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Copyright of Perífrasis. Revista de Literatura, Teoría y Crítica is the property of Universidad de los Andes and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

En este estudio se observa el desarrollo de las matrices de política externa entre Brasil y México y el desarrollo de sus relaciones bilaterales en el contexto del siglo XXI, basado en un proceso histórico-institucional. Exploramos las estrategias de autonomía y el alcance de sus influencias geopolíticas utilizando el enfoque analítico del neoinstitucionalismo histórico (Collier y Munck, 2022). El trabajo señala que las divisiones geopolíticas han afectado la posibilidad de aproximación entre los dos países, generando tensiones y dificultades en la coordinación de una visión compartida de cooperación; finalmente, se sugiere la necesidad de un alineamiento Brasil-México, con el objetivo de ampliar relaciones comerciales y principalmente políticas, que superen desafíos estructurales para alcanzar un liderazgo conjunto en América Latina. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Este artículo se estructura en tres partes. La primera se dedica a la teoría y la conceptualización de las conmemoraciones de la comunidad política en general, resaltando la naturaleza interdisciplinaria del objeto. A continuación, se revisan las perspectivas adoptadas en las investigaciones sobre los Centenarios patrios en América Latina en su primera oleada en torno al año 1910 y la segunda durante la década de 1920. La última parte, en comparación con la anterior, presenta un balance –necesariamente provisorio– de los estudios de las conmemoraciones de los Bicentenarios en torno al año 2010 y la segunda oleada de festejos actualmente en curso. Se identifican algunas preguntas transversales a los dos momentos históricos, se ponderan las especificidades y énfasis en cada agenda (incluido el tipo de fuentes disponibles), junto con las preguntas y enfoques que todavía están pendientes de explorar con más profundidad en cada caso y en especial aquellas que se abren en el marco de las conmemoraciones actuales: la relación entre las luchas memoriales y las dinámicas de inclusión-exclusión en los rostros de la nación; el análisis comparativo y conectado a nivel internacional y subnacional, y el aprovechamiento de herramientas etnográficas para el estudio de los públicos.

Este trabajo se desprende de una investigación más amplia de la obra Letras de la Nueva España (1948) de Alfonso Reyes, conjunto de siete ensayos, cuyo séptimo lugar corresponde a “La Era Crítica (XVIII y XIX)”. Proponemos un análisis de este ensayo, que se apoyará, en primera instancia, en presupuestos conceptuales del propio Reyes sobre sus conceptos de cultura y síntesis cultural presentes en sus ensayos-conferencias “Notas sobre la inteligencia americana” (1936) y “Posición de América” (1942), y lo observaremos a partir del concepto poscolonial que propone Ángel Rama, del intelectual de la ciudad letrada en su libro La ciudad Letrada (1998). Este contexto conceptual e histórico-cultural será la base para un análisis del discurso de algunos momentos del ensayo, desde las perspectivas de Teun Van Dijk (2000), Helena Calsamiglia y Amparo Tusón (1999), así como desde la teoría de la enunciación de Emile Benveniste (1971). Esto nos permitirá comprender el lugar que Letras de la Nueva España y el ensayo en cuestión ocupan en la obra de Reyes, y la forma en la que el autor se integra al quehacer cultural mexicano y latinoamericano a partir de, en este caso, su valoración de las letras mexicanas del periodo colonial.

La medición del constructo de la alfabetización financiera es un tema de gran interés tanto para académicos como para diseñadores de políticas públicas. A pesar de ello, pocos investigadores latinoamericanos han emprendido trabajos que propongan escalas con las cualidades metodológicas necesarias. En este contexto, este estudio tiene como objetivo evaluar la escala de Alfabetización Financiera sobre Decisiones Financieras Clave (FLKD, por sus siglas en inglés) en tres muestras de tres países latinoamericanos, con la finalidad de identificar si el instrumento es apto para ser utilizado como herramienta que calibra de manera válida y confiable entre jóvenes adultos. Para esto se lleva a cabo el análisis de confiabilidad, de correlaciones y factorial confirmatorio, utilizando además el Modelado de Sistema de Ecuaciones Estructurales (SEM). Se destaca que este proceso es confirmatorio, es decir, no semi confirmatorio. Los resultados indican que el ajuste del modelo en cada muestra se aproxima a lo esperado, obteniendo mejores resultados en la muestra global, aunque por debajo de los parámetros de corte más estrictos. A pesar de este hecho, los resultados respaldan la afirmación de que la escala FLKD constituye un adecuado punto de partida para ser afinado y aplicado en jóvenes universitarios de países latinoamericanos. Además, los hallazgos sugieren que existe la posibilidad de explorar nuevas relaciones y análisis que amplíen la comprensión de cómo la variable de comportamiento financiero se relaciona. Este enfoque holístico puede enriquecer la comprensión de la alfabetización financiera y su impacto en el bienestar financiero de los individuos en la región.

A 1980 black and white photograph portrays a naked woman, whose identity is unknown, holding a large knife pointing at her pregnant belly. The photograph, No matar, ni ver matar animales III (1985), is a self-portrait by Cuban artist Marta María Pérez Bravo (Havana, 1959). It belongs to the series Para concebir (1985-1986) in which the artist captures the period of pregnancy and post-partum in a sequence of black and white shots with strongly anti-romantic and exorcising connotations. The title refers to the superstition linked to the Afro-Cuban religions of Santería and Palo Monte according to which a woman will give birth to a child with a violent temperament if she kills or witnesses the killing of an animal during the nine months of gestation. By examining the work of Pérez Bravo, together with that of Johanna Hammann (Lima,1954-2017), Barbara Carrasco (El Paso, 1967), Monica Mayer (Mexico City, 1954) and Josely Carvalho (São Paulo, 1942), this article aims to investigate the emergence of a dystopian representation of the maternal body in Latin American art since the late 1970s. This iconography subverts the traditional collective imagery of motherhood as caring and loving, contrasting it with an often brutal and violent representation, symptomatic of local traditions, religious values, racial issues and the socio-political situations of certain realities in Latin America. This body of images suggests a maternal ‘artivism’ that denotes an understanding and representation of the female body as a political and militant apparatus and social product.

Reseña de: Güemes, C. y Cos Montiel, F. (2023) (Eds.). Cuidados y ecofeminismo. Consolidar avances y construir futuros igualitarios en Latinoamérica. Fundación Carolina, 117 pp.

Sports diplomacy through soccer has played a key role in the Islamic Republic of Iran's penetration strategy in Latin America since 1982. This strategy has been carefully developed, backed by ideological affinities with the Latin American left. The consolidation of this relationship was significantly marked with the rise to power of Hugo Chavez in Venezuela in 1999. This led to close diplomatic and economic collaboration between Iran and Venezuela, even overcoming obstacles related to economic sanctions, and manifested itself in tangible ways through military and political support. In this sense, the soft power of soccer appears as a ratification mechanism for these agreements. The methodology applied is a mixed one, combining quantitative and qualitative analysis. In the quantitative analysis, the historical data of the Iranian national team's friendly matches have been examined in detail, identifying patterns in the choice of opponents and their possible relationship with political events. While, in the qualitative analysis, a thorough review of academic papers, government reports and political speeches has been conducted. This has allowed us to identify political discourses and narratives, as well as to understand the political motivations and objectives that influenced the choice of rivals. Ultimately, this research concludes that the choice of opponents for Iran's friendly soccer matches has not been random, but a meticulously planned diplomatic strategy. This undeniable relationship between soccer and politics reflects the importance of sport as an instrument of soft power and international projection in the Islamic Republic of Iran. Sports diplomacy, in this context, has been a crucial resource in both the internal legitimization and external projection of the Iranian regime, contributing significantly to its strategic presence in Latin America.

En la actualidad se observa la generación de residuos sólidos como un problema que está escalando a niveles más altos en todos los países del mundo y también en Latinoamérica. Así, este artículo de revisión de la literatura pretende analizar las políticas para la gestión de residuos implementadas por diferentes municipios pertenecientes a países de la región. Se realizó una búsqueda en diferentes bases de datos y fuentes bibliográficas, utilizando las plataformas Scielo, Dialnet y Scopus. De esta forma y aplicando criterios de inclusión y exclusión se seleccionaron 30 artículos, que fueron considerados para proporcionar la realidad de las políticas, planes de acción, innovación en técnicas de gestión e infraestructura. Finalmente, se señala la deficiencia administrativa en los procesos de eliminación de desechos, que se da de manera generalizada en América Latina, siendo Brasil el país que presenta mayor cantidad de estudios resaltando las carencias de las ciudades que la constituyen. Además, se destaca la incidencia del trabajo en conjunto de los agentes participativos (población, Estado, sector privado), que condiciona tanto los buenos como los malos resultados del manejo de residuos sólidos.

RESUMEN - Introducción/objetivo: en el contexto actual, la economía verde ha ganado en importancia como campo de estudio y línea de investigación multidisciplinaria. Por ello, se precisó alcanzar un entendimiento profundo de sus tendencias bibliométricas, las principales líneas y los retos fundamentales que enfrenta en la matriz del desarrollo sostenible. Con el fin de explorar la literatura de impacto, el estudio se condujo en la base de datos Scopus (2022-2024). Metodología: se realizó un estudio mixto de revisión en dos fases con estructura embebida (Cuan-cual), la primera con diseño bibliométrico y la segunda con enfoque hermenéutico. Se analizaron un total de 822 estudios en la primera fase y 23 en la segunda. Resultados: los hallazgos confirman el crecimiento del campo, así como el incremento de su relevancia, y a la vez permitieron elaborar los ejes de tensión que dan forma a la intersección entre sostenibilidad y economía verde. Conclusiones: se presenta una síntesis de los desafíos y potencialidades, así como se ofrecen ideas para entender el estado de la economía verde como campo y la realización de estudios futuros. ABSTRACT - Introduction/Objective: In today’s context, the green economy has emerged as a pivotal multidisciplinary field of study and research. This study aims to delve deeply into its bibliometric trends, primary research themes, and critical challenges within the framework of sustainable development. The objective was to explore influential literature, conducted through analysis of the Scopus database spanning from 2022 to 2024. Methodology: This study employed a two-phase mixed-method review with an embedded design (quan-qual). The first phase utilized bibliometric analysis, while the second phase adopted a hermeneutic approach. A total of 822 studies were analyzed in the initial phase, followed by an in-depth examination of 23 studies in the second phase. Results: The findings underscore the burgeoning growth and increasing relevance of the green economy. Moreover, they outline the key thematic tensions that define the intersection between sustainability and the principles of the green economy. Conclusions: This study provides a comprehensive synthesis of the challenges and potentials inherent in the green economy as a field of study. It also offers insights into future research directions to further elucidate its current state and trajectory.

La fruticultura es una actividad económica en constante ascenso. A pesar del incremento en la producción mundial de frutas, su disponibilidad ha sido insuficiente. En este contexto, la eficiencia en las cadenas de suministro desempeña un papel crucial. Estas abarcan aspectos fundamentales como la seguridad alimentaria, la reducción del desperdicio, la garantía de la frescura de los alimentos, la optimización de la producción y la logística, entre otros. La ausencia de información consolidada sobre el funcionamiento de estas cadenas de suministro en Latinoamérica y el Caribe dificultan la toma de decisiones. Con este estudio se busca suplir la necesidad de información, así como generar un soporte bibliográfico que derive en futuras investigaciones. Se determinó como objetivo documentar el estado del arte actual sobre las cadenas de suministro para especies frutales en LAC, por medio de una revisión de alcance realizada en bases de datos reconocidas como Scopus, Elsevier y SciELO. Como resultado del estudio, se observó que la mayoría de los estudios se concentran en Brasil y Colombia. Además, se encontró que las especies de banano y aguacate predominaron en las investigaciones analizadas. Se observó además que la búsqueda de sostenibilidad es una preocupación frecuente, tanto como el estudio de las causas y posibles estrategias de reducción de las pérdidas, también el análisis de los indicadores de gestión y del componente estratégico. Se motivan investigaciones futuras para profundizar en el conocimiento de la operatividad al interior de las cadenas de suministro en LAC.

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo develar el gesto de reescritura como ejercicio de traducción de signos, que se presenta como uno de los territorios de la escritura radicante en las obras El libro de Tamar, de Tamara Kamenszain, y Tratado de arqueología peruana, de Roberto Zariquiey. Para ello, se decidió encauzar la investigación a través de un estudio literario comparado del corpus, lo que se logra con base en la definición que ofrece Nicolás Bourriaud sobre el arte contemporáneo en su libro Radicante (2009). En ambos textos, se identifica una incursión en esa “modernidad traductora” que el propio Bourriaud plantea, ya que los actos de apropiación desarrollados constituyen traducción de voces pretéritas; estas ayudan a despejar los signos de pasajes anteriores que se encuentran contenidos en archivos herméticos, con la finalidad de construir presente a partir de ellos. The purpose of this article is to unveil the gesture of rewriting as an exercise of sign translation, which is presented as one of the territories of radicant writing in the works El libro de Tamar by Tamara Kamenszain and Tratado de arqueología peruana by Roberto Zariquiey. For this purpose, it has been decided to guide the research through a compa-rative literary study of the corpus, which is achieved based on the definition offered by Nicolas Bourriaud on contemporary art in his book The Radicant (2009). In these works we identify an incursion into that “translation-oriented modernity” that Bourriaud him-self proposes, since the acts of appropriation that are developed constitute a translation of past voices, which help to clear the signs of previous passages that are contained in hermetic archives, in order to build the present from them.

Los contaminantes emergentes son sustancias que en los últimos años han venido siendo identificados y cuantificados con mayor frecuencia en distintos tipos de agua; esto, asociado con el impacto ambiental, ecológico y de salud pública que generan. Se caracterizan por estar en bajas concentraciones, lo cual provoca que su detección sea costosa y especializada. Es por ello que en los países desarrollados existen programas de monitoreo y seguimiento, mientras que en países Latinoamericanos recién se empiezan a detectar sin una programación o frecuencia definida. El presente artículo presenta el diseño y la aplicación de una herramienta computacional denominada plugin CE, la cual es un plugin del software QGIS, escrito en código Python; dicha herramienta pretende ser un soporte técnico para la determinación de contaminantes emergentes en sectores industriales mediante una identificación asociada con el tipo de sector empresarial y el procesos productivo que se llevan a cabo, al mismo tiempo tiene la capacidad de enlazarse con el catastro de redes sanitarias e identificar posibles puntos de muestreo. Como resultado del plugin se encuentra una guía paso a paso para su uso y un caso de estudio llevado a cabo en la ciudad de Bogotá.

The main objective of this study was to analyze democracy legitimacy in a non-WEIRD country from a political psychology perspective. More specifically, two dimensions of democracy legitimacy were empirically isolated: diffuse and specific support. We tested a system justification model of democracy legitimacy, while also assessing the role of sociodemographic and context evaluation variables. We applied a questionnaire with closed-ended response choices to a non-probabilistic quota sample of adults from Cordoba, Argentina (n = 450). Besides descriptively analyzing democracy legitimacy, two hierarchical multiple regression analyzes were performed, one for each criterion variable. The results evidenced that diffuse support for democracy remains relatively high, while specific support for Argentine political system is markedly low. Different variables explained each dimension of political legitimacy: those regarding ideological system justification—right-wing authoritarianism, social dominance orientation, and political conservatism—explained an important amount of the variance of diffuse support but had only a marginal role in explaining specific support. The latter was better predicted by context evaluation variables, suggesting that system performance is more relevant than ideology when it comes to specific support. Thus, although democracy legitimacy could be based on a relatively developed civic culture, a poor system performance is not innocuous. The authors discuss how the theoretical explanations developed and framed in Western democracies may be not adequate to comprehend Latin American political culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The proposal rehearses an analysis from the category of parrhesia developed by Foucault in terms of the acts of political denunciation that occurred in conflicts over the government of land in Latin America. It is a bet that, assuming the distances of time and context, attempts a temporal retreat of the notion, focusing on the danger assumed by those who speak frankly in the midst of disputes that confront a governmentality of extractivist type with ways of life whose relationship with the land supports a different truth. In effect, parrhesia elaborates a contract of meaning between the right to speak and participation in a political conjuncture; between discourse and a community that harbors the dangerous exercise of freedom. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Latin American marxism, understood as a category, phenomena and process hasn’t been studied broadly, despite how fruitful the Marxist tradition has been in our region. It is proposed in the next pages a series of theoretical-methodological approaches and coordinates to push out into its analysis, respecting the analytical plurality and heterogeneity that characterizes it, describing its enunciation origins and development and outlining the essential ingredients that separate it from other approaches giving its specificity within Latin American critical social thought. The purpose of the article is to provide the researcher a basic framework to dive into deeper inquiries that concern the different topics circumscribed to the marxisms in Latin America. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Describe the characteristics of the different cardiology medical residencies in Latin America. Method: Cross-sectional study that aims to evaluate the characteristics of cardiology residencies in Spanish-speaking countries of Latin America, through self-administered electronic surveys. Results: Three hundred seven residents of 147 residences were surveyed. Mean age was 31 years and 63% were male. Ninety eight percent carry out their training in the capital city. The average total training time is 4.8 years. Forty four percent complete their residency in internal medicine prior to starting cardiology, and 10% have no prior training. In cardiology training is 3 years in most countries. Fifty four percent present academic activities every day and 16% only once or less, consisting of theoretical classes (93%), clinical cases (85%), bibliographic workshops (69%), and writing scientific papers (68%). Supervision is carried out by the chief resident (45%), resident coordinator (44%), resident instructor (27%) or the department head (54%), while 2.6% do not present supervision. The main rotations were echocardiography (99%), hemodynamics (96%), coronary unit (93%), and electrophysiology (92%). Residents highlighted the need to improve academic activities (23%) and scientific production (12%). Conclusions: There are important differences in the academic and practical training between the residences of the different countries of America. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Latin America is facing a socio-political and economic context of great violence and crisis of care, reproduction of life, bonds and social fabric, with women being one of the most vulnerable groups. Therefore, it is necessary for social psychology, as a discipline permeated by neoliberalism and patriarchy, to turn its gaze and pay more attention, on the one hand, to the complex problems caused by political violence in our region and, on the other, to be critically examined to implement substantial transformations to its own research, academic education and social action or university extension processes. This article addresses some of the disciplinary challenges and responsibilities in a very complex regional context that requires a concrete and situated Latin American experience, and at the same time, a decolonial and intersectional feminist place of enunciation, that represents an area of resistance to continue building a critical, emancipatory and liberating, inclusive, feminist, diverse, intersectional and decolonial social psychology. Furthermore, it is necessary to forge a discipline that acts from epistemic disobedience and that can recognize other epistemological, theoretical, methodological, practical and interpretative frameworks of history and scientific knowledge that are enriched by the methods and practices of feminisms. Therefore, it is necessary to collaborate in making visible the contributions mainly of Costa Rican, Mesoamerican and Latin American women authors that confirm the political and socially transforming character of feminist research processes. However, to achieve this, it is essential to recognize that this is a disciplinary responsibility that concerns all professionals and not only women. Thus, the bibliographical review provides us with insights to continue working on a transforming, intersectional and encouragingly feminist social psychology, sensitive to regional contexts and from a psychosocial and decolonial praxis. Objective: This text seeks to contribute to the understanding and transformation of the disciplinary practice through a praxis that is critical towards a social approach, from feminist decolonial perspectives that are self-critical of the neoliberal patriarchal forms of reproduction of violence in the region and inside the activity of the discipline. Method: This article was developed through an online bibliographic search and review in scientific research portals, in journals such as Reflexiones and WimbLu of the University of Costa Rica (UCR), Revista Costarricense de Psicología, Revista de Pensamiento e Investigación Social, Revista Psicología Política, Revista Psicoperspectivas, Individuo y Sociedad of the Pontifical Catholic University of Valparaíso and Revista Interamericana de Psicología. In addition, books from the repositories of the libraries of the National University (UNA) and the University of Costa Rica (UCR) were reviewed. Likewise, libraries of nongovernmental human rights and feminist organizations in the Mesoamerican region –which have developed interesting theoretical and methodological proposals and models of intervention and accompaniment applied to Latin America– were consulted, such as Aluna Acompañamiento Psicosocial of Mexico and the Community Studies and Psychosocial Action Team (ECAP) of Guatemala. From this review, texts mainly by Latin American authors were identified and selected with emphasis on the period from 2007 to 2022 as a means of covering the trends of the last 15 years in the fields of social psychology and intersectional feminisms, a period in which multiple forms of violence, chiefly against women, have increased and intensified, posing important challenges to the discipline of psychology in facing a very complex regional context that requires a concrete and situated experience at the Latin American level. Thus, this text is proposed as a critical bibliographic research based on theoretical elements of intersectional and decolonial feminisms and their contributions to the work of Latin American social psychology and its current trends. In addition to presenting a critical approach, it is intended as a reflective and self-reflective document; in other words, it is theoretical research, but also situated within a personal professional practice and a concrete experience that requires constant introspection in order to identify elements of the endeavor that could reproduce or are reproducing patriarchal and violent practices. Results: Few theoretical-practical investigations were found on structural violence in the region, and even fewer feminist investigations on the experiences of Latin American women and from the approaches of social psychology. The ones that were discovered were developed only by women, and do not include a critical perspective on patriarchal practices within our professional praxis. Conclusions: We find ourselves in a complex and violent socio-political and economic context in Latin America, which renders the care and reproduction of life, bonds and the social fabric vulnerable, with women being one of the most affected groups. Therefore, it is urgent that social psychology contributes to the transformation of this context, but at the same time, it needs to look internally to transform the multiple ways of reproducing neoliberalism and patriarchy within its disciplinary work. To do so, it requires support from decolonial and intersectional feminisms in order to promote, empower, motivate and recognize the wisdom of the peoples of Abya Yala and of Abya Yala herself, and the scientific and epistemological production of feminist women as a group that is also in resistance. The theoretical and methodological contributions addressed in this paper provide situated perspectives, from ethically and politically clear places of enunciation, epistemologically disobedient and committed to in-discipline. They also provide theoretical and methodological tools that collaborate in the reconstruction of the social fabric on which the dominant socio-political, neoliberal and patriarchal violence is produced and reproduced, but at the same time, where life and bonds, resistances and connections between women are reproduced. These contributions inspire creative, inclusive and critical practices that can strengthen new paths, but mainly provide insights to continue working in a transformative, intersectional and encouragingly feminist social psychology, sensitive to regional contexts and from the praxis of a decolonial psychosocial approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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OBJECTIVE: To describe the epidemiological behavior of dengue and its serotypes in Mexico and Latin America. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A descriptive analysis was conducted using data from the Information Platform for Health of the Americas (PLISA) and national and international epidemiological bulletins from January 2019 to January 2024. Confirmed, severe and non-severe cases, cases with and without warning signs, fatal cases, simultaneous circulation, serotypes, and mortality rates were identified. RESULTS: A total of 13,967,156 dengue cases were registered in Latin America during the study period. Of these, 42% were laboratory-confirmed. There were 7,600,985 non-severe cases, 47,700 severe cases, and 6278 fatal cases. The countries with the highest number of severe cases were Brazil, Honduras, Colombia, and Mexico. The most frequent serotypes were 1 and 2. An increase in the simultaneous circulation of the four serotypes was observed, as well as an increase in serotype 3 in Mexico. CONCLUSIONS: In Latin America, the number of dengue cases increased, but not the severity, mortality or lethality. The simultaneous circulation of multiple serotypes poses a challenge for prevention and control efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The cultural formation of the Latin American continent amplifies, in all degrees and variants, the presence of voices, oral traditions and nature, whether combined with countless written series and genres or not. It is important to unfold the three levels of language in their interactions, constitutive of the cultural processes of Latin America and the Caribbean, which draw from the Ibero-Amerindian and Afro-Arabic crucibles. It is the interweaving of that layers that underpins a multiple Baroque style from the start. The Baroque presence in the continent cannot be understood without the intercultural turn in which oral traditions are nuanced, amidst the superabundance of mestizaje, with their acoustic series. From this conglomerate of marginal variants emerges what we have called a self-moving palimpsest archipelago, where the casual forms of the excessive peripheries do not fit within the linear and causal logical-interpretive schemes of Western tradition and reason, since, among other procedures, they radicalize the figures of metonymic proliferation and oxymoron. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Shadow education is a widely used metaphor for private supplementary tutoring, i.e. instruction in academic subjects on a fee-charging basis outside school hours. The metaphor is used because much tutoring mimics schooling. Thus, as the curriculum changes in the schools, so it changes in the shadows; and as schooling grows, so does the shadow. Initially with particular prominence in East Asia, albeit with deep roots elsewhere, shadow education has expanded worldwide. The phenomenon has been mapped in Africa, Asia, Europe, the Middle East and North America, but has received modest attention in Latin America. This article provides an overview of the phenomenon in the region using available data and stressing the need for further research. It presents global as well as Latin American contextual factors and drivers of demand before turning to data on the scale, nature and suppliers of shadow education. The assembled picture then permits commentary on educational and social impact, and on policy implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Tecnología y Ciencias del Agua is the property of Instituto Mexicano de Tecnologia del Agua (IMTA) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Revista Interamericana de Psicología is the property of Sociedad Interamericana de Psicologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Estudos Feministas is the property of Revista Estudos Feministas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Perífrasis. Revista de Literatura, Teoría y Crítica is the property of Universidad de los Andes and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Resumen La percepción sobre la posición que ocupan los individuos en la estratificación social ha sido uno de los interrogantes clásicos de la sociología. Diversos análisis concuerdan que esta percepción se ve condicionada tanto por la posición social objetiva, así como por características contextuales de las sociedades en las que viven las personas (riqueza, desigualdad, pobreza, etc.). En el presente artículo analizamos el fenómeno en 17 países latinoamericanos a lo largo de los años 2006-2020, empleando un análisis multinivel que nos permite conocer la relación entre factores individuales y agregados. Los resultados señalan que, por un lado, como en otras sociedades, existe una propensión hacia posiciones intermedias de la escala social, manteniéndose una considerable importancia del efecto del estatus social objetivo sobre el estatus subjetivo a nivel individual. Asimismo, a nivel agregado, se aprecia que el grado de bienestar económico y de riqueza que presentan los distintos países actúan como condicionantes contextuales sobre el modo en que las personas se posicionan en la escala social.

El texto que aquí se presenta busca invertir la lógica establecida en las jerarquías del conocimiento y plantea que las propuestas de algunos movimientos sociales (indígenas, afrodescendientes, ambientalistas, campesinos y de mujeres) sobre las cuestiones de tierra y territorio están a la vanguardia del pensamiento sobre estos temas (y de algunos otros, tales como la autonomía alimentaria, por ejemplo, y los modelos alternativos de desarrollo), y que no son rezagos del pasado, ni expresiones románticas que la realidad se encargará de desvirtuar. A partir de aquí, se propone la creación de algo que por lo pronto denomino como espacio para pensar las transiciones; más que un centro o instituto, la noción de espacio (que tiene cierto uso en los campos del arte y el diseño, lo cual le confiere un carácter algo más abierto y experimental) pretende la creación de una plataforma (o quizás una “ontología” como se entiende este concepto en el campo digital, tal como en la llamada web semántica) para la construcción de pensamiento, investigación y praxis para las transiciones hacia el pluriverso. Uno de los objetivos del espacio sería contribuir a la creación de léxicos para las transiciones y propiciar una visión del diseño como praxis crítica para las transiciones (diseño ontológico).

Se presenta un estudio del estado del arte sobre las prácticas pedagógicas en la Educación Física escolar, el cual se realizó mediante la búsqueda y análisis de documentos académicos con enclave geográfico en Latinoamérica. El objetivo principal es interpretar la circulación de las tipologías de prácticas, los temas recurrentes y las metodologías empleadas en cada caso. Para ello, se llevó a cabo un análisis de contenido de 31 documentos, incluyendo artículos de revistas y trabajos presentados en eventos científicos. Los resultados obtenidos permiten identificar una temática de interés para el campo de la Educación Física en los últimos años, en la que se pueden observar cuatro tipologías de prácticas pedagógicas organizadas a partir de dimensiones teóricas que las distinguen y metodologías específicas desarrolladas por la comunidad de investigadores/as.

La teoría de la arquitectura hoy en día se redefine sobre la base de los problemas contemporáneos del mundo. La delimitación de la autonomía disciplinar, las respuestas a los desequilibrios climáticos, la interacción en ejercicios de orden social comunitario, la participación sin discriminación de género, edad o etnia, la acción de grupos colectivos interdisciplinarios y multigeneracionales, la inmersión en entornos digitales, están planteando desafíos en torno a la formulación actual de la teoría arquitectónica. En los escenarios de la discusión intelectual latinoamericana actual, surgen preguntas: ¿cómo se consideran las propuestas y avances de la teoría de la arquitectura en el continente? ¿Es posible establecer pautas o tendencias teóricas características? ¿Quiénes son los teóricos, las escuelas o los grupos identificables? ¿Cuáles son los centros de pensamiento donde se formulan las teorías? La noción de arquitectura, en lo transcurrido del siglo XXI, se ha desplazado desde el ámbito cerrado, canónico, de la autónomía disciplinar, dilatando su campo de acción, sus escalas, sobre ambientes, geografías, territorios, paisajes, comunidades. La hermenéutica, como método de interpretación de signos, ha brindado alternativas que se adecúan a las particularidades, permanencias, cambios, de la arquitectura y de su entorno teórico. La significación de la arquitectura local, para comunidades y territorios, puede ser interpretada desde una hermeneutica localizada. Más que aplicar la hermenéutica general, en la indagación de la teoría de la arquitectura latinoamericana, es posible plantear una manera localizada, focalizada, para agudizar la interpretación del ethos continental destacando particularidades y sensibilidades de ambientes y comunidades locales.

Archivo histórico de Kipus: Revista Andina de Letras y Estudios Culturales, 1998.

Archivo histórico de Kipus: Revista Andina de Letras y Estudios Culturales, 1998.

La discapacidad en los pueblos indígenas es un tema que ha despertado un creciente interés en diversos estudios en Latinoamérica en los últimos años. Sin embargo, la forma de acercarse teóricamente a este campo no es unívoca. Este artículo pretende poner en discusión las distintas formas de aproximarse a la comprensión de la discapacidad en los pueblos indígenas, y así proponer que este vínculo puede darse de distintas maneras, de acuerdo con el posicionamiento epistemológico que sostenga la relación entre las culturas. Se reconoce, además, que estos enfoques tienen consecuencias tanto en la academia como en los territorios. Esta reflexión desarrollará siete formas de aproximación que sugieren un camino no necesariamente lineal, pero sí progresivo hacia la interculturalidad crítica como enfoque investigativo y activista en el campo de la discapacidad en los pueblos indígenas.

Las redes sociales de internet han influido en la política y concretamente en la democracia. Asimismo, pueden cambiar muchos aspectos de manera que contribuyan a una democracia más plena y efectiva. En este estudio comprobamos si la existencia y optimización de las redes sociales de internet influye en la efectividad democrática en los países latinoamericanos. Realizamos un estudio estadístico, cuantitativo e inferencial con datos de 2023, utilizando encuestas representativas, para demostrar que el internet y las redes sociales inciden en la democratización de los países antes mencionados. Partimos de la hipótesis propuesta por Lipset: la prosperidad económica de una nación contribuye a fortalecer la democracia.

La pandemia de la COVID-19 parecía haber dejado claro no sólo para los organismos gubernamentales, sino para la sociedad en su conjunto, la importancia de la ciencia. Nuestra revista publicó varias editoriales explicando y fundamentando la necesidad de la autonomía sanitaria cuyo requisito principal es la existencia de un sistema científico sólido y establecido. Un ejemplo claro fue la disponibilidad de vacunas para COVID-19, las cuales llegaron en tiempos disímiles por país y con retraso con respecto a los países que las desarrollaron; por supuesto, esas vacunas son producto de la ciencia de países que invierten significativamente en el sector. No hubo ningún país en Latinoamérica que pudiera desarrollar una vacuna con mayor antelación, y los países que se beneficiaron primero fueron los países con mayor desarrollo científico. Sin embargo, no fueron solo las vacunas pues también hubo dificultades importantes con reactivos de diagnóstico, respiradores y medicamentos. Sin ninguna ambigüedad, esto demuestra nuestra incapacidad para resolver problemas críticos para la supervivencia de los habitantes de nuestros países.

This contribution analyzes the ways in which science is constructed in Latin America and the Caribbean. Its main objective is to highlight the particularities of this region and how these differences affect scientific development compared to other areas of the world, from the lost and invisible science’s perspective. It is argued that science in Latin America and the Caribbean has developed mainly through collaboration and cooperation between countries, but its scientific journals are at a disadvantage due to globalized science that limits access to local topics. This approach has been driven by the need to overcome the economic and technological limitations present in the region. As a result, own initiatives have been created that highlight the importance of contributions and local knowledge in the construction of science. Having its own and contextualized perspective is essential to address the specific challenges and needs of the region. This is reflected in the diversity of research topics and scientific approaches. The article also mentions some of the challenges and obstacles faced by science in Latin America and the Caribbean, despite which the resilience and creativity of Latin American and Caribbean scientists stands out, who have managed to make significant contributions worldwide.

The First Latin American Communication Congress CIESPAL FELAFACS, held last year, brought together more than 500 participants, including prominent academics. 75 presentations were addressed on various topics related to contemporary communication and its challenges towards 2030. The thematic axes included communication and human rights, contemporary communication practices, epistemology of communication from the south, among others. The Quito Declaration, arising from the congress, presents a work agenda until 2030. This edition delves into these topics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A documentary review was carried out on the production and publication of research papers related to the study of the variable Artificial Intelligence and Radiology. The purpose of the bibliometric analysis proposed in this paper was to know the main characteristics of the volume of publications registered in Scopus database during the period 2017-2022 by Latin American institutions, achieving the identification of 48 publications. The information provided by said platform was organized by means of graphs and figures categorizing the information by Year of Publication, Country of Origin, Area of Knowledge and Type of Publication. Once these characteristics were described, a qualitative analysis was carried out in order to refer to the position of different authors in relation to the proposed topic. Among the main findings, it is found that Brazil, with 32 publications, was the Latin American country with the highest scientific production registered in the name of authors affiliated to institutions of that nation. The Area of Knowledge that made the greatest contribution to the construction of bibliographic material referring to the study was Medicine with 32 published documents, and the most used type of publication during the above-mentioned period was Conference Articles with 48% of the total scientific production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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