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Introdução: Frente à realidade da sociedade e os vestígios causados pela pandemia, diversas estratégias de saúde vêm sendo implantadas como formas de resolutividade. Com base nisso, a realização de exercícios físicos destaca-se como coadjuvante no tratamento e controle da ansiedade e estresse, melhora a imunidade, controla a pressão sanguínea, as funções cardiorrespiratórias e ajuda a manter a sensação de bem-estar pós-pandemia. Objetivo: Apresentar os efeitos do exercício físico no processo de reabilitação pós Covid-19. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, realizada por meio de um levantamento de dados nas bases científicas LILACS, SCIELO e MEDLINE. Resultados e Discussão: Em análise aos estudos selecionados para os resultados, foram destacados os principais desfechos acerca das vantagens e efeitos que as práticas de atividades físicas podem contribuir para a saúde. teoricamente e na prática, é evidente que os bons hábitos de vida proporcionam benefícios para o bem-estar físico, intelectual e emocional. Assim, com o momento pós-pandemia, os exercícios estão cada vez mais indicados para amenizar os efeitos causados pelo coronavírus. Por meio das evidências científicas, pode-se considerar que os exercícios melhoram os níveis de ansiedade e depressão, bem como os transtornos mentais desencadeados pelo isolamento. Isso acontece em virtude do aumento de endorfina e serotonina que por sua vez atuam melhorando a autoimagem, e reduzindo o surgimento de outros transtornos que podem se desenvolver no período pandêmico. Considerações finais: Assim, pode-se evidenciar, através da literatura, os principais efeitos e benefícios da prática de exercícios físicos no processo de reabilitação pós-Covid-19. Nesse quesito, destaca-se a prevenção de agravos, prevenção de comorbidades e complicações das sequelas desencadeadas pelo coronavírus.

Malformações congênitas são alterações presentes desde o nascimento e representam uma preocupação para a saúde pública, sendo importante relacionar fatores maternos e neonatais com a presença de anomalias congênitas. Trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico descritivo transversal, com dados coletados na plataforma do Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde (DATASUS) sobre fatores associados à presença de malformações congênitas. O presente estudo analisou os dados de 2.856.781 gestantes para verificar o desenvolvimento de malformações congênitas, comprovando que a presença de tais anomalias tem relação com algumas variáveis, tais como o tipo de parto, a duração da gestação, a raça, a escolaridade da mãe e o peso do recém-nascido. Portanto, a partir dos dados analisados, verificamos que existe uma predominância de casos de malformações congênitas nos recém-nascidos prematuros, assim como há prevalência de anomalias em neonatos de parto cesáreo. Logo, fica evidente a necessidade de traçar essas variáveis para compreender o perfil materno e infantil. As variáveis apresentadas associam-se à presença de malformações, contudo, certos fatores possuem maior relação. Assim, torna-se importante investigar possíveis causas para essa maior susceptibilidade.

La Agitación psicomotriz es una asociación de síntomas y signos que se presentan en diversos trastornos manifestándose con incremento de la actividad motora que puede generar conducta violenta y de riesgo a la persona, volviéndose en un estado emergente que requiere de intervención médica oportuna, la intensidad varía dependiendo de la situación y del individuo, pudiendo ir desde una simple inquietud hasta una serie de movimientos extremos sin encontrar tranquilidad ni finalidad alguna, derivando situaciones de agresividad, desde la agresividad verbal hasta la física severa con tendencias que pueden llevar a la autodestrucción con comportamiento que derive en el suicido, además de ocasionar la afectación de su entorno incluyendo en muchas ocasiones a terceros.

Introduction: The pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus has been causing major impacts on public health. The main risk factor for the development of comorbidities is a sedentary lifestyle, so, due to the readjustment of habits, the emergence of negative impacts from this process is noticeable, such as the increase in physical inactivity and the acquisition of habits harmful to health. In this way, several recommendations have been released drawing attention to the follow-up of physical activity during the pandemic. Objectives: To identify in the literature, scientific evidence about the predisposing factors for physical inactivity during the Covid-19 pandemic. Methodology: This is an integrative literature review, through a descriptive and exploratory effort, carried out in the scientific databases: MEDLINE, SCIELO, BRISA and LILACS. Results and Discussions: From the realization of the titles and abstracts of the articles, 15 studies were selected and after reading in full, 11 were left to compose the final sample. In view of the analysis of the literature, it was evidenced that the lack of adherence to programs for physical exercises at home, through new technologies, blocked the integral assistance to the citizen in the context of the promotion of physical activity, as well as preexisting factors even before the pandemic, such as diseases non-communicable diseases, chronic degenerative diseases, long periods of physical immobility and social inequalities. Final considerations: The study showed that the difficulties in carrying out the practice exist, although there are paths that can be outlined to reverse this scenario. Therefore, public policies to promote physical activity are suggested, which are more consistent on the part of government agencies. In addition, adherence to technological resources also becomes a relevant alternative, combined with health education actions, so that the population has knowledge about the benefits and correct guidelines on how to carry out the practices.

Se define como Infecciones o enfermedades de transmisión sexual (ITS/ETS) a aquellas que son causadas por microorganismos (bacterias, hongos, virus, parásitos), los cuales se transmiten por el contacto de piel, mucosas o por el intercambio de fluidos durante el acto sexual, produciendo afectación directa en los órganos genitales, sin embargo, también se pueden ver afectadas otras regiones anatómicas como boca, zona anal o perianal, e incluso algunas infecciones se pueden generalizar afectando varios órganos del cuerpo. No obstante, algunas infecciones se pueden adquirir por vías distintas a la sexual como son: las transfusiones sanguíneas y trasplantes de tejidos; especialmente clamidiasis, hepatitis B, gonorrea, (VIH), virus del herpes simple tipo 2 (HSV2), virus del papiloma humano (VPH), sífilis; puede existir también transmisión de la madre al niño ya sea durante el embarazo o el parto.

The IgM and IgT classes were previously identified and characterized in the Antarctic teleost Trematomus bernacchii, a species belonging to the Perciform suborder Notothenoidei. Herein we characterized the gene encoding the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR) in the same species and compared it to pIgR of multiple teleost species belonging to five perciform sub-orders, including 11 Antarctic and one non-Antarctic (Cottoperca gobio) notothenioid species, the latter living in less cold periantarctic sea. Antarctic pIgR genes displayed particularly long in-trons marked by sites of transposable elements and transcription factors. Furthermore, analysis of T. bernacchii pIgR cDNA unveiled multiple amino acid substitutions unique to Antarctic species, all introducing adaptive features, including N-glycosylation sequons. Interestingly, C. gobio shared most features with the other perciforms rather than with the cold adapted relatives. T. bernacchii pIgR transcripts were predominantly expressed in mucosal tissues, as indicated by q-PCR and in situ hybridization analysis. These results suggest that in cold adapted species pIgR preserved its fundamental role in mucosal immune defense, although remarkable gene structure modifications occurred.

The IgM and IgT classes were previously identified and characterized in the Antarctic teleost

The CD3 coreceptor is a master T cell surface marker, and genes encoding CD3ζ, γδ, and e chains have been reported in several teleost fish. Here, a complete cDNA sequence of CD3ɛ chain was identified from a sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.) gill transcriptome. Its basal expression was quantified in both lymphoid and non-lymphoid organs of sea bass juveniles with real-time qPCR analysis. After either in vitro stimulation of head kidney leukocytes with the T-cell mitogen phytohaemagglutinin or in vivo stimulation with an orally administered Vibrio anguillarum vaccine, CD3e expression levels increased in head kidney leukocytes, confirming that CD3e T cells may play important roles in fish systemic protection against pathogens. Further, three peptides were designed on the CD3ɛ cytoplasmic tail region and employed as immunogens for antibody production in rabbit. One antiserum so obtained, named RACD3/1, immunostained a band of the expected size in a western blot of a sea bass thymocyte lysate. The distribution of CD3e+ lymphocyte population in the lymphoid organs and mucosal tissues was addressed in healthy fish by IHC. In decreasing percentage order, CD3e+ lymphocytes were detected by flow cytometry in thymus, peripheral blood leukocytes, gills, head kidney, gut, and spleen. Finally, a significant in vivo enhancement of CD3e+ T intestinal lymphocytes was found in fish fed on diets in which 100% fish meal was replaced by the microalgae Nannochloropsis sp. biomass. These results indicate that CD3e+ T cells are involved in nutritional immune responses.

espanolIntroduccion: El uso de metodos anticonceptivos depende del conocimiento de los mismos, para un uso responsable que permitan una vida sexual saludable. Objetivo: Determinar la relacion del nivel de conocimiento y uso de metodos anticonceptivos en estudiantes Universitarios. Materiales y metodos: Estudio descriptivo correlacional de corte transversal, con poblacion de estudio 477 estudiantes universitarios, se aplico una encuesta, analizada mediante Razon de Prevalencias, OR e IC95% calculado por distribucion binomial, con interaccion entre las variables mediante SPSS V20. Resultados: La edad de los participantes entre 17 y 27 anos, el 54,7% son mujeres, 75,3% residen en Canar y el 60% son sexualmente activos, de los cuales el 92,7% manifesto conocer sobre metodos anticonceptivos, el 39,2% no utiliza ningun metodo como medida de proteccion, el metodo preferido es el preservativo (32,5%). Se demostro que existe 16,1% de estudiantes que manifestaron no asumir su responsabilidad ante un embarazo no deseado y de estos el 61,1% son de sexo femenino, los estudiantes que no utilizan metodos anticonceptivos, son catolicos en un 32% (RP 1,32; IC95% 1,12-2,63) y tienen el 50% (RP 1,50; IC95% 1,07-2,11) mas probabilidades de contraer enfermedades de transmision sexual, los que carecen de conocimientos tienen 2,4 veces (RP 2,41; IC95% 1,90-3,06) mas probabilidad de no usar ningun metodo. Conclusiones: El nivel de conocimiento es alto, pero el uso de anticonceptivos se encuentra por debajo de lo esperado, el ser catolico y no conocer sobre anticonceptivos aumenta el riesgo de no usarlos, incrementando el riesgo de contraer enfermedades de transmision sexual. EnglishIntroduction: The responsible use of contraceptives that allow us to having a healthy sexual life,depends on the knowl-edge that we have of them. Tools and methods: Cross-section correlational descriptive study with a population of 477 college(university) students.A questionnaire was applied and analyzed throughout prevalence ratio,OR e IC95% cal-culated by binomial distribution with interactions between the variables SPSSV20. Results: The age of the participants between 17 and 27 years of age,the 54.7% are women,75.3% reside in Canar and the 60% are sexually active,from which 92.7% affirmed to know about the use of contraceptives,the 39.2% does not use any protective method.The preferred method is the Condon(32.5%).It was demonstrated that 16.1% of the students have manifested not taking any responsibili-ty on an oncoming,not desire,pregnancy.And among these the 61.1% are females.The students that not use contraceptives are Catholics on a 32%(RP 1.32; IC95% 1.12-2.63) and have the 50%(RP 1.50;IC95% 1.07-2.11) more probabilities of catching sexual transmited diseases.Those with lack of knowledge have 2.4 times(RP 2.41;IC95% 1.30-3.06) more proba-bilities of not using any method. Conclusions: The grade of knowledge is high,but the use of contraceptives is way below expectations.Being Catholic and not knowing about contraceptives increases the risk of not using them and so is the risk of catching sexual transmited diseases. portuguesIntroducao: O uso responsavel de anticoncepcionais que nos permitam ter uma vida sexual saudavel, depende do conhecimento que temos deles. Ferramentas e metodos: Estudo descritivo correlacional transversal com uma popu-lacao de 477 universitarios. Foi aplicado um questionario e analisado atraves da razao de prevalencia, OR e IC95% cal-culados por distribuicao binomial com interacoes entre as variaveis SPSSV20. Resultados: Quanto a idade das partici-pantes entre 17 e 27 anos, 54,7% sao mulheres, 75,3% residem em Canar e 60% sao sexualmente ativas, das quais 92,7% afirmaram saber sobre o uso de anticoncepcionais, 39,2% nao utiliza nenhum metodo de protecao. O metodo preferido e o Condon (32,5%). Foi demonstrado que 16,1% das alunas manifestaram nao se responsabilizar por uma gravidez que se aproxima, nao deseja. E destas 61,1% sao do sexo feminino .Os alunos que nao usam anticoncepcionais sao catolicos em 32% (RP 1,32; IC95% 1,12-2,63) e tem 50% (RP 1,50; IC95% 1,07-2,11) a mais de probabilidade de contrair doencas sexualmente transmissiveis. Aqueles com falta de conhecimento tem 2,4 vezes (RP 2,41; IC95% 1,30-3,06) mais probabili-dades de nao usar nenhum metodo. Conclusoes: O grau de conhecimento e alto, mas o uso de anticoncepcionais esta muito aquem do esperado. Ser catolica e nao saber sobre anticoncepcionais aumenta o risco de nao usa-los e tambem o risco de contrair doencas sexualmente transmissiveis.

15 Background: Although we seem to be recovering from COVID-19, we are now facing the long-term consequence of the pandemic on vulnerable subgroup of patients such as patients with early-onset colorectal cancer (EOCRC). We aim to study how the COVID-19 pandemic affected the diagnosis and clinic-pathological characteristics, treatment and outcomes of patients with EOCRC. Methods: This is an observational retrospective study including patients with EOCRC diagnosed between September 2016 and August 2021 at Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain. Two cohorts were stablished: before and after March 14, 2020, the day of the first lockdown in Spain. Results: A total of 1409 patients with CRC were included. Of those, 5,2% were EOCRC (n=75). Fifty-five (73%) and 20 (27%) were diagnosed pre, and post pandemic. The rate of EOCRC diagnosis per month was 1,8 and 1,1 in the pre and postpandemic group, respectively. Fifty percent of patients in the postpandemic group were diagnosed with metastatic disease, while only 29% had stage IV at diagnosis in the prepandemic subgroup (P = 0,09). High tumor budding, surgical margins affected, lymphovascular, and perineural invasion were also pathological features more observed in the postpandemic subgroup, although results are not statistically significant. The differences between both groups are depicted. After a median follow-up of 23 months (33 and 14 months in the pre and postpandemic group, respectively), 11 patients have died (15%). Median overall survival (OS) was not reached in either group. At 12 months, 94% and 89% of patients were alive in the pre and postpandemic group, respectively. Conclusions: COVID-19 has influenced the diagnosis and staging of patients with EOCRC. Long-term follow-up is needed to assess the survival in this population. The role of primary care in the diagnosis and early referral of these patients is, more than ever, crucial. [Table: see text]

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an aggressive disease with an overall 5-year survival rate of just 5%. A better understanding of the carcinogenesis processes and the mechanisms of the progression of PDAC is mandatory. Fifty-two PDAC patients treated with surgery and adjuvant therapy, with available primary tumors, normal tissue, preneoplastic lesions (PanIN), and/or lymph node metastases, were selected for the study. Proteins were extracted from small punches and analyzed by LC-MS/MS using data-independent acquisition. Proteomics data were analyzed using probabilistic graphical models, allowing functional characterization. Comparisons between groups were made using linear mixed models. Three proteomic tumor subtypes were defined. T1 (32% of patients) was related to adhesion, T2 (34%) had metabolic features, and T3 (34%) presented high splicing and nucleoplasm activity. These proteomics subtypes were validated in the PDAC TCGA cohort. Relevant biological processes related to carcinogenesis and tumor progression were studied in each subtype. Carcinogenesis in the T1 subtype seems to be related to an increase of adhesion and complement activation node activity, whereas tumor progression seems to be related to nucleoplasm and translation nodes. Regarding the T2 subtype, it seems that metabolism and, especially, mitochondria act as the motor of cancer development. T3 analyses point out that nucleoplasm, mitochondria and metabolism, and extracellular matrix nodes could be involved in T3 tumor carcinogenesis. The identified processes were different among proteomics subtypes, suggesting that the molecular motor of the disease is different in each subtype. These differences can have implications for the development of future tailored therapeutic approaches for each PDAC proteomics subtype., Cancers, 14 (10), ISSN:2072-6694

ImportanceContact tracing is a core strategy for preventing the spread of many infectious diseases of public health concern. Better understanding of the outcomes of contact tracing for COVID-19 as well as the operational opportunities and challenges in establishing a program for a jurisdiction as large as New York City (NYC) is important for the evaluation of this strategy.ObjectiveTo describe the establishment, scaling, and maintenance of Trace, NYC’s contact tracing program, and share data on outcomes during its first 17 months.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional study included people with laboratory test–confirmed and probable COVID-19 and their contacts in NYC between June 1, 2020, and October 31, 2021. Trace launched on June 1, 2020, and had a workforce of 4147 contact tracers, with the majority of the workforce performing their jobs completely remotely. Data were analyzed in March 2022.Main Outcomes and MeasuresNumber and proportion of persons with COVID-19 and contacts on whom investigations were attempted and completed; timeliness of interviews relative to symptom onset or exposure for symptomatic cases and contacts, respectively.ResultsCase investigations were attempted for 941 035 persons. Of those, 840 922 (89.4%) were reached and 711 353 (75.6%) completed an intake interview (women and girls, 358 775 [50.4%]; 60 178 [8.5%] Asian, 110 636 [15.6%] Black, 210 489 [28.3%] Hispanic or Latino, 157 349 [22.1%] White). Interviews were attempted for 1 218 650 contacts. Of those, 904 927 (74.3%) were reached, and 590 333 (48.4%) completed intake (women and girls, 219 261 [37.2%]; 47 403 [8.0%] Asian, 98 916 [16.8%] Black, 177 600 [30.1%] Hispanic or Latino, 116 559 [19.7%] White). Completion rates were consistent over time and resistant to changes related to vaccination as well as isolation and quarantine guidance. Among symptomatic cases, median time from symptom onset to intake completion was 4.7 days; a median 1.4 contacts were identified per case. Median time from contacts’ last date of exposure to intake completion was 2.3 days. Among contacts, 30.1% were tested within 14 days of notification. Among cases, 27.8% were known to Trace as contacts. The overall expense for Trace from May 6, 2020, through October 31, 2021, was approximately $600 million.Conclusions and RelevanceDespite the complexity of developing a contact tracing program in a diverse city with a population of over 8 million people, in this case study we were able to identify 1.4 contacts per case and offer resources to safely isolate and quarantine to over 1 million cases and contacts in this study period.

This study is an observational secondary analysis of the Lifestyle Intervention for Two (LIFT) randomised controlled trial data. There is a paucity of data related to mechanisms of health effects and dietary intake of ultra-processed foods (UPF). Earlier studies demonstrate associations between greater UPF intake and weight gain. The purpose of the study was to describe associations among maternal UPF intake with gestational weight gain (GWG) and neonatal body composition.Women with overweight or obesity (n=156) and offspring (n=126) with complete energy intake, anthropometrics and body composition measures were selected. Maternal weights and diet recalls (Automated Self-Administered 24) were measured at weeks 14 and 35 gestational age (GA). Body composition was assessed by infant quantitative magnetic resonance (infant-QMR) and air displacement plethysmography (ADP) at birth. Dependent variables were GWG and neonatal fat mass, fat-free mass, and lean mass at birth; covariates were dietary, socioeconomic and biological. Stepwise linear regressions were used to test associations.Highest quartile of percentage of energy intake from UPF (PEI-UPF) was not significantly correlated with maternal GWG (p=0.215), infant QMR fat (p=0.816) and lean mass (p=0.423) or ADP fat (p=0.482) or fat-free mass (p=0.835).While no significant associations with UPF were observed in this smaller size cohort, further investigations would be justified in larger cohorts on the relationships of maternal UPF intake and GWG and offspring outcomes. Clinical Trial NCT01616147.

Contexto: La contribución en el mantenimiento de la salud desde la atención primaria permite disminuir la aparición temprana de enfermedades prevenibles, como las relacionadas con malos hábitos de alimentación y de actividad física que se han incrementado en la población, convirtiéndose en un problema de salud pública en la actualidad. Objetivo: Brindar información y conocimientos sobre la alimentación enfocada al ciclo vital de cada individuo según su desarrollo, para apoyar a los servidores de atención primaria con algunos lineamientos alimentarios. Procedimiento: Mediante la exploración de bases de datos en buscadores médicos se evalúan y seleccionan artículos con evidencia científica en cuanto a las guías anticipatorias alimentarias en todos los ciclos de la vida del individuo. Resultados: La implementación de alimentos adecuados desde el inicio de la vida de un ser humano al igual que la modificación de hábitos durante el desarrollo, reducen notablemente la aparición de enfermedades relacionadas con malnutrición, teniendo un mayor impacto en la disminución de obesidad y desnutrición en las etapas más vulnerables de la vida que son los niños, además se ha evidenciado efectos positivos de la alimentación saludable en adultos jóvenes y mayores con la disminución de aparición de enfermedades cardiovasculares y metabólicas. Conclusiones: La alimentación saludable es fuente de vida en cualquier etapa del desarrollo de un individuo, así, desde edades tempranas se pueden ir adquiriendo y modificando dichos hábitos, mientras que en la adultez generalmente ya tenemos patrones alimentarios establecidos, pero podemos lograr cambios positivos para mejorar hábitos de alimentación saludable y disminuir la mobimortalidad.

Childhood liver cancers hepatoblastoma (HB) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are rare diseases but with a rising incidence. HEMNOS (Hepatocellular malignant neoplasm, not otherwise specified) is a recent entity with histopathological features of HB and HCC. Current chemotherapy treatments are effective to shrink tumor before surgery, nonetheless can cause severe lifelong adverse effects and are not effective for patients with aggressive and metastatic HB or HCC (~20% die due to the disease). The HB and HCC diagnosis is key to assign therapeutic regimens in the ongoing Pediatric Hepatic International Tumor Trial (PHITT); however, differential diagnosis for some patients is challenging due to the lack of specific biomarkers. Nowadays, there is an urgent need to identify diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers to improve the clinical management of childhood liver cancer. Herein, we aimed to uncover the proteomic profiles of different types of childhood liver cancer and identify new biomarkers for improving tumor diagnosis and early detection of the most aggressive cases. For this, 99 frozen tissue samples from 71 patients (mean age: 54.5 months, 60.6% boys, 40.9% metastasis, 23.7% deaths) including 70 primary tumors (57 HB, 8 HCC and 5 HEM-NOS), 22 non-tumors and 7 metastases were analyzed by label free mass spectrometry analysis. A total of 5,417 proteins were sequenced in the different samples. Through supervised analysis, we identified a total of 1302 differential expressed proteins in tumors as compared to non-tumor livers (FC +2 and FDR 2) was defined for HB, HCC and HEM-NOS, respectively. Hierarchical unsupervised clustering and principal component analysis showed two main cluster of tumors: one including HB and HEM-NOS and another one with a mixture of HB, HEM-NOS and HCC. Interestingly, this second cluster was associated with clinical and molecular features of aggressive tumors such as multifocality (p = 0.029), Epigenetic Epi-CB subclass (p = 0.006), high-risk Molecular Risk Stratification (p = 0.009) and poor survival (log rank test=0.012). A total of 2082 proteins were found to be differently expressed between the two prognostic clusters (FC +2 and FDR < 0.01); the GEO enrichment analysis revealed that these proteins were significantly enriched in post-transcriptional gene silencing and RNA splicing mechanisms (FDR 6 and FDR < 10−14). In conclusion, we identified a list of potential diagnostic and prognostic protein biomarkers that after a validation in large patient cohort, could be used to improve the clinical management of childhood liver cancer. Citation Format: Álvaro Del Río-Álvarez, Juan Carrillo-Reixach, Laura Royo, Montse Domingo-Sàbat, Mikel Azkargorta, Roland Kapler, Stefano Cairo, Christian Vokuhl, Ronald de Krijger, Rita Alaggio, Marta Garrido, Gabriela Guillen, Constantino Sábado, Laura Guerra, Francisco Hernandez, Maria Elena Mateos, Manuel López-Satamaría, Barbara Torres, Maria Pilar Abad, Bajčiová Viera, Piotr Czauderna, Marie Annick Buendia, Felix Elortza, Keith Wheatley, Bruce Morland, Carolina Armengol. Proteomic profiling of childhood liver cancer: identification of novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Advances in the Pathogenesis and Molecular Therapies of Liver Cancer; 2022 May 5-8; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2022;28(17_Suppl):Abstract nr PO011.

Background: The main pediatric liver tumors are hepatoblastoma (HB) and, to a lesser extent, pediatric hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). HB appears at an early age (8 years) or adolescents and it is usually associated to underlying metabolic diseases. HEM-NOS (Hepatocellular malignant neoplasm, not otherwise specified) is a recent entity with histopathological features of HB and HCC. Due to the rarity of the disease ( Citation Format: Juan Carrillo-Reixach, Álvaro del Río-Álvarez, Laura Royo, Montserrat Domingo-Sàbat, Rita Alaggio, Ronald de Krijger, Christian Vokuhl, Marta Garrido, Laura Guerra, Constantino Sábado, Francisco Hernández, Manuel López-Santamaría, Viera Bajčiová, Rudolf Maibach, Margaret Childs, Piotr Czauderna, Keith Wheatley, Roland Kappler, Stefano Cairo, Bruce Morland, Margarita Sala, Maria Rosa Sarrias, Carolina Armengol. Molecular characterization of pediatric hepatocellular carcinoma: genomic, methylomic and transcriptomic analysis [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Advances in the Pathogenesis and Molecular Therapies of Liver Cancer; 2022 May 5-8; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2022;28(17_Suppl):Abstract nr PO010.

Optimizing processes is essential to reduce costs, improve product quality and ensure the sustainability of organizations. This research proposes a support system to automate the assignment of the teaching load of an educational unit, maximizing teacher satisfaction with the assigned subjects, reducing administrative times and increasing the process transparency. [1] [2] guidelines were followed, applying the integer linear programming model, using Excel and R programs to solve the mathematical problem. The findings show that 84% of teachers will have maximum satisfaction in assigned subjects, and the rest reach 80% satisfaction. Additionally, 92% of the subjects were designated to teachers with maximum experience, knowledge and preference for them, for the remaining 8% the satisfaction range was between 80-93%, which will benefit the teaching act.

In jawed vertebrates, adaptive immune responses are enabled by T cells. Two lineages were characterized based on their T cell receptor (TcR) heterodimers, namely αβ or γδ peptide chains, which display an Ig domain-type sequence that is somatically rearranged. γδ T cells have been less extensively characterized than αβ and teleost fish, in particular, suffer from a severe scarcity of data. In this paper, we worked on the well-known model, the European sea bassDicentrarchus labrax,to broaden the understanding of teleost γδ-T cells. The T cell receptor chain (TR) γ transcript was expressed at a later developmental stage than TRβ, suggesting a layered appearance of fish immune cells, and the thymus displayed statistically-significant higher mRNA levels than any other organ or lymphoid tissue investigated. The polyclonal antibody developed against the TRγ allowed the localization of TRγ-expressing cells in lymphoid organs along the ontogeny. Cell positivity was investigated through flow cytometry and the highest percentage was found in peripheral blood leukocytes, followed by thymus, gut, gills, spleen and head kidney. Numerous TRγ-expressing cells were localized in the gut mucosa, and the immunogold labelling revealed ultrastructural features that are typical of T cells. At last, microalgae-based diet formulations significantly modulated the abundance of TRγ+cells in the posterior intestine, hinting at a putative involvement in nutritional immunity. From a comparative immunological perspective, our results contribute to the comprehension of the diversity and functionalities of γδ T cells during the development of a commercially relevant marine teleost model.

Hirschsprung disease is the most common neurocristopathy in children, resulting in the congenital loss of enteric ganglia. Rare reports of skip lesions have previously been reported in the literature. We present a case of skip lesions known prior to surgery and managed by pull-through of the right colon that allowed the preservation of the colon.

Background: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neuromuscular disease mainly caused by genetic disorders. This progressive disorder involves the degeneration of motor neurons at various levels. Drugs have been studied, and they show improvement in survival and reduced progression of the disease, they are riluzole and edaravone. Objectives: Investigate emerging therapies for the treatment of ALS. Methods: The Pubmed database was used to conduct the research, and the keywords were “Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis”, “Emerging”, “Therapies”,”Drugs”, all present in Mesh. Articles from 2016 to 2021 were used. And the survey was conducted on May 2, 2021. Results: Only two drugs have been approved yet by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of ALS, riluzole and edaravone, and each one offers modest benefits in mortality and/or function. On the other hand, 88 studies of clinical intervention trials are active using different drugs. Current therapies under development include oral tyrosine kinase inhibitors (masitinib, trametinib); the antisense oligonucleotide (tofersen); the human monoclonal antibody inhibitor (ravulizumab); and mesenchymal stem cells (MSC); among others (RT001, Enoxacin, Engensis, ANX005, Deferiprone). Conclusions: Due to gaps in the knowledge of the specific pathophysiology of ALS, the definitive treatment is still a mystery. The drugs currently in use, riluzole and edaravone, are the most promising in terms of delaying the progression of the disease.

This article belongs to the Special Issue Stemness and Differentiation in Cancer., Colon and rectal tumors, often referred to as colorectal cancer, show different gene expression patterns in studies that analyze whole tissue biopsies containing a mix of tumor and non-tumor cells. To better characterize colon and rectal tumors, we investigated the gene expression profile of organoids generated from endoscopic biopsies of rectal tumors and adjacent normal colon and rectum mucosa from therapy-naive rectal cancer patients. We also studied the effect of vitamin D on these organoid types. Gene profiling was performed by RNA-sequencing. Organoids from a normal colon and rectum had a shared gene expression profile that profoundly differed from that of rectal tumor organoids. We identified a group of genes of the biosynthetic machinery as rectal tumor organoid-specific, including those encoding the RNA polymerase II subunits POLR2H and POLR2J. The active vitamin D metabolite 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3/calcitriol upregulated stemness-related genes (LGR5, LRIG1, SMOC2, and MSI1) in normal rectum organoids, while it downregulated differentiation marker genes (TFF2 and MUC2). Normal colon and rectum organoids share similar gene expression patterns and respond similarly to calcitriol. Rectal tumor organoids display distinct and heterogeneous gene expression profiles, with differences with respect to those of colon tumor organoids, and respond differently to calcitriol than normal rectum organoids., This research was founded by Agencia Estatal de Investigación (PID2019-104867RB-I00/AEI/10.13039/501100011033), Agencia Estatal de Investigación-Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (SAF2016-76377-R, MINECO/AEI/FEDER, UE), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (SAF2017-90604-REDT), Instituto de Salud Carlos III—Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (CIBERONC, CB16/12/00273; CIBERES, CB15/00037), and Mutua Madrileña.

The CD3 coreceptor is a master T cell surface marker, and genes encoding CD3ζ, γδ, and ε chains have been reported in several teleost fish. Here, a complete cDNA sequence of CD3ɛ chain was identified from a sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.) gill transcriptome. Its basal expression was quantified in both lymphoid and non-lymphoid organs of sea bass juveniles with real-time qPCR analysis. After either in vitro stimulation of head kidney leukocytes with the T-cell mitogen phytohaemagglutinin or in vivo stimulation with an orally administered Vibrio anguillarum vaccine, CD3ε expression levels increased in head kidney leukocytes, confirming that CD3ε T cells may play important roles in fish systemic protection against pathogens. Further, three peptides were designed on the CD3ɛ cytoplasmic tail region and employed as immunogens for antibody production in rabbit. One antiserum so obtained, named RACD3/1, immunostained a band of the expected size in a western blot of a sea bass thymocyte lysate. The distribution of CD3ε

Cigarette smoking is associated with increased risk for all histologic types of lung cancer, but why the strength of this association is stronger for squamous cell carcinoma than adenocarcinoma of the lung (SQC-L, ADC-L) is not fully understood. Because nicotine and tobacco-specific nitrosamines contribute to carcinogenesis by activating nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) on lung tumors and epithelial cells, we investigated whether differential expression of nAChR subtypes in these tumors could explain their different association with smoking. Expression of nAChR subunit genes in paired tumor and non-tumor lung specimens from 40 SQC-L and 38 ADC-L patients was analyzed by quantitative PCR. Compared to normal lung, both tumors share: i) transcriptional dysregulation of CHRNA3/CHRNA5/CHRNB4 (α3, α5, β4 subunits) at the chromosomal locus that predisposes to lung cancer; and ii) decreased expression of CHRFAM7A (dupα7 subunit); this last subunit negatively modulates α7-nAChR activity in oocytes. In contrast, CHRNA7 (α7 subunit) expression was increased in SQC-L, particularly in smokers and non-survivors, while CHRNA4 (α4 subunit) expression was decreased in ADC-L. Thus, over-representation of cancer-stimulating α7-nAChR in SQC-L, also potentiated by smoking, and underrepresentation of cancer-inhibiting α4β2-nAChR in ADC-L could explain the different tobacco influences on the tumorigenic process in each cancer type, This study was supported by grants to C. Montiel and F. Arnalich from the Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness, Government of Spain (SAF2014-56623-R) and Foundation “Mutua Madrileña Investigación Biomédica” (FMM2011), Spain. A.B. is recipient of a fellowship (Beca FPI, Universidad Autónoma Madrid). J.L.C. and C.M.S. are recipients of fellowships (Beca FPU from Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte and Beca FPI from Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness, Government of Spain, respectively)