7 results on '"Laura B. Buckman"'
Search Results
2. The contribution of hypothalamic macroglia to the regulation of energy homeostasis
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Laura B Buckman and Kate LJ Ellacott
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Fasting ,Hypothalamus ,Inflammation ,Obesity ,astrocyte ,high-fat diet ,Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,RC321-571 - Abstract
The hypothalamus is critical for the regulation of energy homeostasis. Genetic and pharmacologic studies have identified a number of key hypothalamic neuronal circuits that integrate signals controlling food intake and energy expenditure. Recently studies have begun to emerge demonstrating a role for non-neuronal cell types in the regulation of energy homeostasis. In particular the potential importance of different glial cell types is increasingly being recognized. A number of studies have described changes in the activity of hypothalamic macroglia (principally astrocytes and tanycytes) in response to states of positive and negative energy balance, such as obesity and fasting. This article will review these studies and discuss how these findings are changing our understanding of the cellular mechanisms by which energy homeostasis is regulated.
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- 2014
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3. Systemic multilineage engraftment in mice after in utero transplantation with human hematopoietic stem cells
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Emily M. Kreger, Tippi C. MacKenzie, Christopher C. Baker, Laura B. Buckman, Russell G. Witt, Perry Tsai, Patriss W. Moradi, Phong T. Ho, Nathaniel J. Schramm, J. Victor Garcia, S. Christopher Derderian, and Rachel A. Cleary
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0301 basic medicine ,Cord ,Transplantation, Heterologous ,CD34 ,Mice, SCID ,Chimerism ,In utero transplantation ,Antibodies ,03 medical and health sciences ,Mice ,Medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Cell Lineage ,Fetus ,business.industry ,Graft Survival ,Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ,Cell Differentiation ,Hematology ,Fetal Blood ,Stimulus Report ,Receptor antibody ,Haematopoiesis ,Fetal Diseases ,Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit ,030104 developmental biology ,In utero ,Models, Animal ,Cancer research ,Stem cell ,business - Abstract
In utero hematopoietic cell transplantation (IUHCT) is a potential therapy for the treatment of numerous genetic diseases such as hemoglobinopathies, immunodeficiencies, and inborn errors of metabolism.1 In utero therapy offers the benefit of avoiding host myeloablation and immunosuppression and has been shown to be successful in multiple animal models, including mice,2-5 dogs,6,7 pigs,8,9 and sheep.10-12 The timing of IUHCT exposes the transplanted human cells to the normal fetal migratory and developmental cues that facilitate proper stem cell distribution and differentiation.11,12 Clinically, IUHCT has been successful for fetuses with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID),13,14 but therapeutic uses for other diseases, including hemoglobinopathies, have seen limited success.15 Further investigations identified multiple barriers to successful engraftment, including lack of space within the hematopoietic niche16,17 and the maternal immune system.2,18 Among available animal models of IUHCT, the fetal mouse remains an efficient and reproducible model to study the differentiation of stem cells in a nonirradiated host. NSG (NOD-SCID IL2Rg-null) mice, which are developed with SCID and IL-2Rg-null chain mutations, are a robust platform for the engraftment of human hematopoietic cells because they have no endogenous T, B, or natural killer cells.19-22 In this study, we used IUHCT of human CD341 cells in NSG mice to create a reproducible mouse model to study stem cell engraftment, differentiation, and systemic repopulation after IUHCT.
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- 2018
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4. Evidence for a novel functional role of astrocytes in the acute homeostatic response to high-fat diet intake in mice
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Misty M. Thompson, Laura B. Buckman, Timothy S. Blackwell, Rachel N. Lippert, Fiona E. Yull, and Kate L. J. Ellacott
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HFD, high-fat diet ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Rodent ,Period (gene) ,Central nervous system ,Hypothalamus ,Biology ,Brief Communication ,CNS, central nervous system ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Food intake ,Glia ,Internal medicine ,biology.animal ,medicine ,Molecular Biology ,030304 developmental biology ,2. Zero hunger ,0303 health sciences ,MBH, medial basal hypothalamus ,Glial fibrillary acidic protein ,digestive, oral, and skin physiology ,High fat diet ,Cell Biology ,GFAP, glial-fibrillary acidic protein ,High-fat diet ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Endocrinology ,NFκB, nuclear factor kappa B ,biology.protein ,Nuclear factor-kappaB ,Astrocyte ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Homeostasis - Abstract
Objective Introduction of a high-fat diet to mice results in a period of voracious feeding, known as hyperphagia, before homeostatic mechanisms prevail to restore energy intake to an isocaloric level. Acute high-fat diet hyperphagia induces astrocyte activation in the rodent hypothalamus, suggesting a potential role of these cells in the homeostatic response to the diet. The objective of this study was to determine physiologic role of astrocytes in the acute homeostatic response to high-fat feeding. Methods We bred a transgenic mouse model with doxycycline-inducible inhibition of NFkappaB (NFκB) signaling in astrocytes to determine the effect of loss of NFκB-mediated astrocyte activation on acute high-fat hyperphagia. ELISA was used to measure the levels of markers of astrocyte activation, glial-fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and S100B, in the medial basal hypothalamus. Results Inhibition of NFκB signaling in astrocytes prevented acute high-fat diet-induced astrocyte activation and resulted in a 15% increase in caloric intake (P
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- 2015
5. Regulation of S100B in white adipose tissue by obesity in mice
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Laura B. Buckman, Alyssa H. Hasty, Emily K. Anderson-Baucum, and Kate L. J. Ellacott
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Histology ,FGF21 ,Adipose tissue macrophages ,S100B Gene ,receptor for advanced glycation end-products ,Adipose tissue ,Inflammation ,White adipose tissue ,adipocyte ,S100B ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Calcium-binding protein ,Internal medicine ,Adipocyte ,medicine ,adipose ,adiposity ,business.industry ,Brief Report ,nutritional and metabolic diseases ,Cell Biology ,Endocrinology ,chemistry ,weight loss ,medicine.symptom ,business ,hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists - Abstract
S100B is a calcium binding protein found in adipose tissue; however, relatively little is known about the physiologic regulation or distribution of the protein within this organ. We examined plasma S100B concentration and white adipose tissue (WAT) s100b mRNA levels in lean and diet-induced obese (DIO) mice. Plasma S100B levels were increased by obesity. In WAT, s100b gene expression was also significantly increased by obesity and this increase was reversed following weight-loss. s100b gene expression was detected in both the adipocyte-enriched and stromal-vascular fractions of WAT; however, the increase in s100b gene expression in obese animals was only detected in the adipocyte-enriched fraction. Our results support published in vitro data indicating that WAT S100B may contribute to obesity-associated inflammation.
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- 2014
6. Obesity induced by a high-fat diet is associated with increased immune cell entry into the central nervous system
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Laura B. Buckman, David K. Flaherty, Christopher T. Buckman, Misty M. Thompson, Alyssa H. Hasty, Kevin P. Weller, Kate L. J. Ellacott, and Brittany K. Matlock
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Male ,Neuroimmunomodulation ,Immunology ,Central nervous system ,Adipose tissue ,Inflammation ,Diet, High-Fat ,Monocytes ,Article ,Mice ,Behavioral Neuroscience ,Immune system ,medicine ,Animals ,Obesity ,Neuroinflammation ,biology ,Microglia ,Endocrine and Autonomic Systems ,Macrophages ,Brain ,Mice, Inbred C57BL ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Integrin alpha M ,biology.protein ,Bone marrow ,medicine.symptom - Abstract
Obesity is associated with chronic low-grade inflammation in peripheral tissues caused, in part, by the recruitment of inflammatory monocytes into adipose tissue. Studies in rodent models have also shown increased inflammation in the central nervous system (CNS) during obesity. The goal of this study was to determine whether obesity is associated with recruitment of peripheral immune cells into the CNS. To do this we used a bone marrow chimerism model to track the entry of green-fluorescent protein (GFP) labeled peripheral immune cells into the CNS. Flow cytometry was used to quantify the number of GFP(+) immune cells recruited into the CNS of mice fed a high-fat diet compared to standard chow fed controls. High-fat feeding resulted in obesity associated with a 30% increase in the number of GFP(+) cells in the CNS compared to control mice. Greater than 80% of the GFP(+) cells recruited to the CNS were also CD45(+) CD11b(+) indicating that the GFP(+) cells displayed characteristics of microglia/macrophages. Immunohistochemistry further confirmed the increase in GFP(+) cells in the CNS of the high-fat fed group and also indicated that 93% of the recruited cells were found in the parenchyma and had a stellate morphology. These findings indicate that peripheral immune cells can be recruited to the CNS in obesity and may contribute to the inflammatory response.
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- 2014
7. Regional Astrogliosis in the Mouse Hypothalamus in Response to Obesity
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Laura B. Buckman, Misty M. Thompson, Heidi N. Moreno, and Kate L. J. Ellacott
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Lateral hypothalamus ,Central nervous system ,Hypothalamus ,Biology ,Article ,Mice ,Internal medicine ,Genetic model ,medicine ,Animals ,Gliosis ,Obesity ,Neuroinflammation ,Mice, Knockout ,General Neuroscience ,medicine.disease ,Astrogliosis ,Mice, Inbred C57BL ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Endocrinology ,Astrocytes ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,Astrocyte - Abstract
Obesity is associated with chronic low-grade inflammation in peripheral tissues, which contributes to the development of comorbidities such as insulin resistance and cardiovascular disease. While less extensively characterized, obesity also promotes inflammation in the central nervous system (CNS) and the consequences of this inflammation for CNS function are only beginning to be examined. In response to CNS insults such as inflammation, astrocytes undergo a process of hypertrophy and hyperplasia known as reactive astrogliosis. We used immunohistochemistry to examine the differential distribution of the astrocyte marker glial-fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in the brains of diet-induced or genetically obese mice compared with their respective lean controls to determine whether different nuclei of the hypothalamus showed comparable astrogliosis in response to obesity. The areas that showed the highest differential GFAP immunoreactivity between lean and obese animals include the medial preoptic, paraventricular, and dorsomedial nuclei. Comparatively, little astrogliosis was seen in the ventromedial nucleus, lateral hypothalamus, or anterior hypothalamic area. In obese animals high levels of GFAP immunoreactivity were often associated with the microvasculature. There were no differences in the differential distribution of GFAP staining between obese animals and their lean controls in the diet-induced compared with the genetic model of obesity. The exact cause(s) of the astrogliosis in obesity is not known. The finding that obesity causes a distinct pattern of elevated GFAP immunoreactivity associated with microvessels suggests that the astrogliosis may be occurring as a response to changes at the blood–brain barrier and/or in the peripheral circulation.
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- 2013
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