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Differentiation of self represents the integration of two life forces: autonomy and connection with others. The aims of this study were to test whether differentiation was associated with emotional connectedness in a sample of Panamanian emerging adults (n = 110) and to explore the psychometric properties of two instruments for use in the Panamanian cultural-context: the Spanish-Differentiation of Self Inventory (SDSI-R) and the Relational Health Indices – Spanish (RHI-S). Emotional cutoff showed a significant association with emotional connectedness while results showed no evidence of a relationship between emotional reactivity and emotional connectedness. Both questionnaires demonstrated reliability and validity. Implications for family therapy are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Daily behaviours such as active commuting to school (ACS) could be a source of physical activity, contributing to the improvement of youth cardiovascular health, however, the relationship between ACS and other aspects of a youth’s health, such as sleep duration and breakfast consumption, require further clarification. The aims of this study were therefore: 1) to analyse the prevalence of modes of commuting to school, sleep duration, and breakfast consumption by age groups and gender, and 2) to analyse the association between ACS, sleep duration recommendations, and breakfast consumption by age groups and gender. Method This cross-sectional study included 732 school-aged students of low-middle socioeconomic status, categorised into children (10-12 yr), young adolescents (13-15 yr), and older adolescents (16-18 yr). Modes of commuting to/from school, sleep duration, and breakfast consumption were self-reported. Logistic regression models were fitted to examine the association between ACS, sleep duration and breakfast consumption, analysed according to age groups and gender. Results The percentage of students meeting sleep duration and daily breakfast recommendations was lowest in older adolescents, and highest in children (6.3% versus 50.8% p

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Ancestry Informative Markers InDels (AIM-InDels) show high allele frequency variation between ancestral populations and are useful to estimate individual and population ancestry. This work determined the African, European and Native American admixture proportions in a population sample of 126 individuals from Tunja, Department of Boyacá, Colombia. This region is located close to the center of the country and has a diverse population. To estimate the African, European and Native American admixture proportions, in the sample there were used as parental populations, the genetic profiles of 319 individuals (Africans: 105, Europeans: 154, and Native Americans: 60). The ancestry analysis of this population revealed a main European contribution (55%) with an important contribution of Native American ancestry (40.8%) and only 4.2% contribution of African descent. The results obtained from this type of studies allow us to have a real approximation of the state of the different Colombian populations, after a history of colonialism and years of war with high levels of displacement of the civilian population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The Latin American (LA) population in Spain is ever increasing in size and is perfectly integrated into the social structure. The objectives were to analyze the attitude of citizens, born in Latin America and living in Spain, toward living kidney donation (LKD) and to determine the psychosocial variables affecting this attitude. Material and Methods: A sample of LA residents living in Spain was obtained randomly in 2010 and stratified according to the respondent's nationality (n = 1314). Attitude was evaluated using a validated questionnaire ("Proyecto Colaborativo Internacional Donante sobre Donación de Vivo Renal" Ríos). The survey was self-administered and completed anonymously. Results: The questionnaire completion rate was 86% (n = 1.132). A total of 89% (n = 1003) were in favor of related living donation, and 30% if the donation were unrelated. The variables associated with attitude toward LKD were as follows: sex (p = 0.043); marital status (p = 0.013); previous experience of organ donation (p = 0.009); attitude toward deceased organ donation (p < 0.001); a respondent's belief that he or she could be a possible recipient of a future transplant (p < 0.001); knowledge of a partner's opinion (p = 0.021); family discussion about organ donation (p = 0.001); knowledge of the view of one's religion toward donation (p < 0.001); concern about "mutilation" after donation (p = 0.004); and evaluation of the risk from living donation (p = 0.036). Conclusions: The attitude of LA citizens residing in Spain was favorable both toward related LKD and unrelated living donation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Policy makers and health practitioners are in need of guidance to respond to the growing geographic mobility of Hispano-American migrants in Europe. Drawing from contributions from epidemiology, social sciences, demography, psychology, psychiatry and economy, this scoping review provides an up-to-date and comprehensive synthesis of studies addressing the health status and determinants of this population. We describe major research gaps and suggest specific avenues of further inquiry. Methods: We identified systematically papers that addressed the concepts "health" and "Hispano Americans" indexed in five data bases from Jan 1990 to May 2014 with no language restrictions. We screened the 4,464 citations retrieved against exclusion criteria and classified 193 selected references in 12 thematic folders with the aid of the reference management software ENDNOTE X6. After reviewing the full text of all papers we extracted relevant data systematically into a table template to facilitate the synthesising process. Results: Most studies focused on a particular disease, leaving unexplored the interlinkages between different health conditions and how these relate to legislative, health services, environmental, occupational, and other health determinants. We elucidated some consistent results but there were many heterogeneous findings and several popular beliefs were not fully supported by empirical evidence. Few studies adopted a trans-national perspective and many consisted of cross-sectional descriptions that considered "Hispano-Americans" as a homogeneous category, limiting our analysis. Our results are also constrained by the availability and varying quality of studies reviewed. Conclusions: Burgeoning research has produced some consistent findings but there are huge gaps in knowledge. To prevent unhelpful generalisations we need a more holistic and nuanced understanding of how mobility, ethnicity, income, gender, legislative status, employment status, working conditions, neighbourhood characteristics and social status intersect with demographic variables and policy contexts to influence the health of the diverse Hispano-American populations present in Europe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Objectives The purpose of this study was to evaluate the oral health status and dental needs of the athletes with intellectual disabilities from Latin-American and Caribbean countries who were participating in the II Latin-American Special Olympics games held in Puerto Rico, February 2010. Methods There were 930 athletes who participated in the games, of whom 445 received a dental examination, including 367 from Latin-American and 78 from Caribbean countries. Forty-four trained and standardized dental professionals performed dental screenings of athletes with intellectual disabilities, following Special Olympic Special Smiles and CDC protocols. These criteria were used to record untreated caries, missing and filled teeth, and gingival status. Socio-demographics, existence, and severity of pain and oral hygiene habits were assessed by questionnaire. Statistical analysis was performed using EPI-INFO and SPSS Statistical Program to produce descriptive statistics and chi-square test. Results Untreated dental caries was recorded for more than half of the examined athletes. Missing teeth were noted in more than one-third of the athletes. More than half of the participants had signs of gingival disease and half needed preventive mouth guards. Statistics for each Latin-American country suggests a dissimilar trend of dental decay and treatment needs among nations. Conclusions While the Special Olympic athletes may not be representative of the entire population of individuals with intellectual disabilities in their specific country, the general consistency of the oral health status of these athletes from the 31 countries supports the certainty of the need for increased dental services for individuals with intellectual disability in the respective countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Through the history of Spanish-speaking Catholic community of Riches Claires, Brussels, Belgium, this article explores the relationship between religion and migration, raising the hypothesis that, thanks to its international presence, Catholicism has become an instrumented and medium for the protection and integration of migrants to the new context, the creation of an identity" Latin American “in exile, gathering and integrating into a new context religious and cultural traditions of different origins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Migrations are phenomena inherent in civilizations, but it is not until recent times that their psychological effects are being investigated. This study has a triple objective: 1) to establish the degree of stress and perceived quality of life experienced by Latin American immigrants who are living in Barcelona, 2) to analyze the relationships between stress and quality of life, and 3) to contrast the degree of stress and perceived quality of life of Colombian immigrants who are living in Barcelona with those of a control group of Colombian non-immigrants. The Perceived Stress Scale (PPS) and the Quality of Life Index (QLI-SP) have been applied to a sample of 113 participants (83 immigrants living in Barcelona and 30 Colombian non-immigrants). Results indicate that the degree of stress is around the average, with women scoring significantly higher than men. Perceived quality of life in Barcelona is medium-high, but 21% of women report having low quality of life, indicating that it is more difficult for women to reach an adequate quality of life after immigration. A close relationship was found between stress and quality of life, especially in the case of men. Immigrants report higher levels of stress and lower quality of life than the control group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research note we present the object of a research study that seeks to study the migrations of Latin-American social scientists to Spain, putting the accent, amongst other things, on the forms these migrations have adopted and on the influence they have, and still do, exert. We will also point out some of the precedents that have suggested this study and some of its expected contributions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Daily behaviours such as active commuting to school (ACS) could be a source of physical activity, contributing to the improvement of youth cardiovascular health, however, the relationship between ACS and other aspects of a youth's health, such as sleep duration and breakfast consumption, require further clarification. The aims of this study were therefore: 1) to analyse the prevalence of modes of commuting to school, sleep duration, and breakfast consumption by age groups and gender, and 2) to analyse the association between ACS, sleep duration recommendations, and breakfast consumption by age groups and gender.Method: This cross-sectional study included 732 school-aged students of low-middle socioeconomic status, categorised into children (10-12 yr), young adolescents (13-15 yr), and older adolescents (16-18 yr). Modes of commuting to/from school, sleep duration, and breakfast consumption were self-reported. Logistic regression models were fitted to examine the association between ACS, sleep duration and breakfast consumption, analysed according to age groups and gender.Results: The percentage of students meeting sleep duration and daily breakfast recommendations was lowest in older adolescents, and highest in children (6.3% versus 50.8% p < 0.001, and 62.1%, versus 76.8%, p = 0.001, respectively). Young adolescents and girls who met the sleep duration recommendations were more likely to be active commuters than their counterparts (OR = 4.25; 95% CI = 1.81 to 9.92, p = 0.001 and OR = 2.89; 95%CI = 1.01 to 8.27, p = 0.04, respectively).Conclusion: Young adolescents (13-15 yr) and girls who met the sleep duration recommendations during school days displayed a positive association with ACS. There was no association between ACS and breakfast consumption for any of the age groups or gender. Children (10-12 yr) were those that best meet with the adequate sleep duration and breakfast consumption recommendations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fat-to-muscle ratio has been proposed as an alternative approach for assessing body fat. The objective of this study was to explore fat-to-muscle ratio thresholds in metabolic syndrome (MetS) diagnosis; it was hypothesised that the fat-to-muscle ratio is a good predictive indicator of MetS in a large population of young Colombian adults. For this purpose, a cross-sectional study was conducted on 1416 subjects (66.6% female), aged from 18.1 to 25.1. As part of the study, measurements of the subjects’ anthropometric indicators, serum lipid indices, blood pressure, and fasting plasma glucose were taken. Body composition was measured through bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). A new variable (ratio of fat mass to muscle mass, in kg) was calculated. Following the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) definition, MetS includes three or more metabolic abnormalities. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and logistic regression determined the discriminatory ability of the fat-to-muscle ratio to predict MetS. According to the IDF, the best fat-to-muscle ratio cut-off point for detecting MetS in men was 0.225 kg, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.83, sensitivity of 80%, and specificity of 70%. For women, the fat-to-muscle ratio cut-off point was 0.495 kg, the AUC was 0.88, and the sensitivity and specificity were 82% and 80%, respectively. In conclusion, our results showed that the fat-to-muscle ratio cut-off points from ROC analyses demonstrate good discriminatory power for detecting MetS in young Colombian adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Afro-descendant population represents 10.6% of the inhabitants of Colombia (42 million) and 82% of the residents of the Department of Chocó (505 thousand) (DANE general census 2005; http://www.dane.gov.co ). The present population status of the Department of Chocó is the reflection of its historical past, initially inhabited by several Native American communities and later by both Europeans and Africans who arrived during the colonization process in the American continent. This work determined the ancestral component of these three ethnic groups in a population sample of 120 Afro-Colombian individuals born in the Department of Chocó. The ancestral components were calculated according to the methodology described in Pereira et al., 2012. The software STRUCTURE v2.3.4 was used to estimate the African, European and Native American admixture proportions in the Afro-Colombian samples. As parental populations, the genetic profiles of 322 individuals (Africans: 105 Europeans: 158, Native Americans: 59) and 42 Native American individuals were used. The MD406 marker was the only one that showed significant deviation in the Hardy-Weinberg test. The ancestry analysis for this population revealed a main African contribution (76%) with a minor contribution of European and Native American ancestries, 17% and 7%, respectively. These findings are correlated with the historical records of this Pacific region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Colombian population, for his history contains an ancestral mix of Europeans, Native Americans and Africans, these mixing ratios can be determined by Ancestry-Informative Markers (AIMs), this markers allow us to observe stratification in genetic association studies. The aim of this study was to determine the mixing ratios in a population sample of 500 individuals the Department of Cauca, Colombia with three different origins (European, Native American and African) using a set of 46 AIMs insertion-deletion (AIM-INDELs). The software STRUCTURE v 2.3.4 was used to determine the ancestral mixture. The average composition of the population of the Department of Cauca was 48% for Native American, 39% for European and 14% for African. It showed that the ancestral composition of the Department of Cauca has a greater contribution of Native Americans and Europeans compared to Africans which could be explained by the European migrations during the conquest of America. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]