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En las últimas décadas han sido muchas las conquistas en materia de igualdad de derechos y oportunidades de las mujeres y las personas LGTBIQ+. Sin embargo, son numerosas las situaciones de discriminación, exclusión e incluso violencia que padecen las personas con diversidades sexuales y de género (Damanpak-Rizi et al., 2021; Sánchez Sibony et al., 2018). La escuela no es ajena a esta situación, siendo un contexto indispensable para revertir estas manifestaciones. La formación y voluntad del profesorado se tornan fundamentales para el cumplimiento de las directrices y recomendaciones nacionales e internacionales en materia de igualdad, inclusión y educación sexual integral. Por ello, el presente estudio centra su atención en los conocimientos autopercibidos en materia de igualdad, diversidad sexual, coeducación y educación sexual del profesorado en ejercicio de la comunidad autónoma de Castilla y León. Los resultados obtenidos revelan un desconocimiento generalizado en materia de diversidad sexogenérica y derechos sexuales. Se evidencia también una alta autoperpeción de conocimientos sobre igualdad de género y feminismo. Todo ello avala la necesidad real de mejorar la formación inicial y permanente del profesorado, ahondado tanto en epistemologías feministas y queer, como en aspectos prácticos y didácticos que permitan mejorar la acción docente.

ABSTRACT Aim To validate the Nurses' Global Assessment of Suicide Risk (NGASR) in Spanish for an early detection identification of the risk of suicide. Design A descriptive cross‐sectional survey design was used for this work through face‐to‐face clinical interviews with each participant. Method Following EQUATOR TRIPOD checklist, the index was translated and administered to a sample of 30 mental health experts and 151 university students. To examine the psychometric properties of the NGASR, the questionnaires also included other standardised scales such as BDI, SBQ and SEEQ. The research was conducted between 2022 and 2023. Results The content validity index‐scale (CVI‐S) was 81% and the NGASR presented high reliability with a Kuder–Richardson coefficient of 0.83. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) returned a six‐factor structure for the NGASR items. The results showed that 21.7% of the students assessed had an intermediate to very high suicide risk. This study also revealed that people with mental health problems and depression had a higher risk of suicide. Public Contribution Beyond the sociolinguistic Spanish validation of the scale, it should be noted that it is carried out on a young population in a nonclinical environment, something that many authors have been requesting in their previous validations. The NGASR is a useful prevention tool in university educational settings.

Introducción: El síndrome de Rett es una enfermedad genética que se relaciona con trastornos neurológicos y del desarrollo causados típicamente por mutaciones en el gen MECP2. Afecta principalmente al sexo femenino y puede conducir a graves anomalías físicas y mentales. Objetivo: Conocer las necesidades educativas de una alumna con Síndrome de Rett escolarizada en un centro ordinario, desde una edad temprana y teniendo en cuenta la perspectiva de su familia. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio de caso intrínseco, una niña de 9 años que fue diagnosticada con 5 años con síndrome de Rett y se encuentra en fase 3 (periodo pseudo-estacionario). Se utilizaron como instrumentos de recogida de datos los informes escolares y médicos de la niña, observaciones sistemáticas y el testimonio de la madre. Resultados: Los resultados muestran la repercusión de la enfermedad desde el punto de vista educativo, las necesidades educativas, asistenciales y sociales y las principales ventajas y dificultades de la educación inclusiva. Los hallazgos revelan preocupaciones sobre la falta de coordinación entre los sistemas sanitario y educativo, así como la contradicción en la información proporcionada, generando confusión en cuanto a las mejores prácticas para el desarrollo integral de las personas afectadas y las diferencias entre la Atención Temprana y la atención posterior que es escasa. Conclusión: Estos hallazgos subrayan la importancia de abordar de manera integral la educación de individuos con síndrome de Rett, reconociendo tanto sus necesidades específicas como las oportunidades y dificultades asociadas a la inclusión educativa. La atención a las necesidades debe ser interdisciplinar, continua y de larga duración.

ObjectivesTo describe mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) in the treatment of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) complications and to assess its safety and efficacy.MethodsSingle-center retrospective study (2016–2023). Patients under 20 years who received MSCs for the treatment of HSCT-related complications were included.ResultsThirty patients (53.7% boys), median age at transplant 11 years (range 2–19) were included. MSCs indications were: graft-vs.-host disease (GVHD) in 18 patients (60%), of them 13 had acute GVHD (43.3%) and 5 chronic GVHD (16.7%); Grade 3–4 hemorrhagic cystitis (HC) in 4 (13.3%); poor graft function (PGF) in 6 (20%), 5 of them receiving MSCs with a CD34 stem cell-boost coinfusion; graft failure (GF) in 2 (6.7%), to enhance engraftment after a subsequent HSCT. Infusion-related-adverse-events were not reported. Overall response (OR) was 83% (25/30); 44% of responders (11/25) showed complete response (CR). OR for GVHD, HC, PGF and GF was 83.3%, 100%, 66.7% and 100% respectively. Response rate was 40% (95% CI: 20–55) and 79% (95% CI: 57–89) at 15 and 30 days. With a median follow-up of 21 months (IQR11–52.5), overall survival (OS) was 86% (95% CI: 74–100) and 79% (95% CI: 65–95) at 6 and 12 months post-MSCs infusion.ConclusionIn our study, the most frequent indication of MSCs was refractory aGVHD (43.3%). Response rates were high (OR 83%) and safety profile was good.

Abstract Background Colon cancer (CC) is a heterogeneous disease that is categorized into four Consensus Molecular Subtypes (CMS) according to gene expression. Patients with loco-regional CC (stages II/III) lack prognostic factors, making it essential to analyze new molecular markers that can delineate more aggressive tumors. Aberrant methylation of genes that are essential in crucial mechanisms such as epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) contributes to tumor progression in CC. We evaluate the presence of hyper- and hypomethylation in subrogate IHC markers used for CMS classification (CDX2, FRMD6, HTR2B, ZEB1) of 144 stage II/III patients and CC cell lines by pyrosequencing. ZEB1 expression was also studied in control and shRNA-silenced CC cell lines and in paired normal tissue/tumors by quantitative PCR. The pattern of ZEB1 staining was also analyzed in methylated/unmethylated tumors by immunohistochemistry. Results We describe for the first time the hypermethylation of ZEB1 gene and the hypomethylation of the FRMD6 gene in 32.6% and 50.9% of tumors, respectively. Additionally, we confirm the ZEB1 re-expression by epigenetic drugs in methylated cell lines. ZEB1 hypermethylation was more frequent in CMS1 patients and, more importantly, was a good prognostic factor related to disease-free survival (p = 0.015) and overall survival (p = 0.006) in our patient series, independently of other significant clinical parameters such as patient age, stage, lymph node involvement, and blood vessel and perineural invasion. Conclusions Aberrant methylation is present in the subrogate genes used for CMS classification. Our results are the first evidence that ZEB1 is hypermethylated in CC and that this alteration is an independent factor of good prognosis.

Background: Antibiotic resistance is a worldwide concern. This study retrospectively analyzed patients admitted to the ICU of a tertiary hospital over a period of 7 months who were rectally colonized by multidrug-resistant microorganisms. The incidence of concomitant nosocomial infections was estimated, thus providing the risk of a colonizing microorganism producing a nosocomial infection. Methods: Infections with the same microorganism (concomitant) or different microorganisms (non-concomitant) were analyzed in order to adjust the empirical antibiotic treatment. Patients with rectal colonization by at least one multidrug-resistant bacterium (MDRB) on admission or after ICU admission were included. All patients had complete selective digestive decontamination (SDD) prophylaxis. For univariate analysis, categorical variables are expressed as frequencies and percentages and continuous variables as means and standard deviations, or as medians and interquartile ranges. For multivariate analysis, the model is summarized with p-values and hazard ratios with 95% confidence intervals. Survival analysis was conducted using the Kaplan–Meier method, which was performed to evaluate the time elapsed from colonization to infection by the same bacteria. Statistical significance was considered at p < 0.05. Results: Of the 130 patients with MDRB bacterial colonization analyzed, 98 remained free of infection, while 22 developed non-concomitant infections and 10 had infections concomitant to rectal colonizing bacteria. OXA-48-producing bacteria and MDR-Pseudomonas spp. incidences were 18.9% (95% CI: 7.96–35.2) and 44.4% (CI: 13.7–78.8), respectively. Conclusions: OXA-48-producing bacteria and MDR-Pseudomonas spp. were the only bacteria associated with the development of infections concomitant to rectal colonization in an SDD setting. The incidence of MDRB infections was low.

In the current context of extreme wildfires, understanding fire behavior at a territorial level has proven crucial for territory planning. This type of analysis is usually conducted by analyzing past wildfire statistics. In this study, we forego the past information related to wildfires and analyze, instead, the behavior of the entire territory in the face of wildfires. This allows for the distribution of ignition points to be systematized and for typical and atypical weather scenarios to be considered. This analysis relies on the use of wildfire simulation software. Ignition points used for the simulations were distributed using a systematic 1 × 1 km grid throughout the whole study area. Wildfires were simulated for each ignition point using eight different weather scenarios representing both typical and atypical weather conditions. The fire behavior on the territory was analyzed using rate of spread and intensity parameters for each simulated wildfire. It was observed that this territory is extremely prone to large wildfires both in typical and atypical weather conditions and that there is a tendency for extreme behaviors to develop. Some features were identified as prevention issues that ought to be addressed. This study develops a strategy to evaluate, in a systematic manner, the response of the territory to the threat of wildfires.

IntroductionHematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HCT) can cure chronic granulomatous disease (CGD). However, transplant-associated morbidity or mortality may occur, and it is still controversial which patients benefit from this procedure. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the outcome of pediatric patients who received HCT in one of the Spanish pediatric transplant units. ResultsThirty children with a median age of 6.9 years (range 0.6–12.7) were evaluated: 8 patients received a transplant from a sibling donor (MSD), 21 received a transplant from an unrelated donor (UD), and 1 received a haploidentical transplant. The majority of the patients received reduced-intensity conditioning regimens based on either busulfan plus fludarabine or treosulfan. Relevant post-HCT complications were as follows: i) graft failure (GF), with a global incidence of 28.26% (CI: 15.15–48.88), 11.1% in patients with MSD (1.64–56.70) and 37.08% in unrelated donors (19.33–63.17); and ii) chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), with an incidence of 20.5% (8.9–43.2), 11.1% in patients with MSD (1.64–56.70) and 26.7% in unrelated donors (10.42–58.44). Post-HCT infections were usually manageable, but two episodes of pulmonary aspergillosis were diagnosed in the context of graft rejection. The 2-year OS was 77.3% (55.92–89.23). There were no statistically significant differences among donor types.DiscussionHCT in patients with CGD is a complex procedure with significant morbidity and mortality, especially in patients who receive grafts from unrelated donors. These factors need to be considered in the decision-making process and when discussing conditioning and GVHD prophylaxis.

AbstractCoastal environments, crucial and intricate ecosystems, face threats from human activities like pollution, eutrophication, and climate change. Monitoring microbial communities can aid in understanding the state of these habitats. Environmental DNA (eDNA) techniques provide efficient and comprehensive monitoring by capturing broader diversity. Besides structural profiling, eDNA methods allow the study of functional profiles, encompassing the genes within the microbial community. In this study, three methodologies were compared for functional profiling of microbial communities in estuarine and coastal sites in the Bay of Biscay. The methodologies included inference from 16S metabarcoding data using Tax4Fun, GeoChip microarrays, and shotgun metagenomics. Results revealed significant functional diversity across all sampling sites, irrespective of their environmental status. Most predicted KEGG Orthologs (KOs) showed consistency between metagenomics and Tax4Fun datasets, with correlated abundances. However, abundances derived from GeoChip did not correlate with either dataset. When comparing estuaries based on environmental status, Tax4Fun and metagenomics identified over 24% of KOs with significantly different abundances. KOs overrepresented in estuaries with a poor ecological status displayed an abundance of pathways associated with anaerobic metabolism, such as methanogenesis.

In numerous countries, official forest cartography is obtained through photointerpretation of aerial images which hinders having up-to-date information. This study explores the usefulness of a land cover map produced automatically using Sentinel-2 images as a complement of the official Spanish forest map in Galicia. It was obtained a map with an Overall Accuracy of 86%. Both maps were compared. Net area covered by each forest class differed among maps, the differences were higher in areas managed with shorter rotation cycles. Main differences were due to the capabilities of Sentinel-2 to identify harvestings or disturbances and to the minimum mapping units of each map. The Sentinel-2 map had a higher ability to map trees outside the forest, and the official cartography hides small parcels and incipient land change dynamics. Sentinel-2 based maps could be a powerful tool to reduce the information gap considering the official cartography updating frames.

Summary: Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa healthcare-associated infections are one of the top antimicrobial resistance threats world-wide. In order to analyze the current trends, we performed a Spanish nation-wide high-resolution analysis of the susceptibility profiles, the genomic epidemiology and the resistome of P. aeruginosa over a five-year time lapse. Methods: A total of 3.180 nonduplicated P. aeruginosa clinical isolates from two Spanish nation-wide surveys performed in October 2017 and 2022 were analyzed. MICs of 13 antipseudomonals were determined by ISO-EUCAST. Multidrug resistance (MDR)/extensively drug resistance (XDR)/difficult to treat resistance (DTR)/pandrug resistance (PDR) profiles were defined following established criteria. All XDR/DTR isolates were subjected to whole genome sequencing (WGS). Findings: A decrease in resistance to all tested antibiotics, including older and newer antimicrobials, was observed in 2022 vs 2017. Likewise, a major reduction of XDR (15.2% vs 5.9%) and DTR (4.2 vs 2.1%) profiles was evidenced, and even more patent among ICU isolates [XDR (26.0% vs 6.0%) and DTR (8.9% vs 2.6%)] (p

The fibrous cap is formed by smooth muscle cells that accumulate beneath the plaque endothelium. Cap rupture is the main cause of coronary thrombosis, leading to infarction and sudden cardiac death. Therefore, the qualities of the cap are primary determinants of the clinical outcome of coronary and carotid atherosclerosis. In this mini-review, we discuss current knowledge about the formation of the fibrous cap, including cell recruitment, clonal expansion, and central molecular signaling pathways. We also examine the differences between mouse and human fibrous caps and explore the impact of anti-atherosclerotic therapies on the state of the fibrous cap. We propose that the cap should be understood as a neo-media to substitute for the original media that becomes separated from the surface endothelium during atherogenesis and that embryonic pathways involved in the development of the arteria media contribute to cap formation.

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a major cause of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT)-related morbidity and mortality. Treatment failure continues to be a major issue in patients with CMV infection due to both drug resistance and intolerance. This single-center brief retrospective analysis of a case series aims to investigate the safety and efficacy of CMV-hyperimmune globulin as salvage therapy for CMV infection in children undergoing HSCT. Fifteen pediatric patients received human CMV-specific immunoglobulin (CMVIG) between July 2018 and December 2021 as a salvage therapy for refractory or recurrent CMV infection. At the time of CMVIG prescription, eight children presented with recurrent CMV infection and seven with refractory CMV infection. The overall response rate was 67% at 50 days from the CMVIG administration [95% confidence interval (CI): 44–88]. Overall survival (OS) from CMVIG administration at 100 days was 87% (95% CI: 56–96), and OS from HSCT at 1 year was 80% (95% CI: 50–93). Four patients died, three unrelated to CMV infection and one due to CMV pneumonia. CMVIG as salvage therapy was well tolerated, and no infusion-related adverse events were observed.

Background: The morbidity of early-term newborns (ETNBs) is associated with the immaturity of their organs and maternal biological factors (MBF). In this study, we determined the relationship between MBF and early-term birth. In addition, we assessed the role of gestational age (GA) and MBF in the morbidity of ETNBs compared with full-term newborns (FTNBs). Methods: This retrospective cohort included ETNBs and FTNBs. The frequency of morbidities was compared between groups stratified by GA with the X2 test or Fisher’s exact test. The association of MBF with GA and morbidity was calculated using binomial regression models between the variables that correlated with the morbidity of the ETNBs using Spearman’s correlation. A significance level of 5% was estimated for all analyses. Results: The probability of morbidity at birth for ETNBs was 1.9-fold higher than for FTNBs (37.5% vs. 19.9%), as they required more admission to the neonatal unit and more days of hospitalization; the most frequent pathology was jaundice. The MBF associated with early term birth were hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (aRR = 1.4, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.3–1.6), intrauterine growth restriction (aRR = 1.5, 95%CI: 1.3–1.6), and chronic hypertension (aRR = 1.6, 95%CI: 1.4–1.8). No association was found between MBF and morbidity at 37 and 38 weeks. Conclusions: The morbidity among ETNBs is related to physiological immaturity. The adverse MBF favor a hostile intrauterine environment, which affects fetal and neonatal well-being.

ABSTRACT Low temperature limits the growth and the distribution of the key oceanic primary producer Prochlorococcus, which does not proliferate above a latitude of ca. 40°. Yet, the molecular basis of thermal acclimation in this cyanobacterium remains unexplored. We analyzed the transcriptional response of the Prochlorococcus marinus strain MIT9301 in long-term acclimations and in natural Prochlorococcus populations along a temperature range enabling its growth (17 to 30°C). MIT9301 upregulated mechanisms of the global stress response at the temperature minimum (17°C) but maintained the expression levels of genes involved in essential metabolic pathways (e.g., ATP synthesis and carbon fixation) along the whole thermal niche. Notably, the declining growth of MIT9301 from the optimum to the minimum temperature was coincident with a transcriptional suppression of the photosynthetic apparatus and a dampening of its circadian expression patterns, indicating a loss in their regulatory capacity under cold conditions. Under warm conditions, the cellular transcript inventory of MIT9301 was strongly streamlined, which may also induce regulatory imbalances due to stochasticity in gene expression. The daytime transcriptional suppression of photosynthetic genes at low temperature was also observed in metatranscriptomic reads mapping to MIT9301 across the global ocean, implying that this molecular mechanism may be associated with the restricted distribution of Prochlorococcus to temperate zones. IMPORTANCE Prochlorococcus is a major marine primary producer with a global impact on atmospheric CO2 fixation. This cyanobacterium is widely distributed across the temperate ocean, but virtually absent at latitudes above 40° for yet unknown reasons. Temperature has been suggested as a major limiting factor, but the exact mechanisms behind Prochlorococcus thermal growth restriction remain unexplored. This study brings us closer to understanding how Prochlorococcus functions under challenging temperature conditions, by focusing on its transcriptional response after long-term acclimation from its optimum to its thermal thresholds. Our results show that the drop in Prochlorococcus growth rate under cold conditions was paralleled by a transcriptional suppression of the photosynthetic machinery during daytime and a loss in the organism’s regulatory capacity to maintain circadian expression patterns. Notably, warm temperature induced a marked shrinkage of the organism’s cellular transcript inventory, which may also induce regulatory imbalances in the future functioning of this cyanobacterium.

The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a zoonotic disease caused by the pandemic virus SARS-CoV-2. Domestic and wild animals are susceptible to infection and are potential reservoirs for virus variants. To date, there is no information about the exposure of companion animals in Buenos Aires Suburbs, the area with the largest population in Argentina where the highest number of COVID-19 human cases occurred during the first infection wave. Here we developed a multi-species indirect ELISA to measure antibodies reactive to the SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD) from several vertebrates constituting the class Mammalia, making it a valuable tool for field serosurveillance. The ELISA cut-off value was estimated by sera from dogs, cats, cattle, and pigs sampled before 2019 (n = 170), considering a 98% percentile and a grey zone to completely exclude any false positive result. Specificity was confirmed by measuring levels of neutralizing antibodies against canine coronavirus, the avidity of specific antibodies, and their capacity to impede the binding of a recombinant RBD protein to VERO cells in an In-Cell ELISA. Sera from 464 cats and dogs sampled in 2020 and 2021 (“pandemic” samples) were assessed using the RBD-ELISA. Information on COVID-19 disease in the household and the animals’ lifestyles was collected. In Buenos Aires Suburbs cats were infected at a higher proportion than dogs, seroprevalence was 7.1 and 1.68%, respectively. Confirmed COVID-19 in the caregivers and outdoor lifestyle were statistically associated with seropositivity in cats. The risk of cats getting infected living indoors in COVID-19-negative households was null. The susceptibility of mammals to SARS-CoV-2, the possibility of transmission between animals themselves and humans, together with the free-roaming lifestyle typical of Buenos Aires suburban companion animals, urge pursuing responsible animal care and avoiding human interaction with animals during the disease course. The multi-species RBD-ELISA we developed can be used as a tool for serosurveillance of SARS-CoV-2 infection in mammalians (domestic and wild), guiding further targeted virological analyses to encounter susceptible species, interspecies transmission, and potential virus reservoirs in our region.

Western democracies live a populist impulse. In this context, the consolidation of digital technologies plays a key role due to their possibilities of efficiently spreading messages. This research examines the role that emotions play in the communication strategy on Twitter of populist actors from four European countries: Spain, Italy, France and the United Kingdom. The sample comprises the messages shared by four European political parties: Podemos, 5 Star Movement, National Front and UKIP and their respective leaders during the analysis period. In total, 9,128 messages are analyzed. The main findings show that fear, uncertainty or resentment are the emotions most frequently used by populist parties and leaders. Likewise, negative emotions have been observed in those messages whose primary actor is the political, economic and media classes, the European Union or immigration, while positive emotions, such as joy or pride, are associated with the figure of the leader and the party.

Sexuality education is an evidence-based teaching and learning process that addresses attitudes, behaviours, and beliefs related to sexual health and sexuality. This education must be adapted individually and collectively, and be based on promoting respect for Human Sexual Rights. Sexuality education is essential for building more inclusive societies and improving the sexual health of the population. It is important to understand the impact of legislation on the establishment of the educational curriculum at different levels of education. The government, through education, should contribute to reducing sexual discrimination and risky sexual behaviour. There is a wide range of sexuality education content around the world. Nevertheless, the Sustainable Development Goals of the 2030 Agenda approved by the United Nations (UN, 2015) set out the joint path to be followed by countries and the different societies that make them up. The goals to be achieved are aimed at improving the lives of all citizens, including the objectives of health and well-being, quality education and women's equality. In addition to these global targets, numerous international organisations, such as the World Health Organization (WHO, 2022) and the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO, 2018), have repeatedly called on governments to improve equitable access to sexuality education and health programmes. Existing inequalities by country remain stark and negatively influence the health of their residents (WHO, 2021). In most countries where such education is provided, its main purpose is usually aimed at preventing sexually transmitted infections (STIs, Boonstra, 2015). Therefore, the mandatory and regulated content of the curriculum is oriented towards STI control and contraception, and even so this restrictive approach fails to address the challenge related to the increase in risky sexual behaviour and STIs. The difficulty of addressing this issue internationally requires the establishment of collaborative Global Health strategies between countries (UNESCO, 2018)

La desinformación se ha convertido en uno de los principales problemas para nuestra sociedad y nuestra democracia. Pese al incremento de investigaciones sobre este tópico, la percepción ciudadana sobre los efectos causados por las noticias falsas y las formas de combatirlas es una cuestión todavía pendiente. Nuestro objetivo es analizar estos dos aspectos en el contexto de la COVID-19 en España y, además, identificar los factores sociodemográficos y políticos que los determinan. Para ello, hemos usado una encuesta cuantitativa aplicada mediante un panel online (n= 682). Los resultados revelan que la desinformación genera, como efecto principal, un incremento de la desconfianza hacia los medios y los políticos entre la ciudadanía española. Por otra parte, su incidencia en el cambio de opinión y en la decisión de voto es reducida. En relación con el Coronavirus, las falsedades han tenido un bajo impacto en el proceso de vacunación, aunque si han repercutido en el incremento de las teorías de la conspiración entre la ciudadanía. Los hombres, los jóvenes y las personas de extrema derecha son quienes perciben las consecuencias de los engaños con mayor intensidad. Finalmente, la verificación de la información y la legislación son los mecanismos de lucha contra la desinformación que la ciudadanía considera más fiables. Estos resultados tienen importantes implicaciones tanto para las instituciones públicas como para el periodismo.

The use of mobile instant messaging platforms has increased in recent years in political communication given the private nature of this form of communication, a trend which has increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of this research is to know the Telegram usage done by the main political parties within the election campaign. For this purpose, the Catalan election of the 14th of February 2021 are studied with a quantitative content analysis on a sample composed of 600 messages published by five political parties (PSC, Vox Barcelona, ERC, Junts per Catalunya, CUP and En Comú Podem). Results show that one of the most important functions of this platforms is the information and dissemination of its electoral programme. Regarding the main topics, the organization and functioning of the campaign and the political wrangling predominate. Our findings show that the position of the different parties regarding the independence of Catalonia, their political trajectory and their position within the government/opposition axis are conditioning factors of their communication strategy on this platform. Finally, the analysis of the public impact of the published messages reveals the disconnection between the parties and the citizens. In addition, a “more is more” effect which determines that the more messages are broadcast on this platform, the greater the number of views by users is, is detected. These data reveal new evidence on how Telegram is being used in the election campaign by political actors.

The integration of photovoltaic panels and heat pumps in domestic environments is a topic that has been studied extensively. Due to their electrical nature and the presence of elements that add thermal inertia to the system (water tanks and the building itself), the functioning of compression heat pumps can be manipulated to try to fulfill a certain objective. In this paper, following a rule-based control concept that has been identified in commercial solutions and whose objective is to improve the self-consumption of the system by actively modulating the heat pump compressor, a parametric analysis is presented. By making use of a lab-tested model, the performance of the implemented control algorithm is analyzed. The main objective of this analysis is to identify and quantify the effects of the main parameters in the performance of the system, namely the climate (conditioning both heating and cooling demands), the photovoltaic installation size, the thermal insulation of the building and the control activation criteria. A total of 168 yearly simulations have been carried out. The results show that the average improvement in self-consumption is around 13%, while the cost is reduced by 2.5%. On the other hand, the heat from the heat pump and the power consumed increase by 3.7% and 5.2%, respectively. Finally, a linear equation to estimate the performance of the controller is proposed.

In recent years, research interest in human and non-human behavioral analysis has increased significantly. One key element in the resulting studies is the use of software that facilitates comparative analysis of behavioral patterns, such as using T-Pattern and T-String analysis -TPA- with THEME. Furthermore, all these studies use mixed methods research. Results from these studies have indicated a certain amount of similarity between the biological, temporal, and spatial patterns of human social interactions and the interactions between the contents of their constituent cells. TPA has become an important, widely-used technique in applied behavioral science research. The objectives of the current review were: (1) To identify the results of research over the last 4 years related to the concepts of T-Pattern, TPA, and THEME, since it is in this period in which more publications on these topics have been detected (2) To examine the key concepts and areas in the selected articles with respect to those concepts, applying data and text mining techniques. The results indicate that, over the last 4 years, 20% of the studies were laboratory focused with non-humans, 18% were in sports environments, 9% were in psychological therapy environments and 9% were in natural human contexts. There were also indications that TPA is beginning to be used in workplace environments, which is a very promising setting for future research in this area.

Trophic interactions between marine phytoplankton and heterotrophic bacteria are at the base of the biogeochemical carbon cycling in the ocean. However, the specific interactions taking place between phytoplankton and bacterial taxa remain largely unexplored, particularly out of phytoplankton blooming events. Here, we applied network analysis to a 3.5-year time-series dataset to assess the specific associations between different phytoplankton and bacterial taxa along the seasonal scale, distinguishing between free-living and particle-attached bacteria. Using a newly developed network post-analysis technique we removed bacteria-phytoplankton correlations that were primarily driven by environmental parameters, to detect potential biotic interactions. Our results indicate that phytoplankton dynamics may be a strong driver of the inter-annual variability in bacterial community composition. We found the highest abundance of specific bacteria-phytoplankton associations in the particle-attached fraction, indicating a tighter bacteria-phytoplankton association than in the free-living fraction. In the particle-associated fraction we unveiled novel potential associations such as the one between Planctomycetes taxa and the diatom Leptocylindrus spp. Consistent correlations were also found between free-living bacterial taxa and different diatoms, including novel associations such as those between SAR11 with Naviculales diatom order, and between Actinobacteria and Cylindrotheca spp. We also confirmed previously known associations between Rhodobacteraceae and Thalassiosira spp. Our results expand our view on bacteria-phytoplankton associations, suggesting that taxa-specific interactions may largely impact the seasonal dynamics of heterotrophic bacterial communities.

RESUMEN Objetivos: General: conocer el uso de jabón en las heridas por parte de los profesionales sanitarios. Específicos: conocer las características de las heridas tratadas con jabón, conocer el tipo de jabón utilizado en el tratamiento de heridas y conocer los documentos en los que se basan los profesionales para el uso de jabón en las heridas. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo observacional de carácter transversal. Se ha realizado un cuestionario ad hoc a profesionales sanitarios de tres asociaciones relacionadas con el tratamiento de personas con heridas. Los cuestionarios se cumplimentaron on-line a través de la plataforma Google Drive. Resultados: Se cumplimentaron un total de 179 cuestionarios. Utilizan jabón para el tratamiento de las heridas un 74% de los encuestados (de estos, lo usan de forma habitual un 43% y ocasional el 57%), mientras que se refirió el uso de jabón en heridas sucias (96,7%), con presencia o sospecha de infección (55,4%) o superficiales (50%). Los principales tipos de jabón utilizados fueron antisépticos jabonosos (65,4%) y geles (22%), y un 82% refirió desconocer protocolos o guías que recomienden el uso de jabón para las heridas. Se recogieron respuestas en texto libre que mostraron gran variedad de opiniones. Discusión y conclusiones: Los resultados del estudio muestran un uso habitual de jabón para el tratamiento de las heridas, así como falta de consenso y una práctica clínica heterogénea. Los datos señalan la experiencia de los profesionales como principal fuente de conocimiento.

Social media, especially Twitter, has become a strategic space for those users who try to extend their influence in the digital environment. This work focuses on opinion leaders who participate in political talk-shows. The aim is to analyse the use and the thematic agenda proposed by these actors on Twitter during electoral periods. The Twitter profiles of 20 opinion leaders (journalists, media editors and experts) of four Spanish television channels are examined. A quantitative content analysis is used on 2,588 tweets disseminated during the November 2019 general election campaign in Spain by them. Results show differences between the different types of actors who make up the sample. Journalists use Twitter to express their criticisms and reinforce their community of followers, especially using interaction and humour. Media editors are more neutral and promote their personal brand through the promotion of their media companies. Experts inform and analyse political news more than journalists, although they also criticise and respond to citizens’ comments. Regarding the subject agenda, messages on electoral results and media content predominate. Thus, the data shows how opinion leaders take advantage of Twitter to freely show their opinions, especially negative ones, and boost dialogue with users.

The COVID-19 pandemic impacted societal structures worldwide. In the educational realm, the forced closure, and subsequent reopening of school settings disrupted the personal and professional lives of administrators, teachers, parents, and students. Two groups of Spanish stakeholders affected by the return to face-to-face instruction during the pandemic were the University of Extremadura’s student teachers and their mentors during the practicum, as student teaching is known in Spain. This study investigated 28 student teachers’ and 26 mentors’ responses to a questionnaire enquiring on the main challenges resulting from the pandemic, as well as student teachers’ contributions to the classroom during this difficult time. Cualitative software was used to analyze participants’ responses allowed us to identify four main themes: attitudes; classroom management issues; adaptations and restrictions; and academic–experiential modifications. Overall, the findings revealed student teachers’ and mentors’ positive opinions about their joint work experience and about student teachers’ logistical and technological support.

Las democracias occidentales viven un impulso populista. En este contexto, la consolidación de las tecnologías digitales juega un papel clave por sus potencialidades para difundir con mayor facilidad los mensajes populistas. Esta investigación examina cómo los actores políticos populistas europeos introducen en su estrategia discursiva en Twitter la exclusión de grupos, el euroescepticismo y la existencia de crisis y cómo la enmarcan con el objetivo de conocer si existen diferencias significativas respecto a su ideología. La muestra está compuesta por los mensajes compartidos en Twitter por cuatro partidos políticos populistas europeos (Podemos, Movimiento 5 Estrellas, Frente Nacional y UKIP) y sus respectivos líderes (Pablo Iglesias, Beppe Grillo, Marine Le Pen y Nigel Farage y Paul Nuttall) durante tres periodos temporales fuera de campañas electorales. En total se han analizado 9.128 mensajes. Los principales hallazgos muestran que, pese a no ser características inherentes al fenómeno populista, la narrativa de la crisis, la exclusión de colectivos y el euroescepticismo está presente en el discurso de todos los actores políticos populistas analizados en Twitter. Todos ellos basan su estrategia discursiva en la búsqueda de culpables con el objetivo de presentarse ante el pueblo como la única opción política capaz de defenderles y devolverles la soberanía que les ha sido arrebatada. En este contexto, la ideología resulta determinante.

Checkpoint with forkhead-associated and ring finger domains (CHFR) has been proposed as a predictive and prognosis biomarker for different tumor types, but its role in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains unknown. The aim of this study was two-pronged: to review the role of CHFR in PDAC and evaluating CHFR as a potential predictive biomarker in this disease. For this purpose, we first explored the CHFR messenger (m)RNA expression and promoter methylation through the TCGA database. Secondly, the CHFR expression and promoter methylation were prospectively evaluated in a cohort of patients diagnosed with borderline (n = 19) or resectable (n = 16) PDAC by immunohistochemistry (IHC), methylation specific-PCR (MSP), and pyrosequencing. The results from the TCGA database showed significant differences in terms of progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) based on the CHFR mRNA expression, which was likely independent from the promoter methylation. Importantly, our results showed that in primarily resected patients and also the entire cohort, a higher CHFR expression as indicated by the higher IHC staining intensity might identify patients with longer disease-free survival (DFS) and OS, respectively. Similarly, in the same cohorts, patients with lower methylation levels by pyrosequencing showed significantly longer OS than patients without this pattern. Both, the CHFR expression intensity and its promoter methylation were established as independent prognostic factors for PFS and OS in the entire cohort. In contrast, no significant differences were found between different methylation patterns for CHFR and the response to taxane-based neoadjuvant treatment. These results suggest the potential role of the higher expression of CHFR and the methylation pattern of its promoter as potential prognostic biomarkers in PDAC, thus warranting further comprehensive studies to extend and confirm our preliminary findings.

Neurodegenerative parkinsonisms affect mainly cognitive and motor functions and are syndromes of overlapping symptoms and clinical manifestations such as tremor, rigidness, and bradykinesia. These include idiopathic Parkinson’s disease (PD) and the atypical parkinsonisms, namely progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), corticobasal degeneration (CBD), multiple system atrophy (MSA) and dementia with Lewy body (DLB). Differences in the striatal metabolism among these syndromes are evaluated using [18F]FDG PET, caused by alterations to the dopaminergic activity and neuronal loss. A study cohort of three patients with PD, 29 with atypical parkinsonism (10 PSP, 6 CBD, 2 MSA, 7 DLB, and 4 non-classifiable), and a control group of 25 patients with normal striatal metabolism is available. Standardized uptake value ratios (SUVR) are extracted from the striatum, and the caudate and the putamen separately. SUVRs are compared among the study groups. In addition, hemispherical and caudate-putamen differences are evaluated in atypical parkinsonisms. Striatal hypermetabolism is detected in patients with PD, while atypical parkinsonisms show hypometabolism, compared to the control group. Hemispherical differences are observed in CBD, MSA and DLB, with the latter also showing statistically significant caudate–putamen asymmetry (p = 0.018). These results indicate disease-specific metabolic uptake patterns in the striatum that can support the differential diagnosis.

Obesity has been established as a risk factor for renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Recently, studies have described obesity as a probable protecting factor in the metastatic stage of RCC. In this study, we assessed the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and overall survival in patients under systemic therapy. The correlation between BMI and overall median survival was studied in 76 patients diagnosed with metastatic RCC under systemic therapy. The groups were divided into overweight and obesity (BMI > 25 kg/m2) and underweight or normal (BMI < 25 kg/m2). Statistical analysis was performed using the Cox regression model adjusted by gender. A total of 76 patients were studied: 16 women (21%) and 60 men (79%). The median BMI was 27.96 kg/m2; 24 patients (31.6%) had low BMI and 52 (68.4%) had high BMI. Median overall survival in the group with BMI > 25 kg/m2 was 17 months (95% confidence interval [CI]: 13–34 months), while in the group with BMI ≤ 25 kg/m2, it was 14 months (95% CI: 8–20 months). When adjusted by gender, the group with BMI > 25 kg/m2 presented a hazards ratio of 0.54 (95% CI: 0.30–0.96), P = 0.044 (Log Rank). A high BMI significantly acts as a protecting factor. We observed an increased overall survival of overweight and obese patients within the context of metastatic RCC under systemic treatment. These data confirm the findings published in other studies that suggest the role of lipid metabolism in this type of tumors.

Sexual risk behaviours are considered sexual conducts that can cause biological, psychological and social damage. Therefore, sexuality education is considered the only effective way to avoid it. This project aims to understand sexual risk behaviour factors and their consequences in young adults and to explore strategies they would use to face them. To answer these questions, we conducted a qualitative study in which we interviewed 11 young adults using an asynchronous mail technique due to the Covid19 pandemic. We also carried out a thematic analysis and developed our key results: 1) Sexual attitudes and behaviours; 2) Sexual risk factors, 3) Sexual risk consequences; and 4) Educational approach and strategies. Similarities in the themes were verified with previous literature, exposing the importance of learning to identify factors and consequences to respond appropriately. Participants believe that comprehensive and egalitarian sexuality education applied at individual and community level is a solid method that can improve sexual health and well-being. To conclude, this study reveals the importance of listening to young adults’ perspectives towards these conduct variables and educational approaches in order to establish global health strategies that could be based on these results.

Introduction: Drugs used in oncological diseases are frequently related to adverse drug reactions (ADR). Few studies have analyzed the toxicity of cancer treatments in children in real practice.Methods: An observational, longitudinal and prospective study has been carried out in an Oncohematology Service of a tertiary hospital. During 2017, patients exposed to one or more drugs of a previously agreed list were identified and followed-up for at least 6 months each. Characteristics of ADR, incidence, causality and possible preventability, have been evaluated.Results: 72 patients have been treated with at least one study drug, and 159 ADR episodes involving at least one of these drugs have been identified, with a total of 293 ADR. Most episodes required hospital admission (35.2%) or happened during the hospital stay (33%), and 91.2% were severe. Blood disorders were the most frequent ADR (96; 32.8%), related to thioguanine (42) and pegaspargase (39) mainly, followed by infections (86; 29.4%) related to thioguanine (32), pegaspargase (27), Erwinia asparaginase (14) and rituximab (13). Two ADR were unknown. Most ADR were dose-dependent or expectable (>90%). The global incidence of ADR was 3.1/100 days at risk (95% CI 2.7–3.5), with 3.5 ADR/100 days at risk with pegaspargase (95% CI 2.9–4.2), 1.2/100 days at risk with rituximab (95% CI 0.8–1.8) and 11.6/100 days at risk with thioguanine (95% CI 9.4–14.2). Controversial additional measures of prevention, other than those already used, were identified.Conclusion: ADR are frequent in pediatric oncohematological patients, mainly blood disorders and infectious diseases. Findings regarding incidence and preventability may be useful to compare data between different centers and to evaluate new possibilities for action or prevention.

Interactions between autotrophic and heterotrophic bacteria are fundamental for marine biogeochemical cycling. How global warming will affect the dynamics of these essential microbial players is not fully understood. The aims of this study were to identify the major groups of heterotrophic bacteria present in a Synechococcus culture originally isolated from the Red Sea and assess their joint responses to experimental warming within the metabolic ecology framework. A co-culture of Synechococcus sp. RS9907 and their associated heterotrophic bacteria, after determining their taxonomic affiliation by 16S rRNA gene sequencing, was acclimated and maintained in the lab at different temperatures (24–34°C). The abundance and cellular properties of Synechococcus and the three dominant heterotrophic bacterial groups (pertaining to the genera Paracoccus, Marinobacter, and Muricauda) were monitored by flow cytometry. The activation energy of Synechococcus, which grew at 0.94–1.38 d–1, was very similar (0.34 ± 0.02 eV) to the value hypothesized by the metabolic theory of ecology (MTE) for autotrophs (0.32 eV), while the values of the three heterotrophic bacteria ranged from 0.16 to 1.15 eV and were negatively correlated with their corresponding specific growth rates (2.38–24.4 d–1). The corresponding carrying capacities did not always follow the inverse relationship with temperature predicted by MTE, nor did we observe a consistent response of bacterial cell size and temperature. Our results show that the responses to future ocean warming of autotrophic and heterotrophic bacteria in microbial consortia might not be well described by theoretical universal rules.

En los últimos años, el periodismo ha experimentado una profunda transformación debido a la emergencia y consolidación de las tecnologías digitales. Las redes sociales han posibilitado la reinvención y adaptación del periodismo a nuevos formatos narrativos, como el storytelling, que responden a los intereses y a las actuales fórmulas de consumo de la información por parte de la ciudadanía. El objetivo de esta investigación es ofrecer una clasificación de nuevos formatos basados en las técnicas narrativas propias del storytelling y vinculados a las redes sociales, y que los medios de comunicación están usando para producir y difundir sus contenidos informativos. Para ello, se plantea una metodología basada en un enfoque exploratorio y en la técnica del análisis de contenido. Los resultados obtenidos demuestran que los formatos identificados están estrechamente ligados a la actualidad e inmediatez informativa, y permiten a los usuarios participar activamente en la construcción de la realidad.

Esta investigación examina la relación entre medios convencionales y Twitter durante la campaña electoral de 2016 en España. La metodología combina el análisis de contenido cuantitativo y el análisis métrico sobre una muestra de 8.199 mensajes publicados por los cuatro partidos más votados: PP, PSOE, Podemos y Ciudadanos. Los resultados confirman que los partidos aprovechan Twitter para amplificar el impacto de sus intervenciones en medios convencionales, siendo especialmente significativo el debate a cuatro emitido por diferentes cadenas televisiva. Este dato refuerza la idea de que viejos y nuevos medios conviven y se complementan en un entorno comunicativo híbrido.

Macrophages (Mφs) produce factors that participate in cardiac repair and remodeling after myocardial infarction (MI); however, how these factors crosstalk with other cell types mediating repair is not fully understood. Here we demonstrated that cardiac Mφs increased the expression of Mmp14 (MT1-MMP) 7 days post-MI. We selectively inactivated the Mmp14 gene in Mφs using a genetic strategy (Mmp14f/f:Lyz2-Cre). This conditional KO (MAC-Mmp14 KO) resulted in attenuated post-MI cardiac dysfunction, reduced fibrosis, and preserved cardiac capillary network. Mechanistically, we showed that MT1-MMP activates latent TGFβ1 in Mφs, leading to paracrine SMAD2-mediated signaling in endothelial cells (ECs) and endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT). Post-MI MAC-Mmp14 KO hearts contained fewer cells undergoing EndMT than their wild-type counterparts, and Mmp14-deficient Mφs showed a reduced ability to induce EndMT in co-cultures with ECs. Our results indicate the contribution of EndMT to cardiac fibrosis and adverse remodeling post-MI and identify Mφ MT1-MMP as a key regulator of this process.

The temperature-size Rule (TSR) states that there is a negative relationship between ambient temperature and body size. This rule has been independently evaluated for different phases of the life cycle in multicellular eukaryotes, but mostly for the average population in unicellular organisms. We acclimated two model marine cyanobacterial strains (Prochlorococcus marinus MIT9301 and Synechococcus sp. RS9907) to a gradient of temperatures and measured the changes in population age-structure and cell size along their division cycle. Both strains displayed temperature-dependent diel changes in cell size, and as a result, the relationship between temperature and average cell size varied along the day. We computed the mean cell size of new-born cells in order to test the prediction of the TSR on a single-growth stage. Our work reconciles previous inconsistent results when testing the TSR on unicellular organisms, and shows that when a single-growth stage is considered the predicted negative response to temperature is revealed.

Since its inception, the European Union has been facing several challenges. The economic and refugee crises, along with the results of the British referendum, have shaped the future of Europe in the past decade. These challenges among others have encouraged the emergence of populist parties, which aim at disrupting the current status quo posing threats to democracy. In this context, the consolidation of digital media has played a key role in the circulation of populist messages to a large number of people. Such messages have questioned the political and legitimacy terms of the European Union, leading to the ideal scenario of Euroscepticism. This article examines the framing and communication strategies used by the European populist actors regarding the European Union and Euroscepticism. The aim is to identify if there are any significant ideological differences. The sample consists of the shared messages (n = 3,667) by the main European populist political parties of Spain, Italy, France, and the United Kingdom during the European Parliament election campaign in 2019. The messages published on the Twitter accounts of Podemos, Vox, the 5 Star Movement, Lega, Rassemblement National, France Insoumise, The Brexit Party, and the UKIP have been analyzed. Results show that two types of Eurosceptic discourse were detected depending on the ideology. The right-wing populists pose a Euroscepticism exclusionary discourse, based on the loss of sovereignty and the distinction of “they”—“us,” excluding the out-groups whereas the left-wing populists present a Euroscepticism inclusive discourse, to maintain the foundational values of Europe, such as equality or solidarity between different people and countries. This research found that Eurosceptic discourse is used in the communicative strategy of populist political parties on Twitter and highlights the importance of the message frame which makes the difference about it.

Resumen: A pesar de ser una enfermedad rara, el cáncer es la primera causa de mortalidad por enfermedad durante la edad pediátrica en los países desarrollados. En este momento, la irrupción de nuevos tratamientos como la inmunoterapia constituye un nuevo paradigma clínico y regulatorio. Uno de estos tipos de inmunoterapia es la inmunoterapia celular. En particular, los medicamentos de terapia avanzada con receptores antigénicos quiméricos en los linfocitos T (CAR-T), y en concreto las células CAR-T19, han supuesto un nuevo escenario en el abordaje de los tumores hematológicos, como la leucemia aguda linfoblástica y los linfomas de células tipo B. La aprobación por las autoridades regulatorias de tisagenlecleucel y axicabtagene ciloleucel, ha impulsado la puesta en marcha del Plan Nacional de Terapias Avanzadas-Medicamentos CAR-T en España, evidenciándose no solo la conveniencia de identificar los centros más adecuados para su administración, sino la necesidad de que estos sufran una profunda transformación para que su actividad asistencial se extienda en algunos casos a la capacidad de fabricación propia de este tipo de terapias. Los hospitales especializados en hematooncología pediátrica tienen por tanto el reto de evolucionar hacia un modelo asistencial que integre la inmunoterapia celular, dotándose de capacidad propia para gestionar todos los aspectos relativos al uso, fabricación y administración de estos nuevos tratamientos. Abstract: Despite being a rare disease, cancer is the first cause of mortality due to disease during the paediatric age in the developed countries. The current, great increase in new treatments, such as immunotherapy, constitutes a new clinical and regulatory paradigm. Cellular immunotherapy is one of these types of immunotherapy. In particular, the advanced therapy drugs with chimeric antigen receptors in the T-lymphocytes (CAR-T), and particularly the CAR-T19 cells, has opened up a new scenario in the approach to haematology tumours like acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and the B-Cell lymphomas. The approval of tisagenlecleucel and axicabtagene ciloleucel by the regulatory authorities has led to the setting up of the National Plan for Advanced Therapies-CAR-T drugs in Spain. There is evidence of, not only the advantage of identifying the centres most suitable for their administration, but also the need for these to undergo a profound change in order that their healthcare activity is extended, in some cases, to the ability for the in-house manufacture of these types of therapies. The hospitals specialised in paediatric haematology-oncology thus have the challenge of progressing towards a healthcare model that integrates cellular immunotherapy, having the appropriate capacity to manage all aspects relative to their use, manufacture, and administration of these new treatments.

Despite being a rare disease, cancer is the first cause of mortality due to disease during the paediatric age in the developed countries. The current, great increase in new treatments, such as immunotherapy, constitutes a new clinical and regulatory paradigm. Cellular immunotherapy is one of these types of immunotherapy. In particular, the advanced therapy drugs with chimeric antigen receptors in the T-lymphocytes (CAR-T), and particularly the CAR-T19 cells, has opened up a new scenario in the approach to haematology tumours like acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and the B-Cell lymphomas. The approval of tisagenlecleucel and axicabtagene ciloleucel by the regulatory authorities has led to the setting up the National Plan for Advanced Therapies-CAR-T drugs in Spain. There is evidence of, not only the advantage of identifying the centres most suitable for their administration, but also the need for these to undergo a profound change in order that their healthcare activity is extended, in some cases, to the ability for the in-house manufacture of these types of therapies. The hospitals specialised in paediatric haematology-oncology thus have the challenge of progressing towards a healthcare model that integrates cellular immunotherapy, having the appropriate capacity to manage all aspects relative to their use, manufacture, and administration of these new treatments. Resumen: A pesar de ser una enfermedad rara, el cáncer es la primera causa de mortalidad por enfermedad durante la edad pediátrica en los países desarrollados. En este momento, la irrupción de nuevos tratamientos como la inmunoterapia constituye un nuevo paradigma clínico y regulatorio. Uno de estos tipos de inmunoterapia es la inmunoterapia celular. En particular, los medicamentos de terapia avanzada con receptores antigénicos quiméricos en los linfocitos T (CAR-T), y en concreto las células CAR-T19, han supuesto un nuevo escenario en el abordaje de los tumores hematológicos, como la leucemia aguda linfoblástica y los linfomas de células tipo B. La aprobación por las autoridades regulatorias de tisagenlecleucel y axicabtagene ciloleucel, ha impulsado la puesta en marcha del Plan Nacional de Terapias Avanzadas-Medicamentos CAR-T en España, evidenciándose no sólo la conveniencia de identificar los centros más adecuados para su administración, sino la necesidad de que éstos sufran una profunda transformación para que su actividad asistencial se extienda en algunos casos a la capacidad de fabricación propia de este tipo de terapias. Los hospitales especializados en hemato-oncología pediátrica tienen por tanto el reto de evolucionar hacia un modelo asistencial que integre la inmunoterapia celular, dotándose de capacidad propia para gestionar todos los aspectos relativos al uso, fabricación y administración de estos nuevos tratamientos.

Environmental microbial gene expression patterns remain largely unexplored, particularly at interannual time scales. We analyzed the variability in the expression of marker genes involved in ecologically relevant biogeochemical processes at a temperate Atlantic site over two consecutive years. Most of nifH transcripts, involved in nitrogen (N) fixation, were affiliated with the symbiotic cyanobacterium Candidatus Atelocyanobacterium thalassa, suggesting a key role as N providers in this system. The expression of nifH and amoA (i.e., marker for ammonia oxidation) showed consistent maxima in summer and autumn, respectively, suggesting a temporal succession of these important N cycling processes. The patterns of expression of genes related to the oxidation of carbon monoxide (coxL) and reduced sulfur (soxB) were different from that of amoA, indicating alternate timings for these energy conservation strategies. We detected expression of alkaline phosphatases, induced under phosphorus limitation, in agreement with the reported co-limitation by this nutrient at the study site. In contrast, low-affinity phosphate membrane transporters (pit) typically expressed under phosphorus luxury conditions, were mainly detected in post-bloom conditions. Rhodobacteraceae dominated the expression of soxB, coxL and ureases, while Pelagibacteraceae dominated the expression of proteorhodopsins. Bacteroidetes and Gammaproteobacteria were major contributors to the uptake of inorganic nutrients (pit and amt transporters). Yet, in autumn, Thauma- and Euryarchaeota unexpectedly contributed importantly to the uptake of ammonia and phosphate, respectively. We provide new hints on the active players and potential dynamics of ecologically relevant functions in situ, highlighting the potential of metatranscriptomics to provide significant input to future omics-driven marine ecosystem assessment.

Monitoring forest disturbances has become essential towards the design and tracking of sustainable forest management. Multiple methodologies have been developed to detect these disturbances. However, few studies have focused on the automatic detection of disturbance drivers, an essential task as each disturbance has different implications for the functioning of the ecosystem and associated management actions. Wildfires and harvesting are two of the major drivers of forest disturbances across different ecosystems. In this study, an automated methodology is presented to automatically distinguish between the two once the disturbance is detected, using the properties of its geometry and shape. A cluster analysis was performed to automatically individualize each disturbance and afterwards calculate its geometric properties. Using these properties, a decision tree was built that allowed for the distinction between wildfires and harvesting with an overall accuracy of 91%. This methodology and further research relating to it could pose an essential aid to national and international agencies for incorporating forest-disturbance-driver-related information into forest-focused reports.

In recent years, political communication has been marked by an increased use of social media. Platforms such as Twitter have become an essential tool for political actors, especially during electoral campaigns. The aim of this study is to analyse the use of Twitter by Spanish political actors to build their agenda during electoral campaigns. The implementation strategy and users’ responses were also analysed. A quantitative content analysis was conducted, which was complemented by a metric evaluation. The sample was taken from the general election of 26 June 2016. The profiles of the four political parties most popularly represented in Spain (Partido Popular, Partido Socialista, Podemos, and Ciudadanos) and their leaders (Mariano Rajoy, Pedro Sánchez, Pablo Iglesias, and Albert Rivera respectively), were analysed. A total of 9,049 tweets were studied and the results allowed us to detect various parameters of the management of political agendas on Twitter during the electoral campaign. Among them, it is worth highlighting: the existence of different forms of agenda-setting interactions built by the parties and articulated by the leaders, the low degree of thematic fragmentation, the prevalence of a game frame, the identification of three conditioning factors, and the detection of dissonance between the agenda built by politicians and the interests of the users of this platform.

Summary: Macrophage plasticity has been studied in vitro, but transcriptional regulation upon injury is poorly understood. We generated a valuable dataset that captures transcriptional changes in the healthy heart and after myocardial injury, revealing a dynamic transcriptional landscape of macrophage activation. Partial deconvolution suggested that post-injury macrophages exhibit overlapping activation of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory programs rather than aligning to canonical M1/M2 programs. Furthermore, simulated dynamics and experimental validation of a regulatory core of the underlying gene-regulatory network revealed a negative-feedback loop that limits initial inflammation via hypoxia-mediated upregulation of Il10. Our results also highlight the prominence of post-transcriptional regulation (miRNAs, mRNA decay, and lincRNAs) in attenuating the myocardial injury-induced inflammatory response. We also identified a cardiac-macrophage-specific gene signature (e.g., Egfr and Lifr) and time-specific markers for macrophage populations (e.g., Lyve1, Cd40, and Mrc1). Altogether, these data provide a core resource for deciphering the transcriptional network in cardiac macrophages in vivo. : Walter et al. generate a whole transcriptome dataset (mRNA, miRNA, and lincRNA) of macrophages in the healthy heart and after myocardial injury. This study reveals that post-injury macrophages simultaneously activate pro- and anti-inflammatory programs. Furthermore, they identified transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms regulating myocardial injury-induced inflammation. Keywords: heart, myocardial injury, IL-10, transcriptome analysis, partial deconvolution, Boolean dynamical model, miRnome, lincRNAs

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) are involved in vascular remodeling associated with plaque progression. Little is known about their immune regulatory role in vascular disorders. Here, the authors report that MT4-MMP-deficiency increases the recruitment of patrolling monocytes to early atherosclerotic lesions, which accelerates atherosclerosis.

Social media has become an essential platform in the field of digital political communication. In the context of accommodating electoral campaigns to digital media and the absence of barriers to freedom of expression existing on these platforms, attacks on political rivals and negative campaigns are increasing on social media. This research analyzes the use of criticism on Facebook by political actors during the electoral campaign and citizens’ reactions to these messages. The sample (n = 601) contains the publications disseminated on Facebook by political parties and leaders during the electoral campaign of the general elections of 26 June 2016 in Spain. The results show that criticism is an emerging resource in the digital communication strategy of political actors, mainly used by the opposition parties and their candidates, who focus their attacks on the party and leader of the Government. Attacks are mainly focused on the professional side of their rivals, although they also give a central role to emotions. Citizens are attracted to these attacks and are prone to interact with posts that include this resource.

Purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) deficiency is a rare inherited disorder, resulting in severe combined immunodeficiency. To date, PNP deficiency has been detected in newborn screening only through the use of liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. We report the first case in which PNP deficiency was detected by TREC analysis.