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3. The immune status of migrant populations in Europe and implications for vaccine-preventable disease control: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Author

Cherri, Zeinab, Lau, Karen, Nellums, Laura B, Himmels, Jan, Deal, Anna, McGuire, Emma, Mounier-Jack, Sandra, Norredam, Marie, Crawshaw, Alison, Carter, Jessica, Seedat, Farah, Clemente, Nuria Sanchez, Bouaddi, Oumnia, Friedland, Jon S, Edelstein, Michael, and Hargreaves, Sally

Subjects
*DIPHTHERIA vaccines, *VACCINATION coverage, *BOOSTER vaccines, *HERD immunity, *IMMUNITY, *RUBELLA
Abstract

Background Ensuring vaccination coverage reaches established herd immunity thresholds (HITs) is the cornerstone of any vaccination programme. Diverse migrant populations in European countries have been associated with cases of vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs) and outbreaks, yet it is not clear to what extent they are an under-immunized group. Methods We did a systematic review and meta-analysis to synthesize peer-reviewed published primary research reporting data on the immune status of migrants in EU/EEA countries, the UK and Switzerland, calculating their pooled immunity coverage for measles, mumps, rubella and diphtheria using random-effects models. We searched on Web of Science, Embase, Global Health and MEDLINE (1 January 2000 to 10 June 2022), with no language restrictions. The protocol is registered with PROSPERO (CRD42018103666). Findings Of 1103 abstracts screened, 62 met eligibility criteria, of which 39 were included in the meta-analysis. The meta-analysis included 75 089 migrants, predominantly from outside Europe. Pooled immunity coverage among migrant populations was well below the recommended HIT for diphtheria (n  = 7, 57.4% [95% confidence interval (CI): 43.1–71.7%] I 2 = 99% vs HIT 83–86%), measles (n  = 21, 83.7% [95% CI: 79.2–88.2] I 2 = 99% vs HIT 93–95%) and mumps (n  = 8, 67.1% [95% CI: 50.6–83.6] I 2 = 99% vs HIT 88–93%) and midway for rubella (n  = 29, 85.6% [95% CI: 83.1–88.1%] I 2 = 99% vs HIT 83–94%), with high heterogeneity across studies. Interpretation Migrants in Europe are an under-immunized group for a range of important VPDs, with this study reinforcing the importance of engaging children, adolescents and adults in 'catch-up' vaccination initiatives on arrival for vaccines, doses and boosters they may have missed in their home countries. Co-designing strategies to strengthen catch-up vaccination across the life course in under-immunized groups is an important next step if we are to meet European and global targets for VPD elimination and control and ensure vaccine equity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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5. Early Functional Limitations in Cognitively Normal Older Adults Predict Diagnostic Conversion to Mild Cognitive Impairment

Author

Farias, Sarah Tomaszewski, Lau, Karen, Harvey, Danielle, Denny, Katherine G, Barba, Cheyanne, and Mefford, Anthony N

Subjects
Psychology, Health Sciences, Applied and Developmental Psychology, Rehabilitation, Brain Disorders, Aging, Behavioral and Social Science, Clinical Research, Prevention, Alzheimer's Disease, Alzheimer's Disease including Alzheimer's Disease Related Dementias (AD/ADRD), Neurodegenerative, Neurosciences, Dementia, Acquired Cognitive Impairment, Mental health, Neurological, Activities of Daily Living, Aged, Alzheimer Disease, Cognition, Cognitive Dysfunction, Female, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Neuropsychological Tests, Self Report, functional ability, normal cognition, mild cognitive impairment, self-report, informant report, Medical and Health Sciences, Geriatrics, Biomedical and clinical sciences, Health sciences
Abstract

ObjectivesTo examine whether specific types of early functional limitations in cognitively normal older adults are associated with subsequent development of mild cognitive impairment (MCI), as well as the relative predictive value of self versus informant report in predicting diagnostic conversion to MCI.DesignAs a part of a longitudinal study design, participants underwent baseline and annual multidisciplinary clinical evaluations, including a physical and neurological examination, imaging, laboratory work, and neuropsychological testing.SettingData used in this study were collected as part of longitudinal research at the University of California, Davis Alzheimer's Disease Center.ParticipantsIndividuals diagnosed as having normal cognition at study baseline who had an informant who could complete informant-based ratings and at least one follow-up visit (N = 324).MeasurementsParticipants and informants each completed the Everyday Cognition Scale (ECog), an instrument designed to measure everyday function in six cognitively relevant domains.ResultsSelf- and informant-reported functional limitations on the ECog were associated with significantly greater risk of diagnostic conversion to MCI (informant: hazard ratio (HR) = 2.0, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.3-3.2, P = .002), with self-report having a slightly higher hazard (HR = 2.3, 95% CI = 1.4-3.6, P < .001). When controlling for baseline cognitive abilities, the effect remained significant for self- and informant-reported functional limitations.ConclusionDeficits in everyday memory and executive function domains were the strongest predictors of diagnostic conversion to MCI. Detection of early functional limitations may be clinically useful in assessing the future risk of developing cognitive impairment in cognitively normal older adults.

Published
2017

7. Valve-in-Valve Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement and Bioprosthetic Valve Fracture Comparing Different Transcatheter Heart Valve Designs: An Ex Vivo Bench Study

Author

Sathananthan, Janarthanan, Sellers, Stephanie, Barlow, Aaron M., Stanová, Viktória, Fraser, Rob, Toggweiler, Stefan, Allen, Keith B., Chhatriwalla, Adnan, Murdoch, Dale J., Hensey, Mark, Lau, Karen, Alkhodair, Abdullah, Dvir, Danny, Asgar, Anita W., Cheung, Anson, Blanke, Philipp, Ye, Jian, Rieu, Régis, Pibarot, Phillippe, Wood, David, Leipsic, Jonathan, and Webb, John G.

Published
2019
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13. Cytoskeletal abnormalities and neutrophil dysfunction in WDR1 deficiency

Author

Kuhns, Douglas B., Fink, Danielle L., Choi, Uimook, Sweeney, Colin, Lau, Karen, Priel, Debra Long, Riva, Dara, Mendez, Laura, Uzel, Gulbu, Freeman, Alexandra F., Olivier, Kenneth N., Anderson, Victoria L., Currens, Robin, Mackley, Vanessa, Kang, Allison, Al-Adeli, Mehdi, Mace, Emily, Orange, Jordan S., Kang, Elizabeth, Lockett, Stephen J., Chen, De, Steinbach, Peter J., Hsu, Amy P., Zarember, Kol A., Malech, Harry L., Gallin, John I., and Holland, Steven M.

Published
2016
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17. Ethics and safeguarding guidance for research with youth in risk circumstances

Author

Kyegombe, Nambusi, Pearson, Isabelle, Veitch, Helen, Blagbrough, Jonathan, Lau, Karen, and Zimmerman, Cathy

Subjects
Ethics, safeguarding, children, youth, risk situations, low and middle-income countries, ethics guidelines, co-produced research, Social and Behavioral Sciences
Abstract

There has been increasing donor investment in research to identify the needs of particularly vulnerable youth--or youth in risk situations in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). Youth in LMICs who are in risk situations often include, for example: working youth, trafficked youth, youth living outside of family care, homeless youth, young people affected by abuse or neglect, unaccompanied minors, including displaced, refugee and asylum-seeking youth. While there exists guidance on the safe and ethical conduct of research with children there remain important gaps to guide research specifically with young people affected by difficult or abusive circumstances. Furthermore, current ethical protocols include relatively little guidance on youth-appropriate approaches to participatory or co-production methods with young people in different risk contexts. Co-production methods are recognised for their benefits for youth themselves, for researchers and especially for action-oriented intervention development. The ethics of participatory research is particularly challenging because our current understanding of the mechanisms and influence of co-produced research is still somewhat limited, particularly among marginalised groups in LMICS, such as exploited youth. This scoping review is part of a programme of work will identify ethical challenges and practices in co-produced research (online and offline) with youth (ages 15-24) to carry out studies with young people (ages 10-24) in risk situations. A review of existing studies with children in at risk situations will be conducted to identify the research and ethical challenges that have been experienced, as well as key recommendations on how to overcome these

Published
2022
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18. Development of a Website for a Living Network Meta-analysis of Atopic Dermatitis Treatments Using a User-Centered Design: Multimethod Study

Author

Lau, Karen P L, primary, Agarwal, Payal, additional, Parente, Laura, additional, Marcello, Olivia, additional, Lovas, Mike, additional, Van, Jason, additional, Vigod, Simone N, additional, Champagne, Trevor, additional, Mohan, Tanya, additional, Arents, Bernd WM, additional, Burton, Tim, additional, Flohr, Carsten, additional, and Drucker, Aaron M, additional

Published
2022
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20. X-linked carriers of chronic granulomatous disease: Illness, lyonization, and stability

Author

Marciano, Beatriz E., Zerbe, Christa S., Falcone, Liana E., Ding, Li, DeRavin, Suk See, Daub, Janine, Kreuzburg, Samantha, Yockey, Lynne, Hunsberger, Sally, Foruraghi, Ladan, Barnhart, Lisa A., Matharu, Kabir, Anderson, Victoria, Darnell, Dirk N., Frein, Cathleen, Fink, Danielle L., Lau, Karen P., Priel, Debra Long A., Gallin, John I., Malech, Harry L., Uzel, Gulbu, Freeman, Alexandra F., Kuhns, Douglas B., Rosenzweig, Sergio D., and Holland, Steven M.

Published
2018
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25. UBC Academic District Energy System : Thermal Energy Storage

Author

Owen, Carlie and Lau, Karen

Abstract

This report aims to investigate thermal storage alternatives for the University of British Columbia (UBC) to explore in its journey to carbon neutrality by 2050. The thermal storage system will ideally reduce peak thermal energy requirements from the UBC district heating system during start-ups in the cold months of the year, thereby flattening overall energy usage. District heating systems have evolved over the years resulting in four distinct generations of systems; UBC is categorized as second generation as it is operating at above 100°C, though the infrastructure is set up to operate as a third generation system. Multiple categories of thermal energy storage (TES) were researched: storage as sensible, latent or thermo-chemical heat; long-term and short-term storage; and centralized or distributed. The most viable option for UBC at this time is a sensible thermal energy storage system that uses large thermal storage tanks to store energy, thus relieving the strains on the current system during peak hours. The first step towards utilizing thermal energy storage in a cost effective manner is to shift the district heating system to operate at below 100°C, and to accommodate for the use of an atmospheric thermal storage system. Large capacity, atmospheric thermal storage tanks were used for other University District Heating Systems, and provides an opportunity to be charged by a future campus renewable energy source. UBC Social Ecological Economic Development Studies (SEEDS) Sustainability ProgramStudent Research ReportDecarbonizing UBC’s District Energy System: District Energy Heat Pump TechnologyThivya Viswanathan University of British Columbia APPP 506 Themes: Buildings, Energy, Water Date: Dec 31, 2019 Disclaimer: “UBC SEEDS Sustainability Program provides students with the opportunity to share the findings of their studies, as well as their opinions, conclusions and recommendations with the UBC community. The reader should bear in mind that this is a student research project/report and is not an official document of UBC. Furthermore, readers should bear in mind that these reports may not reflect the current status of activities at UBC. We urge you to contact the research persons mentioned in a report or the SEEDS Sustainability Program representative about the current status of the subject matter of a project/report”.

Published
2020
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27. Tricuspid Valve-in-Valve and Bioprosthetic Surgical Tricuspid and Pulmonic Valve Degeneration

Author

Sellers, Stephanie L., primary, Hensey, Mark, additional, Cartlidge, Timothy R.G., additional, Turner, Christopher T., additional, Lau, Karen, additional, Lai, Althea, additional, Salcudean, Hannah, additional, Sathananthan, Janarthanan, additional, McManus, Bruce M., additional, Granville, David J., additional, Payne, Geoffrey W., additional, Pibarot, Philippe, additional, Webb, John G., additional, Newby, David E., additional, Blanke, Philipp, additional, Seidman, Michael A., additional, Dweck, Marc R., additional, and Leipsic, Jonathon A., additional

Published
2020
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28. TCT-96 Tricuspid Valve-in-Valve and Bioprosthetic Surgical Tricuspid and Pulmonic Valve Degeneration: Lessons From Imaging and Histopathology

Author

Sellers, Stephanie, primary, Cartlidge, Tim, additional, Hensey, Mark, additional, Turner, Christopher, additional, Lai, Althea, additional, Lau, Karen, additional, Sathananthan, Janarthanan, additional, Blanke, Philipp, additional, Granville, David, additional, McManus, Bruce, additional, Webb, John, additional, Newby, David, additional, Dweck, Marc, additional, and Leipsic, Jonathon, additional

Published
2019
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31. NCF1 (p47phox)–deficient chronic granulomatous disease: comprehensive genetic and flow cytometric analysis

Author

Kuhns, Douglas B., primary, Hsu, Amy P., additional, Sun, David, additional, Lau, Karen, additional, Fink, Danielle, additional, Griffith, Paul, additional, Huang, Da Wei, additional, Priel, Debra A. Long, additional, Mendez, Laura, additional, Kreuzburg, Samantha, additional, Zerbe, Christa S., additional, De Ravin, Suk See, additional, Malech, Harry L., additional, Holland, Steven M., additional, Wu, Xiaolin, additional, and Gallin, John I., additional

Published
2019
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36. "Being Unfilial Condemns You to Hell": Integrative Treatment for Social Anxiety Shaped by Domestic Abuse, Confucian Values, and Taoist Beliefs.

Author

Lau, Karen Chi-Kwan and Sündermann, Oliver

Subjects
*SOCIAL anxiety, *DOMESTIC violence, *ANXIETY treatment
Abstract

Social anxiety is a common and treatable condition but less is known about how to adapt evidence-based approaches in a culture-sensitive way to Asian clients. We present the case of "Sally," a 25-year-old Chinese Singaporean female who suffered from severe and long-standing social anxiety disorder (SAD), and secondary low mood. Contributing factors included a history of domestic abuse, as well as culturally influenced authoritarian parenting emphasizing the Confucian value of filial piety and reinforced by Taoist beliefs of karmic retribution and supernatural punishment. Treatment was based on Clark and Wells's cognitive model of SAD with a focus on behavioral experiments, and was enhanced using a schema mode formulation and imagery rescripting to address relevant early memories that were at the origin of the social anxiety. Sally received a total of 42 sessions over the course of 21 weeks, during which she made steady progress toward recovery. Her self-reported depression and social phobia fell from the "severe clinical" range pretreatment to the "non-clinical" range posttreatment; these gains were maintained at 6 months follow-up. Sally's functioning fully recovered, and she returned to work and school. While behavioral experiments for dropping safety behaviors were useful for overcoming the social anxiety, schema formulation was important for providing Sally with insight to her thought process, and imagery rescripting was crucial for weakening her self-criticism and internalized black and white thinking on filial piety. The significance of culture and religion in SAD, and the potential of adapting cognitive therapy in a culture-sensitive way is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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37. Hypoxia causes transgenerational impairments in reproduction of fish

Author

Wang, Simon Yuan, primary, Lau, Karen, additional, Lai, Keng-Po, additional, Zhang, Jiang-Wen, additional, Tse, Anna Chung-Kwan, additional, Li, Jing-Woei, additional, Tong, Yin, additional, Chan, Ting-Fung, additional, Wong, Chris Kong-Chu, additional, Chiu, Jill Man-Ying, additional, Au, Doris Wai-Ting, additional, Wong, Alice Sze-Tsai, additional, Kong, Richard Yuen-Chong, additional, and Wu, Rudolf Shiu-Sun, additional

Published
2016
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40. NCF1(p47phox)–deficient chronic granulomatous disease: comprehensive genetic and flow cytometric analysis

Author

Kuhns, Douglas B., Hsu, Amy P., Sun, David, Lau, Karen, Fink, Danielle, Griffith, Paul, Huang, Da Wei, Priel, Debra A. Long, Mendez, Laura, Kreuzburg, Samantha, Zerbe, Christa S., De Ravin, Suk See, Malech, Harry L., Holland, Steven M., Wu, Xiaolin, and Gallin, John I.

Abstract

Mutations in NCF1(p47phox) cause autosomal recessive chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) with abnormal dihydrorhodamine (DHR) assay and absent p47phoxprotein. Genetic identification of NCF1mutations is complicated by adjacent highly conserved (>98%) pseudogenes (NCF1Band NCF1C). NCF1has GTGT at the start of exon 2, whereas the pseudogenes each delete 1 GT (ΔGT). In p47phoxCGD, the most common mutation is ΔGT in NCF1(c.75_76delGT; p.Tyr26fsX26). Sequence homology between NCF1and its pseudogenes precludes reliable use of standard Sanger sequencing for NCF1mutations and for confirming carrier status. We first established by flow cytometry that neutrophils from p47phoxCGD patients had negligible p47phoxexpression, whereas those from p47phoxCGD carriers had ∼60% of normal p47phoxexpression, independent of the specific mutation in NCF1. We developed a droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) with 2 distinct probes, recognizing either the wild-type GTGT sequence or the ΔGT sequence. A second ddPCR established copy number by comparison with the single-copy telomerase reverse transcriptase gene, TERT. We showed that 84% of p47phoxCGD patients were homozygous for ΔGT NCF1. The ddPCR assay also enabled determination of carrier status of relatives. Furthermore, only 79.2% of normal volunteers had 2 copies of GTGT per 6 total (NCF1/NCF1B/NCF1C) copies, designated 2/6; 14.7% had 3/6, and 1.6% had 4/6 GTGT copies. In summary, flow cytometry for p47phoxexpression quickly identifies patients and carriers of p47phoxCGD, and genomic ddPCR identifies patients and carriers of ΔGT NCF1, the most common mutation in p47phoxCGD.

Published
2019
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42. Tissue-specific transcriptome assemblies of the marine medaka Oryzias melastigma and comparative analysis with the freshwater medaka Oryzias latipes

Author

Lai, Keng Po, primary, Li, Jing-Woei, additional, Wang, Simon Yuan, additional, Chiu, Jill Man-Ying, additional, Tse, Anna, additional, Lau, Karen, additional, Lok, Si, additional, Au, Doris Wai-Ting, additional, Tse, William Ka-Fai, additional, Wong, Chris Kong-Chu, additional, Chan, Ting-Fung, additional, Kong, Richard Yuen-Chong, additional, and Wu, Rudolf Shiu-Sun, additional

Published
2015
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43. Identification and Expression Profiling of MicroRNAs in the Brain, Liver and Gonads of Marine Medaka (Oryzias melastigma) and in Response to Hypoxia

Author

Lau, Karen, primary, Lai, Keng Po, additional, Bao, Jessie Yun Juan, additional, Zhang, Na, additional, Tse, Anna, additional, Tong, Amy, additional, Li, Jing Woei, additional, Lok, Si, additional, Kong, Richard Yuen Chong, additional, Lui, Wing Yee, additional, Wong, Alice, additional, and Wu, Rudolf Shiu Sun, additional

Published
2014
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45. Integrative DNA, RNA, and Protein Evidence Connects TREML4 to Coronary Artery Calcification

Author

Sen, Shurjo K., primary, Boelte, Kimberly C., additional, Barb, Jennifer J., additional, Joehanes, Roby, additional, Zhao, XiaoQing, additional, Cheng, Qi, additional, Adams, Lila, additional, Teer, Jamie K., additional, Accame, David S., additional, Chowdhury, Soma, additional, Singh, Larry N., additional, Kavousi, Maryam, additional, Peyser, Patricia A., additional, Quigley, Laura, additional, Priel, Debra Long, additional, Lau, Karen, additional, Kuhns, Douglas B., additional, Yoshimura, Teizo, additional, Johnson, Andrew D., additional, Hwang, Shih-Jen, additional, Chen, Marcus Y., additional, Arai, Andrew E., additional, Green, Eric D., additional, Mullikin, James C., additional, Kolodgie, Frank D., additional, O’Donnell, Christopher J., additional, Virmani, Renu, additional, Munson, Peter J., additional, McVicar, Daniel W., additional, and Biesecker, Leslie G., additional

Published
2014
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47. TREML4 expression by myeloid cells may play a role in coronary artery disease (HUM1P.308)

Author

Boelte, Kimberly, primary, Sen, Shurjo, additional, Long Priel, Debra, additional, Lau, Karen, additional, Cardone, Marco, additional, Yoshimura, Teizo, additional, Barb, Jennifer, additional, Joehanes, Roby, additional, Accame, David, additional, Teer, Jamie, additional, Singh, Larry, additional, Adams, Lila, additional, Zhang, XiaoQing, additional, Chowdhury, Soma, additional, Johnson, Andrew, additional, Green, Eric, additional, Mullikin, James, additional, Kolodgie, Frank, additional, Virmani, Renu, additional, O'Donnell, Christopher, additional, Munson, Peter, additional, Trinchieri, Giorgio, additional, Kuhns, Douglas, additional, Biesecker, Leslie, additional, and McVicar, Daniel, additional

Published
2014
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50. Multistage quadratic stochastic programming

Author

Lau, Karen Karman

Subjects
MathematicsofComputing_NUMERICALANALYSIS, Stochastic programming, Quadratic programming
Abstract

Multistage stochastic programming is an important tool in medium to long term planning where there are uncertainties in the data. In this thesis, we consider a special case of multistage stochastic programming in which each subprogram is a convex quadratic program. The results are also applicable if the quadratic objectives are replaced by convex piecewise quadratic functions. Convex piecewise quadratic functions have important application in financial planning problems as they can be used as very flexible risk measures. The stochastic programming problems can be used as multi-period portfolio planning problems tailored to the need of individual investors. Using techniques from convex analysis and sensitivity analysis, we show that each subproblem of a multistage quadratic stochastic program is a polyhedral piecewise quadratic program with convex Lipschitz objective. The objective of any subproblem is differentiable with Lipschitz gradient if all its descendent problems have unique dual variables, which can be guaranteed if the linear independence constraint qualification is satisfied. Expression for arbitrary elements of the subdifferential and generalized Hessian at a point can be calculated for quadratic pieces that are active at the point. Generalized Newton methods with linesearch are proposed for solving multistage quadratic stochastic programs. The algorithms converge globally. If the piecewise quadratic objective is differentiable and strictly convex at the solution, then convergence is also finite. A generalized Newton algorithm is implemented in Matlab. Numerical experiments have been carried out to demonstrate its effectiveness. The algorithm is tested on random data with 3, 4 and 5 stages with a maximum of 315 scenarios. The algorithm has also been successfully applied to two sets of test data from a capacity expansion problem and a portfolio management problem. Various strategies have been implemented to improve the efficiency of the proposed algorithm. We experimented with trust region methods with different parameters, using an advanced solution from a smaller version of the original problem and sorting the stochastic right hand sides to encourage faster convergence. The numerical results show that the proposed generalized Newton method is a highly accurate and effective method for multistage quadratic stochastic programs. For problems with the same number of stages, solution times increase linearly with the number of scenarios.

Published
1999
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