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LAUDAKIA STELLIO (LINNAEUS, 1758) S.S. Included taxa: Laudakia s. stellio (Linnaeus, 1758), L. s. daani (Beutler & Frör, 1980) and the subclades from the western Taurus, Symi–Kaş, Anatolia, Lebanon and Hatay, as shown in this study (Figs 2, 4). Type specimen: Laudakia stellio stellio (Linnaeus, 1758), ZFMK 2063 (neotype), Crochet et al. (2006) (Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig, Bonn, Germany). Type locality: Delos Island, Cyclades, Greece. Distribution: All localities from Greece (Cyclades, Crete, Thessaloniki, Corfu and East Aegean islands) and Turkey, north-western Syria and northern Lebanon. Remarks: According to the principle of priority of the ICZN, this distinct genetic lineage should be named stellio because that is the oldest available name. It includes already described morphological subspecies and other cryptic lineages of Clade 2, revealed by this study: the nominal L. s. stellio and its sister Anatolia subclade, L. s. daani and its sister W Taurus–Symi–Kaş subclades, as well as the Lebanon and Hatay subclades. The subspecific status of L. s. stellio and L. s. daani is retained, while the elevation of the Lebanon and Hatay lineages to the subspecies level is under preparation., Published as part of Karameta, Emmanouela, Lymberakis, Petros, Grillitsch, Heinz, Ilgaz, Çetin, Avci, Aziz, Kumlutaş, Yusuf, Candan, Kamil, Wagner, Philipp, Sfenthourakis, Spyros, Pafilis, Panayiotis & Poulakakis, Nikos, 2022, The story of a rock-star: multilocus phylogeny and species delimitation in the starred or roughtail rock agama, Laudakia stellio (Reptilia: Agamidae), pp. 195-219 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 195 (1) on page 212, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab107, http://zenodo.org/record/6530771, {"references":["Beutler A, Fror E. 1980. Die Amphibien und Reptilien der Nordkykladen (Griechenland). Mitteilungen der Zoologischen Gesellschaft Braunau 3: 255 - 290.","Crochet PA, Lymberakis P, Werner YL. 2006. The type specimens of Laudakia stellio (Linnaeus) (Reptilia: Agamidae) and its subspecies. Journal of Natural History 40: 461 - 471."]}

Bu çalışmada 81 adet Laudakia stellio ve 17 adet Trapelus lessonae bireyinde renk-desen özellikleri, morfometrik karakterler ve filogenetik ilişkiler incelenmiştir. Türkiye’nin farklı bölgelerinde dağılış gösteren popülasyonlardaki morfolojik farklılıkların kalitatif ve kantitatif yönlerden ortaya konması, bu farklılıkları tetikleyen ya da baskılayan çevresel faktörlere dair bulguların belirlenmesi ve bunların kalıtsal olup olmadığının araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Sonuçlar T. lessonae’nin Urfa ve Konya’daki popülasyonların aynı soyhattı içinde olduğunu, renk ve desen bakımından ise iki popülasyonun ayrıldığını göstermiştir. L. stellio’nun dört soyhattına ayrıldığı ve soyhatlarının bulundukları ekolojik bölgelerle paralel olarak ayrıldığı bulgulanmış ve bu bulgular PC analizleri yapılan RGB değerleri ile desteklenmiştir. Morfometrik karakterler bakımından L. stellio’da eşeysel dimorfizm bulunmaktadır. L. stellio’da dorsal gövde deseni bireyin cinsiyeti ve popülasyonun coğrafi konumu hakkında bilgi vermektedir; ventral gövde deseni ise değişkendir ve ayırıcı bir karakter olarak alınmamalıdır. Ayrıca tek başına iklimin renklenmeyi belirleyen bir faktör olmadığı bulgulanmıştır., In this study, color-pattern characteristics, morphometric characters and phylogenetic relationships were investigated in 81 Laudakia stellio and 17 Trapelus lessonae individuals. It is aimed to reveal the morphological differences in the populations distributed in different regions of Turkey from qualitative and quantitative aspects, to determine the findings of environmental factors that trigger or suppress these differences, and to investigate whether they are hereditary or not. The results showed that the populations of T. lessonae in Urfa and Konya were in the same subclade, and the two populations were separated in terms of color and pattern. It has been found that L. stellio is divided into four subclades which are separated in parallel with the ecological regions they are located, and these findings are supported by PC analyzes of the RGB values. There is sexual dimorphism in L. stellio in terms of morphometric characters. The dorsal body pattern provides information about the sex of the individual as well as the geographic location of the population. The ventral body pattern is variable and should not be taken as a distinguishing character. It has also been found that climate alone is not a color determining factor.

We examined the histological structure of the tongue of Laudakia stellio, the starred agama lizard (Agamidae, Squamata), under light microscopy. We also investigated the muscle and papilla volume ratios, with volumes of each aspect of interest estimated according to the Cavalieri method. The macroscopically short, thick and muscle-rich front tip of the tongue of L stellio does not show any bifurcation, and under light microscopy, the oval-shaped papilla-free front tip was seen to be covered by keratinized stratified epithelium. The dorsal and ventral parts were different, with the former partially covered by keratinized stratified epithelium and rich in secretory glands and secretory cells. The ventral part, which contained keratinized stratified cells, had a flat surface with no papillae. The dorsal surface of the anterior and posterior parts contained fungiform papillae, with the apical parts of these papillae containing minimal keratin; the inter-papillar space was covered by keratin-free squamous stratified epithelium. The middle section of the tongue contained cylindricaltype papillae, with serous and mucous secretory glands and ducts at their base. Finally, the frontal and middle parts of the ventral and dorsal surfaces did not contain any taste buds, although there were some in the hind part of the dorsal surface. As morphometric estimates of volumes of the muscles and papillae, the mean volume ratios (relative to total tongue volume)±standard deviation were 0.66±0.03 and 0.33±0.03, with mean coefficients of error of 0.02 and 0.03, respectively. © 2007 Zoological Society of Japan.

Fifteen Laudakia caucasia and 25 Laudakia stellio from Turkey were examined for helminths. Laudakia caucasia harbored 1 species of Cestoda, Oochoristica tuberculata, and 3 species of Nematoda, Foleyella candezei, Parapharyngodon tyche, and Thelandros baylisi. Laudakia caucasica represents a new host record for O. tuberculata, P. tyche, and T. baylisi. Laudakia stellio harbored 6 species of Nematoda, Foleyella candezei, Parapharyngodon kasauli, Parapharyngodon tyche, Thelandros taylori, Strongyluris calotis, and third-stage ascaridoid larvae. Laudakia stellio represents a new host record for F. candezei, P. kasauli, S. calotis, T. taylori, and ascaridoid larvae.

The Laudakia stellio population in the Hatay region, on the southeast Mediterranean strip of Turkey, was investigated in detail by mapping morphometric and meristic characters as well as colour and pattern features. On the basis of the morphometric characters present in the population sample examined, we conclude that the Hatay population should be included in the subspecies Laudakia stellio stellio. Comparison of the Hatay population with L. s. cypriaca from Cyprus showed that these two populations represent two separate subspecies.

Bu çalışmada, Laudakia stellio türüne ait ergin kertenkelelerin dillerinin histolojik özelliklerinin ortaya konulması, farklı yüksekliklerde yaşayan türler arasındaki histolojik yapı farklılıklarının incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmada kullanılan L. stellio bireyleri 2004 yılının Haziran ayında Kepez/AYDIN (64 m) ve Paşayaylası/AYDIN (1287 m) lokalitelerinden toplanmıştır. Örnekler parafine gömülmüş ve 5 μm. kalınlığında kesitler alınmıştır. Histolojik kesitler PAS, H-E, Gomori Trikrom, PAS-H ve Thionin boyaları kullanılarak boyanmıştır. L. stellio kalın, etli ve kısa bir dil ile çatalsız bir dil ucuna sahiptir. Oval ve papillasız olan dil ucu keratinize çok katlı yassı epitel ile kaplıdır. Işık mikroskobu gözlemleri, dilin dorsal ve ventral yüzeyleri arasında farklılıklar olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Salgı bezi ve hücreleri bakımından zengin olan dorsal kısım, farklı tipte papillalara sahiptir. Bunlar mantarsı ve silindirik papillalardır. Ventral kısmın papillasız yüzeyi keratinize çok katlı yassı epitel ile kaplıdır. Işık mikroskobu altında, seröz ve müköz bez olmak üzeri iki tip salgı bezi gözlenmiştir. Son olarak, dilin sadece arka kısmı birkaç tat tomurcuğuna sahiptir. Sonuç olarak, histolojik gözlemler farklı yüksekliklerde yaşayan L. stelio türleri arasında dil yapısı bakımından herhangi bir fark olmadığını ortaya koymuştur. In the present study , it’s aimed to reveal histological characteristics of tongue of the adult lizard Laudakia stellio and to examine structural changes in tongue histologically, among individuals which live at different altitudes. The L. stellio used in this study were collected from Kepez/AYDIN (64 m.) and Paşayaylası/AYDIN (1287 m.) in June of 2004. Samples were embedded in paraffin and sectioned at 5 μm. Histological sections were stained using H-E, PAS, Gomori’s Trichrome, PAS-H, thionin stains. L. stellio has thick, fleshy and short tongue with non bifurcation tip of tongue. Oval-shaped and papilla free tongue tip is covered by keratinized stratified squamous epithelium. Light microscopy observations revealed differences between dorsal and ventral parts of tongue. Dorsal part has different type of papillae and is rich in secretory glands and cells. These are fungiform and cylindirical papillae. Papilla free surface of ventral part is covered by keratinized stratified squamous epithelium. Under light microscopy, two types of secretory glands were observed: Serous and mucous. Finally, the hind part of the dorsal surface of tongue has a few taste buds. As a result of the study, histological observations revealed that no variations exist in terms of tongue structure among individuals of L. stellio which live at different altitudes.

We examined the histological structure of the tongue of Laudakia stellio, the starred agama lizard (Agamidae, Squamata), under light microscopy. We also investigated the muscle and papilla volume ratios, with volumes of each aspect of interest estimated according to the Cavalieri method. The macroscopically short, thick and muscle-rich front tip of the tongue of L. stellio does not show any bifurcation, and under light microscopy, the oval-shaped papilla-free front tip was seen to be covered by keratinized stratified epithelium. The dorsal and ventral parts were different, with the former partially covered by keratinized stratified epithelium and rich in secretory glands and secretory cells. The ventral part, which contained keratinized stratified cells, had a flat surface with no papillae. The dorsal surface of the anterior and posterior parts contained fungiform papillae, with the apical parts of these papillae containing minimal keratin; the inter-papillar space was covered by keratin-free squamous stratified epithelium. The middle section of the tongue contained cylindrical-type papillae, with serous and mucous secretory glands and ducts at their base. Finally, the frontal and middle parts of the ventral and dorsal surfaces did not contain any taste buds, although there were some in the hind part of the dorsal surface. As morphometric estimates of volumes of the muscles and papillae, the mean volume ratios (relative to total tongue volume)+/-standard deviation were 0.66+/-0.03 and 0.33+/-0.03, with mean coefficients of error of 0.02 and 0.03, respectively. C1 Pamukkale Univ, Fac Med, Dept Histol & Embryol, Denizli, Turkey. Adnan Menderes Univ, Fac Sci & Arts, Dept Biol, Aydin, Turkey.

Laudakia stellio’nın ülkemizde işgal ettiği yayılış alanı içindeki tartışmalı taksonomik durum, Antakya ve Gaziantep bölgesinden toplanan yeni materyal ışığında yeniden değerlendirilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre; Batı Anadolu'dan Akdeniz Bölgesi ve Urfa civarına kadar olan bölgede Laudakia stellio daani alttürü yaşamaktadır. Antakya bölgesinde; Amanos Dağları'nın doğusundan itibaren Suriye ve Ürdün tarafına doğru L. stellio stellio alttürü, Amanos Dağları'nın batısında kalan dar bir alanda ise her iki alttürün melez populasyonu bulunmaktadır., The debatable taxonomic status of Laudakia stellio, which shows distribution in Turkey, was examined by collecting new materials from Antakya and Gaziantep. As a result of our study, subspecies Laudakia stellio daani inhabits from West Anatolia to Mediterranean Region and up to vicinity of Urfa. In Antakya; the nominate race (L. stellio stellio) is found in the area ranging from the eastern part of Amanos Mountain to Syria and Jordan whereas the hybrid race spreads in narrow region situated at the western part of Amanos Mountain.

Laudakia stellio daani (Greece and Aegean) Antiparos: LM 91/1972/1–91/1972/8. Chios: NHMC 80.3.93.31; SMF 10195 –10200. Ikaria (terra typical): NMW 24604 /8, 24604/9, 30974/1, 30974/3, 30989/3. Korfu: SMF 56762, 66811. Kos: NMW 24604 /2. Naxos: NHMC 80.3.93.29, SMF 40009; NMW 24603 /10–24603/15. Paros: NHMC 80.3.93.30; NMW 24603 /1, 24603/4. Piscopi (5 Tilos): SMF 37665. Rhodos: HUJ-R 7929, 14806; MTKD 16062, 16063; SMF 55245, 55403, 55410, 61933, 70164. Saloniki (nr.): HUJ-R 14810; SMF 36394, 39342. Samos: NMW 7297/1, 27584/1, 30989/4., Published as part of Almog, Amit, Bonen, Hamutal, Herman, Karin & Werner, Yehudah L., 2005, Subspeciation or none? The hardun in the Aegean (Reptilia: Sauria: Agamidae: Laudakia stellio), pp. 567-586 in Journal of Natural History 39 (7) on pages 585-586, DOI: 10.1080/00222930400001293, http://zenodo.org/record/5221578

Laudakia stellio stellio Delos (terra typical): SMF 58553; ZFMK 2060–2075, 3089. Mykonos: LM 410/1976/1–410/1976/11; MTKD 25701, 25789, 25790; SMF 10194; ZFMK 2076–2079., Published as part of Almog, Amit, Bonen, Hamutal, Herman, Karin & Werner, Yehudah L., 2005, Subspeciation or none? The hardun in the Aegean (Reptilia: Sauria: Agamidae: Laudakia stellio), pp. 567-586 in Journal of Natural History 39 (7) on page 586, DOI: 10.1080/00222930400001293, http://zenodo.org/record/5221578