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Abstract Flatfish undergo a remarkable metamorphosis from symmetrical pelagic larvae to fully asymmetrical benthic juveniles. The most distinctive features of this transformation is the migration of one eye. The molecular role of thyroid hormone in the metamorphosis process in flatfishes is well established. However, the regulatory network that facilitates eye movement remains enigmatic. This paper presents a morphological investigation of the metamorphic process in turbot eyes, using advanced imaging techniques and a global view of gene expression. The study covers migrant and non-migrant eyes and aims to identify the genes that are active during ocular migration. Our transcriptomic analysis shows a significant up-regulation of immune-related genes. The analysis of eye-specific genes reveals distinct patterns during the metamorphic process. Myosin is highlighted in the non-migrant eye, while ependymin is highlighted in the migrant eye, possibly involved in optic nerve regeneration. Furthermore, a potential association between the alx3 gene and cranial restructuring has been identified. Additionally, it confirmed simultaneous adaptation to low light in both eyes, as described by changes in opsins expression during the metamorphic process. The study also revealed that ocular migration activates systems asynchronously in both eyes, providing insight into multifaceted reorganization processes during metamorphosis of flatfish.

El dosímetro Fricke es uno de los dispositivos químicos más utilizados en diferentes aplicaciones, tanto clínicas como industriales. Estudios recientes muestran que puede ser usado como patrón de referencia primaria en braquiterapia de alta tasa de dosis. Sin embargo, para aplicaciones en radiología diagnóstica existen muy pocos estudios sobre la respuesta de las soluciones Fricke a energías medias típicas manejadas en radiodiagnóstico. En este sentido, en este artículo se muestran los resultados de la caracterización de la respuesta en función de la energía para dosímetros Fricke preparados según la norma ISO/ASTM 51026:2015, empleando las calidades de haz para radiodiagnóstico RQR (Radiation Qualities radiology) implementadas en Laboratorio Secundario de Calibración Dosimétrica del Servicio Geológico Colombiano. La caracterización de la respuesta de los dosímetros Fricke se realizó acumulando una dosis absorbida en agua de 10 Gy medida previamente por una cámara de ionización. Las variaciones de energía media se efectuaron desde los 0,038 MeV hasta 0,067 MeV. Los resultados obtenidos muestran diferencias de 5% hasta un 80% de la dosis absorbida en agua media por los dosímetros Fricke, frente a las dosis medidas con cámara de ionización, para variaciones de energía media utilizadas en radiodiagnóstico.

Abstract Antibody discovery is bottlenecked by the individual expression and evaluation of antigen-specific hits. Here, we address this bottleneck by developing a workflow combining cell-free DNA template generation, cell-free protein synthesis, and binding measurements of antibody fragments in a process that takes hours rather than weeks. We apply this workflow to evaluate 135 previously published antibodies targeting the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), including all 8 antibodies previously granted emergency use authorization for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and demonstrate identification of the most potent antibodies. We also evaluate 119 anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies from a mouse immunized with the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and identify neutralizing antibody candidates, including the antibody SC2-3, which binds the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein of all tested variants of concern. We expect that our cell-free workflow will accelerate the discovery and characterization of antibodies for future pandemics and for research, diagnostic, and therapeutic applications more broadly.

Abstract Metamorphosis is a widely studied post-embryonic process in which many tissues undergo dramatic modifications to adapt to the new adult lifestyle. Flatfishes represent a good example of metamorphosis in teleost fishes. During metamorphosis of flatfish, organ regression and neoformation occur, with one of the most notable changes being the migration of one of the eyes to the other side of the body. In order to create a useful and reliable tool to advance the molecular study of metamorphosis in flatfish, we generated a chromatin accessible atlas as well as gene expression profile during four developmental stages ranging from a phylotypic to a post-metamorphic stage. We identified 29,019 differentially accessible chromatin regions and 3,253 differentially expressed genes. We found stage-specific regulatory regions and gene expression profiles, supporting the quality of the results. Our work provides strongly reproducible data for further studies to elucidate the regulatory elements that ensure successful metamorphosis in flatfish species.

Abstract Wastewater-based epidemiology has shown to be an efficient tool to track the circulation of SARS-CoV-2 in communities assisted by wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). The challenge comes when this approach is employed to help Health authorities in their decision-making. Here, we describe the roadmap for the design and deployment of SARSAIGUA, the Catalan Surveillance Network of SARS-CoV-2 in Sewage. The network monitors, weekly or biweekly, 56 WWTPs evenly distributed across the territory and serving 6 M inhabitants (80% of the Catalan population). Each week, samples from 45 WWTPs are collected, analyzed, results reported to Health authorities, and finally published within less than 72 h in an online dashboard ( https://sarsaigua.icra.cat ). After 20 months of monitoring (July 20–March 22), the standardized viral load (gene copies/day) in all the WWTPs monitored fairly matched the cumulative number of COVID-19 cases along the successive pandemic waves, showing a good fit with the diagnosed cases in the served municipalities (Spearman Rho = 0.69). Here we describe the roadmap of the design and deployment of SARSAIGUA while providing several open-access tools for the management and visualization of the surveillance data.

Gamification has become an increasingly used pedagogical approach in the classroom, motivating students and enhancing their educational experience. This has led to the need for specific training for teachers, as well as a need to understand how this training can be effective and how contact with gamification during teacher training can influence the attitude of pre-service teachers. Therefore, this case report has focused on examining pre-service teachers’ perceptions of gamification as a tool used in their teacher education. Qualitative semi-structured interviews were conducted to collect data on the participants’ individual experience with gamification and their perception of future uses of this technique. The data were collected between December 2010 and February 2020 in Granada, Spain, and were analyzed using qualitative content analysis to identify general trends and findings. Pre-service teachers present a positive perception of gamification as a tool to enhance and motivate learning, highlighting the importance of prior training for its application in the right context, as well as the need to investigate other teaching approaches to improve the effectiveness of gamification. In conclusion, it should be noted that gamification is a pedagogical approach increasingly used in the classroom, so specific training is needed for the teachers responsible for carrying out this technique. This training should include research on the effectiveness of gamification, as well as the best approaches for its application, for student motivation, and for the creation of equal relationships between students.

This article presents a conceptual analysis of the European educational policy concerning the phenomenon of early school leaving (ESL). It addresses the literature on ESL, emphasizing the importance of studying policies from the perspective of the constructions made of the leaving subject. The concept of lifelong learning is examined, along with its relevance in shaping the subject who leaves within European policies. Additionally, the presence of “double gestures” in educational policies is explored, where, while promoting inclusion, they simultaneously produce exclusion of certain individuals. The influence of the neoliberal approach on the conception of ESL is discussed, and the need to consider alternative approaches to avoid homogenizing the group of young individuals who leave school prematurely is proposed.

Here, we present a systematic review of the literature on Early Leaving from Education and Training (ELET), which uses the life course paradigm as an explanatory model or approach. This review has returned little in the way of scientific literature, although interest in the topic has been growing in recent years, which addresses the ELET process from different points of view. First, we highlight the means that this review provides to contextualize ELET in relation to new age-specific norms, reflecting on the process that has led to it. In addition, this review suggests that it is increasingly important to change the focus of research on ELET, exploring the process within a framework of complex trajectories, including the possibility of returning once ELET has occurred.

Abstract Solar drying is a sustainable process that may impact the quality of dried food. This is because, pigments contained in food are sensitive to sunlight, and exposure to ultraviolet radiation can affect them. We applied biopolymer-based coatings on strawberry, from hydro-colloidal solutions of Opuntia ficus indica-mucilage, fenugreek, xanthan gum, gum Arabic, and guar gum to evaluate their potential use as UV filters for solar drying of food. Thermal properties and the optical transmittance, absorbance and reflectance of the coatings were measured to assess their influence on food-sunlight interaction. During the drying experiments, the moisture content, total anthocyanins (TA), and total phenolic compounds (TPC) were measured. Optical and thermal properties are influenced by the biopolymer-based coatings. Also, the optical properties are influenced by the coating thickness. The differences in optical and thermal properties influence the drying process. Differences exist in the drying rate for strawberry slices with coating, compared with those without the coatings. In general, the TA and TPC content in the product are better preserved under solar drying than in control experiments done in a drying oven. A partial transmittance of solar UV radiation is recommended to obtain increased TA and TPC contents in the dried product.

This article focuses on the changes experienced by European youth because of the neoliberal globalised model. It analyses the impact of these socio-economic changes on school-to-work transitions and explores different theoretical perspectives (from the linear to pinball models) to understand them from a critical point of view centred on the individual. These transformations have caused the traditional markers of passage to adulthood to become diluted, generating de-standardised trajectories with possible “round-trip” states. The aim is to provide an understanding of youth-related phenomena under models described with the sociology of transition, exploring aspects such as reversibility and contextual influence on their life course.

The importance of achieving an inclusive education to ensure parity and equality between genders is a worldwide challenge. Consequently, it is essential to rethink the various places and spaces within the school environment where gender inequalities are produced. Physical education is one of these spaces which has been identified as a problematic area in the literature. In order to address this issue and respond to the needs identified in the research, this systematic review presents action initiatives aimed at applying certain teaching strategies highlighted in the study. The PRISMA method was used to review 274 studies which explore this topic at various levels of education, emphasizing the need for coeducational teaching of physical education and the necessity of proposing motivational tasks for both sexes. In particular, results show that some studies have focused on the need for physical education teachers to be aware of potential gender-biased structures when developing curricula, approaches and materials. Other research has highlighted that in order for physical education classes to be inclusive, equitable opportunities must be provided for all students to participate. In addition, strategies should be implemented which promote positive attitudes towards physical activity by addressing any underlying gender stereotypes and by breaking down traditional boundaries that exist between genders. In conclusion, this systematic review has identified a number of teaching strategies which could help teachers create an equitable learning environment within physical education classes. This could subsequently lead to greater success in achieving an inclusive education which promotes parity and equality between genders.

Utilization of lignin, an abundant renewable resource, is limited by its heterogenous composition and complex structure. Biological valorization of lignin provides advantages over traditional chemical processing as it occurs at ambient temperature and pressure and does not use harsh chemicals. Furthermore, the ability to biologically funnel heterogenous substrates to products eliminates the need for costly downstream processing and separation of feedstocks. However, lack of relevant metabolic networks and low tolerance to degradation products of lignin limits the application of traditional engineered model organisms. To circumvent this obstacle, we employed Acinetobacter baylyi ADP1, which natively catabolizes lignin-derived aromatic substrates through the β-ketoadipate pathway, to produce mevalonate from lignin-derived compounds. We enabled expression of the mevalonate pathway in ADP1 and validated activity in the presence of multiple lignin-derived aromatic substrates. Furthermore, by knocking out wax ester synthesis and utilizing fed-batch cultivation, we improved mevalonate titers 7.5-fold to 1014 mg/L (6.8 mM). This work establishes a foundation and provides groundwork for future efforts to engineer improved production of mevalonate and derivatives from lignin-derived aromatics using ADP1.

Abstract Purpose To compare the efficacy of systemic treatment with linezolid (LNZ) versus vancomycin (VAN) on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) burden and eradication in endotracheal tube (ETT) biofilm and ETT cuff from orotracheally intubated patients with MRSA respiratory infection. Methods Prospective observational clinical study was carried out at four European tertiary hospitals. Plasma and endotracheal aspirate (ETA) levels of LNZ and VAN were determined 72 h after treatment initiation through high-performance liquid chromatography or bioassay. LNZ or VAN concentration in the ETT biofilm and MRSA burden and eradication was determined upon extubation. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for LNZ and VAN was assessed by E-test strips (Biomerieux®). Scanning electron microscopy images were obtained, and ETT biofilm thickness was compared between groups. Results Twenty-five patients, 15 treated with LNZ and 10 with VAN, were included in the study. LNZ presented a significantly higher concentration (μg/mL) than VAN in ETT biofilm (72.8 [1.3–127.1] vs 0.4 [0.4–1.3], p

Liver diseases cause approximately 2 million deaths per year worldwide and had an increasing incidence during the last decade. Risk factors for liver diseases include alcohol consumption, obesity, diabetes, the intake of hepatotoxic substances like aflatoxin, viral infection, and genetic determinants. Liver cancer is the sixth most prevalent cancer and the third in mortality (second in males). The low survival rate (less than 20% in 5 years) is partially explained by the late diagnosis, which remarks the need for new early molecular biomarkers. One-carbon metabolism integrates folate and methionine cycles and participates in essential cell processes such as redox homeostasis maintenance and the regulation of methylation reactions through the production of intermediate metabolites such as cysteine and S-Adenosylmethionine. One-carbon metabolism has a tissue specific configuration, and in the liver, the participating enzymes are abundantly expressed—a requirement to maintain hepatocyte differentiation. Targeted proteomics studies have revealed significant differences in hepatocellular carcinoma and cirrhosis, suggesting that monitoring one-carbon metabolism enzymes can be useful for stratification of liver disease patients and to develop precision medicine strategies for their clinical management. Here, reprogramming of one-carbon metabolism in liver diseases is described and the role of mass spectrometry to follow-up these alterations is discussed.

In this article, a Colombian field was chosen which is located in Puerto Nare, Antioquia where there is a good location to install Concentrated Solar Power (CSP), which consists of concentrating heat through the sun, to generate steam and supply it and also be able to do this without the absence of solar irradiation, through this article the LCOE calculation will be evidenced by the System Advisor Model (SAM) simulator taking into account different factors, obtaining a value of 0.4kW /$, which tells us which is quite profitable. Therefore, this energy is viable for the implementation in the cyclical injection of steam to the Colombian TECA field, where it is desired to predict the calculation of the production rate through an analytical model and calculate the heat losses, to know the proper steam temperature for cyclic injection.

Mussel beds are an important habitat in many coastal systems, harboring a high diversity of biota. They are threatened by anthropogenic impacts that affect mussels and their associated assemblages. Pollution, harvesting, trampling, dredging and trawling are major threats faced by these communities. Most of the studies on the effects of such impacts on the mussel beds overlook the associated fauna. Since mussels are very resilient, especially to pollution, the associated fauna can provide a better footprint of the impacts’ effects. In this review, we looked into the main remarks regarding the effects of anthropogenic impacts in mussel bed communities. Organic pollution was the best studied impact and the Atlantic region was the best studied zone. Low values of abundance, biomass, diversity, evenness and species richness were reported for all categories of impacts, with some studies describing declines in at least three of these descriptors. Among the associated fauna, some tolerant species benefited from the impacts, particularly organic enrichment, and became more abundant, but sensitive species suffered considerable declines in density, mainly in dredging and trawling impacts. Therefore, fauna associated with mussel beds is a suitable indicator of anthropogenic disturbances.

Injuries to the hamstring muscles are an increasing problem in sports. Imaging plays a key role in diagnosing and managing athletes with muscle injuries, but there are several problems with conventional imaging modalities with respect to cost and availability. We hypothesized that microwave imaging could provide improved availability and lower costs and lead to improved and more accurate diagnostics. In this paper, a semicircular microwave imaging array with eight antennae was investigated. A key component in this system is the novel antenna design, which is based on a monopole antenna and a lossy gel. The purpose of the gel is to reduce the effects of multipath signals and improve the imaging quality. Several different gels have been manufactured and evaluated in imaging experiments. For comparison, corresponding simulations were performed. The results showed that the gels can effectively reduce the multipath signals and the imaging experiments resulted in significantly more stable and repeatable reconstructions when a lossy gel was used compared to when an almost non-lossy gel was used.

Seagrass meadows are productive ecosystems and many animal species are dependent on them, including a wide diversity of invertebrates. This study aims to explore spatial diversity patterns of benthic invertebrates associated with Zostera noltei. Three areas with Z. noltei meadows were sampled along the Mira Channel (Ria de Aveiro). At each area, two sites were selected and four cores were taken at each site. Fauna was sorted, counted, and identified to the lowest taxonomical level. Results showed significant differences in the number of taxa among meadows. It was also observed that some taxa presented differences in the abundance among meadows.

Acute pancreatitis is an inflammatory process of the pancreatic gland that may lead to dysregulation of the trans-sulfuration pathway. The aims of this work were firstly to study the methionine cycle as well as the trans-sulfuration pathway using metabolomic and proteomic approaches identifying the causes of this dysregulation in an experimental model of acute pancreatitis; and secondly to reveal the effects of S-adenosylmethionine administration on these pathways. Acute pancreatitis was induced by cerulein in mice, and a group of animals received S-adenosylmethionine treatment. Cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis rapidly caused marked depletion of methionine, S-adenosylmethionine, 5′-methylthioadenosine, cystathionine, cysteine, and glutathione levels in pancreas, but S-adenosylhomocysteine and homocysteine remained unchanged. Protein steady-state levels of S-adenosylhomocysteine-hydrolase and cystathionine gamma-lyase diminished but methylthioadenosine phosphorylase levels increased in pancreas with acute pancreatitis. Although cystathionine β-synthase protein levels did not change with acute pancreatitis, Nos2 mRNA and protein levels were markedly up-regulated and caused tyrosine nitration of cystathionine β-synthase in pancreas. S-adenosylmethionine administration enhanced Nos2 mRNA expression and cystathionine β-synthase nitration and triggered homocysteine accumulation in acute pancreatitis. Furthermore, S-adenosylmethionine administration promoted enrichment of the euchromatin marker H3K4me3 in the promoters of Tnf-α, Il-6, and Nos2 and enhanced the mRNA up-regulation of these genes. Accordingly, S-adenosylmethionine administration increased inflammatory infiltrate and edema in pancreas with acute pancreatitis. In conclusion, tyrosine-nitration of cystathionine β-synthase blockades the trans-sulfuration pathway in acute pancreatitis promoting homocysteine accumulation upon S-adenosylmethionine treatment. Keywords: Acute inflammation, S-adenosylmethionine, Homocysteine, Cystathionine β-synthase, Nitrosative stress

Metamorphosis is a captivating process of change during which the morphology of the larva is completely reshaped to face the new challenges of adult life. In the case of fish, this process initiated in the brain has traditionally been considered to be a critical rearing point and despite the pioneering molecular work carried out in other flatfishes, the underlying molecular basis is still relatively poorly characterized. Turbot brain transcriptome of three developmental stages (pre-metamorphic, climax of metamorphosis and post-metamorphic) were analyzed to study the gene expression dynamics throughout the metamorphic process. A total of 1570 genes were differentially expressed in the three developmental stages and we found a specific pattern of gene expression at each stage. Unexpectedly, at the climax stage of metamorphosis, we found highly expressed genes related to the immune response, while the biological pathway enrichment analysis in pre-metamorphic and post-metamorphic were related to cell differentiation and oxygen carrier activity, respectively. In addition, our results confirm the importance of thyroid stimulating hormone, increasing its expression during metamorphosis. Based on our findings, we assume that immune system activation during the climax of metamorphosis stage could be related to processes of larval tissue inflammation, resorption and replacement, as occurs in other vertebrates.

Sexual reproduction in seagrasses is essential to increase their resilience towards environmental stressors, but its phenology is still unknown in some regions, limiting our knowledge about the recovery capacity of these ecosystems. In this study, the flowering effort, reproductive phenology, seed production and ability of germination of Zostera noltei was studied for the first time in the Ria de Aveiro lagoon, Portugal. Flowering of Z. noltei in the Ria de Aveiro lasts from June to November, reaching a peak between July and August. All the meadows showed similar flowering effort and phenology over time. Comparing with other European populations, the flowering effort of Z. noltei in Ria de Aveiro lasted for a longer period, which could be related with the milder temperatures in summer and autumn and the great anthropogenic stress to which the meadows are subjected in the lagoon. The number of seeds produced and their ability of germination were similar among meadows and sampling periods, reaching levels similar to those of other European regions. Nevertheless, future studies are needed to determine the fate of the produced seeds in the field to have a better understanding about the natural recovery capacity of the species.

Recent studies have shown increasing Zostera noltei meadows in areas modified by anthropogenic activities. However, it is not entirely clear whether this trend of expansion could be linked to a greater reproductive effort in the species. Anthropogenic stressors can induce the reproductive effort of seagrass meadows as a response to stress, but other variables, such as seagrass biometrics or environmental factors, can also influence their sexual reproduction. To increase the knowledge regarding this issue, we monitored the flowering effort, seagrass biometrics and abiotic parameters of three Z. noltei meadows in an area that has been highly modified by anthropogenic activities during the past decades. Results showed that silt and clay content in the sediment (strongly correlated with organic matter) and seagrass vertical shoot density explained 54% of the variability in the flowering effort of the meadows. This study suggests that stress-induced flowering of Z. noltei may occur under determinate environmental conditions, such as silty environments with organic enrichment.

Purpose: This article explores challenges faced by doctoral candidates using grounded theory (GT) in their theses, focusing on coding, theory development and time constraints. It also examines the impact of doctoral committees on GT dissertations, addressing epistemological clashes and the desire for familiarity over novelty. Design/methodology/approach: Drawing from a multilevel autoethnography and related literature, this study offers pragmatic solutions and strategies for a seamless research journey. Findings: Coding, theory development and time constraints pose universal challenges, requiring mentorship for effective navigation. Addressing committee dynamics is crucial for developing novel theoretical frameworks. Originality/value: The article empowers researchers to overcome GT challenges, delving into various positions within the GT paradigm, fostering transparency and facilitating original contributions to their fields.

Marine litter can end up deposited on sandy beaches and become entangled in the natural wrack, threatening its roles in ecosystems. However, it is currently unknown whether the storage of both artificial and natural accumulations on sandy beaches is correlated. Here, we quantified and compared, by first time, the litter and natural wrack on five sandy beaches in the north of Portugal. Results showed that the amount of marine litter and natural wrack were not correlated. Most of the sandy beaches had more litter than wrack and both artificial and natural accumulations disclosed high spatio-temporal variability. In summer, annual and opportunistic macroalgae dominated the wrack, while the litter was mainly formed by cigarette butts and leftover food. In winter, perennial taxa were more abundant in the wrack and plastics from mussel farming and cotton bud sticks dominated the litter. The macroalga Fucus spp., plastic pieces and materials from fishing were frequent in both periods. This study confirms that, currently, more litter than natural wrack reaches the Northern Portuguese sandy beaches, evidencing the need to take urgent measures against this contamination. Future management measures should consider this spatio-temporal variability to quantify both depositions.

The seagrass Posidonia oceanica is considered one of the oldest and largest living organisms on Earth. Notwithstanding, given the difficulty of monitoring its fruits and seeds in the field, the development of P. oceanica during its sexual recruitment is not completely understood. We studied the stages of development of P. oceanica seeds from their dispersion in the fruit interior to their settlement in sediment through histological, ultrastructural and mesocosm experiments. P. oceanica sexual recruitment can be divided into three main stages that focus on maximising photosynthesis and anchoring the seedlings to the sediment. In the first stage (fruit dispersion), seeds perform photosynthesis while being transported inside the fruit along the sea surface. In the second stage (seed adhesion), seeds develop adhesive microscopic hairs that cover the primary and secondary roots and favour seed adhesion to the substrate. In the last stage (seedling anchorage), roots attach the seedlings to the substrate by orienting them towards the direction of light to maximise photosynthesis. The adaptations observed in P. oceanica are similar to those in other seagrasses with non-dormant seeds and fruits with membranous pericarps, such as Thalassia sp. and Enhalus sp. These common strategies suggest a convergent evolution in such seagrasses in terms of sexual recruitment. Understanding the sexual recruitment of habitat-forming species such as seagrasses is necessary to adequately manage the ecosystems that they inhabit.

El objetivo fue realizar un análisis de la producción científicadesarrollada hasta la fecha sobre actividad física (AF) extracurricular en niños occidentales de 6 a 12 años. Se utilizaron las bases de datos Medline/Pub-Med, Scopus y metabuscador Google Scholar para recoger artículos publicados entre enero de 1990 y mayo de 2013. Se analizó un total de 104 publicaciones. Los parámetros de composición corporal son los más utilizados para valorar los resultados de los estudios, seguidos de aquellos que estiman la capacidad aeróbica máxima. Los artículos de intervención se presentan con unas características metodológicas muy heterogéneas, aunque existen tendencias claras en el uso de determinados aspectos. En cuanto a las revisiones, la mayoría son sistemáticas e incluyen metaanálisis; el índice de masa corporal (IMC) es el parámetro más utilizado.

N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most abundant internal modification of eukaryotic messenger RNA (mRNA) and plays critical roles in RNA biology. The function of this modification is mediated by m6A-selective ‘reader’ proteins of the YTH family, which incorporate m6A-modified mRNAs into pathways of RNA metabolism. Here, we show that the m6A-binding protein YTHDC1 mediates export of methylated mRNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm in HeLa cells. Knockdown of YTHDC1 results in an extended residence time for nuclear m6A-containing mRNA, with an accumulation of transcripts in the nucleus and accompanying depletion within the cytoplasm. YTHDC1 interacts with the splicing factor and nuclear export adaptor protein SRSF3, and facilitates RNA binding to both SRSF3 and NXF1. This role for YTHDC1 expands the potential utility of chemical modification of mRNA, and supports an emerging paradigm of m6A as a distinct biochemical entity for selective processing and metabolism of mammalian mRNAs.

Catalytic steam reforming of ethanol (SRE) is a promising route for the production of renewable hydrogen (H2). This article reviews the influence of doping supported-catalysts used in SRE on the conversion of ethanol, selectivity for H2, and stability during long reaction periods. In addition, promising new technologies such as membrane reactors and electrochemical reforming for performing SRE are presented.

The cancer experience is a process that affects the family, which is the primary support system and is disturbed to its normal performance, resulting psychological distress associated with cancer development. The screening process of emotional distress in relatives of cancer patients, involves the use of assessment strategies both quantitative and qualitative for determining whether the family support system has the knowledge, skills and attitudes necessary to provide care and maintain both patient herself. The study of relationship between family functioning and psychological adjustment was aimed to analyze how the functioning and family support would influence to its adaptation to the disease; for this goal, we analyzed the family type, its structure and psychological adjustment. The procedure is based on the application of a Questionnaire of social and demographic information, and test: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Family Relationship Index, Self-report Family Inventory and the APGAR-F. Study results let identified higher levels of emotional involvement in relatives group. As for family screening tests, there is considerable similarity in the results, to be seen in the three test that is a small percentage, the group of families that with characteristics of dysfunctional systems. Functional families had lower emotional involvement.

Objetivos: Mejorar la calidad de vida, la ansiedad y la depresión de los cuidadores de pacientes en atención domiciliaria. Métodos: Ensayo clínico aleatorizado; 79 cuidadores principales (39 grupo control y 40 grupo intervención) de pacientes en atención domiciliaria de un centro de salud entre 2000 y 2001. La calidad de vida, la ansiedad y la depresión se midieron mediante los cuestionarios COOP/WONCA y la escala de Goldberg, respectivamente, al inicio y al final del estudio. Las intervenciones consistieron en 2 visitas médicas para realizar la anamnesis biopsicosocial del cuidador y una visita de enfermería sobre educación sanitaria. Se enviaron dos cartas adaptadas a cada cuidador y se realizaron dos llamadas telefónicas de apoyo. Resultados: Se observó una mejora significativa del grupo intervención respecto al grupo control en relación con WONCA-sentimientos (p = 0,03), WONCA-actividades sociales (p = 0,05) y WONCA-calidad de vida (p = 0,02). Conclusiones: Una intervención multidisciplinaria y adaptada a la consulta habitual podría reducir el deterioro de la calidad de vida de los cuidadores.Objectives: To improve quality of life, anxiety and depression in caregivers of patients in home care. Methods: We performed a randomized clinical trial in 79 main caregivers (39 control group and 40 intervention group) of patients in the home care program of a primary care health center between 2000 and 2001. Quality of life, anxiety and depression were measured by the COOP/WONCA and Goldberg questionnaires, respectively, at the beginning and at the end of the study. Interventions consisted of two medical visits to take a bio-psychosocial history of the caregiver and a nurse visit for health education. Two letters, adapted to each carer's needs, were sent and two telephone calls were made. vlife (p = 0.02). Conclusions: A short multidisciplinary intervention program adapted to routine consultations could prevent deterioration in caregivers' quality of life.

En este trabajo hacemos una revisión de lo que ha venido sucediendo desde mediados del siglo XX en una gran parte de la producción de la literatura infantil y juvenil que responde a las características generales de la posmodernidad y la globalización. De esta manera, percibimos desde el rasgo más importante que es la crisis de los grandes relatos, entre los que se encuentra el de la infancia a la manera romántica, hasta el elemento irónico y paródico que es una característica clave de la estética contemporánea. La neo-subversión en la LIJ nace al amparo de esta enorme cubierta posmoderna como una revisión de la subversión tradicional que ya ha sido aceptada y catalogada como parte de los textos clásicos como Pinocho o Alicia en el país de las maravillas. Los textos tradicionales y subversivos terminan cuando el protagonista regresa a la normalidad y se inserta en el mundo adulto de acuerdo con los parámetros establecidos. En la neosubversión no hay un regreso, el protagonista no se cura de su rebeldía, no se privilegia el final feliz. Las diversas modalidades de esta neo-subversión indican las preocupaciones contemporáneas, la manera de ver la vida y el espíritu del tiempo.

El presente trabajo explora la pervivencia de los diferentes tipos de seres imaginarios, fantásticos y míticos en algunos de los textos clave de la tradición literaria inglesa hasta nuestros días. Así mismo, considera la oscilación de los límites entre fantasía y realidad, sueño y vigilia que posibilita su permanencia. Abordamos la vigencia y continuidad de estos seres remotos, recuperados en obras tales como las de J. R. R. Tolkien o C. S. Lewis y reavivados por fenómeos tan actuales como Harry Potter de J. K. Rowling y la triología El Hechizo de C. McNish. Las criaturas maravillosas son producto de un trabajo configurativo, proceso aún vigente, en el que participan cientos de voces anónimas de distintas tradiciones, lenguas y cultutas; perviven debido a la transmisión, recuperación y reescritura de los relatos orales, míticos y maravillosos en que figuran. De esta forma, se establece una relación palimpséstica en la cual participan dos textos, no necesariamente escritos, cuya copresencia es, además de recuperación, recreación, así como una invitación abierta a abrevar y apropiarse de los mitos y seres fantásticos que pueblan el imaginario y la tradición.

Este estudio analiza la respuesta ventilatoria en 46 niños varones (8,28 ± 1 años) durante una prueba máxima incremental en cicloergómetro y las concentraciones de lactato sanguíneo al final de la prueba. El incremento fue de 10 vatios cada minuto y se inició a 25 vatios. Durante la prueba el aire espirado se recolectó a través de una mascarilla facial y se analizó respiración a respiración. El segundo umbral ventilatorio (VT2) se determinó según los métodos de intercambio de gases. Todos los niños alcanzaron una potencia máxima (Pmáx) de 82,4 ± 1,6 W y un consumo pico de oxígeno (VO2) de 44,69 ± 3,01 ml/kg/min. El VT2 estaba en el 86,5% del VO2pico. El lactato sanguíneo al final de la prueba fue de 9,65 ± 1,58 mM/l. Las concentraciones de lactato sanguíneo son mucho mayores que las registradas en la mayoría de los estudios previos y no parecen ser diferentes a las observadas en deportistas bien entrenados al final de una prueba similar. La ecuación que obtuvimos de la relación entre producción de dióxido de carbono (VCO2) y ventilación (VE) fue lineal (y = 0,0324x - 0,008; R² = 0,999). En comparación con adultos evaluados previamente en nuestro laboratorio (y = 0,0347x + 0,1452; R² = 0,9854) fueron prácticamente idénticas. Esto puede ser un argumento válido para considerar que la capacidad de eliminar CO2 en niños es tan alta como la de los adultos.

Abstract Health problems related to a low level of physical activity (PA) in children and adolescents have prompted research into extracurricular PA programs. This study was designed to determine the effects of two different levels of PA on the health-related fitness of school children. Ninety-four girls and boys (7-9 years) were randomly assigned to a control group (CG) or intervention group (IG). Over a 12 week study period, children in the CG participated in a similar PA program to that of a standard school physical education program while those in the IG completed a high intensity interval training (HIIT) program. Both programs involved two 40 minute extracurricular sessions per week. Our findings indicate that the HIIT intervention improved motor capacity (speed/agility), Vpeak, VO2 max and excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) (p < 0.05) along with the musculoskeletal capacity of the lower trunk (mean propulsive velocity and standing long jump, p < 0.05). The PA program had no effect on anthropometric variables or hand-grip strength. The data indicate that a 12 week strength training program using workloads adapted to children may significantly improve several markers of health and physical fitness compared to a standard school PA program.

BACKGROUND: Mechanistic data is increasingly used in hazard identification of chemicals. However, the volume of data is large, challenging the efficient identification and clustering of relevant data. OBJECTIVES: We investigated whether evidence identification for hazard assessment can become more efficient and informed through an automated approach that combines machine reading of publications with network visualization tools. METHODS: We chose 13 chemicals that were evaluated by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Monographs program incorporating the key characteristics of carcinogens (KCCs) approach. Using established literature search terms for KCCs, we retrieved and analyzed literature using Integrated Network and Dynamical Reasoning Assembler (INDRA). INDRA combines large-scale literature processing with pathway databases and extracts relationships between biomolecules, bioprocesses, and chemicals into statements (e.g., 'benzene activates DNA damage'). These statements were subsequently assembled into networks and compared with the KCC evaluation by the IARC, to evaluate the informativeness of our approach. RESULTS: We found, in general, larger networks for those chemicals which the IARC has evaluated the evidence to be strong for KCC induction. Larger networks were not directly linked to publication count, given that we retrieved small networks for several chemicals with little support for KCC activation according to the IARC, despite the significant volume of literature for these specific chemicals. In addition, interpreting networks for genotoxicity and DNA repair showed concordance with the IARC KCC evaluation. DISCUSSION: Our method is an automated approach to condense mechanistic literature into searchable and interpretable networks based on an a priori ontology. The approach is no replacement of expert evaluation but, instead, provides an informed structure for experts to quickly identify which statements are made in which papers and how these could connect. We focused on the KCCs because these are supported by well-described search terms. The method needs to be tested in other frameworks as well to demonstrate its generalizability. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP9112, Introduction Risk assessment of chemicals is commonly based on toxicological or epidemiological studies. Mechanistic studies can be used to complement animal or epidemiological data to inform mechanisms of toxicity, dose-response [...]