Search

Introduction and objectives Quantification of cardiovascular risk has been based on scores such as Framingham, Framingham-REGICOR, SCORE or Life's Simple 7 (LS7). In vitro, animal, and randomized clinical studies have shown that polyphenols may provide benefits to the vascular system and reduce the inflammatory response. However, some clinical-epidemiological studies have yielded inconsistent results. Our aim was to assess the possible association between intake of the various polyphenol classes and established cardiovascular scores. Methods This cross-sectional analysis involved 6633 PREDIMED-Plus study participants. Food polyphenol content was estimated by a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire , adjusted for total energy intake according to the residual method. The association between polyphenol intake and cardiovascular risk was tested using linear regression analyses. Results Total polyphenol and flavonoid intake were directly and significantly associated only with the LS7 scale. Intake of lignans was directly and significantly associated with SCORE and LS7 scales, stilbene intake with SCORE, and phenolic acid intake with Framingham and Framingham-REGICOR scores. Other polyphenol classes were associated in a protective and significant manner in Framingham, SCORE and LS7 scores. In women, intake of all the polyphenol classes, except phenolic acids, showed a protective trend in the results of the Framingham, Framingham-REGICOR scores and LS7 scale. Conclusions An inverse association was found between consumption of the ‘other polyphenols’ class and, especially among women, with estimated cardiovascular risk. The results were similar to those of Framingham, Framingham-REGICOR and LS7 (after eliminating the diet component) and differed from those of SCORE, but the predictors included were limited in the latter case.

Objetivo: Valorar el efecto de una intervención nutricional intensiva, basada en la aplicación de una dieta mediterránea hipocalórica personalizada, sobre el peso corporal y el perímetro de la cintura en adultos refractarios a la pérdida de peso. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio prospectivo durante 6 meses en 100 participantes con edades comprendidas entre 55-75 años, índice de masa corporal ≥ 27 y < 40 kg/m2, que cumplieran con 3 o más criterios de síndrome metabólico. La intervención consistió en la pauta de una dieta mediterránea hipocalórica, recomendaciones de ejercicio y entrevistas motivacionales. Se recogieron variables antropométricas una vez al mes durante toda la intervención. Para analizar los resultados se realizaron los test de la chi al cuadrado y t de Student, y se calculó mediante regresión logística no condicional los odds ratio con intervalos de confianza del 95% de las variables asociadas a la pérdida de peso. Resultados: Tras la intervención de «rescate», los pacientes perdieron una media del 2,9% del peso corporal y del 2,1% del perímetro abdominal, alcanzando el 38% de la muestra una pérdida ≥ 3% del peso y el 26% de la muestra una reducción ≥ 3% de circunferencia de cintura. No se observaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la pérdida de peso y cintura en ninguna de las variables analizadas. Conclusiones: Una intervención intensiva, basada en una dieta mediterránea hipocalórica, recomendación de actividad física y charlas motivacionales, consigue pérdidas moderadas de peso en pacientes refractarios a los tratamientos contra la obesidad. Objective: To assess the effect of an intensive nutritional intervention on the body weight and waist circumference in adults refractory to weight loss, by applying a personalised low-calorie Mediterranean diet. Material and methods: A prospective study was conducted for 6 months on 100 participants with an age range between 55 and 75 years, a BMI ≥ 27 and < 40 kg/my, and fulfilled 3 or more criteria of metabolic syndrome. The intervention consisted of prescribing a low-calorie Mediterranean diet, exercise recommendations, and motivational talks. Anthropometric variables were recorded 11a month during the entire intervention. An analysis was made of the results using the Chi-squared and Student-t tests. The Odds Ratio of the variables associated with weight loss and their 95% confidence intervals was calculated using a non-conditional logistic regression. Results: After the "rescue" intervention, the patients lost an average of 2.9% of the body weight and 2.1% of waist circumference, the target of the loss ≥ 3% of the weight and 26% of the sample the target of reduction ≥ 3% of waist circumference being achieved 38% of the sample. No statistically significant differences were observed in weight and waist circumference loss in any of the variables analysed. Conclusions: Intensive intervention, based on a low-calorie Mediterranean diet, with recommendations of physical activity and motivational talks, achieved a moderate weight loss in patients refractory to treatments for obesity.

Resumen Objetivo El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar la reproducibilidad, la correlacion y la concordancia del Dietary Score abreviado (DSa) utilizado en el estudio IBERICAN. Material y metodos Estudio transversal. Se evaluo la reproducibilidad del DSa mediante una prueba test-retest, evaluando su consistencia interna mediante alfa de Cronbach y la fiabilidad de las mediciones mediante el coeficiente de correlacion intraclase ( CC I). A partir del cuestionario de frecuencia alimentaria (CFA) del estudio PREDIMED-Plus se evaluo la adherencia a un patron de dieta mediterranea mediante el DS, valorandose su correlacion y concordancia con el DSa. En ambos casos se utilizaron tecnicas de regresion lineal, de Bland-Altman e indice de kappa. Resultados Participaron 142 sujetos, mayoritariamente hombres (56,3%), con una media de edad de 64,6 ± 4,9 anos. En terminos de reproducibilidad, se obtuvo un coeficiente de correlacion de Pearson de 0,538; una media de las diferencias de 2,03 puntos y un indice kappa ponderado de 0,400 (IC del 95% = 0,295-0,577). El instrumento tuvo buena consistencia interna (alfa de Cronbach = 0,699), asi como buena fiabilidad (CCI = 0,931). El DSa presento un coeficiente de correlacion con el DS de 0,517; una media de las diferencias de 1,19 puntos y un indice kappa ponderado de 0,450 (IC del 95% = 0,366-0,532). Conclusiones El DSa presenta una moderada reproductibilidad y una buena correlacion y concordancia con el DS, por lo que puede ser una herramienta util en Atencion Primaria para valorar la adherencia a la dieta mediterranea.

La autora principal (garante responsable del manuscrito) afirma que este manuscrito es un reporte honesto, preciso y transparente del estudio que se remite a Gaceta Sanitaria, que no se han omitido aspectos importantes del estudio, y que las discrepancias del estudio según lo previsto (y, si son relevantes, registradas) se han explicado., A la Dra. Gemma Castaño Vinyals y al Dr. Manolis Kogevinas por su colaboración en el proyecto., Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar la asociación entre antecedentes familiares (AF) de primer grado y cáncer colorrectal (CCR). Método: Se incluyeron 2857 controles y 1360 casos de CCR, del estudio MCC-Spain. La odds ratio (OR) y el intervalo de confianza del 95% (IC95%) de los AF de primer grado y el CCR se estimaron mediante regresión logística no condicional según la localización tumoral en los casos. Resultados: Los AF de primer grado duplicaron el riesgo de CCR (OR: 2,19;IC95%: 1,80-2,66), incrementándose en aquellos que presentaban dos o más (OR: 4,22; IC95%: 2,29-7,78) y en aquellos cuyos familiares fueron diagnosticados antes de los 50 anos ˜ (OR: 3,24; IC95%: 1,52-6,91). Presentar AF se relacionó con estilos de vida como un menor consumo de vegetales. En cuanto a la asociación de los AF con la localización no se observaron diferencias significativas entre colon y recto, pero sí en la relación de estas con la edad de diagnóstico, presentando más AF los diagnosticados antes de los 50 anos ˜ (OR: 4,79; IC95%: 2,65-8,65). Conclusiones: Presentar AF de primer grado de CCR aumenta las probabilidades de desarrollar este cáncer, y también se elevan cuando el familiar es diagnosticado a edad temprana. Por ello, debe ser una población diana sobre la que incrementar las medidas de prevención., Objective: To evaluate the association between first-degree family history and colorectal cancer (CRC). Method: We analyzed data from 2857 controls and 1360 CRC cases, collected in the MCC-Spain project. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) of association with the family history of CRC was estimated by non-conditional logistic regression. Results: First-degree relatives doubled the risk of CRC (OR: 2.19; 95% CI: 1.80–2.66), increasing in those with two or more (OR: 4.22; 95% CI: 2.29–7.78) and in those whose relatives were diagnosed before 50 years (OR: 3.24; 95% CI: 1.52–6.91). Regarding the association of the family history with the location, no significant differences were observed between colon and rectum, but there were in the relation of these with the age of diagnosis, having more relatives those diagnosed before 50 years (OR: 4.79; 95% CI: 2.65–8.65). Conclusions: First-degree relatives of CRC increase the chances of developing this tumor,they also increase when the relative is diagnosed at an early age. Therefore, it must be a target population on which to carry out prevention measures., El estudio fue parcialmente financiado por la «Acción Transversal del Cáncer», aprobada por el Consejo del Ministerio de España el 11 de octubre de 2007, por el Instituto de Salud Carlos III-FEDER (PI08 / 1770, PI08 / 0533, PI08 / 1359, PS09 / 00773-Cantabria, PS09 / 01286-León, PS09 / 01903-Valencia, PS09 / 02078-Huelva, PS09 / 01662-Granada, PI11 / 01403, PI11 / 01889-FEDER, PI11 / 00226, PI11 / 01810, PI11 / 02213, PI12 / 00488, PI12 / 00265, PI12 / 01270, PI12 / 00715, PI12 / 00150, PI14 / 01219, PI14 / 0613, PI15 / 00069, PI15 / 00914, PI15 / 01032, PI17CIII / 00034), así como a través de CIBERESP CB06/02/0073, cofinanciado por el Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER). También cuenta con el apoyo de la Fundación Marqués de Valdecilla (API 10/09), el ICGC International Cancer Genome Consortium CLL (el proyecto ICGC CLL-Genome Project está financiado por el Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad española través del Instituto de Salud Carlos III y la Red Temática de Investigación del Cáncer del Instituto de Salud Carlos III [RD12 / 0036/0036]), la Junta de Castilla y León (LE22A10-2), la Consejería de Salud de la Junta de Andalucía (PI-0571-2009, PI-0306-2011, salud201200057018tra), la Conselleria de Sanitat de la Generalitat Valenciana (AP 061/10), RecerCaixa (2010ACUP 00310), el Gobierno Regional del País Vasco, la Consejería de Sanidad de la Región de Murcia, la Comisión Europea de subvenciones FOOD-CT-2006-036224-HIWATE, la Fundación Científica de la Asociación Española Contra el Cáncer (AECC), la Generalitat de Catalunya - Agencia de Gestión Universitaria e Investigación Becas (AGAUR) y 2017SGR01085. Becas 2017SGR723 y 2014SGR850 de la Fundación Caja de Ahorros de Asturias y de la Universidad de Oviedo. ISGlobal agradece el apoyo del Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación de España través del Programa Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa 2019-2023 (CEX2018-000806-S), y el apoyo de la Generalitat de Catalunya a través del Programa CERCA. M. Rubín-García cuenta con el apoyo del Ministerio de Educación de España (FPU17/06488).

The aim was to assess the effect of adherence to the Mediterranean Diet, measured with five different indexes, on the risk of gastric cancer. Data come from the multicase-control study MCC—Spain, which included 354 gastric cancer cases and 3040 controls with data on diet. We used five indexes to evaluate adherence to the Mediterranean diet and assess the association between each pattern with the risk of gastric cancer, using multivariate logistic regression. The analyses were performed for the whole set of gastric cancer cases, by anatomical location (cardia and non-cardia) and by histological type (intestinal and diffuse). According to the used index, a high adherence protects one from gastric cancer (between 48% (aOR = 0.52, CI 95% = 0.28–0.94) and 75% (aOR = 0.25, CI 95% = 0.12–0.52)), from non-cardia (between 48% (aOR = 0.52, CI 95% = 0.36–0.75) and 65% (aOR = 0.35, CI 95% = 0.23–0.52)), and from the intestinal type (between 41% (aOR = 0.59, CI 95% = 0.36–0.95) and 72% (aOR = 0.28, CI 95% = 0.16–0.50)), but not from the diffuse type. In conclusion, high adherence to a Mediterranean diet pattern is a protective factor for the risk of gastric cancer, with greater adherence leading to greater protection.

Background and aims: Previous studies, mainly focused on quantity rather than variety, have shown beneficial associations between the amount of fruit and vegetable consumed, diet quality and healthy lifestyle. The aim is to evaluate the association between fruit and vegetable consumption, diet quality and lifestyle in an elderly Mediterranean population, considering both variety and the combination of quantity and variety (QV). Methods: A cross-sectional analysis of 6647 participants (51.6% of males) was conducted in the framework of the PREDIMED-Plus study. A variety score was created as the sum of vegetables and/or fruits consumed at least once per month using food frequency questionnaires. Dietary Reference Intakes (EAR and IA values) were used to estimate the prevalence of inadequate intake of dietary fiber and micro nutrients. Logistic regression models were performed to examine the association between fruit and vegetable consumption and not meeting the DRIs, by tertiles of fruit and vegetable variety and QV categories. Results: Participants with higher fruit and vegetable variety score reported a significant higher intake of fiber, vitamins, minerals and flavonoids and were significantly more likely to be physically active and non-smoker. Besides, higher variety in fruit and vegetable consumption was associated with lower prevalence of having an inadequate intake of fiber [(0.13 (0.11-0.16)], two or more [(0.17 (0.14-0.21)], three or more [(0.15 (0.13-0.18)] and four or more [(0.11 (0.10-0.14)] micronutrients in our participants. Higher quantity and variety in fruit and vegetable consumption was associated with lower prevalence of having an inadequate intake of fiber [(0.05 (0.04-0.06)], two or more [(0.08 (0.06-0.10)], three or more [(0.08 (0.06-0.09)] and four or more [(0.06 (0.05-0.07)] micronutrients. Conclusion: Greater variety in fruit and vegetable intake was associated with better nutrient adequacy, diet quality and healthier lifestyle in an elderly Mediterranean population. (c) 2021 Elsevier Ltd and European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism. All rights reserved.

Introduction: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major public health problem, both in terms of incidence and mortality. Lifestyle, particularly diet, plays an important role in the development of this ca...

OBJECTIVE The long-term impact of intentional weight loss on cardiovascular events remains unknown. We describe 12-month changes in body weight and cardiovascular risk factors in PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea (PREDIMED)-Plus, a trial designed to evaluate the long-term effectiveness of an intensive weight loss lifestyle intervention on primary cardiovascular prevention. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Overweight/obese adults with metabolic syndrome aged 55–75 years (n = 626) were randomized to an intensive weight loss lifestyle intervention based on an energy-restricted Mediterranean diet, physical activity promotion, and behavioral support (IG) or a control group (CG). The primary and secondary outcomes were changes in weight and cardiovascular risk markers, respectively. RESULTS Diet and physical activity changes were in the expected direction, with significant improvements in IG versus CG. After 12 months, IG participants lost an average of 3.2 kg vs. 0.7 kg in the CG (P < 0.001), a mean difference of −2.5 kg (95% CI −3.1 to −1.9). Weight loss ≥5% occurred in 33.7% of IG participants compared with 11.9% in the CG (P < 0.001). Compared with the CG, cardiovascular risk factors, including waist circumference, fasting glucose, triglycerides, and HDL cholesterol, significantly improved in IG participants (P < 0.002). Reductions in insulin resistance, HbA1c, and circulating levels of leptin, interleukin-18, and MCP-1 were greater in IG than CG participants (P < 0.05). IG participants with prediabetes/diabetes significantly improved glycemic control and insulin sensitivity, along with triglycerides and HDL cholesterol levels compared with their CG counterparts. CONCLUSIONS PREDIMED-Plus intensive lifestyle intervention for 12 months was effective in decreasing adiposity and improving cardiovascular risk factors in overweight/obese older adults with metabolic syndrome, as well as in individuals with or at risk for diabetes.

Background The CUN-BAE (Clínica Universidad de Navarra-Body adiposity estimator) index is an anthropometric index based on age, sex and body mass index (BMI) for a refined prediction of body fatness in adults. CUN-BAE may help detect metabolically unhealthy individuals with otherwise normal weight according to BMI or waist circumference (WC). The aim of this study was to evaluate whether CUN-BAE, independent of its components (BMI, age and sex), was associated with cardiometabolic conditions including arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome (MetS). Methods The ENRICA study was based on a cross-sectional sample of non-institutionalized men and women representative of the adult Spanish population. Body weight, height, and WC were measured in all participants. The residual of CUN-BAE (rCUN-BAE), i.e. the part of the index not explained by its components, was calculated. The associations of CUN-BAE, rCUN-BAE, BMI and WC with hypertension, diabetes and MetS were analysed by multivariate logistic regression, and the Akaike information criterion (AIC) was calculated. Results The sample included 12,122 individuals. rCUN-BAE was associated with hypertension (OR 1.14, 95% CI 1.07–1.21) and MetS (OR 1.48, 1.37–1.60), but not with diabetes (OR 1.05, 0.94–1.16). In subjects with a BMI < 25 kg/m2, CUN-BAE was significantly associated with all three outcome variables. CUN-BAE was more strongly associated with the cardiometabolic conditions than BMI and WC and fit similar AICs. Conclusions The CUN-BAE index for body fatness was positively associated with hypertension, diabetes and MetS in adults independent of BMI or WC. CUN-BAE may help to identify individuals with cardiometabolic conditions beyond BMI, but this needs to be confirmed in prospective settings., The ENRICA study was funded and financed by Sanofi- Aventis. Specific funding for this analysis came from the governmental Spain FIS PI12/1166 and PI11/01379 projects and from the “UAM Chair in Epidemiology and Control of Cardiovascular Risk”.