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The growing use of digitized mental health applications requires new reliable early screening tools to identify user suicide risk. We used a lexicon-based random forest machine learning algorithm to predict suicide ideation scores from 714 online community text posts from December 2019 to April 2020. We validated predicted scores against expert-rated suicide ideation scores. The algorithm-predicted scores offered high validity and a low error rate and correctly identified 95% of expert-rated high-risk suicide ideation posts. Our findings highlight a potential new method to detect suicidal ideation of digital mental health application users. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Longitudinal neuroimaging investigations of antidepressant treatment offer the opportunity to identify potential baseline biomarkers associated with poor outcome. Methods: To explore the neural correlates of nonresponse to cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) or venlafaxine (VEN), we compared pretreatment (18)F-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography scans of participants with major depressive disorder responding to either 16 weeks of CBT (n = 7) or VEN treatment (n = 9) with treatment nonresponders (n = 8). Results: Nonresponders to CBT or VEN, in contrast to responders, exhibited pretreatment hypermetabolism at the interface of the pregenual and subgenual cingulate cortices. Limitations: Limitations of our study include the small sample sizes and the absence of both arterial sampling to determine absolute glucose metabolism and high-resolution structural magnetic resonance imaging coregistration for region-of-interest analyses. Conclusion: Our current findings are consistent with those reported in previous studies of relative hyperactivity in the ventral anterior cingulate cortex in treatment-resistant populations. Contexte: Les etudes de neuro-imagerie longitudinales pendant le traitement antidepresseur offrent la possibilite de reperer certains biomarqueurs de base susceptibles d'etre associes a une evolution moins favorable. Methodes: Pour explorer les correlats neuraux propres au phenomene de resistance a la therapie cognitivo-comportementale (TCC) ou au traitement par venlafaxine (VEN), nous avons compare les tomographies par emission de positrons au (18)F-fluoro-2-desoxy-D-glucose pretherapeutiques de participants atteints de troubles depressifs majeurs qui ont repondu soit a 16 semaines de TCC (n = 7), soit a un traitement par VEN (n = 9), a celles de participants n'ayant pas repondu au traitement (n = 8). Resultats: Comparativement aux participants ayant repondu au traitement, ceux qui n'ont repondu ni a la TCC ni a la VEN presentaient en pretraitement un hypermetabolisme au niveau de l'interface du cortex cingulaire ventro-anterieur du genou du corps calleux. Limites: Les limites de notre etude sont notamment la petite taille des echantillons et l'absence a la fois de prelevements arteriels pour determiner le metabolisme absolu du glucose et d'enregistrements simultanes d'imagerie par resonance magnetique structurelle de haute resolution a des fins d'analyse des regions concernees. Conclusion: Nos resultats actuels concordent avec ceux d'etudes anterieures sur l'hyperactivite relative du cortex cingulaire ventro-anterieur dans le traitement des populations refractaires au traitement., Introduction The 2 most established acute treatment modalities for major depressive disorder (MDD) are pharmacotherapy and evidence-based psychotherapy, particularly cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT). Both have roughly comparable outcomes. (1,2) Nevertheless, [...]

This paper tackles a power minimization problem of interleave-division multiple-access (IDMA) systems over a fading multiple-access channel. The problem is minimizing the total power received by the receiver while keeping the bit error rates (BERs) of all users below a predefined value. The original formulation of the problem has highly nonlinear and implicitly defined functions, which render most existing optimization methods incapable. A new formulation is proposed in this paper, whose solution can effectively be obtained by a branch-and-bound (B&B) technique. An algorithm is devised based on B&B, and its effectiveness is also demonstrated by numerical experiments of systems with a moderate numbers of users. Index Terms--Branch-and-bound (B&B), code-division multiple access (CDMA), interleave-division multiple access (IDMA), iterative multiuser detection (MUD), optimization, power allocation.

In this study, the authors both developed and validated a self-report mindfulness measure, the Toronto Mindfulness Scale (TMS). In Study 1, participants were individuals with and without meditation experience. Results showed good internal consistency and two factors, Curiosity and Decentering. Most of the expected relationships with other constructs were as expected. The TMS scores increased with increasing mindfulness meditation experience. In Study 2. criterion and incremental validity of the TMS were investigated on a group of individuals participating in 8-week mindfulness-based stress reduction programs. Results showed that TMS scores increased following treatment, and Decentering scores predicted improvements in clinical outcome. Thus, the TMS is a promising measure of the mindfulness state with good psychometric properties and predictive of treatment outcome. Keywords: Toronto Mindfulness Scale; self-report assessment: mindfulness; meditation; psychometric characteristics

Teasdale's differential activation hypothesis (DAH) has been proposed as one account of cognitive vulnerability to depression. This view holds that important factors determining whether one's initial depression becomes more severe or persistent are the degree of activation, and content, of negative thinking patterns that become accessible in the depressed state. This phenomenon has been referred to as cognitive reactivity. Empirical support for the predictions of this model derives from a combination of cross-sectional and prospective studies. In this article, we evaluate this evidence with the goal of determining whether mood-induced cognitive reactivity can be considered a risk factor for depressive relapse/recurrence. Our review demonstrates sufficient evidence to consider cognitive reactivity as a potential causal risk factor for depressive relapse/recurrence. Furthermore, we extend the application of this model to the problem of suicidal relapse/recurrence including a review of preliminary support for this approach. Keywords: Major depression; Relapse/recurrence; Differential activation hypothesis; Cognitive reactivity; Risk factor; Suicide

Neuropsychological tests enable an analysis of the correlations between extensive intoxication due to alcohol, aggressive behavior, provocation and frontal-lobe function. The response of subjects with low cognitive functioning to provocation was more aggressive than that of the others. These individuals, upon alcohol intoxication, exhibit an enhanced intensity of shock. These studies imply the increase in aggression due to provocation, coupled with alcohol intoxication.