23 results on '"Laurén, Anna"'
Search Results
2. Finding our way in the In Vitro Diagnostic Medical Devices Regulation: a discussion paper from the European Bioanalysis Forum
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Timmerman, Philip, primary, Laurén, Anna, additional, Nelson, Robert, additional, and Barfield, Matthew, additional
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- 2024
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3. Clinicogenomic factors of biotherapy immunogenicity in autoimmune disease: A prospective multicohort study of the ABIRISK consortium
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Hässler, Signe, Bachelet, Delphine, Duhaze, Julianne, Szely, Natacha, Gleizes, Aude, Hacein-Bey Abina, Salima, Aktas, Orhan, Auer, Michael, Avouac, Jerôme, Birchler, Mary, Bouhnik, Yoram, Brocq, Olivier, Buck-Martin, Dorothea, Cadiot, Guillaume, Carbonnel, Franck, Chowers, Yehuda, Comabella, Manuel, Derfuss, Tobias, De Vries, Niek, Donnellan, Naoimh, Doukani, Abiba, Guger, Michael, Hartung, Hans-Peter, Kubala Havrdova, Eva, Hemmer, Bernhard, Huizinga, Tom, Ingenhoven, Kathleen, Hyldgaard-Jensen, Poul Erik, Jury, Elizabeth C., Khalil, Michael, Kieseier, Bernd, Laurén, Anna, Lindberg, Raija, Loercher, Amy, Maggi, Enrico, Manson, Jessica, Mauri, Claudia, Mohand Oumoussa, Badreddine, Montalban, Xavier, Nachury, Maria, Nytrova, Petra, Richez, Christophe, Ryner, Malin, Sellebjerg, Finn, Sievers, Claudia, Sikkema, Dan, Soubrier, Martin, Tourdot, Sophie, Trang, Caroline, Vultaggio, Alessandra, Warnke, Clemens, Spindeldreher, Sebastian, Dönnes, Pierre, Hickling, Timothy P., Hincelin Mery, Agnès, Allez, Matthieu, Deisenhammer, Florian, Fogdell-Hahn, Anna, Mariette, Xavier, Pallardy, Marc, and Broët, Philippe
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Autoimmune diseases -- Drug therapy -- Genetic aspects ,Biopharmaceuticals -- Usage -- Complications and side effects ,Immune response -- Genetic aspects -- Health aspects ,Biological sciences - Abstract
Background Biopharmaceutical products (BPs) are widely used to treat autoimmune diseases, but immunogenicity limits their efficacy for an important proportion of patients. Our knowledge of patient-related factors influencing the occurrence of antidrug antibodies (ADAs) is still limited. Methods and findings The European consortium ABIRISK (Anti-Biopharmaceutical Immunization: prediction and analysis of clinical relevance to minimize the RISK) conducted a clinical and genomic multicohort prospective study of 560 patients with multiple sclerosis (MS, n = 147), rheumatoid arthritis (RA, n = 229), Crohn's disease (n = 148), or ulcerative colitis (n = 36) treated with 8 different biopharmaceuticals (etanercept, n = 84; infliximab, n = 101; adalimumab, n = 153; interferon [IFN]-beta-1a intramuscularly [IM], n = 38; IFN-beta-1a subcutaneously [SC], n = 68; IFN-beta-1b SC, n = 41; rituximab, n = 31; tocilizumab, n = 44) and followed during the first 12 months of therapy for time to ADA development. From the bioclinical data collected, we explored the relationships between patient-related factors and the occurrence of ADAs. Both baseline and time-dependent factors such as concomitant medications were analyzed using Cox proportional hazard regression models. Mean age and disease duration were 35.1 and 0.85 years, respectively, for MS; 54.2 and 3.17 years for RA; and 36.9 and 3.69 years for inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). In a multivariate Cox regression model including each of the clinical and genetic factors mentioned hereafter, among the clinical factors, immunosuppressants (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 0.408 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.253-0.657], p < 0.001) and antibiotics (aHR = 0.121 [0.0437-0.333], p < 0.0001) were independently negatively associated with time to ADA development, whereas infections during the study (aHR = 2.757 [1.616-4.704], p < 0.001) and tobacco smoking (aHR = 2.150 [1.319-3.503], p < 0.01) were positively associated. 351,824 Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) and 38 imputed Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) alleles were analyzed through a genome-wide association study. We found that the HLA-DQA1*05 allele significantly increased the rate of immunogenicity (aHR = 3.9 [1.923-5.976], p < 0.0001 for the homozygotes). Among the 6 genetic variants selected at a 20% false discovery rate (FDR) threshold, the minor allele of rs10508884, which is situated in an intron of the CXCL12 gene, increased the rate of immunogenicity (aHR = 3.804 [2.139-6.764], p < 1 x 10.sup.-5 for patients homozygous for the minor allele) and was chosen for validation through a CXCL12 protein enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) on patient serum at baseline before therapy start. CXCL12 protein levels were higher for patients homozygous for the minor allele carrying higher ADA risk (mean: 2,693 pg/ml) than for the other genotypes (mean: 2,317 pg/ml; p = 0.014), and patients with CXCL12 levels above the median in serum were more prone to develop ADAs (aHR = 2.329 [1.106-4.90], p = 0.026). A limitation of the study is the lack of replication; therefore, other studies are required to confirm our findings. Conclusion In our study, we found that immunosuppressants and antibiotics were associated with decreased risk of ADA development, whereas tobacco smoking and infections during the study were associated with increased risk. We found that the HLA-DQA1*05 allele was associated with an increased rate of immunogenicity. Moreover, our results suggest a relationship between CXCL12 production and ADA development independent of the disease, which is consistent with its known function in affinity maturation of antibodies and plasma cell survival. Our findings may help physicians in the management of patients receiving biotherapies., Author(s): Signe Hässler 1,2,3,*, Delphine Bachelet 1,4, Julianne Duhaze 1,5, Natacha Szely 6, Aude Gleizes 6,7, Salima Hacein-Bey Abina 7,8, Orhan Aktas 9, Michael Auer 10, Jerôme Avouac 11,12, Mary [...]
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- 2020
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4. Conference Report from the European Bioanalysis Forum Workshop: toward harmonized implementation of the ICH M10 guideline
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Timmerman, Philip, primary, Barfield, Matthew, additional, Cowan, Kyra, additional, Ferrari, Luca, additional, Golob, Michaela, additional, Goodman, Joanne, additional, Kall, Morten, additional, Laurén, Anna, additional, Love, Iain, additional, McDougall, Stuart, additional, Nelson, Robert, additional, Pynaert, Gwenda, additional, Staack, Roland F, additional, Verhaeghe, Tom, additional, and White, Steve, additional
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- 2022
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5. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction in the bioanalytical laboratory and technical and scientific considerations for nonclinical and clinical assay characterization, validation and sample analysis
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Laurén, Anna, primary, Braun, Manuela, additional, Cazzin, Chiara, additional, Colleti, Kelly, additional, Cox, Chris, additional, Dietz, Lisa, additional, Emrich, Thomas, additional, Geddes, Kristin, additional, Herr, Kate, additional, Iles, Tracy, additional, Rogue, Alexandra, additional, Verlinden, Yvan, additional, and Timmerman, Philip, additional
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- 2022
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6. Biomarker context-of-use: how organizational design can impact the implementation of the appropriate biomarker assay strategy
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J Cowan, Kyra, primary, Golob, Michaela, additional, Goodman, Joanne, additional, Laurén, Anna, additional, Andersen, Lene, additional, Decker, Philip De, additional, Dejager, Lien, additional, Fjording, Marianne Scheel, additional, Groenen, Peter, additional, Jasnowski, Renaud, additional, Justies, Nicole, additional, Kimberg, Matti, additional, Kunz, Ulrich, additional, Lawrence, James, additional, Richter, Mario, additional, Sordé, Laetitia, additional, Trigt, Radboud van, additional, Vermet, Laurent, additional, Vitaliti, Alessandra, additional, Wright, Michael, additional, and Timmerman, Philip, additional
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- 2022
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7. Källkritik och krig : propaganda, desinformation och lögner
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Lagercrantz, Anne, Laurén, Anna-Lena, Nilsson, Maria, Nygren, Gunnar, Taradai, Daria, Wangsson, Charlotte, Widholm, Andreas, Lagercrantz, Anne, Laurén, Anna-Lena, Nilsson, Maria, Nygren, Gunnar, Taradai, Daria, Wangsson, Charlotte, and Widholm, Andreas
- Abstract
Krigsrapporteringen från Ukraina utmanar redaktionernas resurser för att kontrollera vad som är sant och falskt. I rapporten Källkritik och krig presenteras en granskning av hur redaktionerna hanterar desinformation och säkerställer trovärdighet i svenska mediers rapportering under krigets sex första veckor. Slutsatsen är att det är ovanligt att redaktionerna verifierar den egna rapporteringen, vilket istället överlåts på utländska nyhetsbyråer och medier. Den övervägande delen av den svenska bevakningen görs på distans. Rapporten visar också hur Ryssland sedan flera år systematiskt skadar, smädar och styr bilden av Sverige. En direktrapport från Ukraina ger en inblick i hur oklar strategin är för den inhemska bevakningen av kriget. Institutet för mediestudier vill med den här rapporten fördjupa diskussionen om källkritik och faktagranskning i krigs- och konfliktapportering.
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- 2022
8. Applying context of use to quantitative polymerase chain reaction method validation and analysis: a recommendation from the European Bioanalysis Forum
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Laurén, Anna, primary, Braun, Manuela, additional, Byrne, Paul, additional, Cazzin, Chiara, additional, Colletti, Kelly, additional, Cox, Chris, additional, Dietz, Lisa, additional, Emrich, Thomas, additional, Geddes, Kristin, additional, Herr, Kate, additional, Iles, Tracy, additional, Rogue, Alexandra, additional, Verlinden, Yvan, additional, and Timmerman, Philip, additional
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- 2021
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9. Recommendations and discussion points on immunogenicity, biomarkers, automation/technology and protein–MS from the 2021 European Bioanalysis Forum Focus Workshops
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Timmerman, Philip, primary, Barfield, Matthew, additional, Cowan, Kyra, additional, Golob, Michaela, additional, Goodman, Joanne, additional, Kunz, Ulrich, additional, Laurén, Anna, additional, Love, Iain, additional, Nelson, Robert, additional, Staack, Roland F, additional, Stanta, Johannes, additional, van de Merbel, Nico, additional, and Wilson, Amanda, additional
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- 2021
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10. Neutralizing activity and cellular immune responses induced in mice after immunization with apoptotic HIV-1/murine leukemia virus infected cells
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Hinkula, Jorma, Walther-Jallow, Lilian, Laurén, Anna, Mäkitalo, Barbro, Öberg, Monica, Wahren, Britta, Fenyö, Eva-Maria, and Spetz, Anna-Lena
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- 2009
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11. A strategic approach to nonclinical immunogenicity assessment: a recommendation from the European Bioanalysis Forum
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Laurén, Anna, primary, Goodman, Joanne, additional, Blaes, Jonas, additional, Cook, John, additional, Cowan, Kyra J, additional, Dahlbäck, Madeleine, additional, Grudzinska-Goebel, Joanna, additional, McManus, Deborah, additional, Nelson, Robert, additional, Pihl, Susanne, additional, and Timmerman, Philip, additional
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- 2021
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12. Clinicogenomic factors of biotherapy immunogenicity in autoimmune disease:A prospective multicohort study of the ABIRISK consortium
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Hässler, Signe, Bachelet, Delphine, Duhaze, Julianne, Szely, Natacha, Gleizes, Aude, Hacein-Bey Abina, Salima, Aktas, Orhan, Auer, Michael, Avouac, Jerôme, Birchler, Mary, Bouhnik, Yoram, Brocq, Olivier, Buck-Martin, Dorothea, Cadiot, Guillaume, Carbonnel, Franck, Chowers, Yehuda, Comabella, Manuel, Derfuss, Tobias, De Vries, Niek, Donnellan, Naoimh, Doukani, Abiba, Guger, Michael, Hartung, Hans-Peter, Kubala Havrdova, Eva, Hemmer, Bernhard, Huizinga, Tom, Ingenhoven, Kathleen, Hyldgaard-Jensen, Poul Erik, Jury, Elizabeth C, Khalil, Michael, Kieseier, Bernd, Laurén, Anna, Lindberg, Raija, Loercher, Amy, Maggi, Enrico, Manson, Jessica, Mauri, Claudia, Mohand Oumoussa, Badreddine, Montalban, Xavier, Nachury, Maria, Nytrova, Petra, Richez, Christophe, Ryner, Malin, Sellebjerg, Finn, Sievers, Claudia, Sikkema, Dan, Soubrier, Martin, Tourdot, Sophie, Trang, Caroline, Vultaggio, Alessandra, Hässler, Signe, Bachelet, Delphine, Duhaze, Julianne, Szely, Natacha, Gleizes, Aude, Hacein-Bey Abina, Salima, Aktas, Orhan, Auer, Michael, Avouac, Jerôme, Birchler, Mary, Bouhnik, Yoram, Brocq, Olivier, Buck-Martin, Dorothea, Cadiot, Guillaume, Carbonnel, Franck, Chowers, Yehuda, Comabella, Manuel, Derfuss, Tobias, De Vries, Niek, Donnellan, Naoimh, Doukani, Abiba, Guger, Michael, Hartung, Hans-Peter, Kubala Havrdova, Eva, Hemmer, Bernhard, Huizinga, Tom, Ingenhoven, Kathleen, Hyldgaard-Jensen, Poul Erik, Jury, Elizabeth C, Khalil, Michael, Kieseier, Bernd, Laurén, Anna, Lindberg, Raija, Loercher, Amy, Maggi, Enrico, Manson, Jessica, Mauri, Claudia, Mohand Oumoussa, Badreddine, Montalban, Xavier, Nachury, Maria, Nytrova, Petra, Richez, Christophe, Ryner, Malin, Sellebjerg, Finn, Sievers, Claudia, Sikkema, Dan, Soubrier, Martin, Tourdot, Sophie, Trang, Caroline, and Vultaggio, Alessandra
- Abstract
BACKGROUND: Biopharmaceutical products (BPs) are widely used to treat autoimmune diseases, but immunogenicity limits their efficacy for an important proportion of patients. Our knowledge of patient-related factors influencing the occurrence of antidrug antibodies (ADAs) is still limited.METHODS AND FINDINGS: The European consortium ABIRISK (Anti-Biopharmaceutical Immunization: prediction and analysis of clinical relevance to minimize the RISK) conducted a clinical and genomic multicohort prospective study of 560 patients with multiple sclerosis (MS, n = 147), rheumatoid arthritis (RA, n = 229), Crohn's disease (n = 148), or ulcerative colitis (n = 36) treated with 8 different biopharmaceuticals (etanercept, n = 84; infliximab, n = 101; adalimumab, n = 153; interferon [IFN]-beta-1a intramuscularly [IM], n = 38; IFN-beta-1a subcutaneously [SC], n = 68; IFN-beta-1b SC, n = 41; rituximab, n = 31; tocilizumab, n = 44) and followed during the first 12 months of therapy for time to ADA development. From the bioclinical data collected, we explored the relationships between patient-related factors and the occurrence of ADAs. Both baseline and time-dependent factors such as concomitant medications were analyzed using Cox proportional hazard regression models. Mean age and disease duration were 35.1 and 0.85 years, respectively, for MS; 54.2 and 3.17 years for RA; and 36.9 and 3.69 years for inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). In a multivariate Cox regression model including each of the clinical and genetic factors mentioned hereafter, among the clinical factors, immunosuppressants (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 0.408 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.253-0.657], p < 0.001) and antibiotics (aHR = 0.121 [0.0437-0.333], p < 0.0001) were independently negatively associated with time to ADA development, whereas infections during the study (aHR = 2.757 [1.616-4.704], p < 0.001) and tobacco smoking (aHR = 2.150 [1.319-3.503], p < 0.01) were positively associated.
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- 2020
13. CD4-independent use of the CCR5 receptor by sequential primary SIVsm isolates
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Thorstensson Rigmor, Hoshino Hiroo, Vincic Elzbieta, Laurén Anna, and Fenyö Eva
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Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,RC581-607 - Abstract
Abstract Background CD4-independence has been taken as a sign of a more open envelope structure that is more accessible to neutralizing antibodies and may confer altered cell tropism. In the present study, we analyzed SIVsm isolates for CD4-independent use of CCR5, mode of CCR5-use and macrophage tropism. The isolates have been collected sequentially from 13 experimentally infected cynomolgus macaques and have previously been shown to use CCR5 together with CD4. Furthermore, viruses obtained early after infection were neutralization sensitive, while neutralization resistance appeared already three months after infection in monkeys with progressive immunodeficiency. Results Depending whether isolated early or late in infection, two phenotypes of CD4-independent use of CCR5 could be observed. The inoculum virus (SIVsm isolate SMM-3) and reisolates obtained early in infection often showed a pronounced CD4-independence since virus production and/or syncytia induction could be detected directly in NP-2 cells expressing CCR5 but not CD4 (CD4-independent-HIGH). Conversely, late isolates were often more CD4-dependent in that productive infection in NP-2/CCR5 cells was in most cases weak and was revealed only after cocultivation of infected NP-2/CCR5 cells with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (CD4-independent-LOW). Considering neutralization sensitivity of these isolates, newly infected macaques often harbored virus populations with a CD4-independent-HIGH and neutralization sensitive phenotype that changed to a CD4-independent-LOW and neutralization resistant virus population in the course of infection. Phenotype changes occurred faster in progressor than long-term non-progressor macaques. The phenotypes were not reflected by macrophage tropism, since all isolates replicated efficiently in macrophages. Infection of cells expressing CCR5/CXCR4 chimeric receptors revealed that SIVsm used the CCR5 receptor in a different mode than HIV-1. Conclusion Our results show that SIVsm isolates use CCR5 independently of CD4. While the degree of CD4 independence and neutralization sensitivity vary over time, the ability to productively infect monocyte-derived macrophages remains at a steady high level throughout infection. The mode of CCR5 use differs between SIVsm and HIV-1, SIVsm appears to be more flexible than HIV-1 in its receptor requirement. We suggest that the mode of CCR5 coreceptor use and CD4-independence are interrelated properties.
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- 2007
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14. Effekten av fysisk aktivitet på exekutivafunktioner hos barn med ADHD : En deskriptiv litteraturstudie
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Larsson Müller, Henning and Laurén, Anna-Sara
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barn ,Omvårdnad ,ADHD ,Nursing ,effekt ,fysisk aktivitet - Abstract
Bakgrund: Exekutiva nedsättningar som koncentrationssvårigheter, problem medimpulskontroll och arbetsminne hos barn med ADHD kan innebära svårigheter medskolarbete och vardagssysslor på ett normativt sätt. Låg självkänsla, lägre skolprestationoch uppvisade symtom på depression är påvisat bland barn med ADHD. Långvarigtstillasittande och inaktivitet har negativ effekt på barns fysiska och psykiska hälsa,samtidigt säger evidens att fysisk aktivitet höjer skolprestation, förbättrar hjärnansstruktur, minne och samordning av exekutiva funktioner. Syfte: Var att undersöka effekten av fysisk aktivitet på exekutiva funktioner hos barnmed ADHD. Även att ta reda på vilka dataanalysmetoder som de inkluderade artiklarnaanvänt. Metod: Var att sammanställa resultaten av tretton kvantitativa artiklar i en deskriptivlitteraturstudie. Huvudresultat: Effekten av fysisk aktivitet, oavsett form, förbättrar signifikantexekutiva funktionerna: koncentration, impulskontroll och arbetsminne hos barn medADHD. Resultatet pekar även på ett samband mellan förbättrar exekutiva funktioneroch effekten av måttlig- till högintensiv fysisk aktivitet där en effektstorlek på n 2 > 0,1eller d > 0,60 har påvisats. Resultatet av den metodologiska frågeställningen påvisar attmajoriteten av valda artiklar använde ANOVA, Chi-square, Cohen´s d, Bonferroni,Shapiro Wilks och Leven´s test. Slutsats: Fysisk aktivitet, oavsett form, som höjer pulsen måttligt- till högintensivtförbättrar förmågan att fokusera, bibehålla- och rikta fokus, inleda- och avslutauppgifter, medvetandehålla och arbeta information under kortare tidsperioder hos barnmed ADHD. Genom Sjuksköterskan kan kunskapen om att måttlig- till högintensivfysisk aktivitet förbättrade exekutiva funktioner hjälpa barn med ADHD i deras dagligaliv och bidra till hälsa.
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- 2017
15. Virus tropism and neutralization response in SIV infection
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Laurén, Anna
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Medicin (människa och djur) ,coreceptor use ,Natural science ,viruses ,pathogenesis ,virus diseases ,HIV ,macrophage tropism ,neutralization ,CD4-independence ,Microbiology in the medical area ,mode of CCR5 use ,SIV ,Naturvetenskap ,evolution ,Medicine (human and vertebrates) - Abstract
Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infections in macaques are commonly used as models to study the pathogenesis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Both SIV and HIV normally use the CD4 receptor and an additional coreceptor for cell entry. The most common coreceptors used by HIV are CCR5 and CXCR4. SIV use CCR5 and rarely CXCR4 but may use other coreceptors as alternatives. We have studied virus tropism and evolution of the humoral immune response in relation to pathogenesis in cynomolgus macaques experimentally infected with SIVsm (of sooty mangabey origin) by intravenous (IV) or intrarectal (IR) route. Route of transmission did not influence disease progression or virus tropism. CCR5 was the major coreceptor used and isolates were in general multitropic, using CCR5, CXCR6 and/or gpr15. Furthermore, both macrophages and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) could be readily infected with all the SIVsm reisolates. CXCR4-using viruses could be isolated, but only when human cells were used for virus isolation. Human cells may also select for virus variants with increased CD4-dependence. Comparisons of SIV and HIV-1 showed differences in mode of CCR5 use which in turn may explain the CD4-independence of SIVsm. Virus production after CD4-independent infection occurred both intracellularly and extracellularly. Neutralizing antibodies appeared earlier in IV-infected animals than in IR-infected animals. In progressors, this early humoral immune response was accompanied by early appearance of neutralization resistant variants. The majority of monkeys with progressive disease showed broadening of coreceptor use, stable coreceptor use or fluctuation in the use of different coreceptors. Viruses maintained effective replication in macrophages and PBMC and evolved to escape neutralizing antibodies already at three months after infection. In contrast, viruses from long-term non-progressor (LTNP) monkeys became less fit as shown by decreased frequency of successful virus isolations, narrowing of coreceptor use or stable CCR5 use and evolution to a more limited macrophage-tropism. Appearance of neutralization escape variants was delayed as compared to the early neutralization resistance in progressors. Neutralization resistance, whenever evident correlated with increased CD4-dependence in LTNP monkeys. Sedan 1981, då de första fallen av AIDS beskrevs, har 25 miljoner människor dött på grund av att de har blivit smittade av immunbristviruset HIV . Det finns idag mer än 40 miljoner människor som lever med HIV eller AIDS. SIV är apsläktets variant på HIV och orsakar normalt ingen sjukdom hos sina värddjur som är olika afrikanska apor, men då asiatiska apor, t. ex. makaker, blir smittade av SIV utvecklar de en immunbristsjukdom som liknar AIDS hos människor. HIV tros ha uppstått genom att människor har jagat och ätit kött från afrikanska apor och att SIV har förändrats så att det kan smitta från människa till människa. SIV-infektion hos makaker används som en modell för att förstå HIV så man kan utveckla nya mediciner och förhoppningsvis vaccin. Det finns idag inga botemedel för sjukdomen, däremot finns det ett antal bromsmediciner som förlänger livslängden och minskar symptomen för HIV-smittade. Virus består av en bit arvsmassa (DNA eller RNA) som omges av ett proteinhölje och alla virus kräver levande celler och cellernas förmåga att kopiera arvsmassa för att bli fler. När HIV har infekterat en cell kommer virusets arvsmassa att infogas i cellens DNA och cellen kan aldrig bli fri från virussmittan igen. För att ta sig in i och infektera en cell använder virus speciella proteinstrukturer på cellens utsida, så kallade receptorer. Receptorer används normalt för kommunikation mellan celler och är viktiga för normala kroppsfunktioner. HIV angriper immunförsvarets celler som bär på speciella receptorer. För att ta sig in i en cell kräver HIV två receptorer. Man har sedan länge känt till att den primära receptorn är CD4, medan den andra receptorn, coreceptorn, kan variera mellan ett tiotal olika receptorer. Av dessa coreceptorer använder HIV oftast två, CCR5 eller CXCR4, medan SIV oftast använder CCR5 och mycket sällan CXCR4. Ett problem med virus, speciellt HIV, är att när de kopieras och blir fler sker ofta små misstag, så kallade mutationer. Dessa mutationer ger upphov till att det finns en mängd olika varianter av HIV som kan infektera människor. Mutationer gör att virus kan variera användandet av coreceptorer samt att virus kan undvika immunförsvaret eftersom de nya varianterna inte känns igen. Mutationerna orsakar även resistens mot bromsmediciner. I denna avhandling jämförde vi virus (så kallade virus-isolat) från 30 krabbmakaker (Macaca fascicularis) som hade infekterats experimentellt med SIV. Åtta av aporna var smittade intravenöst via blodet och 22 av aporna var infekterade intrarektalt via slemhinnor. Aporna utvecklade sjukdom olika snabbt, 18 apor insjuknande snabbt, fem apor långsammare medan sju apor förblev friska länge. Virus hade isolerats från dessa apor olika dagar efter infektionen och vi ville jämföra om infektionsvägen och sjukdomsförloppet spelade någon roll för vilka receptorer och celltyper som virusen utnyttjade. Vi ville även studera hur immunförsvarets antikroppar utvecklades för att hindra att viruset kunde infektera celler (det neutraliserande antikroppssvaret) och när, och till vilken grad, virus muteras för att undvika neutralisation. Våra studier kommer att ge ökade kunskaper om hur SIV och HIV fungerar och främja möjligheterna för utveckling av effektiv behandling och vaccin. För att testa vilka celler och receptorer som var viktiga använde vi olika celltyper och mätte om cellerna kunde infekteras med de olika virus-isolaten. Vi kom fram till att det inte fanns någon skillnad mellan infektion via slemhinnor eller blod för infektion av olika celltyper eller på användandet av receptorer. Däremot fann vi att intravenöst smittade apor utvecklade neutraliserande antikroppar snabbare än intrarektalt smittade apor. Tyvärr gav detta inte något skydd mot sjukdom utan att det verkade snarare som om detta selekterade fram muterade virus som inte kunde kontrolleras av immunförsvaret. CCR5, CXCR6 och gpr15 var de mest använda coreceptorerna. Vi var förvånade över att kunna isolera virus som använde CXCR4. Det är möjligt att när vi odlade virus på humana celler så fick vi fram virus som använde CXCR4 och även virus som var mer beroende av CD4 receptorn. Allmänt var inte SIV-isolaten särskilt beroende av CD4-receptorn utan de kunde även infektera celler som bara hade CCR5 på sin cellyta. Vi fann ett troligt samband mellan hur SIV eller HIV kunde interagera med CCR5 receptorn och hur beroende dessa virus var av CD4-receporn. HIV-1 är mycket beroende av CD4-receptorn och kanske har behovet att binda till CD4 har uppkommit hos människan. Att virus kan infektera celler som inte bär på CD4 gör att antalet målceller i en individ blir fler, och dessutom så verkar det som om nyproducerade viruspartiklar kan gömma sig från immunförsvaret inuti celler. Vid jämförelser mellan olika sjukdomsförlopp fann vi intressanta skillnader. Virus från apor som blev snabbt sjuka bibehöll en effektiv replikationskapacitet i makrofager och i T-celler. Dessa virus kunde även efter hand som sjukdomen utvecklades infektera celler med hjälp av flera olika coreceptorer och dessutom så förändrades virusen redan efter tre månader till att vara resistent mot neutraliserande antikroppar. Apor som förblev friska länge kunde däremot kontrollera virusen bättre. Virus från dessa apor var ofta svårt att isolera eller så var det svårt att få det att växa i olika cellförsök. Speciellt sena virus från dessa apor replikerade dåligt i makrofager och T-celler och använde oftast bara CCR5 som coreceptor. Utöver detta, så muterade inte virus för att fly undan neutraliserande antikroppar lika snabbt hos friska apor som hos sjuka apor. Detta visar att utvecklandet av antikroppar kan vara viktigt för att kontrollera sjukdomsförloppet, men att antikroppar också kan selektera för nya virus varianter.
- Published
- 2006
16. Comparative studies on mucosal and intravenous transmission of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIVsm): the kinetics of evolution to neutralization resistance are related to progression rate of disease.
- Author
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Laurén, Anna, Thorstensson, Rigmor, Fenyö, Eva Maria, Laurén, Anna, Thorstensson, Rigmor, and Fenyö, Eva Maria
- Published
- 2006
17. Comparative studies on mucosal and intravenous transmission of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIVsm): evolution of coreceptor use varies with pathogenic outcome.
- Author
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Laurén, Anna, Vödrös, Dalma, Thorstensson, Rigmor, Fenyö, Eva Maria, Laurén, Anna, Vödrös, Dalma, Thorstensson, Rigmor, and Fenyö, Eva Maria
- Published
- 2006
18. Implications from the SIV model in understanding HIV neutralization
- Author
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Laurén, Anna, primary and Fenyö, Eva Maria, additional
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Biological and Genetic Evolution of HIV Type 1 in Two Siblings with Different Patterns of Disease Progression
- Author
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Ripamonti, Chiara, primary, Leitner, Thomas, additional, Laurén, Anna, additional, Karlsson, Ingrid, additional, Pastore, Angela, additional, Cavarelli, Mariangela, additional, Antonsson, Liselotte, additional, Plebani, Anna, additional, Fenyö, Eva Maria, additional, and Scarlatti, Gabriella, additional
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. CD4-independent use of the CCR5 receptor by sequential primary SIVsm isolates
- Author
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Laurén, Anna, primary, Vincic, Elzbieta, additional, Hoshino, Hiroo, additional, Thorstensson, Rigmor, additional, and Fenyö, Eva, additional
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Comparative studies on mucosal and intravenous transmission of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIVsm): the kinetics of evolution to neutralization resistance are related to progression rate of disease
- Author
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Laurén, Anna, primary, Thorstensson, Rigmor, additional, and Fenyö, Eva Maria, additional
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Comparative studies on mucosal and intravenous transmission of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIVsm): evolution of coreceptor use varies with pathogenic outcome
- Author
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Laurén, Anna, primary, Vödrös, Dalma, additional, Thorstensson, Rigmor, additional, and Fenyö, Eva Maria, additional
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Biomarker context-of-use: how organizational design can impact the implementation of the appropriate biomarker assay strategy.
- Author
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Cowan KJ, Golob M, Goodman J, Laurén A, Andersen L, Decker P, Dejager L, Fjording MS, Groenen P, Jasnowski R, Justies N, Kimberg M, Kunz U, Lawrence J, Richter M, Sordé L, Trigt RV, Vermet L, Vitaliti A, Wright M, and Timmerman P
- Subjects
- Biomarkers analysis, Biological Assay
- Abstract
Since 2011, the European Bioanalysis Forum has been discussing the topic of context-of-use for biomarker assays, in support of a cross-industry implementation of its principles. The discussions have led to the acknowledgement of the challenges that we face as an industry in implementing these principles. In addition to scientific recommendations, the European Bioanalysis Forum has addressed these challenges by providing recommendations on organizational design, and what works in both sponsor and contract research organizations, to support and enable context-of-use across biomarker strategies. Here, we highlight the key considerations for organizational design to help ensure that biomarker assays are characterized and validated according to the right context-of-use, to ensure that the right decisions based on the biomarker data can be made during drug development.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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