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1. MATISSE, the VLTI mid-infrared imaging spectro-interferometer

Author

Lopez, B., Lagarde, S., Petrov, R. G., Jaffe, W., Antonelli, P., Allouche, F., Berio, P., Matter, A., Meilland, A., Millour, F., Robbe-Dubois, S., Henning, Th., Weigelt, G., Glindemann, A., Agocs, T., Bailet, Ch., Beckmann, U., Bettonvil, F., van Boekel, R., Bourget, P., Bresson, Y., Bristow, P., Cruzalèbes, P., Eldswijk, E., Caujolle, Y. Fanteï, Herrera, J. C. González, Graser, U., Guajardo, P., Heininger, M., Hofmann, K. -H., Kroes, G., Laun, W., Lehmitz, M., Leinert, C., Meisenheimer, K., Morel, S., Neumann, U., Paladini, C., Percheron, I., Riquelme, M., Schoeller, M., Stee, Ph., Venema, L., Woillez, J., Zins, G., Ábrahám, P., Abadie, S., Abuter, R., Accardo, M., Adler, T., Alonso, J., Augereau, J. -C., Böhm, A., Bazin, G., Beltran, J., Bensberg, A., Boland, W., Brast, R., Burtscher, L., Castillo, R., Chelli, A., Cid, C., Clausse, J. -M., Connot, C., Conzelmann, R. D., Danchi, W. -C., Delbo, M., Drevon, J., Dominik, C., van Duin, A., Ebert, M., Eisenhauer, F., Flament, S., Frahm, R., Rosas, V. Gámez, Gabasch, A., Gallenne, A., Garces, E., Girard, P., Glazenborg, A., Gonté, F. Y. J., Guitton, F., de Haan, M., Hanenburg, H., Haubois, X., Hocdé, V., Hogerheijde, M., ter Horst, R., Hron, J., Hummel, C. A., Hubin, N., Huerta, R., Idserda, J., Isbell, J. W., Ives, D., Jakob, G., Jaskó, A., Jochum, L., Klarmann, L., Klein, R., Kragt, J., Kuindersma, S., Kokoulina, E., Labadie, L., Lacour, S., Leftley, J., Poole, R. Le, Lizon, J. -L., Lopez, M., Mérand, A., Marcotto, A., Mauclert, N., Maurer, T., Mehrgan, L. H., Meisner, J., Meixner, K., Mellein, M., Menut, J. L., Mohr, L., Mosoni, L., Navarro, R., Nussbaum, E., Pallanca, L., Pantin, E., Pasquini, L., Duc, T. Phan, Pott, J. -U., Pozna, E., Richichi, A., Ridinger, A., Rigal, F., Rivinius, Th., Roelfsema, R., Rohloff, R. -R., Rousseau, S., Salabert, D., Schertl, D., Schuhler, N., Schuil, M., Shabun, K., Soulain, A., Stephan, C., Toledo, P., Tristram, K., Tromp, N., Vakili, F., Varga, J., Vinther, J., Waters, L. B. F. M., Wittkowski, M., Wolf, S., Wrhel, F., and Yoffe, G.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

Context:Optical interferometry is at a key development stage. ESO's VLTI has established a stable, robust infrastructure for long-baseline interferometry for general astronomical observers. The present second-generation instruments offer a wide wavelength coverage and improved performance. Their sensitivity and measurement accuracy lead to data and images of high reliability. Aims:We have developed MATISSE, the Multi AperTure mid-Infrared SpectroScopic Experiment, to access high resolution imaging in a wide spectral domain and explore topics such: stellar activity and mass loss; planet formation and evolution in the gas and dust disks around young stars; accretion processes around super massive black holes in AGN. Methods:The instrument is a spectro-interferometric imager covering three atmospheric bands (L,M,N) from 2.8 to 13.0 mu, combining four optical beams from the VLTI's telscopes. Its concept, related observing procedure, data reduction and calibration approach are the product of 30 years of instrumental research. The instrument utilizes a multi-axial beam combination that delivers spectrally dispersed fringes. The signal provides the following quantities at several spectral resolutions: photometric flux, coherent fluxes, visibilities, closure phases, wavelength differential visibilities and phases, and aperture-synthesis imaging. Results:We provide an overview of the physical principle of the instrument and its functionalities, the characteristics of the delivered signal, a description of the observing modes and of their performance limits. An ensemble of data and reconstructed images are illustrating the first acquired key observations. Conclusion:The instrument has been in operation at Cerro Paranal, ESO, Chile since 2018, and has been open for science use by the international community since April 2019. The first scientific results are being published now., Comment: 24 pages, 26 figures, submitted to Astronomy & Astrophysics

Published
2021
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2. Mid-infrared circumstellar emission of the long-period Cepheid l Carinae resolved with VLTI/MATISSE

Author

Hocdé, V., Nardetto, N., Matter, A., Lagadec, E., Mérand, A., Cruzalèbes, P., Meilland, A., Millour, F., Lopez, B., Berio, P., Weigelt, G., Petrov, R., Isbell, J. W., Jaffe, W., Kervella, P., Glindemann, A., Schöller, M., Allouche, F., Gallenne, A., de Souza, A. Domiciano, Niccolini, G., Kokoulina, E., Varga, J., Lagarde, S., Augereau, J. -C., van Boekel, R., Bristow, P., Henning, Th., Hofmann, K. -H., Zins, G., Danchi, W. -C., Delbo, M., Dominik, C., Rosas, V. Gámez, Klarmann, L., Hron, J., Hogerheijde, M. R., Meisenheimer, K., Pantin, E., Paladini, C., Robbe-Dubois, S., Schertl, D., Stee, P., Waters, R., Lehmitz, M., Bettonvil, F., Heininger, M., Woillez, J., Wolf, S., Yoffe, G., Szabados, L., Chiavassa, A., Borgniet, S., Breuval, L., Javanmardi, B., Ábrahám, P., Abadie, S., Abuter, R., Accardo, M., Adler, T., Agócs, T., Alonso, J., Antonelli, P., Böhm, A., Bailet, C., Bazin, G., Beckmann, U., Beltran, J., Boland, W., Bourget, P., Brast, R., Bresson, Y., Burtscher, L., Buter, R., Castillo, R., Chelli, A., Cid, C., Clausse, J. -M., Connot, C., Conzelmann, R. D., De Haan, M., Ebert, M., Elswijk, E., Fantei, Y., Frahm, R., Gabasch, A., Garces, E., Girard, P., Glazenborg, A., Gonté, F. Y. J., Herrera, J. C. González, Graser, U., Guajardo, P., Guitton, F., Hanenburg, H., Haubois, X., Hubin, N., Huerta, R., Idserda, J., Ives, D., Jakob, G., Jaskó, A., Jochum, L., Klein, R., Kragt, J., Kroes, G., Kuindersma, S., Labadie, L., Laun, W., Poole, R. Le, Leinert, C., Lizon, J. -L., Lopez, M., Marcotto, A., Mauclert, N., Maurer, T., Mehrgan, L. H., Meisner, J., Meixner, K., Mellein, M., Mohr, L., Morel, S., Mosoni, L., Navarro, R., Neumann, U., Nußbaum, E., Pallanca, L., Pasquini, L., Percheron, I., Duc, T. Phan, Pott, J. -U., Pozna, E., Ridinger, A., Rigal, F., Riquelme, M., Rivinius, Th., Roelfsema, R., Rohloff, R. -R., Rousseau, S., Schuhler, N., Schuil, M., Shabun, K., Soulain, A., Stephan, C., ter Horst, R., Tromp, N., Vakili, F., van Duin, A., Venema, L. B., Vinther, J., Wittkowski, M., and Wrhel, F.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract

The nature of circumstellar envelopes (CSE) around Cepheids is still a matter of debate. The physical origin of their infrared (IR) excess could be either a shell of ionized gas, or a dust envelope, or both. This study aims at constraining the geometry and the IR excess of the environment of the long-period Cepheid $\ell$ Car (P=35.5 days) at mid-IR wavelengths to understand its physical nature. We first use photometric observations in various bands and Spitzer Space Telescope spectroscopy to constrain the IR excess of $\ell$ Car. Then, we analyze the VLTI/MATISSE measurements at a specific phase of observation, in order to determine the flux contribution, the size and shape of the environment of the star in the L band. We finally test the hypothesis of a shell of ionized gas in order to model the IR excess. We report the first detection in the L band of a centro-symmetric extended emission around l Car, of about 1.7$R_\star$ in FWHM, producing an excess of about 7.0\% in this band. In the N band, there is no clear evidence for dust emission from VLTI/MATISSE correlated flux and Spitzer data. On the other side, the modeled shell of ionized gas implies a more compact CSE ($1.13\pm0.02\,R_\star$) and fainter (IR excess of 1\% in the L band). We provide new evidences for a compact CSE of $\ell$ Car and we demonstrate the capabilities of VLTI/MATISSE for determining common properties of CSEs. While the compact CSE of $\ell$ Car is probably of gaseous nature, the tested model of a shell of ionized gas is not able to simultaneously reproduce the IR excess and the interferometric observations. Further Galactic Cepheids observations with VLTI/MATISSE are necessary for determining the properties of CSEs, which may also depend on both the pulsation period and the evolutionary state of the stars., Comment: 13 pages, 8 figures, accepted in Astronomy and Astrophysics

Published
2021
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3. The asymmetric inner disk of the Herbig Ae star HD 163296 in the eyes of VLTI/MATISSE: evidence for a vortex?

Author

Varga, J., Hogerheijde, M., van Boekel, R., Klarmann, L., Petrov, R., Waters, L. B. F. M., Lagarde, S., Pantin, E., Berio, Ph., Weigelt, G., Robbe-Dubois, S., Lopez, B., Millour, F., Augereau, J. -C., Meheut, H., Meilland, A., Henning, Th., Jaffe, W., Bettonvil, F., Bristow, P., Hofmann, K. -H., Matter, A., Zins, G., Wolf, S., Allouche, F., Donnan, F., Schertl, D., Dominik, C., Heininger, M., Lehmitz, M., Cruzalèbes, P., Glindemann, A., Meisenheimer, K., Paladini, C., Schöller, M., Woillez, J., Venema, L., Kokoulina, E., Yoffe, G., Ábrahám, P., Abadie, S., Abuter, R., Accardo, M., Adler, T., Agócs, T., Antonelli, P., Böhm, A., Bailet, C., Bazin, G., Beckmann, U., Beltran, J., Boland, W., Bourget, P., Brast, R., Bresson, Y., Burtscher, L., Castillo, R., Chelli, A., Cid, C., Clausse, J. -M., Connot, C., Conzelmann, R. D., Danchi, W. -C., De Haan, M., Delbo, M., Ebert, M., Elswijk, E., Fantei, Y., Frahm, R., Rosas, V. Gámez, Gabasch, A., Gallenne, A., Garces, E., Girard, P., Gonté, F. Y. J., Herrera, J. C. González, Graser, U., Guajardo, P., Guitton, F., Haubois, X., Hron, J., Hubin, N., Huerta, R., Isbell, J. W., Ives, D., Jakob, G., Jaskó, A., Jochum, L., Klein, R., Kragt, J., Kroes, G., Kuindersma, S., Labadie, L., Laun, W., Poole, R. Le, Leinert, C., Lizon, J. -L., Lopez, M., Mérand, A., Marcotto, A., Mauclert, N., Maurer, T., Mehrgan, L. H., Meisner, J., Meixner, K., Mellein, M., Mohr, L., Morel, S., Mosoni, L., Navarro, R., Neumann, U., Nußbaum, E., Pallanca, L., Pasquini, L., Percheron, I., Pott, J. -U., Pozna, E., Ridinger, A., Rigal, F., Riquelme, M., Rivinius, Th., Roelfsema, R., Rohloff, R. -R., Rousseau, S., Schuhler, N., Schuil, M., Soulain, A., Stee, P., Stephan, C., ter Horst, R., Tromp, N., Vakili, F., van Duin, A., Vinther, J., Wittkowski, M., and Wrhel, F.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

Context. The inner few au region of planet-forming disks is a complex environment. High angular resolution observations have a key role in understanding the disk structure and the dynamical processes at work. Aims. In this study we aim to characterize the mid-infrared brightness distribution of the inner disk of the young intermediate-mass star HD 163296, from VLTI/MATISSE observations. Methods. We use geometric models to fit the data. Our models include a smoothed ring, a flat disk with inner cavity, and a 2D Gaussian. The models can account for disk inclination and for azimuthal asymmetries as well. We also perform numerical hydro-dynamical simulations of the inner edge of the disk. Results. Our modeling reveals a significant brightness asymmetry in the L-band disk emission. The brightness maximum of the asymmetry is located at the NW part of the disk image, nearly at the position angle of the semimajor axis. The surface brightness ratio in the azimuthal variation is $3.5 \pm 0.2$. Comparing our result on the location of the asymmetry with other interferometric measurements, we confirm that the morphology of the $r<0.3$ au disk region is time-variable. We propose that this asymmetric structure, located in or near the inner rim of the dusty disk, orbits the star. For the physical origin of the asymmetry, we tested a hypothesis where a vortex is created by Rossby wave instability, and we find that a unique large scale vortex may be compatible with our data. The half-light radius of the L-band emitting region is $0.33\pm 0.01$ au, the inclination is ${52^\circ}^{+5^\circ}_{-7^\circ}$, and the position angle is $143^\circ \pm 3^\circ$. Our models predict that a non-negligible fraction of the L-band disk emission originates inside the dust sublimation radius for $\mu$m-sized grains. Refractory grains or large ($\gtrsim 10\ \mu$m-sized) grains could be the origin for this emission., Comment: accepted for publication in A&A

Published
2020
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4. The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs - HD 147379b: A nearby Neptune in the temperate zone of an early-M dwarf

Author

Reiners, A., Ribas, I., Zechmeister, M., Caballero, J. A., Trifonov, T., Dreizler, S., Morales, J. C., Tal-Or, L., Lafarga, M., Quirrenbach, A., Amado, P. J., Kaminski, A., Jeffers, S. V., Aceituno, J., Béjar, V. J. S., Guàrdia, J., Guenther, E. W., Hagen, H. -J., Montes, D., Passegger, V. M., Seifert, W., Schweitzer, A., Cortés-Contreras, M., Abril, M., Alonso-Floriano, F. J., Eiff, M. Ammler-von, Antona, R., Anglada-Escudé, G., Anwand-Heerwart, H., Arroyo-Torres, B., Azzaro, M., Baroch, D., Barrado, D., Bauer, F. F., Becerril, S., Benítez, D., Berdiñas, Z. M., Bergond, G., Blümcke, M., Brinkmöller, M., del Burgo, C., Cano, J., Vázquez, M. C. Cárdenas, Casal, E., Cifuentes, C., Claret, A., Colomé, J., Czesla, S., Díez-Alonso, E., Feiz, C., Fernández, M., Ferro, I. M., Fuhrmeister, B., Galadí-Enríquez, D., Garcia-Piquer, A., Vargas, M. L. García, Gesa, L., Galera, V. Gómez, Hernández, J. I. González, González-Peinado, R., Grözinger, U., Grohnert, S., Guijarro, A., de Guindos, E., Gutiérrez-Soto, J., Hatzes, A. P., Hauschildt, P. H., Hedrosa, R. P., Helmling, J., Henning, Th., Hermelo, I., Arabí, R. Hernández, Castaño, L. Hernández, Hernando, F. Hernández, Herrero, E., Huber, A., Huke, P., Johnson, E. N., de Juan, E., Kim, M., Klein, R., Klüter, J., Klutsch, A., Kürster, M., Labarga, F., Lamert, A., Lampón, M., Lara, L. M., Laun, W., Lemke, U., Lenzen, R., Launhardt, R., del Fresno, M. López, López-González, M. J., López-Puertas, M., Salas, J. F. López, López-Santiago, J., Luque, R., Madinabeitia, H. Magán, Mall, U., Mancini, L., Mandel, H., Marfil, E., Molina, J. A. Marín, Fernández, D. Maroto, Martín, E. L., Martín-Ruiz, S., Marvin, C. J., Mathar, R. J., Mirabet, E., Moreno-Raya, M. E., Moya, A., Mundt, R., Nagel, E., Naranjo, V., Nortmann, L., Nowak, G., Ofir, A., Oreiro, R., Pallé, E., Panduro, J., Pascual, J., Pavlov, A., Pedraz, S., Pérez-Calpena, A., Medialdea, D. Pérez, Perger, M., Perryman, M. A. C., Pluto, M., Rabaza, O., Ramón, A., Rebolo, R., Redondo, P., Reffert, S., Reinhart, S., Rhode, P., Rix, H. -W., Rodler, F., Rodríguez, E., Rodríguez-López, C., Trinidad, A. Rodríguez, Rohloff, R. -R., Rosich, A., Sadegi, S., Sánchez-Blanco, E., Carrasco, M. A. Sánchez, Sánchez-López, A., Sanz-Forcada, J., Sarkis, P., Sarmiento, L. F., Schäfer, S., Schmitt, J. H. M. M., Schiller, J., Schöfer, P., Solano, E., Stahl, O., Strachan, J. B. P., Stürmer, J., Suárez, J. C., Tabernero, H. M., Tala, M., Tulloch, S. M., Ulbrich, R. -G., Veredas, G., Linares, J. I. Vico, Vilardell, F., Wagner, K., Winkler, J., Wolthoff, V., Xu, W., Yan, F., and Osorio, M. R. Zapatero

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract

We report on the first star discovered to host a planet detected by radial velocity (RV) observations obtained within the CARMENES survey for exoplanets around M dwarfs. HD 147379 ($V = 8.9$ mag, $M = 0.58 \pm 0.08$ M$_{\odot}$), a bright M0.0V star at a distance of 10.7 pc, is found to undergo periodic RV variations with a semi-amplitude of $K = 5.1\pm0.4$ m s$^{-1}$ and a period of $P = 86.54\pm0.06$ d. The RV signal is found in our CARMENES data, which were taken between 2016 and 2017, and is supported by HIRES/Keck observations that were obtained since 2000. The RV variations are interpreted as resulting from a planet of minimum mass $m_{\rm p}\sin{i} = 25 \pm 2$ M$_{\oplus}$, 1.5 times the mass of Neptune, with an orbital semi-major axis $a = 0.32$ au and low eccentricity ($e < 0.13$). HD 147379b is orbiting inside the temperate zone around the star, where water could exist in liquid form. The RV time-series and various spectroscopic indicators show additional hints of variations at an approximate period of 21.1d (and its first harmonic), which we attribute to the rotation period of the star., Comment: accepted for publication as A&A Letter

Published
2017
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5. The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs: High-resolution optical and near-infrared spectroscopy of 324 survey stars

Author

Reiners, A., Zechmeister, M., Caballero, J. A., Ribas, I., Morales, J. C., Jeffers, S. V., Schöfer, P., Tal-Or, L., Quirrenbach, A., Amado, P. J., Kaminski, A., Seifert, W., Abril, M., Aceituno, J., Alonso-Floriano, F. J., Eiff, M. Ammler-von, Antona, R., Anglada-Escudé, G., Anwand-Heerwart, H., Arroyo-Torres, B., Azzaro, M., Baroch, D., Barrado, D., Bauer, F. F., Becerril, S., Béjar, V. J. S., Benítez, D., Berdiñas, Z. M., Bergond, G., Blümcke, M., Brinkmöller, M., del Burgo, C., Cano, J., Vázquez, M. C. Cárdenas, Casal, E., Cifuentes, C., Claret, A., Colomé, J., Cortés-Contreras, M., Czesla, S., Díez-Alonso, E., Dreizler, S., Feiz, C., Fernández, M., Ferro, I. M., Fuhrmeister, B., Galadí-Enríquez, D., Garcia-Piquer, A., Vargas, M. L. García, Gesa, L., Gómez, V., Galera, Hernández, J. I. González, González-Peinado, R., Grözinger, U., Grohnert, S., Guàrdia, J., Guenther, E. W., Guijarro, A., de Guindos, E., Gutiérrez-Soto, J., Hagen, H. -J., Hatzes, A. P., Hauschildt, P. H., Hedrosa, R. P., Helmling, J., Henning, Th., Hermelo, I., Arabí, R. Hernández, Castaño, L. Hernández, Hernando, F. Hernández, Herrero, E., Huber, A., Huke, P., Johnson, E., de Juan, E., Kim, M., Klein, R., Klüter, J., Klutsch, A., Kürster, M., Lafarga, M., Lamert, A., Lampón, M., Lara, L. M., Laun, W., Lemke, U., Lenzen, R., Launhardt, R., del Fresno, M. López, López-González, J., López-Puertas, M., Salas, J. F. López, López-Santiago, J., Luque, R., Madinabeitia, H. Magán, Mall, U., Mancini, L., Mandel, H., Marfil, E., Molina, J. A. Marín, Maroto, D., Fernández, Martín, E. L., Martín-Ruiz, S., Marvin, C. J., Mathar, R. J., Mirabet, E., Montes, D., Moreno-Raya, M. E., Moya, A., Mundt, R., Nagel, E., Naranjo, V., Nortmann, L., Nowak, G., Ofir, A., Oreiro, R., Pallé, E., Panduro, J., Pascual, J., Passegger, V. M., Pavlov, A., Pedraz, S., Pérez-Calpena, A., Medialdea, D. Pérez, Perger, M., Perryman, M. A. C., Pluto, M., Rabaza, O., Ramón, A., Rebolo, R., Redondo, P., Reffert, S., Reinhart, S., Rhode, P., Rix, H. -W., Rodler, F., Rodríguez, E., Rodríguez-López, C., Trinidad, A. Rodríguez, Rohloff, R. -R., Rosich, A., Sadegi, S., Sánchez-Blanco, E., Carrasco, M. A. Sánchez, Sánchez-López, A., Sanz-Forcada, J., Sarkis, P., Sarmiento, L. F., Schäfer, S., Schmitt, J. H. M. M., Schiller, J., Schweitzer, A., Solano, E., Stahl, O., Strachan, J. B. P., Stürmer, J., Suárez, J. C., Tabernero, H. M., Tala, M., Trifonov, T., Tulloch, S. M., Ulbrich, R. G., Veredas, G., Linares, J. I. Vico, Vilardell, F., Wagner, K., Winkler, J., Wolthoff, V., Xu, W., Yan, F., and Osorio, M. R. Zapatero

Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

The CARMENES radial velocity (RV) survey is observing 324 M dwarfs to search for any orbiting planets. In this paper, we present the survey sample by publishing one CARMENES spectrum for each M dwarf. These spectra cover the wavelength range 520--1710nm at a resolution of at least $R > 80,000$, and we measure its RV, H$\alpha$ emission, and projected rotation velocity. We present an atlas of high-resolution M-dwarf spectra and compare the spectra to atmospheric models. To quantify the RV precision that can be achieved in low-mass stars over the CARMENES wavelength range, we analyze our empirical information on the RV precision from more than 6500 observations. We compare our high-resolution M-dwarf spectra to atmospheric models where we determine the spectroscopic RV information content, $Q$, and signal-to-noise ratio. We find that for all M-type dwarfs, the highest RV precision can be reached in the wavelength range 700--900nm. Observations at longer wavelengths are equally precise only at the very latest spectral types (M8 and M9). We demonstrate that in this spectroscopic range, the large amount of absorption features compensates for the intrinsic faintness of an M7 star. To reach an RV precision of 1ms$^{-1}$ in very low mass M dwarfs at longer wavelengths likely requires the use of a 10m class telescope. For spectral types M6 and earlier, the combination of a red visual and a near-infrared spectrograph is ideal to search for low-mass planets and to distinguish between planets and stellar variability. At a 4m class telescope, an instrument like CARMENES has the potential to push the RV precision well below the typical jitter level of 3-4ms$^{-1}$., Comment: accepted for publication in A&A, 13 pages plus 40 pages spectral atlas, first 10 atlas pages are reduced in quality to fit arXiv size limit; one CARMENES spectrum for each of the 324 stars is published in electronic format at http://carmenes.cab.inta-csic.es/

Published
2017
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6. The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs. First visual-channel radial-velocity measurements and orbital parameter updates of seven M-dwarf planetary systems

Author

Trifonov, T., Kürster, M., Zechmeister, M., Tal-Or, L., Caballero, J. A., Quirrenbach, A., Amado, P. J., Ribas, I., Reiners, A., Reffert, S., Dreizler, S., Hatzes, A. P., Kaminski, A., Launhardt, R., Henning, Th., Montes, D., Béjar, V. J. S., Mundt, R., Pavlov, A., Schmitt, J. H. M. M., Seifert, W., Morales, J. C., Nowak, G., Jeffers, S. V., Rodríguez-López, C., del Burgo, C., Anglada-Escudé, G., López-Santiago, J., Mathar, R. J., Eiff, M. Ammler-von, Guenther, E. W., Barrado, D., Hernández, J. I. González, Mancini, L., Stürmer, J., Abril, M., Aceituno, J., Alonso-Floriano, F. J., Antona, R., Anwand-Heerwart, H., Arroyo-Torres, B., Azzaro, M., Baroch, D., Bauer, F. F., Becerril, S., Benítez, D., Berdiñas, Z. M., Bergond, G., Blümcke, M., Brinkmöller, M., Cano, J., Vázquez, M. C. Cárdenas, Casal, E., Cifuentes, C., Claret, A., Colomé, J., Cortés-Contreras, M., Czesla, S., Díez-Alonso, E., Feiz, C., Fernández, M., Ferro, I. M., Fuhrmeister, B., Galadí-Enríquez, D., Garcia-Piquer, A., Vargas, M. L. García, Gesa, L., Galera, V. Gómez, González-Peinado, R., Grözinger, U., Grohnert, S., Guàrdia, J., Guijarro, A., de Guindos, E., Gutiérrez-Soto, J., Hagen, H. -J., Hauschildt, P. H., Hedrosa, R. P., Helmling, J., Hermelo, I., Arabí, R. Hernández, Castaño, L. Hernández, Hernando, F. Hernández, Herrero, E., Huber, A., Huke, P., Johnson, E., de Juan, E., Kim, M., Klein, R., Klüter, J., Klutsch, A., Lafarga, M., Lampón, M., Lara, L. M., Laun, W., Lemke, U., Lenzen, R., del Fresno, M. López, López-González, J., López-Puertas, M., Salas, J. F. López, Luque, R., Madinabeitia, H. Magán, Mall, U., Mandel, H., Marfil, E., Molina, J. A. Marín, Fernández, D. Maroto, Martín, E. L., Martín-Ruiz, S., Marvin, C. J., Mirabet, E., Moya, A., Moreno-Raya, M. E., Nagel, E., Naranjo, V., Nortmann, L., Ofir, A., Oreiro, R., Pallé, E., Panduro, J., Pascual, J., Passegger, V. M., Pedraz, S., Pérez-Calpena, A., Medialdea, D. Pérez, Perger, M., Perryman, M. A. C., Pluto, M., Rabaza, O., Ramón, A., Rebolo, R., Redondo, P., Reinhardt, S., Rhode, P., Rix, H. -W., Rodler, F., Rodríguez, E., Trinidad, A. Rodríguez, Rohloff, R. -R., Rosich, A., Sadegi, S., Sánchez-Blanco, E., Carrasco, M. A. Sánchez, Sánchez-López, A., Sanz-Forcada, J., Sarkis, P., Sarmiento, L. F., Schäfer, S., Schiller, J., Schöfer, P., Schweitzer, A., Solano, E., Stahl, O., Strachan, J. B. P., Suárez, J. C., Tabernero, H. M., Tala, M., Tulloch, S. M., Veredas, G., Linares, J. I. Vico, Vilardell, F., Wagner, K., Winkler, J., Wolthoff, V., Xu, W., Yan, F., and Osorio, M. R. Zapatero

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

Context: The main goal of the CARMENES survey is to find Earth-mass planets around nearby M-dwarf stars. Seven M-dwarfs included in the CARMENES sample had been observed before with HIRES and HARPS and either were reported to have one short period planetary companion (GJ15A, GJ176, GJ436, GJ536 and GJ1148) or are multiple planetary systems (GJ581 and GJ876). Aims: We aim to report new precise optical radial velocity measurements for these planet hosts and test the overall capabilities of CARMENES. Methods: We combined our CARMENES precise Doppler measurements with those available from HIRES and HARPS and derived new orbital parameters for the systems. Bona-fide single planet systems are fitted with a Keplerian model. The multiple planet systems were analyzed using a self-consistent dynamical model and their best fit orbits were tested for long-term stability. Results: We confirm or provide supportive arguments for planets around all the investigated stars except for GJ15A, for which we find that the post-discovery HIRES data and our CARMENES data do not show a signal at 11.4 days. Although we cannot confirm the super-Earth planet GJ15Ab, we show evidence for a possible long-period ($P_{\rm c}$ = 7025$_{-629}^{+972}$ d) Saturn-mass ($m_{\rm c} \sin i$ = 51.8$_{-5.8}^{+5.5}M_\oplus$) planet around GJ15A. In addition, based on our CARMENES and HIRES data we discover a second planet around GJ1148, for which we estimate a period $P_{\rm c}$ = 532.6$_{-2.5}^{+4.1}$ d, eccentricity $e_{\rm c}$ = 0.34$_{-0.06}^{+0.05}$ and minimum mass $m_{\rm c} \sin i$ = 68.1$_{-2.2}^{+4.9}M_\oplus$. Conclusions: The CARMENES optical radial velocities have similar precision and overall scatter when compared to the Doppler measurements conducted with HARPS and HIRES. We conclude that CARMENES is an instrument that is up to the challenge of discovering rocky planets around low-mass stars., Comment: Accepted for publication in A&A, 24 pages, 16 figures, 14 tables

Published
2017
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7. An overview of the mid-infrared spectro-interferometer MATISSE: science, concept, and current status

Author

Matter, A., Lopez, B., Antonelli, P., Lehmitz, M., Bettonvil, F., Beckmann, U., Lagarde, S., Jaffe, W., Petrov, R. G., Berio, P., Millour, F., Robbe-Dubois, S., Glindemann, A., Bristow, P., Schoeller, M., Lanz, T., Henning, T., Weigelt, G., Heininger, M., Morel, S., Cruzalebes, P., Meisenheimer, K., Hofferbert, R., Wolf, S., Bresson, Y., Agocs, T., Allouche, F., Augereau, J. -C., Avila, G., Bailet, C., Behrend, J., Van Belle, G., Berger, J. -P., van Boekel, R., Bourget, P., Brast, R., Clausse, J. -M., Connot, C., Conzelmann, R., Csepany, G., Danchi, W. C., Delbo, M., Dominik, C., van Duin, A., Elswijk, E., Fantei, Y., Finger, G., Gabasch, A., Gonté, F., Graser, U., Guitton, F., Guniat, S., De Haan, M., Haguenauer, P., Hanenburg, H., Hofmann, K. -H., Hogerheijde, M., ter Horst, R., Hron, J., Hummel, C., Isderda, J., Ives, D., Jakob, G., Jasko, A., Jolley, P., Kiraly, S., Kragt, J., Kroener, T., Kroes, G., Kuindersma, S., Labadie, L., Laun, W., Leinert, C., Lizon, J. -L., Lucuix, C., Marcotto, A., Martinache, F., Martinot-Lagarde, G., Mauclert, N., Mehrgan, L., Meilland, A., Mellein, M., Menardi, S., Merand, A., Neumann, U., Nussbaum, E., Ottogalli, S., Palsa, R., Panduro, J., Pantin, E., Percheron, I., Duc, T. Phan, Pott, J. -U., Pozna, E., Roelfsema, R., Rupprecht, G., Schertl, D., Schmidt, C., Schuil, M., Spang, A., stegmeier, J., Tromp, N., Vakili, F., Vannier, M., Wagner, K., Venema, L., and Woillez, J.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

MATISSE is the second-generation mid-infrared spectrograph and imager for the Very Large Telescope Interferometer (VLTI) at Paranal. This new interferometric instrument will allow significant advances by opening new avenues in various fundamental research fields: studying the planet-forming region of disks around young stellar objects, understanding the surface structures and mass loss phenomena affecting evolved stars, and probing the environments of black holes in active galactic nuclei. As a first breakthrough, MATISSE will enlarge the spectral domain of current optical interferometers by offering the L and M bands in addition to the N band. This will open a wide wavelength domain, ranging from 2.8 to 13 um, exploring angular scales as small as 3 mas (L band) / 10 mas (N band). As a second breakthrough, MATISSE will allow mid-infrared imaging - closure-phase aperture-synthesis imaging - with up to four Unit Telescopes (UT) or Auxiliary Telescopes (AT) of the VLTI. Moreover, MATISSE will offer a spectral resolution range from R ~ 30 to R ~ 5000. Here, we present one of the main science objectives, the study of protoplanetary disks, that has driven the instrument design and motivated several VLTI upgrades (GRA4MAT and NAOMI). We introduce the physical concept of MATISSE including a description of the signal on the detectors and an evaluation of the expected performances. We also discuss the current status of the MATISSE instrument, which is entering its testing phase, and the foreseen schedule for the next two years that will lead to the first light at Paranal., Comment: SPIE Astronomical Telescopes and Instrumentation conference, June 2016, 11 pages, 6 Figures

Published
2016
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9. ANDES, the high-resolution spectrograph for the ELT: extending to the K-band

Author

Bryant, Julia J., Motohara, Kentaro, Vernet, Joël R. D., Gaessler, W., Korhonen, H., Baron, F., Brandner, W., Di Marcantonio, P., Doyon, R., Ebert, M., Kaminski, A., Kreidberg, L., Laun, W., Lehmitz, M., Marconi, A., Mollière, P., Quirrenbach, A., Rohloff, R.-R., Seifert, W., Stuermer, J., Saint-Antoine, J., Xu, W., and Zanutta, A.

Published
2024
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10. ANDES, the high-resolution spectrograph for the ELT: system architecture design of Phase-B-one

Author

Bryant, Julia J., Motohara, Kentaro, Vernet, Joël R. D., Zanutta, A., Manuel, A., Aliverti, M., Balestra, A., Bellido-Tirado, O., Brucalassi, A., Cabona, L., Cabral, A., Chazelas, B., Coretti, I., Di Marcantonio, P., Ebert, M., Gaessler, W., Gao, X., Geers, V., Giro, E., Gonzalez, O., Huke, P., Landoni, M., Laun, W., Lee, D., Lehmitz, M., Lunney, D., MacIntosh, M., Marconi, A., Monteiro, M., Montgomery, D., Oliva, E., Origlia, L., Pariani, G., Pinna, E., Redaelli, E. M. A., Riva, M., Rohloff, R.-R., Santos Diaz, P., Scalera, M., Seifert, W., Selmi, C., Tozzi, A., Waring, C., Weber, M., Wehbe, B., Weingrill, J., Xompero, M., and Xu, W.

Published
2024
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11. Infrared Narrow-Band Tomography of the Local Starburst NGC 1569 with LBT/LUCIFER

Author

Pasquali, A., Bik, A., Zibetti, S., Ageorges, N., Seifert, W., Brandner, W., Rix, H. -W., Juette, M, Knierim, V., Buschkamp, P., Feiz, C., Gemperlein, H., Germeroth, A., Hoffmann, R., Laun, W., Lederer, R., Lehmitz, M., Lenzen, R., Mall, U., Mandel, H., Mueller, P., Naranjo, V., Polsterer, K., Quirrenbach, A., Schaeffner, L., Storz, C., and Weiser, P.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

We used the near-IR imager/spectrograph LUCIFER mounted on the Large Binocular Telescope (LBT) to image, with sub-arcsec seeing, the local dwarf starburst NGC 1569 in the JHK bands and HeI 1.08 micron, [FeII] 1.64 micron and Brgamma narrow-band filters. We obtained high-quality spatial maps of HeI, [FeII] and Brgamma emission across the galaxy, and used them together with HST/ACS images of NGC 1569 in the Halpha filter to derive the two-dimensional spatial map of the dust extinction and surface star formation rate density. We show that dust extinction is rather patchy and, on average, higher in the North-West (NW) portion of the galaxy [E_g(B-V) = 0.71 mag] than in the South-East [E_g(B-V) = 0.57 mag]. Similarly, the surface density of star formation rate peaks in the NW region of NGC 1569, reaching a value of about 4 x 10^-6 M_sun yr^-1 pc^-2. The total star formation rate as estimated from the integrated, dereddened Halpha luminosity is about 0.4 M_sun yr^-1, and the total supernova rate from the integrated, dereddened [FeII] luminosity is about 0.005 yr^-1 (assuming a distance of 3.36 Mpc). The azimuthally averaged [FeII]/Brgamma flux ratio is larger at the edges of the central, gas-deficient cavities (encompassing the super star clusters A and B) and in the galaxy outskirts. If we interpret this line ratio as the ratio between the average past star formation (as traced by supernovae) and on-going activity (represented by OB stars able to ionize the interstellar medium), it would then indicate that star formation has been quenched within the central cavities and lately triggered in a ring around them. The number of ionizing hydrogen and helium photons as computed from the integrated, dereddened Halpha and HeI luminosities suggests that the latest burst of star formation occurred about 4 Myr ago and produced new stars with a total mass of ~1.8 x 10^6 M_sun. [Abridged], Comment: accepted for publication in AJ

Published
2011
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12. Black Hole Mass Estimates Based on CIV are Consistent with Those Based on the Balmer Lines

Author

Assef, R. J., Denney, K. D., Kochanek, C. S., Peterson, B. M., Kozlowski, S., Ageorges, N., Barrows, R. S., Buschkamp, P., Dietrich, M., Falco, E., Feiz, C., Gemperlein, H., Germeroth, A., Grier, C. J., Hofmann, R., Juette, M., Khan, R., Kilic, M., Knierim, V., Laun, W., Lederer, R., Lehmitz, M., Lenzen, R., Mall, U., Madsen, K. K., Mandel, H., Martini, P., Mathur, S., Mogren, K., Mueller, P., Naranjo, V., Pasquali, A., Polsterer, K., Pogge, R. W., Quirrenbach, A., Seifert, W., Stern, D., Shappee, B., Storz, C., Van Saders, J., Weiser, P., and Zhang, D.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

Using a sample of high-redshift lensed quasars from the CASTLES project with observed-frame ultraviolet or optical and near-infrared spectra, we have searched for possible biases between supermassive black hole (BH) mass estimates based on the CIV, Halpha and Hbeta broad emission lines. Our sample is based upon that of Greene, Peng & Ludwig, expanded with new near-IR spectroscopic observations, consistently analyzed high S/N optical spectra, and consistent continuum luminosity estimates at 5100A. We find that BH mass estimates based on the FWHM of CIV show a systematic offset with respect to those obtained from the line dispersion, sigma_l, of the same emission line, but not with those obtained from the FWHM of Halpha and Hbeta. The magnitude of the offset depends on the treatment of the HeII and FeII emission blended with CIV, but there is little scatter for any fixed measurement prescription. While we otherwise find no systematic offsets between CIV and Balmer line mass estimates, we do find that the residuals between them are strongly correlated with the ratio of the UV and optical continuum luminosities. Removing this dependency reduces the scatter between the UV- and optical-based BH mass estimates by a factor of approximately 2, from roughly 0.35 to 0.18 dex. The dispersion is smallest when comparing the CIV sigma_l mass estimate, after removing the offset from the FWHM estimates, and either Balmer line mass estimate. The correlation with the continuum slope is likely due to a combination of reddening, host contamination and object-dependent SED shapes. When we add additional heterogeneous measurements from the literature, the results are unchanged., Comment: Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal. 37 text pages + 8 tables + 23 figures. Updated with comments by the referee and with a expanded discussion on literature data including new observations

Published
2010
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13. GRAVITY: a four-telescope beam combiner instrument for the VLTI

Author

Gillessen, S., Eisenhauer, F., Perrin, G., Brandner, W., Straubmeier, C., Perraut, K., Amorim, A., Schöller, M., Araujo-Hauck, C., Bartko, H., Baumeister, H., Berger, J. -P., Carvas, P., Cassaing, F., Chapron, F., Choquet, E., Clenet, Y., Collin, C., Eckart, A., Fedou, P., Fischer, S., Gendron, E., Genzel, R., Gitton, P., Gonte, F., Gräter, A., Haguenauer, P., Haug, M., Haubois, X., Henning, T., Hippler, S., Hofmann, R., Jocou, L., Kellner, S., Kervella, P., Klein, R., Kudryavtseva, N., Lacour, S., Lapeyrere, V., Laun, W., Lena, P., Lenzen, R., Lima, J., Moch, D., Moratschke, D., Moulin, T., Naranjo, V., Neumann, U., Nolot, A., Paumard, T., Pfuhl, O., Rabien, S., Ramos, J., Rees, J. M., Rohloff, R. -R., Rouan, D., Rousset, G., Sevin, A., Thiel, M., Wagner, K., Wiest, M., Yazici, S., and Ziegler, D.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

GRAVITY is an adaptive optics assisted Beam Combiner for the second generation VLTI instrumentation. The instrument will provide high-precision narrow-angle astrometry and phase-referenced interferometric imaging in the astronomical K-band for faint objects. We describe the wide range of science that will be tackled with this instrument, highlighting the unique capabilities of the VLTI in combination with GRAVITY. The most prominent goal is to observe highly relativistic motions of matter close to the event horizon of Sgr A*, the massive black hole at center of the Milky Way. We present the preliminary design that fulfils the requirements that follow from the key science drivers: It includes an integrated optics, 4-telescope, dual feed beam combiner operated in a cryogenic vessel; near-infrared wavefrontsensing adaptive optics; fringe-tracking on secondary sources within the field of view of the VLTI and a novel metrology concept. Simulations show that 10 {\mu}as astrometry within few minutes is feasible for a source with a magnitude of mK = 15 like Sgr A*, given the availability of suitable phase reference sources (mK = 10). Using the same setup, imaging of mK = 18 stellar sources in the interferometric field of view is possible, assuming a full night of observations and the corresponding UV coverage of the VLTI., Comment: 20 pages, Proceedings SPIE Astronomical Telescopes and Instrumentation Conference 2010

Published
2010
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14. CARMENES: Calar Alto high-Resolution search for M dwarfs with Exo-earths with a Near-infrared Echelle Spectrograph

Author

Quirrenbach, A., Amado, P. J., Mandel, H., Caballero, J. A., Ribas, I., Reiners, A., Mundt, R., Abril, M., Afonso, C., Bean, J. L., Bejar, V. J. S., Becerril, S., Boehm, A., Cardenas, C., Claret, A., Colome, J., Costillo, L. P., Dreizler, S., Fernandez, M., Francisco, X., Garrido, R., Hernandez, J. I. Gonzalez, Guenther, E. W., Gutierrez-Soto, J., Joergens, V., Hatzes, A. P., Henning, T., Herrero, E., Kurster, M., Laun, W., Lenzen, R., Mall, U., Martin, E. L., Martin-Ruiz, S., Montes, D., Morales, J. C., Munoz, R. Morales, Moya, A., Naranjo, V., Rabaza, O., Ramon, A., Rebolo, R., Reffert, S., Rodler, F., Rodriguez, E., Trinidad, A. Rodriguez, Rohloff, R. -R., Carrasco, M. A. Sanchez, Schmidt, C., Seifert, W., Setiawan, J., Stahl, O., Suarez, J. C., Wiedemann, G., del Burgo, C., Galadi, D., Sanchez-Blanco, E., and Xu, W.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

CARMENES, Calar Alto high-Resolution search for M dwarfs with Exo-earths with a Near-infrared Echelle Spectrograph, is a study for a next-generation instrument for the 3.5m Calar Alto Telescope to be designed, built, integrated, and operated by a consortium of nine German and Spanish institutions. Our main objective is finding habitable exoplanets around M dwarfs, which will be achieved by radial velocity measurements on the m/s level in the near-infrared, where low-mass stars emit the bulk of their radiation., Comment: Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series, "Pathways towards habitable planets", eds. V. Coude du Foresto, D. M. Gelino & I. Ribas, 14-18 Sep 2009, Barcelona, Spain (in press) Note: Because of space restriction, the printed conference paper will appear with only an abbreviated author list

Published
2009

15. GRAVITY: getting to the event horizon of Sgr A*

Author

Eisenhauer, F., Perrin, G., Brandner, W., Straubmeier, C., Richichi, A., Gillessen, S., Berger, J. P., Hippler, S., Eckart, A., Schoeller, M., Rabien, S., Cassaing, F., Lenzen, R., Thiel, M., Clenet, Y., Ramos, J. R., Kellner, S., Fedou, P., Baumeister, H., Hofmann, R., Gendron, E., Boehm, A., Bartko, H., Haubois, X., Klein, R., Dodds-Eden, K., Houairi, K., Hormuth, F., Graeter, A., Jocou, L., Naranjo, V., Genzel, R., Kervella, P., Henning, T., Hamaus, N., Lacour, S., Neumann, U., Haug, M., Malbet, F., Laun, W., Kolmeder, J., Paumard, T., Rohloff, R. -R., Pfuhl, O., Perraut, K., Ziegleder, J., Rouan, D., and Rousset, G.

Subjects
Astrophysics
Abstract

We present the second-generation VLTI instrument GRAVITY, which currently is in the preliminary design phase. GRAVITY is specifically designed to observe highly relativistic motions of matter close to the event horizon of Sgr A*, the massive black hole at center of the Milky Way. We have identified the key design features needed to achieve this goal and present the resulting instrument concept. It includes an integrated optics, 4-telescope, dual feed beam combiner operated in a cryogenic vessel; near infrared wavefront sensing adaptive optics; fringe tracking on secondary sources within the field of view of the VLTI and a novel metrology concept. Simulations show that the planned design matches the scientific needs; in particular that 10 microarcsecond astrometry is feasible for a source with a magnitude of K=15 like Sgr A*, given the availability of suitable phase reference sources., Comment: 13 pages, 11 figures, to appear in the conference proceedings of SPIE Astronomical Instrumentation, 23-28 June 2008, Marseille, France

Published
2008
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16. PANIC: the new panoramic NIR camera for Calar Alto

Author

Baumeister, H., Alter, M., Vazquez, M. C. Cardenas, Fernandez, M., Fried, J., Helmling, J., Huber, A., Mengual, J. Ibanez, Gomez, J. F. Rodriguez, Laun, W., Lenzen, R., Mall, U., Naranjo, V., Ramos, J., Rohloff, R., Segura, A. Garcia, Storz, C., Ubierna, M., and Wagner, K.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

PANIC is a wide-field NIR camera, which is currently under development for the Calar Alto observatory (CAHA) in Spain. It uses a mosaic of four Hawaii-2RG detectors and covers the spectral range from 0.8-2.5 micron(z to K-band). The field-of-view is 30x30 arcmin. This instrument can be used at the 2.2m telescope (0.45arcsec/pixel, 0.5x0.5 degree FOV) and at the 3.5m telescope (0.23arcsec/pixel, 0.25x0.25 degree FOV). The operating temperature is about 77K, achieved by liquid Nitrogen cooling. The cryogenic optics has three flat folding mirrors with diameters up to 282 mm and nine lenses with diameters between 130 mm and 255 mm. A compact filter unit can carry up to 19 filters distributed over four filter wheels. Narrow band (1%) filters can be used. The instrument has a diameter of 1.1 m and it is about 1 m long. The weight limit of 400 kg at the 2.2m telescope requires a light-weight cryostat design. The aluminium vacuum vessel and radiation shield have wall thicknesses of only 6 mm and 3 mm respectively., Comment: This paper has been presented in the SPIE of Astronomical Telescopes and Instrumentation 2008 in Marseille (France)

Published
2008
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17. PANIC : A General-purpose Panoramic Near-infrared Camera for the Calar Alto Observatory

Author

Vázquez, M.-C. Cárdenas, Dorner, B., Huber, A., Sánchez-Blanco, E., Alter, M., Gómez, J. F. Rodríguez, Bizenberger, P., Naranjo, V., Mengual, J.-M. Ibáñez, Panduro, J., Segura, A. J. García, Mall, U., Fernández, M., Laun, W., Rodríguez, I. M. Ferro, Helmling, J., Terrón, V., Meisenheimer, K., Fried, J. W., Mathar, R. J., Baumeister, H., Rohloff, R.-R., Storz, C., Verdes-Montenegro, L., Bouy, H., Ubierna, M., Fopp, P., and Funke, B.

Published
2018

18. GRAVITY: Microarcsecond Astrometry and Deep Interferometric Imaging with the VLT

Author

Eisenhauer, F., Perrin, G., Brandner, W., Straubmeier, C., Böhm, A., Baumeister, H., Cassaing, F., Clénet, Y., Dodds-Eden, K., Eckart, A., Gendron, E., Genzel, R., Gillessen, S., Gräter, A., Gueriau, C., Hamaus, N., Haubois, X., Haug, M., Henning, T., Hippler, S., Hofmann, R., Hormuth, F., Houairi, K., Kellner, S., Kervella, P., Klein, R., Kolmeder, J., Laun, W., Léna, P., Lenzen, R., Marteaud, M., Naranjo, V., Neumann, U., Paumard, T., Rabien, S., Ramos, J. R., Reess, J. M., Rohloff, R.-R., Rouan, D., Rousset, G., Ruyet, B., Sevin, A., Thiel, M., Ziegleder, J., Ziegler, D., Burton, W. B., editor, Christensen, Lars Lindberg, editor, and Moorwood, Alan, editor

Published
2009
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19. MATISSE

Author

Lopez, B., Lagarde, S., Wolf, S., Jaffe, W., Weigelt, G., Antonelli, P., Abraham, P., Augereau, J.-Ch., Beckman, U., Behrend, J., Berruyer, N., Bresson, Y., Chesneau, O., Clausse, J. M., Connot, C., Danchi, W. C., Delbo, M., Demyk, K., Domiciano, A., Dugué, M., Glazenborg, A., Graser, U., Hanenburg, H., Henning, Th., Heininger, M., Hofmann, K.-H., Hugues, Y., Jankov, S., Kraus, S., Laun, W., Leinert, Ch., Linz, H., Matter, A., Mathias, Ph., Meisenheimer, K., Menut, J.-L., Millour, F., Mosoni, L., Neumann, U., Niedzielski, A., Nussbaum, E., Petrov, R., Ratzka, Th., Robbe-Dubois, S., Roussel, A., Schertl, D., Schmider, F.-X., Stecklum, B., Thiebaut, E., Vakili, F., Wagner, K., Waters, L. B. F. M., Absil, O., Hron, J., Nardetto, N., Olofsson, J., Valat, B., Vannier, M., Goldman, B., Hönig, S., Cotton, W. D., Burton, W. B., editor, Christensen, Lars Lindberg, editor, and Moorwood, Alan, editor

Published
2009
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20. METIS: final design of the Imager sub-system

Author

Bizenberger, P., Baumeister, H., Barriere, J.-C., Bertram, T., Böhm, A., Brandl, B., Cárdenas Vázquez, M.C., Chamorro, E., Feldt, M., Glauser, A.M., Henning, T., Laun, W., Lesman, D., Mohr, L., Raskin, G., Rohloff, R.-R., Scheithauer, S., Serra, B., Stepien, P., Stuik, R., Todd, S., Boekel, R. van, Evans, C.J., Bryant, J.J., Motohara, K., Evans, C.J., Bryant, J.J., and Motohara, K.

Published
2022
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21. Status update on the development of METIS, the mid-infrared ELT imager and spectrograph

Author

Brandl, B.R., Bettonvil, F.C.M., Van Boekel, R., Glauser, A., Quanz, S.P., Absil, O., Feldt, M., Garcia, P.J.V., Glasse, A., Guedel, M., Labadie, L., Meyer, M., Pantin, E., Wang, S.-Y., Van Winckel, H., Agócs, T., Amorim, A., Bertram, T., Burtscher, L.H., Delacroix, C., Laun, W., Lesman, D., Raskin, G., Salo, C., Scheithauer, S., Stuik, R., Todd, S., Haupt, C., Siebenmorgen, R., Evans, C.J., Bryant, J.J., and Motohara, K.

Published
2022
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22. MATISSE, the VLTI mid-infrared imaging spectro-interferometer

Author

Lopez, B., Lagarde, S., Petrov, R. G., Jaffe, W., Antonelli, P., Allouche, F., Berio, P., Matter, A., Meilland, A., Millour, F., Robbe-Dubois, S., Henning, Th, Weigelt, G., Glindemann, A., Agocs, T., Bailet, Ch, Beckmann, U., Bettonvil, F., van Boekel, R., Bourget, P., Bresson, Y., Bristow, P., Cruzalebes, P., Eldswijk, E., Caujolle, Y. Fantei, Herrera, J. C. Gonzalez, Graser, U., Guajardo, P., Heininger, M., Hofmann, K-H, Kroes, G., Laun, W., Lehmitz, M., Leinert, C., Meisenheimer, K., Morel, S., Neumann, U., Paladini, C., Percheron, I, Riquelme, M., Schoeller, M., Stee, Ph, Venema, L., Woillez, J., Zins, G., Abraham, P., Abadie, S., Abuter, R., Accardo, M., Adler, T., Alonso, J., Augereau, J-C, Boehm, A., Bazin, G., Beltran, J., Bensberg, A., Boland, W., Brast, R., Burtscher, L., Castillo, R., Chelli, A., Cid, C., Clausse, J-M, Connot, C., Conzelmann, R. D., Danchi, W-C, Delbo, M., Drevon, J., Dominik, C., van Duin, A., Ebert, M., Eisenhauer, F., Flament, S., Frahm, R., Rosas, V. Gamez, Gabasch, A., Gallenne, A., Garces, E., Girard, P., Glazenborg, A., Gonte, F. Y. J., Guitton, F., de Haan, M., Hanenburg, H., Haubois, X., Hocde, V, Hogerheijde, M., ter Horst, R., Hron, J., Hummel, C. A., Hubin, N., Huerta, R., Idserda, J., Isbell, J. W., Ives, D., Jakob, G., Jasko, A., Jochum, L., Klarmann, L., Klein, R., Kragt, J., Kuindersma, S., Kokoulina, E., Labadie, L., Lacour, S., Leftley, J., Le Poole, R., Lizon, J-L, Lopez, M., Lykou, F., Merand, A., Marcotto, A., Mauclert, N., Maurer, T., Mehrgan, L. H., Meisner, J., Meixner, K., Mellein, M., Menut, J. L., Mohr, L., Mosoni, L., Navarro, R., Nussbaum, E., Pallanca, L., Pantin, E., Pasquini, L., Duc, T. Phan, Pott, J-U, Pozna, E., Richichi, A., Ridinger, A., Rigal, F., Rivinius, Th, Roelfsema, R., Rohloff, R-R, Rousseau, S., Salabert, D., Schertl, D., Schuhler, N., Schuil, M., Shabun, K., Soulain, A., Stephan, C., Toledo, P., Tristram, K., Tromp, N., Vakili, F., Varga, J., Vinther, J., Waters, L. B. F. M., Wittkowski, M., Wolf, S., Wrhel, F., Yoffe, G., Lopez, B., Lagarde, S., Petrov, R. G., Jaffe, W., Antonelli, P., Allouche, F., Berio, P., Matter, A., Meilland, A., Millour, F., Robbe-Dubois, S., Henning, Th, Weigelt, G., Glindemann, A., Agocs, T., Bailet, Ch, Beckmann, U., Bettonvil, F., van Boekel, R., Bourget, P., Bresson, Y., Bristow, P., Cruzalebes, P., Eldswijk, E., Caujolle, Y. Fantei, Herrera, J. C. Gonzalez, Graser, U., Guajardo, P., Heininger, M., Hofmann, K-H, Kroes, G., Laun, W., Lehmitz, M., Leinert, C., Meisenheimer, K., Morel, S., Neumann, U., Paladini, C., Percheron, I, Riquelme, M., Schoeller, M., Stee, Ph, Venema, L., Woillez, J., Zins, G., Abraham, P., Abadie, S., Abuter, R., Accardo, M., Adler, T., Alonso, J., Augereau, J-C, Boehm, A., Bazin, G., Beltran, J., Bensberg, A., Boland, W., Brast, R., Burtscher, L., Castillo, R., Chelli, A., Cid, C., Clausse, J-M, Connot, C., Conzelmann, R. D., Danchi, W-C, Delbo, M., Drevon, J., Dominik, C., van Duin, A., Ebert, M., Eisenhauer, F., Flament, S., Frahm, R., Rosas, V. Gamez, Gabasch, A., Gallenne, A., Garces, E., Girard, P., Glazenborg, A., Gonte, F. Y. J., Guitton, F., de Haan, M., Hanenburg, H., Haubois, X., Hocde, V, Hogerheijde, M., ter Horst, R., Hron, J., Hummel, C. A., Hubin, N., Huerta, R., Idserda, J., Isbell, J. W., Ives, D., Jakob, G., Jasko, A., Jochum, L., Klarmann, L., Klein, R., Kragt, J., Kuindersma, S., Kokoulina, E., Labadie, L., Lacour, S., Leftley, J., Le Poole, R., Lizon, J-L, Lopez, M., Lykou, F., Merand, A., Marcotto, A., Mauclert, N., Maurer, T., Mehrgan, L. H., Meisner, J., Meixner, K., Mellein, M., Menut, J. L., Mohr, L., Mosoni, L., Navarro, R., Nussbaum, E., Pallanca, L., Pantin, E., Pasquini, L., Duc, T. Phan, Pott, J-U, Pozna, E., Richichi, A., Ridinger, A., Rigal, F., Rivinius, Th, Roelfsema, R., Rohloff, R-R, Rousseau, S., Salabert, D., Schertl, D., Schuhler, N., Schuil, M., Shabun, K., Soulain, A., Stephan, C., Toledo, P., Tristram, K., Tromp, N., Vakili, F., Varga, J., Vinther, J., Waters, L. B. F. M., Wittkowski, M., Wolf, S., Wrhel, F., and Yoffe, G.

Abstract

Context. Optical interferometry is at a key development stage. The Very Large Telescope Interferometer (VLTI) has established a stable, robust infrastructure for long-baseline interferometry that is usable by general astronomical observers. The present second-generation instruments offer a wide wavelength coverage and improved performance. Their sensitivity and measurement accuracy lead to data and images of high reliability. Aims. We have developed the Multi AperTure mid-Infrared SpectroScopic Experiment (MATISSE) to access, for the first time, high resolution imaging in a wide spectral domain. Many front-line topics are explored with this new equipment, including: stellar activity and mass loss; planet formation and evolution in the gas and dust disks around young stars; and environment interaction and accretion processes around super massive black holes in active galactic nuclei. Methods. The instrument is a spectro-interferometric imager in the transmission windows called L, M, and N, from 2.8 to 13.0 microns, combining four optical beams from the VLTI's unit or auxiliary telescopes. Its concept, related observing procedure, data reduction, and calibration approach, is the product of 30 years of instrumental research and has benefitted from the expertise developed in the frame of the VLTI's first generation instruments. The instrument utilises a multi-axial beam combination that delivers spectrally dispersed fringes. The signal provides the following quantities at several spectral resolutions: photometric flux, coherent fluxes, visibilities, closure phases, wavelength differential visibilities and phases, and aperture-synthesis imaging. Results. This article provides an overview of the physical principle of the instrument and its functionalities. The motivation of the choice of the instrumental concept and the characteristics of the delivered signal are detailed with a description of the observing modes and of their performance limit. MATISSE offers four spectra

Published
2022

24. MATISSE, the VLTI mid-infrared imaging spectro-interferometer

Author

Lopez, B., primary, Lagarde, S., additional, Petrov, R. G., additional, Jaffe, W., additional, Antonelli, P., additional, Allouche, F., additional, Berio, P., additional, Matter, A., additional, Meilland, A., additional, Millour, F., additional, Robbe-Dubois, S., additional, Henning, Th., additional, Weigelt, G., additional, Glindemann, A., additional, Agocs, T., additional, Bailet, Ch., additional, Beckmann, U., additional, Bettonvil, F., additional, van Boekel, R., additional, Bourget, P., additional, Bresson, Y., additional, Bristow, P., additional, Cruzalèbes, P., additional, Eldswijk, E., additional, Fanteï Caujolle, Y., additional, González Herrera, J. C., additional, Graser, U., additional, Guajardo, P., additional, Heininger, M., additional, Hofmann, K.-H., additional, Kroes, G., additional, Laun, W., additional, Lehmitz, M., additional, Leinert, C., additional, Meisenheimer, K., additional, Morel, S., additional, Neumann, U., additional, Paladini, C., additional, Percheron, I., additional, Riquelme, M., additional, Schoeller, M., additional, Stee, Ph., additional, Venema, L., additional, Woillez, J., additional, Zins, G., additional, Ábrahám, P., additional, Abadie, S., additional, Abuter, R., additional, Accardo, M., additional, Adler, T., additional, Alonso, J., additional, Augereau, J.-C., additional, Böhm, A., additional, Bazin, G., additional, Beltran, J., additional, Bensberg, A., additional, Boland, W., additional, Brast, R., additional, Burtscher, L., additional, Castillo, R., additional, Chelli, A., additional, Cid, C., additional, Clausse, J.-M., additional, Connot, C., additional, Conzelmann, R. D., additional, Danchi, W.-C., additional, Delbo, M., additional, Drevon, J., additional, Dominik, C., additional, van Duin, A., additional, Ebert, M., additional, Eisenhauer, F., additional, Flament, S., additional, Frahm, R., additional, Gámez Rosas, V., additional, Gabasch, A., additional, Gallenne, A., additional, Garces, E., additional, Girard, P., additional, Glazenborg, A., additional, Gonté, F. Y. J., additional, Guitton, F., additional, de Haan, M., additional, Hanenburg, H., additional, Haubois, X., additional, Hocdé, V., additional, Hogerheijde, M., additional, ter Horst, R., additional, Hron, J., additional, Hummel, C. A., additional, Hubin, N., additional, Huerta, R., additional, Idserda, J., additional, Isbell, J. W., additional, Ives, D., additional, Jakob, G., additional, Jaskó, A., additional, Jochum, L., additional, Klarmann, L., additional, Klein, R., additional, Kragt, J., additional, Kuindersma, S., additional, Kokoulina, E., additional, Labadie, L., additional, Lacour, S., additional, Leftley, J., additional, Le Poole, R., additional, Lizon, J.-L., additional, Lopez, M., additional, Lykou, F., additional, Mérand, A., additional, Marcotto, A., additional, Mauclert, N., additional, Maurer, T., additional, Mehrgan, L. H., additional, Meisner, J., additional, Meixner, K., additional, Mellein, M., additional, Menut, J. L., additional, Mohr, L., additional, Mosoni, L., additional, Navarro, R., additional, Nußbaum, E., additional, Pallanca, L., additional, Pantin, E., additional, Pasquini, L., additional, Phan Duc, T., additional, Pott, J.-U., additional, Pozna, E., additional, Richichi, A., additional, Ridinger, A., additional, Rigal, F., additional, Rivinius, Th., additional, Roelfsema, R., additional, Rohloff, R.-R., additional, Rousseau, S., additional, Salabert, D., additional, Schertl, D., additional, Schuhler, N., additional, Schuil, M., additional, Shabun, K., additional, Soulain, A., additional, Stephan, C., additional, Toledo, P., additional, Tristram, K., additional, Tromp, N., additional, Vakili, F., additional, Varga, J., additional, Vinther, J., additional, Waters, L. B. F. M., additional, Wittkowski, M., additional, Wolf, S., additional, Wrhel, F., additional, and Yoffe, G., additional

Published
2022
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25. GRAVITY: Astrometry on the galactic center and beyond

Author

Bartko, H., Perrin, G., Brandner, W., Straubmeier, C., Richichi, A., Gillessen, S., Paumard, T., Hippler, S., Eckart, A., Schöller, M., Eisenhauer, F., Haubois, X., Lenzen, R., Rabien, S., Clénet, Y., Ramos, J.R., Thiel, M., Berger, J.P., Baumeister, H., Kellner, S., Cassaing, F., Böhm, A., Hofmann, R., Gendron, E., Klein, R., Dodds-Eden, K., Houairi, K., Hormuth, F., Gräter, A., Kervella, P., Naranjo, V., Genzel, R., Fédou, P., Henning, T., Hamaus, N., Jocou, L., Neumann, U., Haug, M., Lacour, S., Laun, W., Kolmeder, J., Malbet, F., Rohloff, R.-R., Pfuhl, O., Perraut, K., Ziegleder, J., Rouan, D., Rousset, G., Amorim, A., and Lima, J.

Published
2009
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26. Mid-infrared circumstellar emission of the long-period Cepheid ℓ Carinae resolved with VLTI/MATISSE

Author

Hocdé, V., primary, Nardetto, N., additional, Matter, A., additional, Lagadec, E., additional, Mérand, A., additional, Cruzalèbes, P., additional, Meilland, A., additional, Millour, F., additional, Lopez, B., additional, Berio, P., additional, Weigelt, G., additional, Petrov, R., additional, Isbell, J. W., additional, Jaffe, W., additional, Kervella, P., additional, Glindemann, A., additional, Schöller, M., additional, Allouche, F., additional, Gallenne, A., additional, Domiciano de Souza, A., additional, Niccolini, G., additional, Kokoulina, E., additional, Varga, J., additional, Lagarde, S., additional, Augereau, J.-C., additional, van Boekel, R., additional, Bristow, P., additional, Henning, Th., additional, Hofmann, K.-H., additional, Zins, G., additional, Danchi, W.-C., additional, Delbo, M., additional, Dominik, C., additional, Gámez Rosas, V., additional, Klarmann, L., additional, Hron, J., additional, Hogerheijde, M. R., additional, Meisenheimer, K., additional, Pantin, E., additional, Paladini, C., additional, Robbe-Dubois, S., additional, Schertl, D., additional, Stee, P., additional, Waters, R., additional, Lehmitz, M., additional, Bettonvil, F., additional, Heininger, M., additional, Woillez, J., additional, Wolf, S., additional, Yoffe, G., additional, Szabados, L., additional, Chiavassa, A., additional, Borgniet, S., additional, Breuval, L., additional, Javanmardi, B., additional, Ábrahám, P., additional, Abadie, S., additional, Abuter, R., additional, Accardo, M., additional, Adler, T., additional, Agócs, T., additional, Alonso, J., additional, Antonelli, P., additional, Böhm, A., additional, Bailet, C., additional, Bazin, G., additional, Beckmann, U., additional, Beltran, J., additional, Boland, W., additional, Bourget, P., additional, Brast, R., additional, Bresson, Y., additional, Burtscher, L., additional, Buter, R., additional, Castillo, R., additional, Chelli, A., additional, Cid, C., additional, Clausse, J.-M., additional, Connot, C., additional, Conzelmann, R. D., additional, De Haan, M., additional, Ebert, M., additional, Elswijk, E., additional, Fantei, Y., additional, Frahm, R., additional, Gabasch, A., additional, Garces, E., additional, Girard, P., additional, Glazenborg, A., additional, Gonté, F. Y. J., additional, González Herrera, J. C., additional, Graser, U., additional, Guajardo, P., additional, Guitton, F., additional, Hanenburg, H., additional, Haubois, X., additional, Hubin, N., additional, Huerta, R., additional, Idserda, J., additional, Ives, D., additional, Jakob, G., additional, Jaskó, A., additional, Jochum, L., additional, Klein, R., additional, Kragt, J., additional, Kroes, G., additional, Kuindersma, S., additional, Labadie, L., additional, Laun, W., additional, Le Poole, R., additional, Leinert, C., additional, Lizon, J.-L., additional, Lopez, M., additional, Marcotto, A., additional, Mauclert, N., additional, Maurer, T., additional, Mehrgan, L. H., additional, Meisner, J., additional, Meixner, K., additional, Mellein, M., additional, Mohr, L., additional, Morel, S., additional, Mosoni, L., additional, Navarro, R., additional, Neumann, U., additional, Nußbaum, E., additional, Pallanca, L., additional, Pasquini, L., additional, Percheron, I., additional, Phan Duc, T., additional, Pott, J.-U., additional, Pozna, E., additional, Ridinger, A., additional, Rigal, F., additional, Riquelme, M., additional, Rivinius, Th., additional, Roelfsema, R., additional, Rohloff, R.-R., additional, Rousseau, S., additional, Schuhler, N., additional, Schuil, M., additional, Shabun, K., additional, Soulain, A., additional, Stephan, C., additional, ter Horst, R., additional, Tromp, N., additional, Vakili, F., additional, van Duin, A., additional, Venema, L. B., additional, Vinther, J., additional, Wittkowski, M., additional, and Wrhel, F., additional

Published
2021
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27. The asymmetric inner disk of the Herbig Ae star HD 163296 in the eyes of VLTI/MATISSE: evidence for a vortex?

Author

Varga, J., Hogerheijde, M., van Boekel, R., Klarmann, L., Petrov, R., Waters, L. B. F. M., Lagarde, S., Pantin, E., Berio, Ph, Weigelt, G., Robbe-Dubois, S., Lopez, B., Millour, F., Augereau, J-C, Meheut, H., Meilland, A., Henning, Th, Jaffe, W., Bettonvil, F., Bristow, P., Hofmann, K-H, Matter, A., Zins, G., Wolf, S., Allouche, F., Donnan, F., Schertl, D., Dominik, C., Heininger, M., Lehmitz, M., Cruzalebes, P., Glindemann, A., Meisenheimer, K., Paladini, C., Schoeller, M., Woillez, J., Venema, L., Kokoulina, E., Yoffe, G., Abraham, P., Abadie, S., Abuter, R., Accardo, M., Adler, T., Agocs, T., Antonelli, P., Bohm, A., Bailet, C., Bazin, G., Beckmann, U., Beltran, J., Boland, W., Bourget, P., Brast, R., Bresson, Y., Burtscher, L., Castillo, R., Chelli, A., Cid, C., Clausse, J-M, Connot, C., Conzelmann, R. D., Danchi, W-C, De Haan, M., Delbo, M., Ebert, M., Elswijk, E., Fantei, Y., Frahm, R., Rosas, V. Gamez, Gabasch, A., Gallenne, A., Garces, E., Girard, P., Gonte, F. Y. J., Herrera, J. C. Gonzalez, Graser, U., Guajardo, P., Guitton, F., Haubois, X., Hron, J., Hubin, N., Huerta, R., Isbell, J. W., Ives, D., Jakob, G., Jasko, A., Jochum, L., Klein, R., Kragt, J., Kroes, G., Kuindersma, S., Labadie, L., Laun, W., Le Poole, R., Leinert, C., Lizon, J-L, Lopez, M., Merand, A., Marcotto, A., Mauclert, N., Maurer, T., Mehrgan, L. H., Meisner, J., Meixner, K., Mellein, M., Mohr, L., Morel, S., Mosoni, L., Navarro, R., Neumann, U., Nussbaum, E., Pallanca, L., Pasquini, L., Percheron, I, Pott, J-U, Pozna, E., Ridinger, A., Rigal, F., Riquelme, M., Rivinius, Th, Roelfsema, R., Rohloff, R-R, Rousseau, S., Schuhler, N., Schuil, M., Soulain, A., Stee, P., Stephan, C., ter Horst, R., Tromp, N., Vakili, F., van Duin, A., Vinther, J., Wittkowski, M., Wrhel, F., Varga, J., Hogerheijde, M., van Boekel, R., Klarmann, L., Petrov, R., Waters, L. B. F. M., Lagarde, S., Pantin, E., Berio, Ph, Weigelt, G., Robbe-Dubois, S., Lopez, B., Millour, F., Augereau, J-C, Meheut, H., Meilland, A., Henning, Th, Jaffe, W., Bettonvil, F., Bristow, P., Hofmann, K-H, Matter, A., Zins, G., Wolf, S., Allouche, F., Donnan, F., Schertl, D., Dominik, C., Heininger, M., Lehmitz, M., Cruzalebes, P., Glindemann, A., Meisenheimer, K., Paladini, C., Schoeller, M., Woillez, J., Venema, L., Kokoulina, E., Yoffe, G., Abraham, P., Abadie, S., Abuter, R., Accardo, M., Adler, T., Agocs, T., Antonelli, P., Bohm, A., Bailet, C., Bazin, G., Beckmann, U., Beltran, J., Boland, W., Bourget, P., Brast, R., Bresson, Y., Burtscher, L., Castillo, R., Chelli, A., Cid, C., Clausse, J-M, Connot, C., Conzelmann, R. D., Danchi, W-C, De Haan, M., Delbo, M., Ebert, M., Elswijk, E., Fantei, Y., Frahm, R., Rosas, V. Gamez, Gabasch, A., Gallenne, A., Garces, E., Girard, P., Gonte, F. Y. J., Herrera, J. C. Gonzalez, Graser, U., Guajardo, P., Guitton, F., Haubois, X., Hron, J., Hubin, N., Huerta, R., Isbell, J. W., Ives, D., Jakob, G., Jasko, A., Jochum, L., Klein, R., Kragt, J., Kroes, G., Kuindersma, S., Labadie, L., Laun, W., Le Poole, R., Leinert, C., Lizon, J-L, Lopez, M., Merand, A., Marcotto, A., Mauclert, N., Maurer, T., Mehrgan, L. H., Meisner, J., Meixner, K., Mellein, M., Mohr, L., Morel, S., Mosoni, L., Navarro, R., Neumann, U., Nussbaum, E., Pallanca, L., Pasquini, L., Percheron, I, Pott, J-U, Pozna, E., Ridinger, A., Rigal, F., Riquelme, M., Rivinius, Th, Roelfsema, R., Rohloff, R-R, Rousseau, S., Schuhler, N., Schuil, M., Soulain, A., Stee, P., Stephan, C., ter Horst, R., Tromp, N., Vakili, F., van Duin, A., Vinther, J., Wittkowski, M., and Wrhel, F.

Abstract

Context. A complex environment exists in the inner few astronomical units of planet-forming disks. High-angular-resolution observations play a key role in our understanding of the disk structure and the dynamical processes at work.Aims. In this study we aim to characterize the mid-infrared brightness distribution of the inner disk of the young intermediate-mass star HD 163296 from early VLTI/MATISSE observations taken in the L- and N-bands. We put special emphasis on the detection of potential disk asymmetries.Methods. We use simple geometric models to fit the interferometric visibilities and closure phases. Our models include a smoothed ring, a flat disk with an inner cavity, and a 2D Gaussian. The models can account for disk inclination and for azimuthal asymmetries as well. We also perform numerical hydrodynamical simulations of the inner edge of the disk.Results. Our modeling reveals a significant brightness asymmetry in the L-band disk emission. The brightness maximum of the asymmetry is located at the NW part of the disk image, nearly at the position angle of the semimajor axis. The surface brightness ratio in the azimuthal variation is 3.5 +/- 0.2. Comparing our result on the location of the asymmetry with other interferometric measurements, we confirm that the morphology of the r < 0.3 au disk region is time-variable. We propose that this asymmetric structure, located in or near the inner rim of the dusty disk, orbits the star. To find the physical origin of the asymmetry, we tested a hypothesis where a vortex is created by Rossby wave instability, and we find that a unique large-scale vortex may be compatible with our data. The half-light radius of the L-band-emitting region is 0.33 +/- 0.01 au, the inclination is 52 degrees(+5 degrees)(-7 degrees) 52 degrees-7 degrees+5 degrees , and the position angle is 143 degrees +/- 3 degrees. Our models predict that a non-negligible fraction of the L-band disk emission originates inside the dust sublimation radius fo

Published
2021

28. Mid-infrared circumstellar emission of the long-period Cepheid l Carinae resolved with VLTI/MATISSE

Author

Hocde, V, Nardetto, N., Matter, A., Lagadec, E., Merand, A., Cruzalebes, P., Meilland, A., Millour, F., Lopez, B., Berio, P., Weigelt, G., Petrov, R., Isbell, J. W., Jaffe, W., Kervella, P., Glindemann, A., Scholler, M., Allouche, F., Gallenne, A., de Souza, A. Domiciano, Niccolini, G., Kokoulina, E., Varga, J., Lagarde, S., Augereau, J-C, van Boekel, R., Bristow, P., Henning, Th, Hofmann, K-H, Zins, G., Danchi, W-C, Delbo, M., Dominik, C., Rosas, V. Gamez, Klarmann, L., Hron, J., Hogerheijde, M. R., Meisenheimer, K., Pantin, E., Paladini, C., Robbe-Dubois, S., Schertl, D., Stee, P., Waters, R., Lehmitz, M., Bettonvil, F., Heininger, M., Woillez, J., Wolf, S., Yoffe, G., Szabados, L., Chiavassa, A., Borgniet, S., Breuval, L., Javanmardi, B., Abraham, P., Abadie, S., Abuter, R., Accardo, M., Adler, T., Agocs, T., Alonso, J., Antonelli, P., Bohm, A., Bailet, C., Bazin, G., Beckmann, U., Beltran, J., Boland, W., Bourget, P., Brast, R., Bresson, Y., Burtscher, L., Buter, R., Castillo, R., Chelli, A., Cid, C., Clausse, J-M, Connot, C., Conzelmann, R. D., De Haan, M., Ebert, M., Elswijk, E., Fantei, Y., Frahm, R., Gabasch, A., Garces, E., Girard, P., Glazenborg, A., Gonte, F. Y. J., Herrera, J. C. Gonzalez, Graser, U., Guajardo, P., Guitton, F., Hanenburg, H., Haubois, X., Hubin, N., Huerta, R., Idserda, J., Ives, D., Jakob, G., Jasko, A., Jochum, L., Klein, R., Kragt, J., Kroes, G., Kuindersma, S., Labadie, L., Laun, W., Le Poole, R., Leinert, C., Lizon, J-L, Lopez, M., Marcotto, A., Mauclert, N., Maurer, T., Mehrgan, L. H., Meisner, J., Meixner, K., Mellein, M., Mohr, L., Morel, S., Mosoni, L., Navarro, R., Neumann, U., Nussbaum, E., Pallanca, L., Pasquini, L., Percheron, I, Duc, T. Phan, Pott, J-U, Pozna, E., Ridinger, A., Rigal, F., Riquelme, M., Rivinius, Th, Roelfsema, R., Rohloff, R-R, Rousseau, S., Schuhler, N., Schuil, M., Shabun, K., Soulain, A., Stephan, C., ter Horst, R., Tromp, N., Vakili, F., van Duin, A., Venema, L. B., Vinther, J., Wittkowski, M., Wrhel, F., Hocde, V, Nardetto, N., Matter, A., Lagadec, E., Merand, A., Cruzalebes, P., Meilland, A., Millour, F., Lopez, B., Berio, P., Weigelt, G., Petrov, R., Isbell, J. W., Jaffe, W., Kervella, P., Glindemann, A., Scholler, M., Allouche, F., Gallenne, A., de Souza, A. Domiciano, Niccolini, G., Kokoulina, E., Varga, J., Lagarde, S., Augereau, J-C, van Boekel, R., Bristow, P., Henning, Th, Hofmann, K-H, Zins, G., Danchi, W-C, Delbo, M., Dominik, C., Rosas, V. Gamez, Klarmann, L., Hron, J., Hogerheijde, M. R., Meisenheimer, K., Pantin, E., Paladini, C., Robbe-Dubois, S., Schertl, D., Stee, P., Waters, R., Lehmitz, M., Bettonvil, F., Heininger, M., Woillez, J., Wolf, S., Yoffe, G., Szabados, L., Chiavassa, A., Borgniet, S., Breuval, L., Javanmardi, B., Abraham, P., Abadie, S., Abuter, R., Accardo, M., Adler, T., Agocs, T., Alonso, J., Antonelli, P., Bohm, A., Bailet, C., Bazin, G., Beckmann, U., Beltran, J., Boland, W., Bourget, P., Brast, R., Bresson, Y., Burtscher, L., Buter, R., Castillo, R., Chelli, A., Cid, C., Clausse, J-M, Connot, C., Conzelmann, R. D., De Haan, M., Ebert, M., Elswijk, E., Fantei, Y., Frahm, R., Gabasch, A., Garces, E., Girard, P., Glazenborg, A., Gonte, F. Y. J., Herrera, J. C. Gonzalez, Graser, U., Guajardo, P., Guitton, F., Hanenburg, H., Haubois, X., Hubin, N., Huerta, R., Idserda, J., Ives, D., Jakob, G., Jasko, A., Jochum, L., Klein, R., Kragt, J., Kroes, G., Kuindersma, S., Labadie, L., Laun, W., Le Poole, R., Leinert, C., Lizon, J-L, Lopez, M., Marcotto, A., Mauclert, N., Maurer, T., Mehrgan, L. H., Meisner, J., Meixner, K., Mellein, M., Mohr, L., Morel, S., Mosoni, L., Navarro, R., Neumann, U., Nussbaum, E., Pallanca, L., Pasquini, L., Percheron, I, Duc, T. Phan, Pott, J-U, Pozna, E., Ridinger, A., Rigal, F., Riquelme, M., Rivinius, Th, Roelfsema, R., Rohloff, R-R, Rousseau, S., Schuhler, N., Schuil, M., Shabun, K., Soulain, A., Stephan, C., ter Horst, R., Tromp, N., Vakili, F., van Duin, A., Venema, L. B., Vinther, J., Wittkowski, M., and Wrhel, F.

Abstract

Context. The nature of circumstellar envelopes (CSEs) around Cepheids is a matter of ongoing debate. The physical origin of their infrared (IR) excess could be shown to either be made up of a shell of ionized gas, a dust envelope, or a combination of both.Aims. This study is aimed at constraining the geometry and the IR excess of the environment of the bright long-period Cepheid l Car (P = 35.5 days) at mid-IR wavelengths in order to understand its physical nature.Methods. We first used photometric observations in various bands (from the visible domain to the infrared) and Spitzer Space Telescope spectroscopy to constrain the IR excess of l Car. Then we analyzed the VLTI/MATISSE measurements at a specific phase of observation in order to determine the flux contribution as well as the size and shape of the environment of the star in the L band. Finally, we tested the hypothesis of a shell of ionized gas in order to model the IR excess.Results. We report the first detection in the L band of a centro-symmetric extended emission around l Car, of about 1.7 R-star in full width at half maximum, producing an excess of about 7.0% in this band.This latter value is used to calibrate the IR excess found when comparing the photometric observations in various bands and quasi-static atmosphere models. In the N band, there is no clear evidence for dust emission from VLTI/MATISSE correlated flux and Spitzer data. On the other side, the modeled shell of ionized gas implies a more compact CSE (1.13 0.02 R-star) that is also fainter (IR excess of 1% in the L band).Conclusions. We provide new evidence supporting a compact CSE for l Car and we demonstrate the capabilities of VLTI/MATISSE for determining common properties of CSEs. While the compact CSE of l Car is likely to be of a gaseous nature, the tested model of a shell of ionized gas is not able to simultaneously reproduce the IR excess and the interferometric observations. Further Galactic Cepheid observations with VLTI/MATISSE ar

Published
2021

29. The asymmetric inner disk of the Herbig Ae star HD 163296 in the eyes of VLTI/MATISSE: evidence for a vortex?

Author

Varga, J., primary, Hogerheijde, M., additional, van Boekel, R., additional, Klarmann, L., additional, Petrov, R., additional, Waters, L. B. F. M., additional, Lagarde, S., additional, Pantin, E., additional, Berio, Ph., additional, Weigelt, G., additional, Robbe-Dubois, S., additional, Lopez, B., additional, Millour, F., additional, Augereau, J.-C., additional, Meheut, H., additional, Meilland, A., additional, Henning, Th., additional, Jaffe, W., additional, Bettonvil, F., additional, Bristow, P., additional, Hofmann, K.-H., additional, Matter, A., additional, Zins, G., additional, Wolf, S., additional, Allouche, F., additional, Donnan, F., additional, Schertl, D., additional, Dominik, C., additional, Heininger, M., additional, Lehmitz, M., additional, Cruzalèbes, P., additional, Glindemann, A., additional, Meisenheimer, K., additional, Paladini, C., additional, Schöller, M., additional, Woillez, J., additional, Venema, L., additional, Kokoulina, E., additional, Yoffe, G., additional, Ábrahám, P., additional, Abadie, S., additional, Abuter, R., additional, Accardo, M., additional, Adler, T., additional, Agócs, T., additional, Antonelli, P., additional, Böhm, A., additional, Bailet, C., additional, Bazin, G., additional, Beckmann, U., additional, Beltran, J., additional, Boland, W., additional, Bourget, P., additional, Brast, R., additional, Bresson, Y., additional, Burtscher, L., additional, Castillo, R., additional, Chelli, A., additional, Cid, C., additional, Clausse, J.-M., additional, Connot, C., additional, Conzelmann, R. D., additional, Danchi, W.-C., additional, De Haan, M., additional, Delbo, M., additional, Ebert, M., additional, Elswijk, E., additional, Fantei, Y., additional, Frahm, R., additional, Gámez Rosas, V., additional, Gabasch, A., additional, Gallenne, A., additional, Garces, E., additional, Girard, P., additional, Gonté, F. Y. J., additional, González Herrera, J. C., additional, Graser, U., additional, Guajardo, P., additional, Guitton, F., additional, Haubois, X., additional, Hron, J., additional, Hubin, N., additional, Huerta, R., additional, Isbell, J. W., additional, Ives, D., additional, Jakob, G., additional, Jaskó, A., additional, Jochum, L., additional, Klein, R., additional, Kragt, J., additional, Kroes, G., additional, Kuindersma, S., additional, Labadie, L., additional, Laun, W., additional, Le Poole, R., additional, Leinert, C., additional, Lizon, J.-L., additional, Lopez, M., additional, Mérand, A., additional, Marcotto, A., additional, Mauclert, N., additional, Maurer, T., additional, Mehrgan, L. H., additional, Meisner, J., additional, Meixner, K., additional, Mellein, M., additional, Mohr, L., additional, Morel, S., additional, Mosoni, L., additional, Navarro, R., additional, Neumann, U., additional, Nußbaum, E., additional, Pallanca, L., additional, Pasquini, L., additional, Percheron, I., additional, Pott, J.-U., additional, Pozna, E., additional, Ridinger, A., additional, Rigal, F., additional, Riquelme, M., additional, Rivinius, Th., additional, Roelfsema, R., additional, Rohloff, R.-R., additional, Rousseau, S., additional, Schuhler, N., additional, Schuil, M., additional, Soulain, A., additional, Stee, P., additional, Stephan, C., additional, ter Horst, R., additional, Tromp, N., additional, Vakili, F., additional, van Duin, A., additional, Vinther, J., additional, Wittkowski, M., additional, and Wrhel, F., additional

Published
2021
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30. MIDI – the 10 μm instrument on the VLTI

Author

Leinert, Ch., Graser, U., Przygodda, F., Waters, L.B.F.M., Perrin, G., Jaffe, W., Lopez, B., Bakker, E.J., Böhm, A., Chesneau, O., Cotton, W.D., Damstra, S., de Jong, J., Glazenborg-Kluttig, A.W., Grimm, B., Hanenburg, H., Laun, W., Lenzen, R., Ligori, S., Mathar, R.J., Meisner, J., Morel, S., Morr, W., Neumann, U., Pel, J.-W., Schuller, P., Rohloff, R.-R., Stecklum, B., Storz, C., von der Lühe, O., and Wagner, K.

Published
2003
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31. LINC-NIRVANA: MCAO toward Extremely Large Telescopes

Author

Gaessler, W., Arcidiacono, C., Egner, S., Herbst, T.M., Andersen, D., Baumeister, H., Bizenberger, P., Boehnhardt, H., Briegel, F., Kuerster, M., Laun, W., Mohr, L., Grimm, B., Rix, H.-W., Rohloff, R.-R., Soci, R., Storz, C., Xu, W., Ragazzoni, R., Salinari, P., Diolaiti, E., Farinato, J., Carbillet, M., Schreiber, L., Eckart, A., Bertram, T., Straubmeier, C., Wang, Y., Zealouk, L., Weigelt, G., Beckmann, U., Behrend, J., Driebe, T., Heininger, M., Hofmann, K.-H., Nußbaum, E., Schertel, D., and Masciadri, E.

Published
2005
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33. Hunting Exoplanets with Single-Mode Optical Interferometry

Author

Abuter, R., Accardo, M., Adler, T., Amorim, A., Anugu, N., Ávila, G., Bauböck, M., Benisty, M., Berger, J.-P., Bestenlehner, J. M., Beust, H., Blind, N., Bonnefoy, M., BONNET, H., Bourget, P., Bouvier, J., Brandner, W., Brast, R., Buron, A., Burtscher, L., Cantalloube, F., Caratti O Garatti, A., Caselli, P., Cassaing, F., Chapron, F., Charnay, B., Choquet, E., Clénet, Y., Collin, C., Coudé Du Foresto, V., Davies, R., Deen, C., Delplancke-Ströbele, F., Dembet, R., Derie, F., de Wit, W.-J., Dexter, J., De Zeeuw, T., Dougados, C., Dubus, G., Duvert, G., Ebert, M., Eckart, A., Eisenhauer, F., Esselborn, M., Eupen, F., Fédou, P., Ferreira, M. C., Finger, G., Förster Schreiber, N. M., Gao, F., García Dabó, C. E., Garcia Lopez, R., Garcia, P. J. V., Gendron, É., Genzel, R., Gerhard, O., Gil, J. P., Gillessen, S., Gonté, F., Gordo, P., Gratadour, D., Greenbaum, A., Grellmann, R., Grözinger, U., Guajardo, P., Guieu, S., Habibi, M., Haguenauer, P., Hans, O., Haubois, X., Haug, M., Haußmann, F., Henning, T., Hippler, S., Hönig, S. F., Horrobin, M., Huber, A., Hubert, Z., Hubin, N., Hummel, C. A., Jakob, G., Janssen, A., Jimenez Rosales, A., Jochum, L., Jocou, L., Kammerer, J., Karl, M., Kaufer, A., Kellner, S., Kendrew, S., Kern, L., Kervella, P., Kiekebusch, M., Kishimoto, M., Klarmann, L., Klein, R., Köhler, R., Kok, Y., Kolb, J., Koutoulaki, M., Kulas, M., Labadie, L., Lacour, S., Lagrange, A.-M., Lapeyrère, V., Laun, W., Lazareff, B., Le Bouquin, J.-B., Léna, P., Lenzen, R., Lévêque, S., Lin, C.-C., Lippa, M., Lutz, D., Magnard, Y., Maire, A.-L., Mehrgan, L., Mérand, A., Millour, F., Mollière, P., Moulin, T., Müller, A., Müller, E., Müller, F., Netzer, H., Neumann, U., Nowak, M., Oberti, S., Ott, T., Pallanca, L., Panduro, J., Pasquini, L., Paumard, T., Percheron, I., Perraut, K., Perrin, G., Peterson, B. M., Petrucci, P.-O., Pflüger, A., Pfuhl, O., Phan Duc, T., Pineda, J. E., Plewa, P. m., Popovic, D., Pott, J.-U., Prieto, A., Pueyo, L., Rabien, S., Ramírez, A., Ramos, J. R., Rau, C., Ray, T., Riquelme, M., Rodríguez-Coira, G., Rohloff, R.-R., Rouan, D., Rousset, G., Sanchez-Bermudez, J., Schartmann, M., Scheithauer, S., Schöller, M., Schuhler, N., Segura-Cox, D., Shangguan, J., Shimizu, T. T., Spyromilio, J., Sternberg, A., Stock, M. R., Straub, O., Straubmeier, C., Sturm, E., Suárez Valles, M., Tacconi, L. J., Thi, W.-F., Tristram, K. R. W., Valenzuela, J. J., Van Boekel, R., Van Dishoeck, E. F., Vermot, P., Vincent, F., Von fellenberg, S., Waisberg, I., Wang, J. J., Wank, I., Weber, J., Weigelt, G., Widmann, F., Wieprecht, E., Wiest, M., Wiezorrek, E., Wittkowski, M., Woillez, J., Wolff, B., Yang, P., Yazici, S., Ziegler, D., Zins, G., and European Southern Observatory (ESO)

Subjects
[SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics
Abstract

The GRAVITY instrument was primarily conceived for imaging and astrometry of the Galactic centre. However, its sensitivity and astrometric capabilities have also enabled interferometry to reach a new domain of astrophysics: exoplanetology. In March 2019, the GRAVITY collaboration published the first spectrum and astrometry of an exoplanet obtained by optical interferometry. In this article, we show how this observation is paving the way to even more exciting discoveries — finding new planets, and characterising their atmospheres., Published in The Messenger vol. 178, pp. 47-49, December 2019.

Published
2019
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34. Images at the Highest Angular Resolution with GRAVITY: The Case of η Carinae

Author

Abuter, R., Accardo, M., Adler, T., Amorim, A., Anugu, N., Ávila, G., Bauböck, M., Benisty, M., Berger, J.-P., Bestenlehner, J. M., Beust, H., Blind, N., Bonnefoy, M., BONNET, H., Bourget, P., Bouvier, J., Brandner, W., Brast, R., Buron, A., Burtscher, L., Cantalloube, F., Caratti O Garatti, A., Caselli, P., Cassaing, F., Chapron, F., Charnay, B., Choquet, E., Clénet, Y., Collin, C., Coudé Du Foresto, V., Davies, R., Deen, C., Delplancke-Ströbele, F., Dembet, R., Derie, F., de Wit, W.-J., Dexter, J., De Zeeuw, T., Dougados, C., Dubus, G., Duvert, G., Ebert, M., Eckart, A., Eisenhauer, F., Esselborn, M., Eupen, F., Fédou, P., Ferreira, M. C., Finger, G., Förster Schreiber, N. M., Gao, F., García Dabó, C. E., Garcia Lopez, R., Garcia, P. J. V., Gendron, É., Genzel, R., Gerhard, O., Gil, J. P., Gillessen, S., Gonté, F., Gordo, P., Gratadour, D., Greenbaum, A., Grellmann, R., Grözinger, U., Guajardo, P., Guieu, S., Habibi, M., Haguenauer, P., Hans, O., Haubois, X., Haug, M., Haußmann, F., Henning, T., Hippler, S., Hönig, S. F., Horrobin, M., Huber, A., Hubert, Z., Hubin, N., Hummel, C. A., Jakob, G., Janssen, A., Jimenez Rosales, A., Jochum, L., Jocou, L., Kammerer, J., Karl, M., Kaufer, A., Kellner, S., Kendrew, S., Kern, L., Kervella, P., Kiekebusch, M., Kishimoto, M., Klarmann, L., Klein, R., Köhler, R., Kok, Y., Kolb, J., Koutoulaki, M., Kulas, M., Labadie, L., Lacour, S., Lagrange, A.-M., Lapeyrère, V., Laun, W., Lazareff, B., Le Bouquin, J.-B., Léna, P., Lenzen, R., Lévêque, S., Lin, C.-C., Lippa, M., Lutz, D., Magnard, Y., Maire, A.-L., Mehrgan, L., Mérand, A., Millour, F., Mollière, P., Moulin, T., Müller, A., Müller, E., Müller, F., Netzer, H., Neumann, U., Nowak, M., Oberti, S., Ott, T., Pallanca, L., Panduro, J., Pasquini, L., Paumard, T., Percheron, I., Perraut, K., Perrin, G., Peterson, B. M., Petrucci, P.-O., Pflüger, A., Pfuhl, O., Phan Duc, T., Pineda, J. E., Plewa, P. m., Popovic, D., Pott, J.-U., Prieto, A., Pueyo, L., Rabien, S., Ramírez, A., Ramos, J. R., Rau, C., Ray, T., Riquelme, M., Rodríguez-Coira, G., Rohloff, R.-R., Rouan, D., Rousset, G., Sanchez-Bermudez, J., Schartmann, M., Scheithauer, S., Schöller, M., Schuhler, N., Segura-Cox, D., Shangguan, J., Shimizu, T. T., Spyromilio, J., Sternberg, A., Stock, M. R., Straub, O., Straubmeier, C., Sturm, E., Suárez Valles, M., Tacconi, L. J., Thi, W.-F., Tristram, K. R. W., Valenzuela, J. J., Van Boekel, R., Van Dishoeck, E. F., Vermot, P., Vincent, F., Von fellenberg, S., Waisberg, I., Wang, J. J., Wank, I., Weber, J., Weigelt, G., Widmann, F., Wieprecht, E., Wiest, M., Wiezorrek, E., Wittkowski, M., Woillez, J., Wolff, B., Yang, P., Yazici, S., Ziegler, D., Zins, G., and European Southern Observatory (ESO)

Subjects
[SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, 0103 physical sciences, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 01 natural sciences
Abstract

The main goal of an interferometer is to probe the physics of astronomical objects at the highest possible angular resolution. The most intuitive way of doing this is by reconstructing images from the interferometric data. GRAVITY at the Very Large Telescope Interferometer (VLTI) has proven to be a fantastic instrument in this endeavour. In this article, we describe the reconstruction of the wind-wind collision cavity of the massive binary η Car with GRAVITY across two spectral lines: HeI and Brγ., Published in The Messenger vol. 178, pp. 31-33, December 2019.

Published
2019
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35. Spatially Resolving the Quasar Broad Emission Line Region

Author

Abuter, R., Accardo, M., Adler, T., Amorim, A., Anugu, N., Ávila, G., Bauböck, M., Benisty, M., Berger, J.-P., Bestenlehner, J.M., Beust, H., Blind, N., Bonnefoy, M., Bonnet, H., Bourget, P., Bouvier, J., Brandner, W., Brast, R., Buron, A., Burtscher, L.H., Cantalloube, F., Caratti, O, Garatti, A., Caselli, P., Cassaing, F., Chapron, F., Charnay, B., Choquet, É., Clénet, Y., Collin, C., Coudé Du, Foresto, V., Davies, R., Deen, C., Delplancke-Ströbele, F., Dembet, R., Derie, F., De Wit, W.-J., Dexter, J., Zeeuw, T. de, Dougados, C., Dubus, G., Duvert, G., Ebert, M., Eckart, A., Eisenhauer, F., Esselborn, M., Eupen, F., Fédou, P., Ferreira, M.C., Finger, G., Förster Schreiber, N.M., Gao, F., García Dabó, C.E., Garcia Lopez, R., Garcia, P.J.V., Gendron, É., Genzel, R., Gerhard, O., Gil, J.P., Gillessen, S., Gonté, F., Gordo, P., Gratadour, D., Greenbaum, A., Grellmann, R., Grözinger, U., Guajardo, P., Guieu, S., Habibi, M., Haguenauer, P., Hans, O., Haubois, X., Haug, M., Haußmann, F., Henning, T., Hippler, S., Hönig, S.F., Horrobin, M., Huber, A., Hubert, Z., Hubin, N., Hummel, C.~A., Jakob, G., Janssen, A., Jimenez Rosales, A., Jochum, L., Jocou, L., Kammerer, J., Karl, M., Kaufer, A., Kellner, S., Kendrew, S., Kern, L., Kervella, P., Kiekebusch, M., Kishimoto, M., Klarmann, L., Klein, R., Köhler, R., Kok, Y., Kolb, J., Koutoulaki, M., Kulas, M., Labadie, L., Lacour, S., Lagrange, A.-M., Lapeyrère, V., Laun, W., Lazareff, B., Le Bouquin, J.-B., Léna, P., Lenzen, R., Lévêque, S., Lin, C.-C., Lippa, M., Lutz, D., Magnard, Y., Maire, A.-L., Mehrgan, L., Mérand, A., Millour, F., Mollière, P., Moulin, T., Müller, A., Müller, E., Müller, F., Netzer, H., Neumann, U., Nowak, M., Oberti, S., Ott, T., Pallanca, L., Panduro, J., Pasquini, L., Paumard, T., Percheron, I., Perraut, K., Perrin, G., Peterson, B.M., Petrucci, P.-O., Pflüger, A., Pfuhl, O., Phan Duc, T., Pineda, J.E., Plewa, P.M., Popovic, D., Pott, J.-U., Prieto, A., Pueyo, L., Rabien, S., Ramírez, A., Ramos, J.R., Rau, C., Ray, T., Riquelme, M., Rodríguez-Coira, G., Rohloff, R.-R., Rouan, D., Rousset, G., Sanchez-Bermudez, J., Schartmann, M., Scheithauer, S., Schöller, M., Schuhler, N., Segura-Cox, D., Shangguan, J., Shimizu, T.T., Spyromilio, J., Sternberg, A., Stock, M.R., Straub, O., Straubmeier, C., Sturm, E., Suárez Valles, M., Tacconi, L.J., Thi, W.-F., Tristram, K.R.W., Valenzuela, J.J., Boekel, R. van, Dishoeck, E.F. van, Vermot, P., Vincent, F., Von Fellenberg, S., Waisberg, I., Wang, J.J., Wank, I., Weber, J., Weigelt, G., Widmann, F., Wieprecht, E., Wiest, M., Wiezorrek, E., Wittkowski, M., Woillez, J., Wolff, B., Yang, P., Yazici, S., Ziegler, D., Zins, G., Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, 0103 physical sciences, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics
Abstract

The angular resolution of the Very Large Telescope Interferometer (VLTI) and the excellent sensitivity of GRAVITY have led to the first detection of spatially resolved kinematics of high velocity atomic gas near an accreting super- massive black hole, revealing rotation on sub-parsec scales in the quasar 3C 273 at a distance of 550 Mpc. The observations can be explained as the result of circular orbits in a thick disc configuration around a 300 million solar mass black hole. Within an ongoing Large Programme, this capability will be used to study the kinematics of atomic gas and its relation to hot dust in a sample of quasars and Seyfert galaxies. We will measure a new radius-luminosity relation from spatially resolved data and test the current methods used to measure black hole mass in large surveys., Published in The Messenger vol. 178, pp. 20-24, December 2019.

Published
2019
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36. Multiple Star Systems in the Orion Nebula

Author

Abuter, R., Accardo, M., Adler, T., Amorim, A., Anugu, N., Ávila, G., Bauböck, M., Benisty, M., Berger, J.-P., Bestenlehner, J. M., Beust, H., Blind, N., Bonnefoy, M., BONNET, H., Bourget, P., Bouvier, J., Brandner, W., Brast, R., Buron, A., Burtscher, L., Cantalloube, F., Caratti O Garatti, A., Caselli, P., Cassaing, F., Chapron, F., Charnay, B., Choquet, E., Clénet, Y., Collin, C., Coudé Du Foresto, V., Davies, R., Deen, C., Delplancke-Ströbele, F., Dembet, R., Derie, F., de Wit, W.-J., Dexter, J., De Zeeuw, T., Dougados, C., Dubus, G., Duvert, G., Ebert, M., Eckart, A., Eisenhauer, F., Esselborn, M., Eupen, F., Fédou, P., Ferreira, M. C., Finger, G., Förster Schreiber, N. M., Gao, F., García Dabó, C. E., Garcia Lopez, R., Garcia, P. J. V., Gendron, É., Genzel, R., Gerhard, O., Gil, J. P., Gillessen, S., Gonté, F., Gordo, P., Gratadour, D., Greenbaum, A., Grellmann, R., Grözinger, U., Guajardo, P., Guieu, S., Habibi, M., Haguenauer, P., Hans, O., Haubois, X., Haug, M., Haußmann, F., Henning, T., Hippler, S., Hönig, S. F., Horrobin, M., Huber, A., Hubert, Z., Hubin, N., Hummel, C. A., Jakob, G., Janssen, A., Jimenez Rosales, A., Jochum, L., Jocou, L., Kammerer, J., Karl, M., Kaufer, A., Kellner, S., Kendrew, S., Kern, L., Kervella, P., Kiekebusch, M., Kishimoto, M., Klarmann, L., Klein, R., Köhler, R., Kok, Y., Kolb, J., Koutoulaki, M., Kulas, M., Labadie, L., Lacour, S., Lagrange, A.-M., Lapeyrère, V., Laun, W., Lazareff, B., Le Bouquin, J.-B., Léna, P., Lenzen, R., Lévêque, S., Lin, C.-C., Lippa, M., Lutz, D., Magnard, Y., Maire, A.-L., Mehrgan, L., Mérand, A., Millour, F., Mollière, P., Moulin, T., Müller, A., Müller, E., Müller, F., Netzer, H., Neumann, U., Nowak, M., Oberti, S., Ott, T., Pallanca, L., Panduro, J., Pasquini, L., Paumard, T., Percheron, I., Perraut, K., Perrin, G., Peterson, B. M., Petrucci, P.-O., Pflüger, A., Pfuhl, O., Phan Duc, T., Pineda, J. E., Plewa, P. m., Popovic, D., Pott, J.-U., Prieto, A., Pueyo, L., Rabien, S., Ramírez, A., Ramos, J. R., Rau, C., Ray, T., Riquelme, M., Rodríguez-Coira, G., Rohloff, R.-R., Rouan, D., Rousset, G., Sanchez-Bermudez, J., Schartmann, M., Scheithauer, S., Schöller, M., Schuhler, N., Segura-Cox, D., Shangguan, J., Shimizu, T. T., Spyromilio, J., Sternberg, A., Stock, M. R., Straub, O., Straubmeier, C., Sturm, E., Suárez Valles, M., Tacconi, L. J., Thi, W.-F., Tristram, K. R. W., Valenzuela, J. J., Van Boekel, R., Van Dishoeck, E. F., Vermot, P., Vincent, F., Von fellenberg, S., Waisberg, I., Wang, J. J., Wank, I., Weber, J., Weigelt, G., Widmann, F., Wieprecht, E., Wiest, M., Wiezorrek, E., Wittkowski, M., Woillez, J., Wolff, B., Yang, P., Yazici, S., Ziegler, D., Zins, G., and European Southern Observatory (ESO)

Subjects
[SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics
Abstract

GRAVITY observations reveal that most massive stars in the Orion Trapezium cluster live in multiple systems. Our deep, milliarcsecond-resolution interferometry fills the gap at 1–100 astronomical units (au), which is not accessible to traditional imaging and spectroscopy, but is crucial to uncovering the mystery of high-mass star formation.The new observations find a significantly higher companion fraction than earlier studies of mostly OB associations. The observed distribution of mass ratios declines steeply with mass and follows a Salpeter power-law initial mass function. The observations therefore exclude stellar mergers as the dominant formation mechanism for massive stars in Orion., Published in The Messenger vol. 178, pp. 36-38, December 2019.

Published
2019
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37. Spatially Resolving the Inner Gaseous Disc of the Herbig Star 51 Oph through its CO Ro-vibration Emission

Author

Abuter, R., Accardo, M., Adler, T., Amorim, A., Anugu, N., Ávila, G., Bauböck, M., Benisty, M., Berger, J.-P., Bestenlehner, J. M., Beust, H., Blind, N., Bonnefoy, M., BONNET, H., Bourget, P., Bouvier, J., Brandner, W., Brast, R., Buron, A., Burtscher, L., Cantalloube, F., Caratti O Garatti, A., Caselli, P., Cassaing, F., Chapron, F., Charnay, B., Choquet, E., Clénet, Y., Collin, C., Coudé Du Foresto, V., Davies, R., Deen, C., Delplancke-Ströbele, F., Dembet, R., Derie, F., de Wit, W.-J., Dexter, J., De Zeeuw, T., Dougados, C., Dubus, G., Duvert, G., Ebert, M., Eckart, A., Eisenhauer, F., Esselborn, M., Eupen, F., Fédou, P., Ferreira, M. C., Finger, G., Förster Schreiber, N. M., Gao, F., García Dabó, C. E., Garcia Lopez, R., Garcia, P. J. V., Gendron, É., Genzel, R., Gerhard, O., Gil, J. P., Gillessen, S., Gonté, F., Gordo, P., Gratadour, D., Greenbaum, A., Grellmann, R., Grözinger, U., Guajardo, P., Guieu, S., Habibi, M., Haguenauer, P., Hans, O., Haubois, X., Haug, M., Haußmann, F., Henning, T., Hippler, S., Hönig, S. F., Horrobin, M., Huber, A., Hubert, Z., Hubin, N., Hummel, C. A., Jakob, G., Janssen, A., Jimenez Rosales, A., Jochum, L., Jocou, L., Kammerer, J., Karl, M., Kaufer, A., Kellner, S., Kendrew, S., Kern, L., Kervella, P., Kiekebusch, M., Kishimoto, M., Klarmann, L., Klein, R., Köhler, R., Kok, Y., Kolb, J., Koutoulaki, M., Kulas, M., Labadie, L., Lacour, S., Lagrange, A.-M., Lapeyrère, V., Laun, W., Lazareff, B., Le Bouquin, J.-B., Léna, P., Lenzen, R., Lévêque, S., Lin, C.-C., Lippa, M., Lutz, D., Magnard, Y., Maire, A.-L., Mehrgan, L., Mérand, A., Millour, F., Mollière, P., Moulin, T., Müller, A., Müller, E., Müller, F., Netzer, H., Neumann, U., Nowak, M., Oberti, S., Ott, T., Pallanca, L., Panduro, J., Pasquini, L., Paumard, T., Percheron, I., Perraut, K., Perrin, G., Peterson, B. M., Petrucci, P.-O., Pflüger, A., Pfuhl, O., Phan Duc, T., Pineda, J. E., Plewa, P. m., Popovic, D., Pott, J.-U., Prieto, A., Pueyo, L., Rabien, S., Ramírez, A., Ramos, J. R., Rau, C., Ray, T., Riquelme, M., Rodríguez-Coira, G., Rohloff, R.-R., Rouan, D., Rousset, G., Sanchez-Bermudez, J., Schartmann, M., Scheithauer, S., Schöller, M., Schuhler, N., Segura-Cox, D., Shangguan, J., Shimizu, T. T., Spyromilio, J., Sternberg, A., Stock, M. R., Straub, O., Straubmeier, C., Sturm, E., Suárez Valles, M., Tacconi, L. J., Thi, W.-F., Tristram, K. R. W., Valenzuela, J. J., Van Boekel, R., Van Dishoeck, E. F., Vermot, P., Vincent, F., Von fellenberg, S., Waisberg, I., Wang, J. J., Wank, I., Weber, J., Weigelt, G., Widmann, F., Wieprecht, E., Wiest, M., Wiezorrek, E., Wittkowski, M., Woillez, J., Wolff, B., Yang, P., Yazici, S., Ziegler, D., Zins, G., and European Southern Observatory (ESO)

Subjects
[SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics
Abstract

Near-infrared interferometry gives us the opportunity to spatially resolve the circumstellar environment of young stars at sub-astronomical-unit (au) scales, which a standalone telescope could not reach. In particular, the sensitivity of GRAVITY on the VLTI allows us to spatially resolve the CO overtone emission at 2.3 microns. In this article, we present a new method of using the model of the CO spectrum to reconstruct the differential phase signal and extract the geometry and size of the emitting region., Published in The Messenger vol. 178, pp. 40-42, December 2019.

Published
2019
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38. An Image of the Dust Sublimation Region in the Nucleus of NGC 1068

Author

Abuter, R., Accardo, M., Adler, T., Amorim, A., Anugu, N., Ávila, G., Bauböck, M., Benisty, M., Berger, J.-P., Bestenlehner, J. M., Beust, H., Blind, N., Bonnefoy, M., BONNET, H., Bourget, P., Bouvier, J., Brandner, W., Brast, R., Buron, A., Burtscher, L., Cantalloube, F., Caratti O Garatti, A., Caselli, P., Cassaing, F., Chapron, F., Charnay, B., Choquet, E., Clénet, Y., Collin, C., Coudé Du Foresto, V., Davies, R., Deen, C., Delplancke-Ströbele, F., Dembet, R., Derie, F., de Wit, W.-J., Dexter, J., De Zeeuw, T., Dougados, C., Dubus, G., Duvert, G., Ebert, M., Eckart, A., Eisenhauer, F., Esselborn, M., Eupen, F., Fédou, P., Ferreira, M. C., Finger, G., Förster Schreiber, N. M., Gao, F., García Dabó, C. E., Garcia Lopez, R., Garcia, P. J. V., Gendron, É., Genzel, R., Gerhard, O., Gil, J. P., Gillessen, S., Gonté, F., Gordo, P., Gratadour, D., Greenbaum, A., Grellmann, R., Grözinger, U., Guajardo, P., Guieu, S., Habibi, M., Haguenauer, P., Hans, O., Haubois, X., Haug, M., Haußmann, F., Henning, T., Hippler, S., Hönig, S. F., Horrobin, M., Huber, A., Hubert, Z., Hubin, N., Hummel, C. A., Jakob, G., Janssen, A., Jimenez Rosales, A., Jochum, L., Jocou, L., Kammerer, J., Karl, M., Kaufer, A., Kellner, S., Kendrew, S., Kern, L., Kervella, P., Kiekebusch, M., Kishimoto, M., Klarmann, L., Klein, R., Köhler, R., Kok, Y., Kolb, J., Koutoulaki, M., Kulas, M., Labadie, L., Lacour, S., Lagrange, A.-M., Lapeyrère, V., Laun, W., Lazareff, B., Le Bouquin, J.-B., Léna, P., Lenzen, R., Lévêque, S., Lin, C.-C., Lippa, M., Lutz, D., Magnard, Y., Maire, A.-L., Mehrgan, L., Mérand, A., Millour, F., Mollière, P., Moulin, T., Müller, A., Müller, E., Müller, F., Netzer, H., Neumann, U., Nowak, M., Oberti, S., Ott, T., Pallanca, L., Panduro, J., Pasquini, L., Paumard, T., Percheron, I., Perraut, K., Perrin, G., Peterson, B. M., Petrucci, P.-O., Pflüger, A., Pfuhl, O., Phan Duc, T., Pineda, J. E., Plewa, P. m., Popovic, D., Pott, J.-U., Prieto, A., Pueyo, L., Rabien, S., Ramírez, A., Ramos, J. R., Rau, C., Ray, T., Riquelme, M., Rodríguez-Coira, G., Rohloff, R.-R., Rouan, D., Rousset, G., Sanchez-Bermudez, J., Schartmann, M., Scheithauer, S., Schöller, M., Schuhler, N., Segura-Cox, D., Shangguan, J., Shimizu, T. T., Spyromilio, J., Sternberg, A., Stock, M. R., Straub, O., Straubmeier, C., Sturm, E., Suárez Valles, M., Tacconi, L. J., Thi, W.-F., Tristram, K. R. W., Valenzuela, J. J., Van Boekel, R., Van Dishoeck, E. F., Vermot, P., Vincent, F., Von fellenberg, S., Waisberg, I., Wang, J. J., Wank, I., Weber, J., Weigelt, G., Widmann, F., Wieprecht, E., Wiest, M., Wiezorrek, E., Wittkowski, M., Woillez, J., Wolff, B., Yang, P., Yazici, S., Ziegler, D., Zins, G., Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, 0103 physical sciences, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics
Abstract

The superb resolution of the Very Large Telescope Interferometer (VLTI) and the unrivalled sensitivity of GRAVITY have allowed us to reconstruct the first detailed image of the dust sublimation region in an active galaxy. In the nearby archetypal Seyfert 2 galaxy NGC 1068, the 2 µm continuum emission traces a highly inclined thin ring-like structure with a radius of 0.24 pc. The observed morphology challenges the picture of a geometrically and optically thick torus., Published in The Messenger vol. 178, pp. 24-26, December 2019.

Published
2019
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39. Probing the Discs of Herbig Ae/Be Stars at Terrestrial Orbits

Author

Abuter, R., Accardo, M., Adler, T., Amorim, A., Anugu, N., Ávila, G., Bauböck, M., Benisty, M., Berger, J.-P., Bestenlehner, J. M., Beust, H., Blind, N., Bonnefoy, M., BONNET, H., Bourget, P., Bouvier, J., Brandner, W., Brast, R., Buron, A., Burtscher, L., Cantalloube, F., Caratti O Garatti, A., Caselli, P., Cassaing, F., Chapron, F., Charnay, B., Choquet, E., Clénet, Y., Collin, C., Coudé Du Foresto, V., Davies, R., Deen, C., Delplancke-Ströbele, F., Dembet, R., Derie, F., de Wit, W.-J., Dexter, J., De Zeeuw, T., Dougados, C., Dubus, G., Duvert, G., Ebert, M., Eckart, A., Eisenhauer, F., Esselborn, M., Eupen, F., Fédou, P., Ferreira, M. C., Finger, G., Förster Schreiber, N. M., Gao, F., García Dabó, C. E., Garcia Lopez, R., Garcia, P. J. V., Gendron, É., Genzel, R., Gerhard, O., Gil, J. P., Gillessen, S., Gonté, F., Gordo, P., Gratadour, D., Greenbaum, A., Grellmann, R., Grözinger, U., Guajardo, P., Guieu, S., Habibi, M., Haguenauer, P., Hans, O., Haubois, X., Haug, M., Haußmann, F., Henning, T., Hippler, S., Hönig, S. F., Horrobin, M., Huber, A., Hubert, Z., Hubin, N., Hummel, C. A., Jakob, G., Janssen, A., Jimenez Rosales, A., Jochum, L., Jocou, L., Kammerer, J., Karl, M., Kaufer, A., Kellner, S., Kendrew, S., Kern, L., Kervella, P., Kiekebusch, M., Kishimoto, M., Klarmann, L., Klein, R., Köhler, R., Kok, Y., Kolb, J., Koutoulaki, M., Kulas, M., Labadie, L., Lacour, S., Lagrange, A.-M., Lapeyrère, V., Laun, W., Lazareff, B., Le Bouquin, J.-B., Léna, P., Lenzen, R., Lévêque, S., Lin, C.-C., Lippa, M., Lutz, D., Magnard, Y., Maire, A.-L., Mehrgan, L., Mérand, A., Millour, F., Mollière, P., Moulin, T., Müller, A., Müller, E., Müller, F., Netzer, H., Neumann, U., Nowak, M., Oberti, S., Ott, T., Pallanca, L., Panduro, J., Pasquini, L., Paumard, T., Percheron, I., Perraut, K., Perrin, G., Peterson, B. M., Petrucci, P.-O., Pflüger, A., Pfuhl, O., Phan Duc, T., Pineda, J. E., Plewa, P. m., Popovic, D., Pott, J.-U., Prieto, A., Pueyo, L., Rabien, S., Ramírez, A., Ramos, J. R., Rau, C., Ray, T., Riquelme, M., Rodríguez-Coira, G., Rohloff, R.-R., Rouan, D., Rousset, G., Sanchez-Bermudez, J., Schartmann, M., Scheithauer, S., Schöller, M., Schuhler, N., Segura-Cox, D., Shangguan, J., Shimizu, T. T., Spyromilio, J., Sternberg, A., Stock, M. R., Straub, O., Straubmeier, C., Sturm, E., Suárez Valles, M., Tacconi, L. J., Thi, W.-F., Tristram, K. R. W., Valenzuela, J. J., Van Boekel, R., Van Dishoeck, E. F., Vermot, P., Vincent, F., Von fellenberg, S., Waisberg, I., Wang, J. J., Wank, I., Weber, J., Weigelt, G., Widmann, F., Wieprecht, E., Wiest, M., Wiezorrek, E., Wittkowski, M., Woillez, J., Wolff, B., Yang, P., Yazici, S., Ziegler, D., Zins, G., and European Southern Observatory (ESO)

Subjects
[SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics
Abstract

More than 4000 exoplanets are known to date in systems that differ greatly from our Solar System. In particular, inner exoplanets tend to follow orbits around their parent star that are much more compact than that of Earth. These systems are also extremely diverse, covering a range of intrinsic properties. Studying the main physi- cal processes at play in the innermost regions of the protoplanetary discs is crucial to understanding how these planets form and migrate so close to their host. With GRAVITY, we focused on the study of near-infrared emission of a sample of young intermediate- mass stars, the Herbig Ae/Be stars., Published in The Messenger vol. 178, pp. 38-40, December 2019.

Published
2019
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40. Status of the mid-IR ELT imager and spectrograph (METIS)

Author

Brandl, B., Absil, O., Agócs, T., Baccichet, N., Bertram, T., Bettonvil, F., van Boekel, R., Burtscher, L., van Dishoeck, E., Feldt, M., Garcia, P., Glasse, A., Glauser, A., Güdel, M., Haupt, C., Kenworthy, M., Labadie, L., Laun, W., Lesman, D., Pantin, E., Quanz, S., Snellen, I., Siebenmorgen, R., and van Winckel, H.

Abstract

The Mid-Infrared ELT Imager and Spectrograph (METIS) is one of three first light instruments on the ELT. It will provide high-contrast imaging and medium resolution, slit-spectroscopy from 3 - 19um, as well as high resolution (R 100,000) integral field spectroscopy from 2.9-5.3µm. All modes observe at the diffraction limit of the ELT, by means of adaptive optics, yielding angular resolutions of a few tens of milliarcseconds. The range of METIS science is broad, from Solar System objects to active galactic nuclei (AGN). We will present an update on the main science drivers for METIS: circum-stellar disks and exoplanets. The METIS project is now in full steam, approaching its preliminary design review (PDR) in 2018. In this paper we will present the current status of its optical, mechanical and thermal design as well as operational aspects. We will also discuss the challenges of building an instrument for the ELT, and the required technologies.

Published
2018

41. CARMENES: high-resolution spectra and precise radial velocities in the red and infrared

Author

Quirrenbach, Andreas, Amado, Pedro J., Ribas, Ignasi, Reiners, Ansgar, Caballero, J. A., Seifert, W., Aceituno, Jesús, Azzaro, M., Baroch, David, Barrado y Navascués, David, Bauer, Florian Franz, Kehr, M., Pavlov, A., Fernández, Matilde, Hernández Hernando, F., Schäfer, S., Cortés-Contreras, M., Abellán, F. J., Guàrdia, J., Cardona Guillén, C., Mundt, R., Mandel, H., Abril, Miguel, Zhao, Z., Alonso-Floriano, F. Javier, Ammler-von Eiff, M., Anglada-Escudé, Guillem, Huke, P., Lara, Luisa María, Tal-Or, L., Moya, A., López Salas, J.F., Moreno-Raya, M.E., Storz, C., Anwand-Heerwart, H., Reffert, S., Gaisné, G., Hernández Castaño, L., Gallardo, I., Gálvez-Ortiz, M. C., García-Piquer, A., Lodieu, N., Passegger, V.M., Galadí-Enriquez, D., Czesla, S., Schmidt, C., Perryman, M. A. C., Sarmiento, L. F., Brinkmöller, M., García-Vargas, M. L., Tala Pinto, M., Guijarro, A., López-Puertas, Manuel, Hedrosa, R.P., Lampón, M., Hermann, D., Hermelo, I., Panduro, J., Schmitt, Jürgen H. M. M., Jeffers, Sandra V., Dreizler, S., Benítez, D., Tulloch, S.M., Béjar, Victor J. S., López-Santiago, J., Rohloff, R.-R., Hernández Arabí, R., Claret dos Santos, Antonio, Klüter, J., Perger, M., Klutsch, A., Pallé, Enric, Labarga, F., Labiche, N., Stürmer, J., Blümcke, M., Berdiñas, Z. M., Marfil, E., Herbort, O., Lamert, A., Fuhrmeister, Birgit, Holgado, G., Pluto, M., Wolthoff, V., Laun, W., Trifonov, T., Magán Madinabeitia, H., Veredas, G., Solano, E., Mall, U., Schiller, J., Mancini, L., Marín Molina, J.A., Cifuentes, C., Frölich, K., Gesa, Lluis, Rodríguez Martínez, Eloy, López del Fresno, M., Johnson, E.N., Martínez-Rodríguez, Héctor, Hintz, D., Lenzen, R., Ulbrich, R.G., Hauschildt, P. H., Maroto Fernández, D., Díez-Alonso, E., Ramón, A., González Hernández, Jonay I., Cárdenas Vázquez, María Concepción, Pérez Medialdea, D., Redondo, P., Bergondy, G., Reinhart, S., Rhode, P., Rix, H.-W., Herrero, E., Hidalgo, D., Zapatero Osorio, María Rosa, Pedraz, S., Martín, Eduardo Lorenzo, Shulyak, D., Rodler, F., López González, Maria J., Vico Linares, J. L., González-Álvarez, E., Vidal Dasilva, Manuela, Vilardell, Francesc, Wagner, K., Luque, R., Lemke, U., Doellinger, M., Schweitzer, Andreas, Rodríguez-López, Cristina, Schöfer, P., Carro, J., Winkler, J., Pascual, J., González Peinado, R., Huber, K., Guenther, E. W., de Guindos, E., Hagen, Hans-Jürgen, Rebolo López, Rafael, Miralda-Escudé, Jordi, Grözinger, U., Dorda, R., Cano, J., Yan, F., Del Burgo, C., Martín-Ruiz, Susana, Hatzes, Artie P., Suárez Yanes, Juan Carlos, de Juan, E., Lizon, J. -L., Kaminski, Adrian, Lázaro, F. J., Klahr, H., Kürster, M., Stahl, O., Sánchez Carrasco, Miguel Andrés, Kim, M., Gómez Galera, V., Lafarga, M., Feiz, C., Henning, Thomas, Rosich, Albert, Arroyo-Torres, B., Sairam, L., Colomé, J., Mathar, R.J., Naranjo, V., Montes, D., Marvin, C. J., Morales, Juan Carlos, Nagel, Evangelos, Casal, E., Becerril, S., Xu, W., López-Morales, Mercedes, Huber, A., Nortmann, L., Grohnert, S., Launhardt, R., Zechmeister, Mathias, Garrido, Rafael, Nowak, G., Tabernero, H. M., Sabotta, S., Ferro, I.M., Strachan, J. B. P., Sadegi, S., Sánchez-Blanco, E., Salz, M., Sánchez-López, A., Sanz-Forcada, J., González-Cuesta, L., Helmling, J., Pérez-Calpena, A., Llamas, M., Klein, R., Sarkis, Paula, Quirrenbach, Andreas, Amado, Pedro J., Ribas, Ignasi, Reiners, Ansgar, Caballero, J. A., Seifert, W., Aceituno, Jesús, Azzaro, M., Baroch, David, Barrado y Navascués, David, Bauer, Florian Franz, Kehr, M., Pavlov, A., Fernández, Matilde, Hernández Hernando, F., Schäfer, S., Cortés-Contreras, M., Abellán, F. J., Guàrdia, J., Cardona Guillén, C., Mundt, R., Mandel, H., Abril, Miguel, Zhao, Z., Alonso-Floriano, F. Javier, Ammler-von Eiff, M., Anglada-Escudé, Guillem, Huke, P., Lara, Luisa María, Tal-Or, L., Moya, A., López Salas, J.F., Moreno-Raya, M.E., Storz, C., Anwand-Heerwart, H., Reffert, S., Gaisné, G., Hernández Castaño, L., Gallardo, I., Gálvez-Ortiz, M. C., García-Piquer, A., Lodieu, N., Passegger, V.M., Galadí-Enriquez, D., Czesla, S., Schmidt, C., Perryman, M. A. C., Sarmiento, L. F., Brinkmöller, M., García-Vargas, M. L., Tala Pinto, M., Guijarro, A., López-Puertas, Manuel, Hedrosa, R.P., Lampón, M., Hermann, D., Hermelo, I., Panduro, J., Schmitt, Jürgen H. M. M., Jeffers, Sandra V., Dreizler, S., Benítez, D., Tulloch, S.M., Béjar, Victor J. S., López-Santiago, J., Rohloff, R.-R., Hernández Arabí, R., Claret dos Santos, Antonio, Klüter, J., Perger, M., Klutsch, A., Pallé, Enric, Labarga, F., Labiche, N., Stürmer, J., Blümcke, M., Berdiñas, Z. M., Marfil, E., Herbort, O., Lamert, A., Fuhrmeister, Birgit, Holgado, G., Pluto, M., Wolthoff, V., Laun, W., Trifonov, T., Magán Madinabeitia, H., Veredas, G., Solano, E., Mall, U., Schiller, J., Mancini, L., Marín Molina, J.A., Cifuentes, C., Frölich, K., Gesa, Lluis, Rodríguez Martínez, Eloy, López del Fresno, M., Johnson, E.N., Martínez-Rodríguez, Héctor, Hintz, D., Lenzen, R., Ulbrich, R.G., Hauschildt, P. H., Maroto Fernández, D., Díez-Alonso, E., Ramón, A., González Hernández, Jonay I., Cárdenas Vázquez, María Concepción, Pérez Medialdea, D., Redondo, P., Bergondy, G., Reinhart, S., Rhode, P., Rix, H.-W., Herrero, E., Hidalgo, D., Zapatero Osorio, María Rosa, Pedraz, S., Martín, Eduardo Lorenzo, Shulyak, D., Rodler, F., López González, Maria J., Vico Linares, J. L., González-Álvarez, E., Vidal Dasilva, Manuela, Vilardell, Francesc, Wagner, K., Luque, R., Lemke, U., Doellinger, M., Schweitzer, Andreas, Rodríguez-López, Cristina, Schöfer, P., Carro, J., Winkler, J., Pascual, J., González Peinado, R., Huber, K., Guenther, E. W., de Guindos, E., Hagen, Hans-Jürgen, Rebolo López, Rafael, Miralda-Escudé, Jordi, Grözinger, U., Dorda, R., Cano, J., Yan, F., Del Burgo, C., Martín-Ruiz, Susana, Hatzes, Artie P., Suárez Yanes, Juan Carlos, de Juan, E., Lizon, J. -L., Kaminski, Adrian, Lázaro, F. J., Klahr, H., Kürster, M., Stahl, O., Sánchez Carrasco, Miguel Andrés, Kim, M., Gómez Galera, V., Lafarga, M., Feiz, C., Henning, Thomas, Rosich, Albert, Arroyo-Torres, B., Sairam, L., Colomé, J., Mathar, R.J., Naranjo, V., Montes, D., Marvin, C. J., Morales, Juan Carlos, Nagel, Evangelos, Casal, E., Becerril, S., Xu, W., López-Morales, Mercedes, Huber, A., Nortmann, L., Grohnert, S., Launhardt, R., Zechmeister, Mathias, Garrido, Rafael, Nowak, G., Tabernero, H. M., Sabotta, S., Ferro, I.M., Strachan, J. B. P., Sadegi, S., Sánchez-Blanco, E., Salz, M., Sánchez-López, A., Sanz-Forcada, J., González-Cuesta, L., Helmling, J., Pérez-Calpena, A., Llamas, M., Klein, R., and Sarkis, Paula

Abstract

The design and construction of CARMENES has been presented at previous SPIE conferences. It is a next-generation radial-velocity instrument at the 3.5m telescope of the Calar Alto Observatory, which was built by a consortium of eleven Spanish and German institutions. CARMENES consists of two separate échelle spectrographs covering the wavelength range from 0.52 to 1.71¿m at a spec-tral resolution of R < 80,000, fed by fibers from the Cassegrain focus of the telescope. CARMENES saw ¿First Light¿ on Nov 9, 2015. During the commissioning and initial operation phases, we established basic performance data such as throughput and spectral resolution. We found that our hollow-cathode lamps are suitable for precise wavelength calibration, but their spectra contain a number of lines of neon or argon that are so bright that the lamps cannot be used in simultaneous exposures with stars. We have therefore adopted a calibration procedure that uses simultaneous star / Fabry Pérot etalon exposures in combination with a cross-calibration between the etalons and hollow-cathode lamps during daytime. With this strategy it has been possible to achieve 1-2 m/s precision in the visible and 5-10 m/s precision in the near-IR; further improvements are expected from ongoing work on temperature control, calibration procedures and data reduction. Comparing the RV precision achieved in different wavelength bands, we find a ¿sweet spot¿ between 0.7 and 0.8¿m, where deep TiO bands provide rich RV information in mid-M dwarfs. This is in contrast to our pre-survey models, which predicted comparatively better performance in the near-IR around 1¿m, and explains in part why our near-IR RVs do not reach the same precision level as those taken with the visible spectrograph. We are now conducting a large survey of 340 nearby M dwarfs (with an average distance of only 12pc), with the goal of finding terrestrial planets in their habitable zones. We have detected the signatures of several previously known o

Published
2018

42. PANIC: A general-purpose panoramic near-infrared camera for the calar alto observatory

Author

Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (España), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), European Commission, Cárdenas Vázquez, M. -C., Dorner, B., Huber, A., Sánchez-Blanco, E., Alter, M., Rodríguez Gómez, J. F., Bizenberger, P., Naranjo, V., Ibáñez Mengual, J. -M., Panduro, J., García Segura, A. J., Mall, U., Fernández, M., Laun, W., Ferro Rodríguez, I. M., Helmling, J., Terrón, V., Meisenheimer, K., Fried, J. W., Mathar, R.J., Baumeister, H., Rohloff, R. -R., Storz, C., Verdes-Montenegro, Lourdes, Bouy, Hervé, Ubierna, Marcos, Fopp, P., Funke, Bernd, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (España), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), European Commission, Cárdenas Vázquez, M. -C., Dorner, B., Huber, A., Sánchez-Blanco, E., Alter, M., Rodríguez Gómez, J. F., Bizenberger, P., Naranjo, V., Ibáñez Mengual, J. -M., Panduro, J., García Segura, A. J., Mall, U., Fernández, M., Laun, W., Ferro Rodríguez, I. M., Helmling, J., Terrón, V., Meisenheimer, K., Fried, J. W., Mathar, R.J., Baumeister, H., Rohloff, R. -R., Storz, C., Verdes-Montenegro, Lourdes, Bouy, Hervé, Ubierna, Marcos, Fopp, P., and Funke, Bernd

Abstract

PANIC is the new PAnoramic Near-Infrared Camera for Calar Alto and is a project jointly developed by the MPIA in Heidelberg, Germany, and the IAA in Granada, Spain, for the German-Spanish Astronomical Center at Calar Alto Observatory (CAHA; Almería, Spain). This new instrument works with the 2.2 m and 3.5 m CAHA telescopes covering a field of view of 30×30 arcmin and 15×15 arcmin, respectively, with a sampling of 4096×4096 pixels. It is designed for the spectral bands from Z to K, and can also be equipped with narrowband filters. The instrument was delivered to the observatory in 2014 October and was commissioned at both telescopes between 2014 November and 2015 June. Science verification at the 2.2 m telescope was carried out during the second semester of 2015 and the instrument is now at full operation. We describe the design, assembly, integration, and verification process, the final laboratory tests and the PANIC instrument performance. We also present first-light data obtained during the commissioning and preliminary results of the scientific verification. The final optical model and the theoretical performance of the camera were updated according to the as-built data. The laboratory tests were made with a star simulator. Finally, the commissioning phase was done at both telescopes to validate the camera real performance on sky. The final laboratory test confirmed the expected camera performances, complying with the scientific requirements. The commissioning phase on sky has been accomplished.© 2017. The Astronomical Society of the Pacific. All rights reserved.

Published
2018

43. The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs: High-resolution optical and near-infrared spectroscopy of 324 survey stars

Author

Max Planck Society, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (España), European Commission, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Ministry of Science, Research and Art Baden-Württemberg, German Research Foundation, Junta de Andalucía, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Comisión Nacional de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica (Chile), German Centre for Air and Space Travel, European Research Council, Reiners, Ansgar, Zechmeister, Mathias, Caballero, J. A., Ribas, Ignasi, Morales, Juan Carlos, Jeffers, Sandra V., Schöfer, P., Tal-Or, L., Quirrenbach, Andreas, Amado, Pedro J., Kaminski, Adrian, Sarmiento, L. F., García Vargas, M. L., Laun, W., Marvin, C. J., Ammler-von Eiff, M., Martín, Eduardo Lorenzo, López-Puertas, Manuel, Henning, Thomas, Schmitt, Jürgen H. M. M., Rodler, F., Hernández Hernando, F., Schiller, J., Schweitzer, Andreas, Ulbrich, R.G., Mancini, L., Stürmer, J., Solano, E., Grohnert, S., Anwand-Heerwart, H., Helmling, J., Kürster, M., Sánchez-López, A., Wolthoff, V., Lampón, M., Ferro, I.M., Klutsch, A., Fuhrmeister, Birgit, Fernández, Matilde, Béjar, Victor J. S., Huke, P., Hernández Arabí, R., Herrero, E., Tala, M., de Juan, E., Baroch, David, Blümcke, M., Montes, D., Moya, A., Del Burgo, C., Guindos, E. D., Rodríguez Martínez, Eloy, López González, Maria J., Cano, J., Czesla, S., Cárdenas Vázquez, María Concepción, Casal, E., Aceituno, Jesús, Marfil, E., Yan, F., Rhode, P., Magán Madinabeitia, H., Lenzen, R., Nagel, Evangelos, Gesa, Lluis, Kim, M., Cortés-Contreras, M., Mundt, R., Hedrosa, R.P., Galera, V. G., González Hernández, Jonay I., López Salas, J.F., Luque, R., Marín Molina, J.A., Wagner, K., Guijarro, A., Mathar, R.J., Zapatero Osorio, María Rosa, Gutiérrez-Soto, J., Cifuentes, C., Abril, Miguel, Hagen, Hans-Jürgen, Miralda-Escudé, Jordi, Vilardell, Francesc, Azzaro, M., Naranjo, V., Mandel, H., Anglada-Escudé, Guillem, Trifonov, T., Claret dos Santos, Antonio, Klein, R., Guàrdia, J., Rodríguez-López, Cristina, Klüter, J., Lemke, U., Panduro, J., Passegger, V.M., Martín-Ruiz, Susana, Redondo, P., Sanz-Forcada, J., Winkler, J., Pavlov, A., Sadegi, S., Bergond, G., Pérez-Calpena, A., Reffert, S., Veredas, G., Rosich, Albert, Launhardt, R., Reinhart, S., Sánchez-Blanco, E., López del Fresno, M., Rix, H.-W., Barrado y Navascués, David, Johnson, E.N., Rebolo López, Rafael, Hauschildt, P. H., López-Santiago, J., Suárez, J.C., Stahl, O., Pérez Medialdea, D., Perryman, M. A. C., Lara, Luisa María, Becerril, S., Sánchez Carrasco, Miguel Andrés, Moreno-Raya, M.E., Xu, W., Strachan, J. B. P., Bauer, Florian Franz, Schäfer, S., Seifert, W., Grözinger, U., Perger, M., Hatzes, Artie P., Benítez, D., Nortmann, L., Rodríguez Trinidad, A., Hernández Castaño, L., Lamert, A., Nowak, G., Ofir, A., Oreiro, Raquel, Tulloch, S.M., Maroto Fernández, D., Pallé, Enric, Hermelo, I., Vico Linares, J.I., Arroyo-Torres, B., Tabernero, H. M., Pluto, M., Lafarga, M., Dreizler, S., Huber, A., Rabaza, O., Ramón, A., Berdiñas, Z. M., Brinkmöller, M., Antona, R., Pedraz, S., Feiz, C., González-Peinado, R., Sarkis, Paula, Pascual Granado, J., Guenther, E. W., Alonso-Floriano, F. Javier, Colomé, J., Díez-Alonso, E., García-Piquer, A., Mall, U., Rohloff, R.-R., Galadí-Enriquez, D., Max Planck Society, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (España), European Commission, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Ministry of Science, Research and Art Baden-Württemberg, German Research Foundation, Junta de Andalucía, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Comisión Nacional de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica (Chile), German Centre for Air and Space Travel, European Research Council, Reiners, Ansgar, Zechmeister, Mathias, Caballero, J. A., Ribas, Ignasi, Morales, Juan Carlos, Jeffers, Sandra V., Schöfer, P., Tal-Or, L., Quirrenbach, Andreas, Amado, Pedro J., Kaminski, Adrian, Sarmiento, L. F., García Vargas, M. L., Laun, W., Marvin, C. J., Ammler-von Eiff, M., Martín, Eduardo Lorenzo, López-Puertas, Manuel, Henning, Thomas, Schmitt, Jürgen H. M. M., Rodler, F., Hernández Hernando, F., Schiller, J., Schweitzer, Andreas, Ulbrich, R.G., Mancini, L., Stürmer, J., Solano, E., Grohnert, S., Anwand-Heerwart, H., Helmling, J., Kürster, M., Sánchez-López, A., Wolthoff, V., Lampón, M., Ferro, I.M., Klutsch, A., Fuhrmeister, Birgit, Fernández, Matilde, Béjar, Victor J. S., Huke, P., Hernández Arabí, R., Herrero, E., Tala, M., de Juan, E., Baroch, David, Blümcke, M., Montes, D., Moya, A., Del Burgo, C., Guindos, E. D., Rodríguez Martínez, Eloy, López González, Maria J., Cano, J., Czesla, S., Cárdenas Vázquez, María Concepción, Casal, E., Aceituno, Jesús, Marfil, E., Yan, F., Rhode, P., Magán Madinabeitia, H., Lenzen, R., Nagel, Evangelos, Gesa, Lluis, Kim, M., Cortés-Contreras, M., Mundt, R., Hedrosa, R.P., Galera, V. G., González Hernández, Jonay I., López Salas, J.F., Luque, R., Marín Molina, J.A., Wagner, K., Guijarro, A., Mathar, R.J., Zapatero Osorio, María Rosa, Gutiérrez-Soto, J., Cifuentes, C., Abril, Miguel, Hagen, Hans-Jürgen, Miralda-Escudé, Jordi, Vilardell, Francesc, Azzaro, M., Naranjo, V., Mandel, H., Anglada-Escudé, Guillem, Trifonov, T., Claret dos Santos, Antonio, Klein, R., Guàrdia, J., Rodríguez-López, Cristina, Klüter, J., Lemke, U., Panduro, J., Passegger, V.M., Martín-Ruiz, Susana, Redondo, P., Sanz-Forcada, J., Winkler, J., Pavlov, A., Sadegi, S., Bergond, G., Pérez-Calpena, A., Reffert, S., Veredas, G., Rosich, Albert, Launhardt, R., Reinhart, S., Sánchez-Blanco, E., López del Fresno, M., Rix, H.-W., Barrado y Navascués, David, Johnson, E.N., Rebolo López, Rafael, Hauschildt, P. H., López-Santiago, J., Suárez, J.C., Stahl, O., Pérez Medialdea, D., Perryman, M. A. C., Lara, Luisa María, Becerril, S., Sánchez Carrasco, Miguel Andrés, Moreno-Raya, M.E., Xu, W., Strachan, J. B. P., Bauer, Florian Franz, Schäfer, S., Seifert, W., Grözinger, U., Perger, M., Hatzes, Artie P., Benítez, D., Nortmann, L., Rodríguez Trinidad, A., Hernández Castaño, L., Lamert, A., Nowak, G., Ofir, A., Oreiro, Raquel, Tulloch, S.M., Maroto Fernández, D., Pallé, Enric, Hermelo, I., Vico Linares, J.I., Arroyo-Torres, B., Tabernero, H. M., Pluto, M., Lafarga, M., Dreizler, S., Huber, A., Rabaza, O., Ramón, A., Berdiñas, Z. M., Brinkmöller, M., Antona, R., Pedraz, S., Feiz, C., González-Peinado, R., Sarkis, Paula, Pascual Granado, J., Guenther, E. W., Alonso-Floriano, F. Javier, Colomé, J., Díez-Alonso, E., García-Piquer, A., Mall, U., Rohloff, R.-R., and Galadí-Enriquez, D.

Abstract

The CARMENES radial velocity (RV) survey is observing 324 M dwarfs to search for any orbiting planets. In this paper, we present the survey sample by publishing one CARMENES spectrum for each M dwarf. These spectra cover the wavelength range 520¿1710 nm at a resolution of at least R >80 000, and we measure its RV, H¿ emission, and projected rotation velocity. We present an atlas of high-resolution M-dwarf spectra and compare the spectra to atmospheric models. To quantify the RV precision that can be achieved in low-mass stars over the CARMENES wavelength range, we analyze our empirical information on the RV precision from more than 6500 observations. We compare our high-resolution M-dwarf spectra to atmospheric models where we determine the spectroscopic RV information content, Q, and signal-to-noise ratio. We find that for all M-type dwarfs, the highest RV precision can be reached in the wavelength range 700¿900 nm. Observations at longer wavelengths are equally precise only at the very latest spectral types (M8 and M9). We demonstrate that in this spectroscopic range, the large amount of absorption features compensates for the intrinsic faintness of an M7 star. To reach an RV precision of 1 m s¿1 in very low mass M dwarfs at longer wavelengths likely requires the use of a 10 m class telescope. For spectral types M6 and earlier, the combination of a red visual and a near-infrared spectrograph is ideal to search for low-mass planets and to distinguish between planets and stellar variability. At a 4 m class telescope, an instrument like CARMENES has the potential to push the RV precision well below the typical jitter level of 3-4 m s-1. © ESO 2018.

Published
2018

44. CARMENES: high-resolution spectra and precise radial velocities in the red and infrared

Author

Quirrenbach, Andreas, primary, Amado, P. J., primary, Ribas, I., primary, Caballero, J. A., primary, Seifert, W., primary, Aceituno, J., primary, Azzaro, M., primary, Barrado, D., primary, Becerril, S., primary, Bèjar, V. J. S., primary, Benítez, D., primary, Brinkmöller, M., primary, Colomé, J., primary, Cortés-Contreras, M., primary, Czesla, S., primary, Frölich, K., primary, Galadí-Enríquez, D., primary, González Hernández, J. I., primary, González Peinado, R., primary, Guenther, E. W., primary, de Guindos, E., primary, Hagen, H.-J., primary, Henning, Th., primary, Hernández Castaño, L., primary, Herrero, E., primary, Hintz, D., primary, Jeffers, S. V., primary, Kaminski, A., primary, Klahr, H., primary, Marfil, E. G., primary, Martín, E. L., primary, Martín-Ruiz, S., primary, Mathar, R. J., primary, Montes, D., primary, Morales, J. C., primary, Nagel, E., primary, Pallé, E., primary, Pérez-Medialdea, D., primary, Perger, M., primary, Rebolo, R., primary, Reffert, S., primary, Rosich, A., primary, Sabotta, S., primary, Schäfer, S., primary, Schiller, J., primary, Schweitzer, A., primary, Solano, E., primary, Stahl, O., primary, Tala Pinto, M., primary, Trifonov, T., primary, Yan, F., primary, Zechmeister, M., primary, Abellán, F. J., primary, Abril, M., primary, Alonso-Floriano, F. J., primary, Ammler-von Eiff, M., primary, Anglada-Escudé, G., primary, Anwand-Heerwart, H., primary, Berdiñas, Z. M., primary, Bergondy, D., primary, del Burgo, C., primary, Cárdenas, M. C., primary, Casal, E., primary, Claret, A., primary, Ferro, I. M., primary, Gálvez-Ortiz, M. C., primary, Gesa, L., primary, Gómez Galera, V., primary, Guijarro, A., primary, Hedrosa, R. P., primary, Hermann, D., primary, Hermelo, I., primary, Hernández Arabí, R., primary, Hidalgo, D., primary, Huber, A., primary, Huber, K., primary, Kehr, M., primary, Klein, R., primary, Klüter, J., primary, Klutsch, A., primary, Labarga, F., primary, Labiche, N., primary, Lamert, A., primary, Lemke, U., primary, Lenzen, R., primary, Lizon, J.-L., primary, Lodieu, N., primary, López-Morales, M., primary, López Salas, J. F., primary, López-Santiago, J., primary, Martínez-Rodríguez, H., primary, Maroto Fernández, D., primary, Marvin, C. J., primary, Mirabet, E., primary, Moreno-Raya, M. E., primary, Moya, A., primary, Naranjo, V., primary, Pascual, J., primary, Pérez-Calpena, A., primary, Perryman, M. A. C., primary, Rohloff, R.-R., primary, Sánchez Carrasco, M. A., primary, Schmidt, C., primary, Strachan, J. B. P., primary, Tal-Or, L., primary, Tulloch, S. M., primary, Veredas, G., primary, Vilardell, F., primary, Wagner, K., primary, Zhao, Z., primary, Reiners, A., primary, Baroch, D., primary, Bauer, F., primary, Cardona Guillén, C., primary, Cifuentes, C., primary, Dreizler, S., primary, Fuhrmeister, B., primary, Hatzes, A. P., primary, Hauschildt, P. H., primary, Helmling, J., primary, Herbort, O., primary, Johnson, E. N., primary, de Juan, E., primary, Kürster, M., primary, Lafarga, M., primary, Sairam, L., primary, Lampón, M., primary, Lara, L. M., primary, Launhardt, R., primary, López del Fresno, M., primary, López-Puertas, M., primary, Luque, R., primary, Mandel, H., primary, Nortmann, L., primary, Nowak, G., primary, Passegger, V.-M., primary, Pavlov, A., primary, Pedraz, S., primary, Rodríguez, E., primary, Rodríguez López, C., primary, Sadegi, S., primary, Salz, M., primary, Sánchez-López, A., primary, Sanz-Forcada, J., primary, Sarkis, P., primary, Schmitt, J. H. M. M., primary, Schöfer, P., primary, Shulyak, D., primary, Zapatero Osorio, M. R., primary, Arroyo-Torres, B., primary, Blümcke, M., primary, Cano, J., primary, Carro, J., primary, Díez-Alonso, E., primary, Doellinger, M., primary, Dorda, R., primary, Feiz, C., primary, Fernández, M., primary, Gaisné, G., primary, Gallardo, I., primary, García-Piquer, A., primary, García-Vargas, M. L., primary, Garrido, R., primary, González-Álvarez, E., primary, González-Cuesta, L., primary, Grohnert, S., primary, Grözinger, U., primary, Guàrdia, J., primary, Hernández Hernando, F., primary, Holgado, G., primary, Huke, P., primary, Kim, M., primary, Laun, W., primary, Lázaro, F. J., primary, Llamas, M., primary, López González, M. J., primary, Magán Madinabeitia, H., primary, Mall, U., primary, Mancini, L., primary, Marín Molina, J. A., primary, Mundt, R., primary, Panduro, J., primary, Pluto, M., primary, Ramón, A., primary, Redondo, P., primary, Reinhart, S., primary, Rhode, P., primary, Rix, H.-W., primary, Rodler, F., primary, Sánchez-Blanco, E., primary, Sarmiento, L. F., primary, Storz, C., primary, Stürmer, J., primary, Suárez, J. C., primary, Tabernero, H. M., primary, Ulbrich, R.-G., primary, Vico Linares, J. L., primary, Vidal-Dasilva, M., primary, Winkler, J., primary, Wolthoff, V., primary, and Xu, W., primary

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2018
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45. The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs

Author

Reiners, A., primary, Zechmeister, M., additional, Caballero, J. A., additional, Ribas, I., additional, Morales, J. C., additional, Jeffers, S. V., additional, Schöfer, P., additional, Tal-Or, L., additional, Quirrenbach, A., additional, Amado, P. J., additional, Kaminski, A., additional, Seifert, W., additional, Abril, M., additional, Aceituno, J., additional, Alonso-Floriano, F. J., additional, Ammler-von Eiff, M., additional, Antona, R., additional, Anglada-Escudé, G., additional, Anwand-Heerwart, H., additional, Arroyo-Torres, B., additional, Azzaro, M., additional, Baroch, D., additional, Barrado, D., additional, Bauer, F. F., additional, Becerril, S., additional, Béjar, V. J. S., additional, Benítez, D., additional, Berdinas̃, Z. M., additional, Bergond, G., additional, Blümcke, M., additional, Brinkmöller, M., additional, del Burgo, C., additional, Cano, J., additional, Cárdenas Vázquez, M. C., additional, Casal, E., additional, Cifuentes, C., additional, Claret, A., additional, Colomé, J., additional, Cortés-Contreras, M., additional, Czesla, S., additional, Díez-Alonso, E., additional, Dreizler, S., additional, Feiz, C., additional, Fernández, M., additional, Ferro, I. M., additional, Fuhrmeister, B., additional, Galadí-Enríquez, D., additional, Garcia-Piquer, A., additional, García Vargas, M. L., additional, Gesa, L., additional, Gómez Galera, V., additional, González Hernández, J. I., additional, González-Peinado, R., additional, Grözinger, U., additional, Grohnert, S., additional, Guàrdia, J., additional, Guenther, E. W., additional, Guijarro, A., additional, de Guindos, E., additional, Gutiérrez-Soto, J., additional, Hagen, H.-J., additional, Hatzes, A. P., additional, Hauschildt, P. H., additional, Hedrosa, R. P., additional, Helmling, J., additional, Henning, Th., additional, Hermelo, I., additional, Hernández Arabí, R., additional, Hernández Castaño, L., additional, Hernández Hernando, F., additional, Herrero, E., additional, Huber, A., additional, Huke, P., additional, Johnson, E. N., additional, de Juan, E., additional, Kim, M., additional, Klein, R., additional, Klüter, J., additional, Klutsch, A., additional, Kürster, M., additional, Lafarga, M., additional, Lamert, A., additional, Lampón, M., additional, Lara, L. M., additional, Laun, W., additional, Lemke, U., additional, Lenzen, R., additional, Launhardt, R., additional, López del Fresno, M., additional, López-González, J., additional, López-Puertas, M., additional, López Salas, J. F., additional, López-Santiago, J., additional, Luque, R., additional, Magán Madinabeitia, H., additional, Mall, U., additional, Mancini, L., additional, Mandel, H., additional, Marfil, E., additional, Marín Molina, J. A., additional, Maroto Fernández, D., additional, Martín, E. L., additional, Martín-Ruiz, S., additional, Marvin, C. J., additional, Mathar, R. J., additional, Mirabet, E., additional, Montes, D., additional, Moreno-Raya, M. E., additional, Moya, A., additional, Mundt, R., additional, Nagel, E., additional, Naranjo, V., additional, Nortmann, L., additional, Nowak, G., additional, Ofir, A., additional, Oreiro, R., additional, Pallé, E., additional, Panduro, J., additional, Pascual, J., additional, Passegger, V. M., additional, Pavlov, A., additional, Pedraz, S., additional, Pérez-Calpena, A., additional, Pérez Medialdea, D., additional, Perger, M., additional, Perryman, M. A. C., additional, Pluto, M., additional, Rabaza, O., additional, Ramón, A., additional, Rebolo, R., additional, Redondo, P., additional, Reffert, S., additional, Reinhart, S., additional, Rhode, P., additional, Rix, H.-W., additional, Rodler, F., additional, Rodríguez, E., additional, Rodríguez-López, C., additional, Rodríguez Trinidad, A., additional, Rohloff, R.-R., additional, Rosich, A., additional, Sadegi, S., additional, Sánchez-Blanco, E., additional, Sánchez Carrasco, M. A., additional, Sánchez-López, A., additional, Sanz-Forcada, J., additional, Sarkis, P., additional, Sarmiento, L. F., additional, Schäfer, S., additional, Schmitt, J. H. M. M., additional, Schiller, J., additional, Schweitzer, A., additional, Solano, E., additional, Stahl, O., additional, Strachan, J. B. P., additional, Stürmer, J., additional, Suárez, J. C., additional, Tabernero, H. M., additional, Tala, M., additional, Trifonov, T., additional, Tulloch, S. M., additional, Ulbrich, R. G., additional, Veredas, G., additional, Vico Linares, J. I., additional, Vilardell, F., additional, Wagner, K., additional, Winkler, J., additional, Wolthoff, V., additional, Xu, W., additional, Yan, F., additional, and Zapatero Osorio, M. R., additional

Published
2018
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46. PANIC: A General-purpose Panoramic Near-infrared Camera for the Calar Alto Observatory

Author

Cárdenas Vázquez, M.-C., primary, Dorner, B., additional, Huber, A., additional, Sánchez-Blanco, E., additional, Alter, M., additional, Gómez, J. F. Rodríguez, additional, Bizenberger, P., additional, Naranjo, V., additional, Ibáñez Mengual, J.-M., additional, Panduro, J., additional, Segura, A. J. García, additional, Mall, U., additional, Fernández, M., additional, Laun, W., additional, Rodríguez, I. M. Ferro, additional, Helmling, J., additional, Terrón, V., additional, Meisenheimer, K., additional, Fried, J. W., additional, Mathar, R. J., additional, Baumeister, H., additional, Rohloff, R.-R., additional, Storz, C., additional, Verdes-Montenegro, L., additional, Bouy, H., additional, Ubierna, M., additional, Fopp, P., additional, and Funke, B., additional

Published
2018
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47. The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs

Author

Trifonov, T., primary, Kürster, M., additional, Zechmeister, M., additional, Tal-Or, L., additional, Caballero, J. A., additional, Quirrenbach, A., additional, Amado, P. J., additional, Ribas, I., additional, Reiners, A., additional, Reffert, S., additional, Dreizler, S., additional, Hatzes, A. P., additional, Kaminski, A., additional, Launhardt, R., additional, Henning, Th., additional, Montes, D., additional, Béjar, V. J. S., additional, Mundt, R., additional, Pavlov, A., additional, Schmitt, J. H. M. M., additional, Seifert, W., additional, Morales, J. C., additional, Nowak, G., additional, Jeffers, S. V., additional, Rodríguez-López, C., additional, del Burgo, C., additional, Anglada-Escudé, G., additional, López-Santiago, J., additional, Mathar, R. J., additional, Ammler-von Eiff, M., additional, Guenther, E. W., additional, Barrado, D., additional, González Hernández, J. I., additional, Mancini, L., additional, Stürmer, J., additional, Abril, M., additional, Aceituno, J., additional, Alonso-Floriano, F. J., additional, Antona, R., additional, Anwand-Heerwart, H., additional, Arroyo-Torres, B., additional, Azzaro, M., additional, Baroch, D., additional, Bauer, F. F., additional, Becerril, S., additional, Benítez, D., additional, Berdiñas, Z. M., additional, Bergond, G., additional, Blümcke, M., additional, Brinkmöller, M., additional, Cano, J., additional, Cárdenas Vázquez, M. C., additional, Casal, E., additional, Cifuentes, C., additional, Claret, A., additional, Colomé, J., additional, Cortés-Contreras, M., additional, Czesla, S., additional, Díez-Alonso, E., additional, Feiz, C., additional, Fernández, M., additional, Ferro, I. M., additional, Fuhrmeister, B., additional, Galadí-Enríquez, D., additional, Garcia-Piquer, A., additional, García Vargas, M. L., additional, Gesa, L., additional, Gómez Galera, V., additional, González-Peinado, R., additional, Grözinger, U., additional, Grohnert, S., additional, Guàrdia, J., additional, Guijarro, A., additional, de Guindos, E., additional, Gutiérrez-Soto, J., additional, Hagen, H.-J., additional, Hauschildt, P. H., additional, Hedrosa, R. P., additional, Helmling, J., additional, Hermelo, I., additional, Hernández Arabí, R., additional, Hernández Castaño, L., additional, Hernández Hernando, F., additional, Herrero, E., additional, Huber, A., additional, Huke, P., additional, Johnson, E., additional, de Juan, E., additional, Kim, M., additional, Klein, R., additional, Klüter, J., additional, Klutsch, A., additional, Lafarga, M., additional, Lampón, M., additional, Lara, L. M., additional, Laun, W., additional, Lemke, U., additional, Lenzen, R., additional, López del Fresno, M., additional, López-González, M. J., additional, López-Puertas, M., additional, López Salas, J. F., additional, Luque, R., additional, Magán Madinabeitia, H., additional, Mall, U., additional, Mandel, H., additional, Marfil, E., additional, Marín Molina, J. A., additional, Maroto Fernández, D., additional, Martín, E. L., additional, Martín-Ruiz, S., additional, Marvin, C. J., additional, Mirabet, E., additional, Moya, A., additional, Moreno-Raya, M. E., additional, Nagel, E., additional, Naranjo, V., additional, Nortmann, L., additional, Ofir, A., additional, Oreiro, R., additional, Pallé, E., additional, Panduro, J., additional, Pascual, J., additional, Passegger, V. M., additional, Pedraz, S., additional, Pérez-Calpena, A., additional, Pérez Medialdea, D., additional, Perger, M., additional, Perryman, M. A. C., additional, Pluto, M., additional, Rabaza, O., additional, Ramón, A., additional, Rebolo, R., additional, Redondo, P., additional, Reinhardt, S., additional, Rhode, P., additional, Rix, H.-W., additional, Rodler, F., additional, Rodríguez, E., additional, Rodríguez Trinidad, A., additional, Rohloff, R.-R., additional, Rosich, A., additional, Sadegi, S., additional, Sánchez-Blanco, E., additional, Sánchez Carrasco, M. A., additional, Sánchez-López, A., additional, Sanz-Forcada, J., additional, Sarkis, P., additional, Sarmiento, L. F., additional, Schäfer, S., additional, Schiller, J., additional, Schöfer, P., additional, Schweitzer, A., additional, Solano, E., additional, Stahl, O., additional, Strachan, J. B. P., additional, Suárez, J. C., additional, Tabernero, H. M., additional, Tala, M., additional, Tulloch, S. M., additional, Veredas, G., additional, Vico Linares, J. I., additional, Vilardell, F., additional, Wagner, K., additional, Winkler, J., additional, Wolthoff, V., additional, Xu, W., additional, Yan, F., additional, and Zapatero Osorio, M. R., additional

Published
2018
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48. CARMENES: an overview six months after first light

Author

Quirrenbach, A., additional, Amado, P. J., additional, Caballero, J. A., additional, Mundt, R., additional, Reiners, A., additional, Ribas, I., additional, Seifert, W., additional, Abril, M., additional, Aceituno, J., additional, Alonso-Floriano, F. J., additional, Anwand-Heerwart, H., additional, Azzaro, M., additional, Bauer, F., additional, Barrado, D., additional, Becerril, S., additional, Bejar, V. J. S., additional, Benitez, D., additional, Berdinas, Z. M., additional, Brinkmöller, M., additional, Cardenas, M. C., additional, Casal, E., additional, Claret, A., additional, Colomé, J., additional, Cortes-Contreras, M., additional, Czesla, S., additional, Doellinger, M., additional, Dreizler, S., additional, Feiz, C., additional, Fernandez, M., additional, Ferro, I. M., additional, Fuhrmeister, B., additional, Galadi, D., additional, Gallardo, I., additional, Gálvez-Ortiz, M. C., additional, Garcia-Piquer, A., additional, Garrido, R., additional, Gesa, L., additional, Gómez Galera, V., additional, González Hernández, J. I., additional, Gonzalez Peinado, R., additional, Grözinger, U., additional, Guàrdia, J., additional, Guenther, E. W., additional, de Guindos, E., additional, Hagen, H.-J., additional, Hatzes, A. P., additional, Hauschildt, P. H., additional, Helmling, J., additional, Henning, T., additional, Hermann, D., additional, Hernández Arabi, R., additional, Hernández Castaño, L., additional, Hernández Hernando, F., additional, Herrero, E., additional, Huber, A., additional, Huber, K. F., additional, Huke, P., additional, Jeffers, S. V., additional, de Juan, E., additional, Kaminski, A., additional, Kehr, M., additional, Kim, M., additional, Klein, R., additional, Klüter, J., additional, Kürster, M., additional, Lafarga, M., additional, Lara, L. M., additional, Lamert, A., additional, Laun, W., additional, Launhardt, R., additional, Lemke, U., additional, Lenzen, R., additional, Llamas, M., additional, Lopez del Fresno, M., additional, López-Puertas, M., additional, López-Santiago, J., additional, Lopez Salas, J. F., additional, Magan Madinabeitia, H., additional, Mall, U., additional, Mandel, H., additional, Mancini, L., additional, Marin Molina, J. A., additional, Maroto Fernández, D., additional, Martín, E. L., additional, Martín-Ruiz, S., additional, Marvin, C., additional, Mathar, R. J., additional, Mirabet, E., additional, Montes, D., additional, Morales, J. C., additional, Morales Muñoz, R., additional, Nagel, E., additional, Naranjo, V., additional, Nowak, G., additional, Palle, E., additional, Panduro, J., additional, Passegger, V. M., additional, Pavlov, A., additional, Pedraz, S., additional, Perez, E., additional, Pérez-Medialdea, D., additional, Perger, M., additional, Pluto, M., additional, Ramón, A., additional, Rebolo, R., additional, Redondo, P., additional, Reffert, S., additional, Reinhart, S., additional, Rhode, P., additional, Rix, H.-W., additional, Rodler, F., additional, Rodríguez, E., additional, Rodríguez López, C., additional, Rohloff, R. R., additional, Rosich, A., additional, Sanchez Carrasco, M A., additional, Sanz-Forcada, J., additional, Sarkis, P., additional, Sarmiento, L. F., additional, Schäfer, S., additional, Schiller, J., additional, Schmidt, C., additional, Schmitt, J. H. M. M., additional, Schöfer, P., additional, Schweitzer, A., additional, Shulyak, D., additional, Solano, E., additional, Stahl, O., additional, Storz, C., additional, Tabernero, H. M., additional, Tala, M., additional, Tal-Or, L., additional, Ulbrich, R.-G., additional, Veredas, G., additional, Vico Linares, J. I., additional, Vilardell, F., additional, Wagner, K., additional, Winkler, J., additional, Zapatero Osorio, M.-R., additional, Zechmeister, M., additional, Ammler-von Eiff, M., additional, Anglada-Escudé, G., additional, del Burgo, C., additional, Garcia-Vargas, M. L., additional, Klutsch, A., additional, Lizon, J.-L., additional, Lopez-Morales, M., additional, Ofir, A., additional, Pérez-Calpena, A., additional, Perryman, M. A. C., additional, Sánchez-Blanco, E., additional, Strachan, J. B. P., additional, Stürmer, J., additional, Suárez, J. C., additional, Trifonov, T., additional, Tulloch, S. M., additional, and Xu, W., additional

Published
2016
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49. MATISSE: alignment, integration, and test phase first results

Author

Allouche, F., additional, Robbe-Dubois, S., additional, Lagarde, S., additional, Cruzalèbes, P., additional, Antonelli, P., additional, Bresson, Y., additional, Fantei-Caujolle, Y., additional, Marcotto, A., additional, Morel, S., additional, Beckmann, U., additional, Bettonvil, F., additional, Berio, Ph., additional, Heininger, M., additional, Lehmitz, M., additional, Agocs, T., additional, Brast, R., additional, Elswijk, E., additional, Ives, D., additional, Meixner, K., additional, Laun, W., additional, Mellein, M., additional, Neumann, U., additional, Bailet, C., additional, Clausse, J.-M., additional, Matter, A., additional, Meilland, A., additional, Millour, F., additional, Petrov, R. G., additional, Accardo, M., additional, Bristow, P., additional, Frahm, R., additional, Glindemann, A., additional, Gonzáles Herrera, J.-C., additional, Lizon, J.-L., additional, Schöller, M., additional, Graser, U., additional, Jaffe, W., additional, and Lopez, B., additional

Published
2016
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50. An overview of the mid-infrared spectro-interferometer MATISSE: science, concept, and current status

Author

Matter, A., additional, Lopez, B., additional, Antonelli, P., additional, Lehmitz, M., additional, Bettonvil, F., additional, Beckmann, U., additional, Lagarde, S., additional, Jaffe, W., additional, Petrov, R., additional, Berio, P., additional, Millour, F., additional, Robbe-Dubois, S., additional, Glindemann, A., additional, Bristow, P., additional, Schoeller, M., additional, Lanz, T., additional, Henning, T., additional, Weigelt, G., additional, Heininger, M., additional, Morel, S., additional, Cruzalebes, P., additional, Meisenheimer, K., additional, Hofferbert, R., additional, Wolf, S., additional, Bresson, Y., additional, Agocs, T., additional, Allouche, F., additional, Augereau, J.-C., additional, Avila, G., additional, Bailet, C., additional, Behrend, J., additional, van Belle, G., additional, Berger, J.-P., additional, van Boekel, R., additional, Bourget, P., additional, Brast, R., additional, Clausse, J.-M., additional, Connot, C., additional, Conzelmann, R., additional, Csepany, G., additional, Danchi, W. C., additional, Delbo, M., additional, Dominik, C., additional, van Duin, A., additional, Elswijk, E., additional, Fantei, Y., additional, Finger, G., additional, Gabasch, A., additional, Gonté, F., additional, Graser, U., additional, Guitton, F., additional, Guniat, S., additional, De Haan, M., additional, Haguenauer, P., additional, Hanenburg, H., additional, Hofmann, K.-H., additional, Hogerheijde, M., additional, ter Horst, R., additional, Hron, J., additional, Hummel, C, additional, Isderda, J., additional, Ives, D., additional, Jakob, G., additional, Jasko, A., additional, Jolley, P., additional, Kiraly, S., additional, Kragt, J., additional, Kroener, T., additional, Kroes, G., additional, Kuindersma, S., additional, Labadie, L., additional, Laun, W., additional, Leinert, C., additional, Lizon, J.-L., additional, Lucuix, C., additional, Marcotto, A., additional, Martinache, F., additional, Martinot-Lagarde, G., additional, Mauclert, N., additional, Mehrgan, L., additional, Meilland, A., additional, Mellein, M., additional, Menardi, S., additional, Merand, A., additional, Neumann, U., additional, Nussbaum, E., additional, Ottogalli, S., additional, Palsa, R., additional, Panduro, J., additional, Pantin, E., additional, Percheron, I., additional, Phan Duc, T., additional, Pott, J.-U., additional, Pozna, E., additional, Roelfsema, R., additional, Rupprecht, G., additional, Schertl, D., additional, Schmidt, C., additional, Schuil, M., additional, Spang, A., additional, Stegmeier, J., additional, Tromp, N., additional, Vakili, F., additional, Vannier, M., additional, Wagner, K., additional, Venema, L., additional, and Woillez, J., additional

Published
2016
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