, citizen and foreigner, guest and host. In doing so, the artists reveal how practices of hospitality-the everyday rituals through which ‘home’ is enacted and extended to others-serve to uphold cultural, patriarchal, and nationalist values, while simultaneously opening up space for their transformation.

Asking, What is the relationship between housing and performance?, editors Laura Levin and Sunita Nigam insist that the lines between the two begin to blur when we attend to the aesthetic and embodied dimensions of housing, on the one hand, and the homely, spatial, and thematic concerns of certain performances, on the other. Considering contexts of housing crises, shortages, and discrimination, the editors argue that houses of all kinds must be treated as processual, performative practices and as intended and unintended displays that reveal much about the material contexts in which they are embedded. As important zones for the realization, rehearsal, thwarting, or abandonment of private and collective fantasies, all houses are ‘dream houses,’ whether these dreams be good or bad. Levin and Nigam make a case for paying attention to aesthetic references, movement vocabularies, narratives about housing, scripts for housing practices, and the gendering and racializing of certain roles—all aspects of ‘practising house’—that make spaces (real and imagined) meaningful for those who perform them and spectate them. They argue for the importance of reading housing practices both in relation to local conditions and through transnational and hemispheric frameworks, asserting that the performative politics of housing brings into view shared experiences of dwelling, citizenship, and belonging that cross—and, more crucially, contest—geopolitical borders. In doing so, they emphasize how housing practices are haunted by the rupture that colonization created with existing Indigenous modes of dwelling, especially as a consequence of establishing settler-colonial territory and domestic spaces.

Background and Purpose: Structural brain networks possess a few hubs, which are not only highly connected to the rest of the brain but are also highly connected to each other. These hubs, which form a rich-club, play a central role in global brain organization. To investigate whether the concept of rich-club sheds new light on poststroke recovery, we applied a novel network-theoretical quantification of lesions to patients with stroke and compared the outcomes with what lesion size alone would indicate. Methods: Whole-brain structural networks of 73 patients with ischemic stroke were reconstructed using diffusion-weighted imaging data. Disconnectomes, a new type of network analyses, were constructed using only those fibers that pass through the lesion. Fugl-Meyer upper extremity scores and their changes were used to determine whether the patients show natural recovery or not. Results: Cluster analysis revealed 3 patient clusters: small-lesion-good-recovery, midsized-lesion-poor-recovery (MLPR), and large-lesion-poor-recovery (LLPR). The small-lesion-good-recovery consisted of subjects whose lesions were small, and whose prospects for recovery were relatively good. To explain the nondifference in recovery between the MLPR and LLPR clusters despite the difference (LLPR>MLPR) in lesion volume, we defined the metric to be the sum of the entries in the disconnectome and, more importantly, the to be the sum of all entries in the disconnectome corresponding to edges with at least one node in the rich-club. Unlike lesion volume and corticospinal tract damage (MLPR , this relationship was reversed (MLPR>LLPR) or showed no difference for . Conclusions: Smaller lesions that focus on the rich-club can be just as devastating as much larger lesions that do not focus on the rich-club, pointing to the role of the rich-club as a backbone for functional communication within brain networks and for recovery from stroke.

Background Early identification and treatment of children and adolescents with Type 2 Diabetes (T2DM) is thought to improve long-term outcomes. However, it is unclear if severity of T2DM at presentation affects long-term clinical outcomes. Using the location of treatment initiation (inpatient compared to outpatient) as a proxy for severity of illness, we aimed to assess changes in dysglycemia and insulin requirements at diagnosis and after 3 years of follow-up. Methods We performed a retrospective chart review of children 8-18 years of age diagnosed with new onset type 2 diabetes and receiving diabetes care within a large tertiary care center between 1/1/2010 and 11/1/2021 for three consecutive years. Children were identified by ICD codes (ICD9 250.00, ICD10 E13.9 or E11.9). Charts were reviewed to confirm diagnosis. Exclusion criteria included medication induced diabetes, MODY, >1 positive diabetes autoantibody, BMI Results A total of 513 patients were identified by ICD code and, after exclusions, 116 were included in the analysis: 69 initially treated in an inpatient setting and 47 initially treated in an outpatient setting. The average A1C at presentation was higher in the inpatient group (11.02% ± 1.77) than the outpatient group (7.19% ± 0.72) (p Conclusion In conclusion, pediatric patients initially treated in the inpatient setting had poorer glycemic control and higher insulin requirements at baseline that persisted after three years of follow-up. These findings suggest that initial presentation may predict long-term clinical outcomes in children with T2DM. Presentation: Sunday, June 12, 2022 12:30 p.m. - 2:30 p.m.

The use of cochlear implantation to rehabilitate moderate to profound sensorineural hearing loss has become more widespread; however, the adult utilization rate of cochlear implant candidates is still very less. The study aims to examine the percentage of adult patients in a heterogeneous group of cochlear implant recipients at a nascent cochlear implant program who demonstrate improvements in speech outcomes.Speech outcome scores were assessed preoperatively and postoperatively at three, six, and 12-month intervals using consonant-nucleus-consonant (CNC) words and AzBio sentences in quiet. Mean speech outcome scores at each time point and binomial distribution tables with 95% CI were used to assess individual improvement in speech understanding.45 patients underwent a total of 49 cochlear implantation surgeries. The mean age at surgery was 62 years. The mean preoperative CNC score in the ear to be implanted was 18%±18, while the mean postoperative CNC score at three, six, and 12 months was 35%±21, 44%±23, and 45%±25, respectively. The mean preoperative AzBio score in the ear to be implanted was 22%±26 while the mean postoperative AzBio score at three, six, and 12 months was 50%±29, 56%±27, and 63%±26, respectively. Of the implantations, 74% (32 of 43) and 69% (22 of 32) showed significant improvement at six months or one year using AzBio and CNC binomial distribution tables, respectively.Findings demonstrate significant improvements in speech perception following cochlear implantation for patients not benefiting from hearing aid aural rehabilitation. The study provides realistic expectations for new and emerging programs hoping to demonstrate cochlear implant utility for improving patients' speech outcomes.

Laura Levin: In theatre and performance studies, we spend a lot of time talking about the artists who are featured in festivals, but much less time thinking about the curation of festivals as itself an important form of artistry. This means that we miss the important background work that curators and producers do.

Objective We examined whether diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), a serious complication of type 1 diabetes (T1D) was more prevalent among Non-Hispanic (NH) Black and Hispanic patients with T1D and laboratory-confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) compared with NH Whites. Method This is a cross-sectional study of patients with T1D and laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 from 52 clinical sites in the United States, data were collected from April to August 2020. We examined the distribution of patient factors and DKA events across NH White, NH Black, and Hispanic race/ethnicity groups. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the odds of DKA among NH Black and Hispanic patients with T1D as compared with NH White patients, adjusting for potential confounders, such as age, sex, insurance, and last glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level. Results We included 180 patients with T1D and laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 in the analysis. Forty-four percent (n = 79) were NH White, 31% (n = 55) NH Black, 26% (n = 46) Hispanic. NH Blacks and Hispanics had higher median HbA1c than Whites (%-points [IQR]: 11.7 [4.7], P

Dye removal from effluents is a major problem for most textile industries. At present, wastewater treatments are currently based on physico-chemical methods which are expensive, energy inefficient and of limited versatility. The aim of this work was to find a low-cost and efficient method for dye removal. To do this, we designed a combined system based on the immobilization of the ligninolytic white-rot fungus

Biocatalytic decolorization of azo dyes is hampered by their recalcitrance and the characteristics of textile effluents. Alkaline pH and heavy metals present in colored wastewaters generally limit the activity of enzymes such as laccases of fungal origin; this has led to an increasing interest in bacterial laccases. In this work, the dye decolorization ability of LAC_2.9, a laccase from the thermophilic bacterial strain Thermus sp. 2.9, was investigated. Its resistance towards different pHs and toxic heavy metals frequently present in wastewaters was also characterized. LAC_2.9 was active and highly stable in the pH range of 5.0 to 9.0. Even at 100 mM Cd

Important advances in neuroscience and neuroimaging have revolutionized our understanding of the human brain. Many of these advances provide new evidence regarding compensable injuries that have been used to support changes in legal policy. For example, we now know that regions of the brain involved in decision making continue to develop into the mid-20s, and this information weighs heavily in determining that execution or automatic sentence of life without the possibility of parole for someone younger than 18 years old, at the time of the crime, violates the 8th Amendment prohibition against “cruel and unusual punishment.” The probative value of other testimony regarding neuroimaging, however, is less clear, particularly for mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), also known as concussion. There is nonetheless some evidence that new imaging technologies, most notably diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), may be useful in detecting mTBI. More specifically, DTI is sensitive to detecting diffuse axonal brain injuries in white matter, the most common brain injury in mTBI. DTI is, in fact, the most promising technique available today for such injuries and it is beginning to be used clinically, although it remains largely within the purview of research. Its probative value is also not clear as it may be both prejudicial and misleading given that standardization is not yet established for use in either the clinic or the courtroom, and thus it may be premature for use in either. There are also concerns with the methods and analyses that have been used to provide quantitative evidence in legal cases. It is within this context that we provide a commentary on the use of neuroimaging in the courtroom, most particularly DTI, and the admissibility of evidence, as well as the definition and role of expert testimony. While there is a great deal of evidence demonstrating cognitive impairments in attention, processing speed, memory, and concentration from neuropsychological testing following mTBI, we focus here on the more recent introduction of DTI imaging in the courtroom. We also review definitions of mTBI followed by admissibility standards for scientific evidence in the courtroom, including Daubert criteria and two subsequent cases that comprise the so-called Daubert trilogy rulings on the admissibility of expert testimony. This is followed by a brief review of neuroimaging techniques available today, the latter with an emphasis on DTI and its application to mTBI. We then review some of the court rulings on the use of DTI. We end by highlighting the importance of neuroimaging in providing a new window on the brain, while cautioning against the premature use of new advances in imaging in the courtroom before standards are established in the clinical arena, which are informed by research. We also discuss further what is needed to reach a tipping point where such advances will provide important and meaningful data with respect to their probative value.

Editors Alana Gerecke and Laura Levin frame the central concerns and interventions of the issue. They insist that in this historical moment of Women’s Marches, Black Lives Matter, Occupy, and the Idle No More ‘round dance revolution,’ of flash mobs and pop-up culture, of relational art and postdramatic performance practices, we must think seriously about what is at stake in gathering and moving together in public spaces. Increasingly mainstream and increasingly evident, these collective reimaginings of quotidian practices, cultural consumption, and political resistance challenge the atomized ways we normally move through cities. In doing so, they pose questions of aesthetics, use, access, exclusion, density, and mobility “in resolutely physical terms” (Gerecke 42). What does it mean to show up and, more specifically, move together in these collective arrangements? How do different choreographic arrangements of public assembly shape and re-shape the social, the aesthetic, and the political?

The striatum receives segregated and integrative white matter tracts from the cortex facilitating information processing in the cortico-basal ganglia network. The authors examined both types of input tracts in the striatal associative loop in chronic schizophrenia patients and healthy control subjects.Structural and diffusion MRI scans were acquired on a 3-T system from 26 chronic schizophrenia patients and 26 matched healthy control subjects. Using FreeSurfer, the associative cortex was parcellated into ventrolateral prefrontal cortex and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex subregions. The striatum was manually parcellated into its associative and sensorimotor functional subregions. Fractional anisotropy and normalized streamlines, an estimate of fiber counts, were assessed in four frontostriatal tracts (dorsolateral prefrontal cortex-associative striatum, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex-sensorimotor striatum, ventrolateral prefrontal cortex-associative striatum, and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex-sensorimotor striatum). Furthermore, these measures were correlated with a measure of cognitive control, the Trail-Making Test, Part B.Results showed reduced fractional anisotropy and fewer streamlines in chronic schizophrenia patients for all four tracts, both segregated and integrative. Post hoc t tests showed reduced fractional anisotropy in the left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex-associative striatum and left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex-sensorimotor striatum and fewer normalized streamlines in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex-sensorimotor striatum and in the left and right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex-sensorimotor striatum in chronic schizophrenia patients. Furthermore, normalized streamlines in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex-sensorimotor striatum negatively correlated with Trail-Making Test, Part B, time spent in healthy control subjects but not in chronic schizophrenia patients.These findings demonstrated that structural connectivity is reduced in both segregated and integrative tracts in the striatal associative loop in chronic schizophrenia and that reduced normalized streamlines in the right-hemisphere dorsolateral prefrontal cortex-sensorimotor striatum predicted worse cognitive control in healthy control subjects but not in chronic schizophrenia patients, suggesting a loss of a "normal" brain-behavior correlation in chronic schizophrenia.

Highlights • Diffusion MRI measures provide insight into gray matter microstructure in PTSD. • Amygdala-hippocampal and cingulate microstructure is associated with PTSD severity. • Mild TBI may exacerbate the impact of limbic microstructure on PTSD severity. • Neural contributors to psychiatric disorder severity may be affected by brain injury., Background Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychiatric disorder that afflicts many individuals, yet the neuropathological mechanisms that contribute to this disorder remain to be fully determined. Moreover, it is unclear how exposure to mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), a condition that is often comorbid with PTSD, particularly among military personnel, affects the clinical and neurological presentation of PTSD. To address these issues, the present study explores relationships between PTSD symptom severity and the microstructure of limbic and paralimbic gray matter brain regions, as well as the impact of mTBI comorbidity on these relationships. Methods Structural and diffusion MRI data were acquired from 102 male veterans who were diagnosed with current PTSD. Diffusion data were analyzed with free-water imaging to quantify average CSF-corrected fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) in 18 limbic and paralimbic gray matter regions. Associations between PTSD symptom severity and regional average dMRI measures were examined with repeated measures linear mixed models. Associations were studied separately in veterans with PTSD only, and in veterans with PTSD and a history of military mTBI. Results Analyses revealed that in the PTSD only cohort, more severe symptoms were associated with higher FA in the right amygdala-hippocampus complex, lower FA in the right cingulate cortex, and lower MD in the left medial orbitofrontal cortex. In the PTSD and mTBI cohort, more severe PTSD symptoms were associated with higher FA bilaterally in the amygdala-hippocampus complex, with higher FA bilaterally in the nucleus accumbens, with lower FA bilaterally in the cingulate cortex, and with higher MD in the right amygdala-hippocampus complex. Conclusions These findings suggest that the microstructure of limbic and paralimbic brain regions may influence PTSD symptomatology. Further, given the additional associations observed between microstructure and symptom severity in veterans with head trauma, we speculate that mTBI may exacerbate the impact of brain microstructure on PTSD symptoms, especially within regions of the brain known to be vulnerable to chronic stress. A heightened sensitivity to the microstructural environment of the brain could partially explain why individuals with PTSD and mTBI comorbidity experience more severe symptoms and poorer illness prognoses than those without a history of brain injury. The relevance of these microstructural findings to the conceptualization of PTSD as being a disorder of stress-induced neuronal connectivity loss is discussed.

Chromatin immunoprecipitation coupled with sequencing (ChIP-seq) is a widely used method for mapping the genome-wide locations of chromatin-associated proteins. This protocol has been developed and utilized to perform ChIP on histone covalent modifications in various plant species including cereals. DNA and chromatin-associated proteins are crosslinked with formaldehyde. Chromatin is then isolated from nuclei and sheared via sonication. Antibodies targeting the histone modification of interest are incubated with the sheared chromatin and nonspecific interactions are washed away. DNA is purified via phenol-chloroform extraction, end-repaired, ligated to sequencing adapters, and PCR-amplified.

Chromatin immunoprecipitation coupled with sequencing (ChIP-seq) is a widely used method for mapping the genome-wide locations of chromatin-associated proteins. This protocol has been developed and utilized to perform ChIP on histone covalent modifications in various plant species including cereals. DNA and chromatin-associated proteins are crosslinked with formaldehyde. Chromatin is then isolated from nuclei and sheared via sonication. Antibodies targeting the histone modification of interest are incubated with the sheared chromatin and nonspecific interactions are washed away. DNA is purified via phenol-chloroform extraction, end-repaired, ligated to sequencing adapters, and PCR-amplified.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES:The AIM and ReM were recently introduced to objectify fusion biopsy deliverables. The AIM metric affords a quantifiable assessment of when US/MRI fusion targeted biopsy ...

The 2015 Canadian Association of Theatre Research and Société québécoise d’études théâtrales conferences at the University of Ottawa included a round table discussion on the intersection of theatre studies and theatre criticism in Canada, conducted in French and English. Here, its five participants (Hervé Guay, Laura Levin, Peter Dickinson, Alvina Ruprecht, and Alexandre Cadieux) revisit that lively and sometimes combustive event, repeating and expanding on points made, and reflecting on the discussion and thoughts arising from it.

Theatre’s Heterotopias is the first book to engage in a sustained way with the idea that theatre forms part of a special group of alternative, heterotopic spaces. It offers a pedagogically valuable site-sensitive method for performing heterotopic analyses of performances, and unsettles common approaches to space in theatre and performance.

In this online feature, Laura Levin and Carly Maga peer into the photo archive of VideoCabaret, one of Canada’s most celebrated and prolific political theatre companies. VideoCabaret’s work, which spans five decades, has been almost entirely devoted to the theatrical presentation, and scrutiny, of Canadian political figures. The images included not only highlight their unique aesthetic approach—a dazzling mix of media art, clown show, and political cabaret—but also reveal the tremendous contributions this company has made to modeling a form of art-making that can engage directly and energetically with political culture.

7007 Background: Malnutrition and cancer cachexia can lead to loss of muscle mass (sarcopenia) and are associated with poor outcomes. Muscle status can be evaluated by computed tomography (CT)-based radiographic measures, specifically at the L3 vertebrae where the psoas and other core muscles reside. We previously found that baseline malnutrition was associated with worse phase 1 clinical trial outcomes including increased toxicity and reduced survival (Jain et al. Oncologist, 2019). We sought to evaluate the relationship between muscle status and phase 1 trial outcomes. Methods: CT-based psoas muscle area (PMA) and psoas muscle density (PMD) were evaluated in 83 patients who enrolled in a phase 1 trial. We localized the L3 vertebral body on axial imaging and manually outlined the psoas muscle to calculate PMA (standardized to height) and PMD. Two reviewers independently conducted the analyses. We stratified patients by having a PMA or PMD above or below the group’s median. We evaluated for associations between PMA/PMD and the following clinical trial outcomes: rates of grade ≥ 3 toxicity, frequency of dose reductions/interruptions, hospitalizations, tumor response, duration on study (DOS), and overall survival (OS). We also evaluated for correlations between PMA/PMD and a validated measure of nutritional status, the PG-SGA. Chi-square analysis was used to determine statistical significance between groups. Kaplan-Meier curves were used to compare DOS and OS. Results: 83 patients were included (38 male, 45 female), with a median age of 60 (range 28-85). The most common cancer type was gastrointestinal (33%). Mean PMA was 2.89 cm2/m2 (range 1.41-5.72) and mean PMD 37.77 Hounsfield units (range 13.27-56.18). PMA above the median was associated with a reduced risk of grade ≥ 3 toxicity (32.5% vs 67.4%, p = 0.001). There was no association between PMD and grade ≥ 3 toxicity, or between PMA/PMD and other phase 1 trial outcomes. There was a significant correlation between nutritional status and PMA (r = -0.278, p = 0.01) but not PMD. Conclusions: PMA and PMD are readily available CT-based measures of muscle status. In oncology phase 1 clinical trial participants, lower baseline PMA was associated with a two-fold increased risk of grade ≥ 3 toxicity. Baseline PMA was moderately correlated with nutritional status which was previously shown to be associated with poor trial outcomes. More research is necessary to further understand the specific mechanisms by which nutritional status and muscle mass may influence toxicity risk in this population.

The following is an edited transcription of a roundtable conversation held on 3 June 2013 at the Canadian Association for Theatre Research conference in Victoria, BC. The original blog referenced below can be accessed at http://performancegenealogies.wordpress.com/. Heather Davis-Fisch: The idea for this panel came out of a series of conversations that the roundtable participants have had over the last couple of years. It became clear to us that there was interest in a focused conversation about how we understand and construct the pasts of performances taking place in and on the lands now known as Canada. There was particular interest in looking at historiographical and methodological approaches that operate in, and are appropriate to Canadian contexts. We began with the idea of performance genealogies, taking as our starting point Joseph Roach's description of performance genealogies in Cities of the Dead. In Roach's words, genealogies "document--and suspect--the historical transmission and dissemination of cultural practices through collective representations" (25). This provides one theoretical framework for putting theatrical, extra-theatrical, and non-theatrical performances in conversation with one another and for describing "the disparities between history as it is discursively transmitted and memory as it is publicly enacted by the bodies that bear its consequences" (26). In preparing for this roundtable, one of our central concerns was problematizing the idea of genealogies and examining other frameworks for interpreting and connecting performances of the past. Beginning with the question of what theoretical models and methods of genealogies are appropriate--or inappropriate--to Canadian contexts, each of our participants has chosen a keyword to investigate, tracking out in a sense, the keyword's genealogy. In blog discussions preparing for our panel today, Marlis drew our attention to Jill Lane's article on the merits of a keywords approach in Latin American performance, making the point that this approach emerges as a potential solution to several problems in Canadian performance history as well. Marlis wrote: "a keywords approach works against the unidirectional singular narrative approach of more traditional Western scholarship and brings ambiguity, contestation, and debate to light. In this respect, I see obvious connections to Foucault's use of genealogy to move away from singular, linear teleological narratives (i.e. A begat B begat C begat D but it all started with A)" (Canadian). In other words, this approach allows us to look for connections that might be obscured by national, or linear, or institutional approaches. Keywords also lead us to consider how language and vocabulary construct how we understand the past, particularly when we look at how language shapes or marks discursive and critical moves. Before turning to our roundtable participants, I want to flag three meta-questions that run beneath our discussion. First, why have certain narratives of performance unfolded or prevailed in Canadian performance studies and histories and what investments--personal, institutional, regional, aesthetic or political-are preserved in these choices? Second, the genealogical approach and other alternative approaches to the performative past challenge binaries between theatre/performance, past/present, space/time, but attempting to disrupt these binaries often generates new binaries. One notable example of this is archive/repertoire. We want to identify when we wrestle with these binaries and to ask what our investments in these binaries symptomatize. Finally, we want to raise questions of ethics, concerning who decides which events, performances, or histories count, what violence we commit or repeat in representing the past, and what epistemologies or ontologies we privilege. Each participant will begin by giving a short description of the term she has been working with and then we will address three questions that emerged from our online discussions. …