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Abstract Background Occipital nerve blocks are essential in diagnosing and treating headache disorders such as migraine, cervicogenic headache, occipital neuralgia, and cluster headache. In this study, we aimed to investigate the potential compression points of the greater occipital nerve (GON), third occipital nerve (TON), and lesser occipital nerve (LON) which are targeted to block in occipital nerve blocks and to develop a method to detect these points easily. Methods To identify potential compression points of the GON, TON, and LON, we dissected 43, 41, and 26 cadavers, respectively. A rigid, transparent tool divided into 1 × 1 cm sections was placed on the external occipital protuberance to measure the determined points. The cadaveric head was viewed from above, vertically, and the coordinates corresponding to each point were noted separately. Results Six, four, and one potential entrapment points were detected for the GON, TON, and LON, respectively. The distances of the point where the GON arose from the lower border of the obliquus capitis inferior muscle and the emerging point of the TON from the C2-C3 vertebrae to the posterior midline were statistically significant in terms of the sides (p = 0.040). Similarly, there was a statistical significance between genders for the distance of the point where the LON arose from the posterior edge of the sternocleidomastoid muscle to the posterior midline (p = 0.002). Conclusions We believe that with the method developed, the GON, TON, and LON compression points can be easily localized and blocked in diagnosing and treating patients experiencing headaches such as migraines, cervicogenic headaches, occipital neuralgia, and cluster headache.

Abstract The lesser occipital nerve (LON) has one of the most variations among occipital nerves. We aimed to investigate morphological and morphometric features of LON. A total of 24 cadavers, 14 males (58%) and 10 females (42%), were dissected bilaterally. LON was classified into 3 types. The number of branches and the perpendicular distances of the point where LON emerged from the posterior border of sternocleidomastoid muscle to vertical and transverse lines passing through external occipital protuberance were determined. The shortest distance between LON and great auricular nerve (GAN), and linear distance of LON to its branching point were measured. The most common variant was Type 1 (30 sides, 62.5%), followed by Type 2 (12 sides, 25%) and Type 3 (6 sides, 12.5%), respectively. In males, Type 1 (22 sides, 78.6%) was the most common, while Type 1 (8 sides, 40%) and Type 2 (8 sides, 40%) were equally common and the most common in females. On 48 sides, 2–9 branches of LON were observed. The perpendicular distance of said point to vertical and transverse lines was meanly 63.69 ± 11.28 mm and 78.83 ± 17.21 mm, respectively. The shortest distance between LON and GAN was meanly 16.62 ± 10.59 mm. The linear distance of LON to its branching point was meanly 31.24 ± 15.95 mm. The findings reported in this paper may help clinicians in estimating the location of the nerve and/or its branches for block or decompression surgery as well as preservation of LON during related procedures.

Yellowfin tuna is one of Indonesia's main export commodities, its meat contains high protein and can be processed into a variety of commercial food products. In the processing of loin, fillet and tuna steak, ± 10% of flaked meat is produced which can be used for processing commercial products. Spaghetti is one of the commercial products that is easily processed with raw materials and additives that are cheap and easy to obtain as well as halal and thoyib. The raw materials used are tuna flakes, spaghetti noodles and seasonings. The research objective was to analyze the chemical composition of tuna flakes and tuna topping spaghetti as well as the added value and level of consumer preference. This research uses laboratory methods, the percentage of additional selling value and consumer preferences. Proximate chemical composition of tuna flakes, namely: water content (74.80 - 75.25%); protein (16.35 - 17.00%); fat (1.43 - 1.50%); minerals (5.38 - 5.45%); carbohydrates (0.65 - 0.80%). Chemical composition of tuna topping spaghetti, namely: water content (62.73 - 69.13%); protein (7.08 - 8.34%); fat (0.42 - 0.76%); minerals/ash (0.93 - 1.16%) and carbohydrates (24.41 - 25.54%). The added value of tuna flakes in the processing of tuna topping spaghetti for two packages of spaghetti noodles (18 portions) is Rp. 147,355 (80.79%). The level of consumer preference (25 panelists) towards the visual value of tuna topping spaghetti is “very like” (76.0%) and “like” (24%); smell values, namely "really like" (72.0%) and "like" (28%); the value of taste, namely "really like" (80.0%) and "like" (20%); Texture values are “really like” (80.0%) and “like” (20%) and taste values are “really like” (76.0%) and “like” (24%).

Kulit ikan nila hitam (Oreochromis niloticus) dapat diekstraksi menjadi kolagen dan turunannya sebagai salah alternatif peningkatan nilai tambah limbah industri perikanan. Ekstraksi kolagen dari sampel kulit ikan nila hitam menggunakan asam asetat (metode asam) dan dipresipitasi dengan larutan garam dapur (NaCl) 0,9 M. Untuk meningkatkan optimasi isolasi kolagen (berdasarkan jumlah rendemen), kulit ikan nila hitam diekstraksi dengan 3 perlakuan konsentrasi asam asetat, masing-masing: 0,25 M; 0,50 M; dan 0,75 M pada selang waktu 16 dan 48 jam. Dari hasil pengujian diketahui bahwa perlakuan interaksi konsentrasi asam asetat dan waktu ekstraksi tidak berpengaruh nyata (p>0,05) terhadap pembentukan rendemen kolagen pada tingkat signifikansi 95%. Perlakuan asam asetat 0,75 M pada selang waktu 16 jam menghasilkan rendemen terbesar (5,96%), dengan suhu denaturasi kolagen mencapai 35,75 oC; serta komposisi asam amino: glisin 5395,82 ppm (52,99%), alanin 2979,15 ppm (22,08%), dan asam glutamat 1684,42 ppm (7,45%). Berdasarkan analisis SDS-PAGE, diketahui bahwa kolagen dari sampel kulit ikan nila hitam mengandung ikatan rantai- dan rantai- sebagai kolagen tipe-I.

ABSTRAK Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui kadar parameter pencemaran serta beban pencemaran limbah cair pabrik pengalengan ikan sardin. Manfaatnya adalah sebagai saran pertimbangan kepada industri untuk mengelola limbah cair secara profesional, menjamin kelestarian dan peruntukkan badan air penerima limbah cair, serta bahan informasi ilmiah kepada pengambil kebijakan (terutama pejabat daerah) dalam pengelolaan kualitas lingkungan hidup secara berkelanjutan. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah neraca masa, dengan parameter pengamatan yaitu: debit limbah cair maksimum (DM) dan debit limbah cair sebenarnya (DA), serta beban pencemaran maksimum (BPM) dan beban pencemaran sebenarnya (BPA) dari parameter pH, TSS, BOD, COD, dan minyak/lemak sesuai Kepmen LH. No. 06 Tahun 2007. Berdasarkan hasil pengukuran, tercatat debit air limbah aktual (Dp) = 10,0 liter/detik, debit air limbah sebenarnya (DA) = 2.880 m 3, serta debit air limbah maksimum (DM) = 720 m 3, (jadi DA > DM). Dari hasil analisis laboratorium, kadar parameter indikator pencemaran limbah cair pabrik ikan kaleng, masing-masing: pH = 6,5; TSS = 250 mg/l; BOD 5 = 95,0 mg/l; COD = 105 mg/l; dan minyak/lemak = 0,5 mg/l. Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan, ternyata beban pencemaran sebenarnya dari masing-masing parameter (BPA-TSS, BOD 5 , dan COD) lebih besar dari beban pencemaran maksimum (BPM), kecuali lemak di mana BPA < BPM. Dengan demikian beban pencemaran limbah cair industri pengalengan untuk parameter TSS, BOD, dan COD telah melewati ambang batas baku mutu air limbah industri perikanan (Kepmen LH No. 06 tahun 2007), dan dapat menimbulkan pencemaran (merubah peruntukan) badan air penerima limbah. ABSTRACT The objective of this research is to investigate pollution parameter level and wastewater pollution charge in Sardine canning plant. The outcomes are to be used as consideration for industries to manage wastewater professionally, as a guarantee for continuity and allocation water canal, and also as scientific information substances for the legislator in managing environmental living sustainably. Analysis methods used in this research is mass balance, which parameters are maximum wastewater debit (MWD), substantive wastewater debit (SWD), maximum pollution load (MPL) and substantive pollution load (SPL), in pH, TSS, BOD, COD and FFA parameters according to Kepmen LH No. 06 , 2007. Based on the measuring result, actual wastewater debit (AWD) = 10 l/s, substantive wastewater debit (SWD) = 2,880 m3, and maximum wastewater debit (MWD) = 720 m3, concluded as SWD>MWD. Based on the laboratory analytical result, wastewater pollution indicator parameters are, respectively, pH=6.5; TSS=250 mg/l; BOD­5=95.0 mg/l; COD=105 mg/l; and oil/fat = 0.5 mg/l. Based on the measuring result, the substantive pollution load, respectively, higher than maximum pollution load (SPL>MPL), except fat parameter, while SPL less than MPL. We can conclude that wastewater pollution load produced by canning industries, exceeded the allowed limit of wastewater quality for fisheries industries (Kepmen LH No. 06 Year 2007), and also resulted pollution (changing the utilization) in the waste-revenue water canal

ABSTRAK Reaksi transesterifikasi pembentukan metil ester (biodiesel) dari limbah minyak tepung ikan sardin menggunakan NaOH sebagai katalis. Tujuan penelitian adalah mempelajari pengaruh konsentrasi katalis NaOH dalam reaksi transesterifikasi terhadap produksi biodiesel, konversi, dan kualitas fisik biodiesel. Variabel yang dianalisis adalah pengaruh konsentrasi katalis NaOH (0,5%, 1,0%, 1,5%, dan 2,0% dari berat total minyak dan metanol) pada tahap reaksi transesterifikasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan penggunaan konsentrasi katalis NaOH (0,5% dan 1,5%), menghasilkan biodiesel (%) yang semakin tinggi. Konversi biodiesel terbesar diperoleh pada konsentrasi NaOH 1,5% (b/b), yaitu 45,34%. Komponen pada pembentukanbiodiesel adalah campuran metil palmitat (20,31%). Berdasarkan data ASTM, biodiesel yang dihasilkan memiliki kualifikasi sebagai bahan bakar diesel. ABSTRACT Process of the transesterification reaction of sardine flour oil waste with NaOH as base catalyst in producing biodiesel was conducted. The research purpose has studied the influence of NaOH concentration in transesterification process and examine its effect on the quality of biodiesel production, conversion, and physialc quality. The variables that analysed was the effect of NaOH concentration as catalyst (0,5%, 1,0%, 1,5%, and 2,0% from amount of oil and methanol) in the transesterification reaction step. The result showed that the increasing NaOH concentration (0,5% until 1,5%), enhanced the biodiesel conversion (%). The highest conversion of biodiesel was achieved by using 1,50% NaOH (w/w) with 45,34% biodiesel conversion. The major component in the biodiesel was methyl palmitate (20,31%). ASTM analysis data also supported that the biodiesel product was in agreement with automotive diesel fuel specification.

ABSTRAK Erosi marin yang terjadi di Kota Ternate telah banyak menimbulkan kerugian terhadap masyarakat, terutama masyarakat yang tinggal di wilayah kepesisiran. Erosi marin juga menyebabkan luas hutan mangrove di beberapa desa yang terletak di pantai menjadi berkurang bahkan hilang. Perubahan garis pantai berupa pengurangan pantai karena erosi pantai yang bervariasi terutama pada hampir sebagian besar di sepanjang pantai bagian Barat dari Kota Ternate, seperti di pantai Gambesi, pantai Sasa, pantai Castela, pantai Rua, pantai Taduma, pantai Togafo, pantai Takome. Erosi marin yang terjadi di Kola Ternate dominan dipengaruhi oleh faktor angin, pasang surut, arus, dan gelombang. Gelombang yang bersifat destruktif umumnya memiliki sifat yang merusak, hal ini dapat terjadi karena sifat gelombang yang destruktif mempunyai ketinggian dan kecepatan rambat yang sangat tinggi. Ini terutama terjadi pada musim Utara. ABSTRACT Marine erosion that occurred in Ternate City has a lot of harm to society, especially people who live in the coastal area. Marine erosion also causes extensive mangrove forests in some villages which are located on the shore is reduced and even disappeared. Shoreline changes was reduced due to marine erosion that vary primarily in most of the shore along the western part of Ternate City, as Gambesi on the shore, shore Sasa, shore Kastela, shore Rua, shore Taduma, shore Togafo, shore Takome. Dominantfactor of marine erosion that occurred in Ternate City is influenced by wind, tide, current, and waves. Destructive waves generally have a destructive nature, this could happen because of the destructive nature of the wave height and velocity has a very high. This was especially true in northern season.

The Manjil-Rudbar earthquake of June 1990 caused widespread damage to buildings in the city of Rasht located60 km from the epicenter. Seismic surveys, including refraction P-wave, S-wave and downhole tests, werecarried out to study subsurface geology and classify materials in the city of Rasht. Rasht is built on Quaternarysediments consisting of old marine (Q1m), deltaic (Q2d), undivided deltaic sediments with gravel (Qdg) andyoung marine (Q2m) deposits. We used the variations of Vp in different materials to separate sedimentaryboundaries. The National Earthquake Hazard Reduction Program (NEHRP) scheme was used for site classification.Average S-wave velocity to a depth of 30 m was used to develop site categories, based on measured Vs valuesin 35 refraction seismic profiles and 4 downhole tests. For each geological unit histograms of S-wave velocitywere calculated. This study reveals that the Vs(30 of most of the city falls into categories D and C of NEHRPsite classification. Average horizontal spectral amplification (AHSA) in Rasht was calculated using Vs(30 . TheAHSA map clearly indicates that the amplification factor east and north of the city are higher than those of southand central parts. The results show that the lateral changes and heterogeneities in Q1m sediments are significantand most damaged buildings in 1990 Manjil earthquake were located in this unit.

The objective of this research was to know the influence of reliming on physical properties of tanned stingray skin. The research used randomized completely block design with three treatments. The treatment consisted of: liming once (PI), liming twice (P2), and liming three times (P3). Quality parameters analyzed were tensile strength (%), elongation at break (kg/cm2), and skin suffocation organoleptically. The data were analyzed by analysis of variance methods and subsequently by Least Significant Differences Test, α. 0,05. The results showed that elongation at break tanned stingray skin of P1, P2, and P3 respectively were 26.5, 30.0, and 32.0%. Result analysis of tensile strength tanned stingray skin of treatment P1, P2, and P3 respectively were 238,04 ; 259,53 : and 270,89 kg/cm2. The result analysis of suffocation tanned stingray skin of treatment P1, P2, and P3 respectively were 1,78 ; 2,13 and 2,45. The P3 treatment effected the tanned stingray skin on the tensile strength, elongation at break and skin suffocation, and meet the requirement of SNI 06-6121-1999, about the quality criterion for stingray skin leather product.

ABSTRAK Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik, beban pencemaran serta distribusi pencemaran limbah cair Industri Kayulapis di perairan Laut Batu Gong Teluk Banguala Ambon. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, rerata nilai parameter limbah industri kayulapis sebagai berikut: suhu = 35,8 oC; TSS : 12,783 mg/l; pH : 5, 6; BOD5 : 610 mg/l; COD : 759,50 mg/l; total phenol : 0,480 mg/l dan Hg : 0,00083 mg/l. Nilai pH, BOD5, COD telah melampui ambang batas Baku Mutu Limbah Cair Industri Kayulapis (Kepmen LH. No. 03, Tahun 1991). Debit limbah cair sebenarnya (Dp) : 88,125 m3/hari, debit limbah cair maksimum (DM) : 11.164,99 m3/bulan, dan debit limbah cair sebenarnya (DA) :2.643,840 m3/bulan (jadi DA < DM). Beban Pencemaran sebenarnya (harian BPA dan bulanan BPAi) parameter TSS, COD, dan phenol limbah cair industri lebih kecil dari Beban Pencemaran maksimum harian dan bulanan (BPM dan BPMi) masing-masing parameter tersebut. BPA dan BPAi parameter BOD5 lebih besar dari beban pencemaran maksimumnya. Rerata temperatur tertinggi perairan laut : 27,4 oC (stasion Il), TSS : 30,830 mg/l (stasion V), pH:8,0 (stasion VI), BOD, : 1070,00 mg/l (stasion II), COD : 1349,00 mg/l (stasion II), total phenol :0,325 (stasion II), Hg:0,00080 mg/l (stasion II), salinitas:33,0 ppm (stasion IV). Parameter BOD, COD, dan phenol telah melampui ambang batas Baku Mutu Air Laut untuk Biota Laut (Budidaya Perikanan) (Kepmen LH. No. 82 Tahun 2001). Rerata nilai Indeks Diversitas Plankton pada lokasi A (stasion II), lokasi B (antara stasion III dan IV), lokasi C (antara stasion V dan VI) masing-masing: 1,40; 1,66 dan 2,03. Lokasi A dan B telah melampaui nilai batas pencemaran sebesar 2 (tercemar berat) (Lee,l978). Rerata Koefisien Nilai Nutrisi (NVC) ikan pada lokasi B dan C yaitu 1,43 dan 1,38 lebih kecil dari nilai normal 1,7 (Lucky, 1977). Jenis ikan teri yang tertangkap sebanyak 4 jenis, dengan jumlah terbanyak adalah Stelaphorus spp. ABSTRACT Research aim to know the characteristic, pollution impact and also plywood industry wastewater pollution distribution in the Batu Gong seawater territorial of Ambon Baguala Bay. Pursuant to research result, average assess of plywood industry wastewater parameter the following: temperature = 35,8oC; TSS = 12.783 mg / l; pH = 5, 6; BOD5 = 610 mg / l; COD = 759.50 mg / l; total of phenol = 0,480 mg /l and Hg = 0,00083 mg / l. Assess the pH, BOD5, COD have overload the permanent boundary quality Of plywood industry liquid waste (Kepmen LH. No. 03, Year 1991). Charge of liquid waste in fact ( Dp) = 88.125 m3/day, charge of maximum liquid waste (DM) = 11,164.99 m3/month, and charge the actual liquid waste ( DA) = 2,643.840 m3/month (so, DA more than DM). Fact pollution load (daily-BPA and monthly-BPAI) of parameter TSS, COD, and total phenol industry wastewater less than daily maximum pollution load and monthly (BPM and BPMI) each the parameter. BPA and BPAI of parameter BOD5 was more than of maximum pollution load. Highest Temperature average of seawater is 27.4oC (stasion II), TSS is 30.830 Mg/l (stasion V), pH is 8.0 (stasion VI), BOD5 is 1070.00 mg/l (stasion II), COD is 1349.00 mg/l (stasion II), total of phenol is 0.325 (stasion II), Hg = 0.00080 mg/l (stasion II), salinitas is 33.0 ppm (stasion IV). Parameter BOD5, COD, and phenol more than the Permanent Boundary Quality of Fishery Aquaculture ( Kepmen LH. No. 82 Year 2001). Average assess the Index of Diversitas Plankton at location A (stasion II), location B (between stasion III and IV), location C (between stasion V and VI) each: 1.40; 1.66 and 2.03. Location A and B was more than pollution limit value (hard pollution) (Lee,1978). Fish Nutrition Value Coeficient average ) at Location B and C are 1.43 and 1.38, less than normaly value 1.7 (Lucky, 1977). Sardiene species that much catching was Stelaphorus spp. of the four species.

ABSTRAK Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengkaji manusia, perilaku, dan tingkat pendidikan masyarakat (variabel bebas) terhadap kelestarian ekosistem terumbu karang (variabel terikat) di Taman Nasional Laut Pulau Gunung Api Banda. Metode penelitian yang dipakai yaitu survei, di mana pengambilan sampel/data menggunakan pendekatan wawancara, kuesioner, transek garis, sensus, serta analisis data dengan metode regresi linier. Berdasarkan hasil kajian, tingkat pendidikan penduduk Desa Kampung Baru (stasion utama I) dan Desa Selamun (stasion utama II) yaitu: 80% tidak berpendidikan, dan memiliki kecenderungan berperilaku negatif masing-masing 68% dan 79%. Kontribusi pengaruh variabel bebas terhadap perilaku negatif penduduk dalam eksploitasi sumber daya terumbu karang masing-masing: tidak berpendidikan (73,5%), penghasilan rendah (64%), pekerjaan petani/nelayan (67,0%), penduduk pendatang (62%), tidak ada pekerjaan sampingan (68%), dan tidak ada pendidikan formal (65%\. Semua variabel bebas berpengaruh terhadap perilaku penduduk pada tingkat signifikansi 95% dengan r : 0,812 dan R2 = 66n/n. Aktivitas manusia yang dominan merusak ekosistem terumbu karang adalah: penggunaan terumbu karang untuk konstruksi rumah (45%), pelindung pantai (27%), penangkapan ikan dengan potasium (15%), hiasan (10%) dan lain-lain (3%). Nilai parameter hidrooseanografi (gelombang, kecepatan arus, kecerahan. suhu, salinitas, oksigen terlarut, dan pH) perairan Taman Nasional Laut masih berada di bawah ambang batas Baku Mutu Air Laut Untuk Biota Laut (Kepmen LH. No. 82 tahun 2001). Jumlah spesies terumbu karang pada 4 stasion sebanyak 20 jenis dari l0 suku. Jenis yang dominan aclalah Poryles lutae, Goniastera rotifomtis, Echinopora lamellosa,. Platigira sp., Goniopora sp., Acropora aspero, A. Echinota, Pachyseris rugoso, Milepord sp., dan Polypilia talpina. Pada stasion utama l. jumlah individu terbanyak berasal dari jenis Ganiastrea retiformis (28 individu) sedangkan yang sedikit (1 individu) dari jenis Polypillia talpina dengan indeks keanekaragaman (H')=0,709. Pada stasion pembanding I, spesies Polypillia talpina terbanyak 51 ekor dan sedikit 2 ekor adalah Galoxea pascilucaris dengan H'= 0,919. Jumlah individu terbanyak ditemui pada Stasion ll yaitu Porytes lutae (38 individu) dan terkecil 1 individu jenis Heliopora sp. dengan H' = 0,721. Stasion pembanding Il, spesies Polypillia talpina terdapat dalam jumlah besar (42 individu) dan sedikit 2 individu dari Mintipora sp. dengan H' = 0,828. Jumlah individu, total jenis, diameter, dan nilai H' pada Stasion Pembanding I dan ll lebih besar dari Stasion utama I dan Il. Ikan karang yang didapatkan pada lokasi sampling yaitu 21 spesies, didominasi spesies: Achanturus sp,, Amphiprion spp., Abudefduf vaigniensis, Caranxs sp., Chaetodon melanotyus, C. trifasciatus dan C. vabundus. ABSTRACT Research aim is studying kinds of activity of human being in coralreff area compose and the attitude, behavioral and society education to continuity coralreff compose in National Park Go Out To Sea The Island of Volcano Banda. Method of research that used are survey, interview, kuesioner, line transek and census, while data analised with the tabulation and linear regresi methods. Pursuant to result analyse the storey level of education of Kampong Baru resident (especial stasion I) and 80% of Selamun residence (especial stasion II) have not education, and own the negative behavior tendency each 68% and 79%. Free variable influence contribution to negative behavior of exploiting of coralreff resource compose each: not education 73,5%; low production 64%, farmer/fisherman 67%, resident incoming 62%, no side job 68%, and non formal education 65%. All free variable have an effect on to resident behavior at level signifikansi 95% with r = 0,812 and R2 = 66%. Damage dominant human being Activity of coralreef ecosystem compose is: permanent use upon which house building 45%, coastal protector 27%, fish arrest by potasium 15%, decoration 10% and others 3%. Value of wave parameter, current speed, brightness, temperature, salinitas, dissolve oxygen, and pH of territorial water of National Park of Sea still under Permanent Boundary Sill Quality of Water Go Out to Sea for The Biota (Kepmen LH. No. 82 year 2001). Amount of coralreef species compose at 4 stasion, that is: 20 species from 10 tribe. Dominant species is Porytes lutae, Goniastrea rotiformis, Echinopora lamellosa, Platigira sp., Goniopora sp., Acropora aspera, A. Echinota, Pachyseris rugoso, Milepora sp., and Polypilia talpina. At stasion of comparator I, species of Polypillia talpina a lot of 51 species and 2 species is Galaxea pascilucaris with H’ index = 0,919. Individual amount a lot of at Stasion II is Porytes lutae (38 species) and one species from Heliopora sp. with H’ index= 0,721. Stasion of Comparator II, species of Polypillia talpina of there are in big amount (42 species) and 2 species from Mintipora sp. with H’ index = 0,828. Individual amount, total of species, diameter, and assess the H' index at Stasion of Comparator I and II of more than one, especial Stasion I and II. Coralreff fish got at sampling location is 21 species, predominated by the species: Achanturus sp., Amphiprion spp., Abudefduf vaigniensis, Caranx sp., Chaetodon melanotus, C. trifasciatus and C. vagabundus.

Pest suppression from combinations of tactics is fundamental to pest management and eradication. Interactions may occur among tactical combinations and affect suppression. The best case is synergistic, where suppression from a combination is greater than the sum of effects from single tactics (AB >> A+B). We explored how mating disruption and insecticide interacted at field scale, additively or synergistically. Use of a pheromone delivery formulation (SPLAT™) as either a mating disruption treatment (i.e. a two-component pheromone alone) or as a lure and kill treatment (i.e. the two-component pheromone plus a permethrin insecticide) was compared for efficacy against the lightbrown apple moth Epiphyas postvittana. Next, four point-source densities of the SPLAT™ formulations were compared for communication disruption. Finally, the mating disruption and lure and kill treatments were applied with a broadcast insecticide. Population assessment used virgin female traps and synthetic pheromone in replicated 9-ha vineyard plots compared with untreated controls and insecticide-treated plots, to investigate interactions. Lure and kill and mating disruption provided equivalent suppression; no additional benefit accrued from including permethrin with the pheromone suggesting lack of contact. The highest point-source density tested (625/ha) was most effective. The insect growth regulator methoxyfenoxide applied by broadcast application lowered pest prevalence by 70% for the first ten weeks compared to pre-trial. Pheromone addition suppressed the pest further by an estimated 92.5%, for overall suppression of 97.7% from the treatment combination of insecticide plus mating disruption. This was close to that expected for an additive model of interactivity between insecticide and mating disruption (AB = A+B) estimated from plots with single tactics as 98% suppression in a combination. The results indicate the need to examine other tactical combinations to achieve the potential cost-efficiencies of synergistic interactions.

ABSTRAK Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk: (l) mengidentifikasi karakteristik limbah hasil aktivitas manusia di pesisir teluk yang berpengaruh potensial terhadap penurunan sifat oseanografi biofisik-kimia perairan Laut Teluk Ambon; (2) mengevaluasi perubahan sifat oseanografi biofisik-kimia perairan dalam kaitannya dengan penyimpangan persyaratan peruntukkan sebagai tempat budi daya perikanan; dan (3) mengevaluasi pengaruh penyimpangan persyaratan peruntukan badan air laut terhadap potensi dan densitas ikan pelagis kecil, serta produksi ikan teri pada musim Timur dan Barat. Sampel penelitian terdiri atas air laut, ikan teri, dan kerang. Teknik pengambilan sampel ialah dengan pengacakan dan tanpa pengacakan. Teknik pengambilan data berupa survei, analisis laboratorium, wawancara, dan kuesioner. Metode analisis data Kurva Normal, Kuadrat Terkecil, Rancangan Acak Lengkap Pola Faktorial dan Berblok dengan Uji-F, Koefisien Nilai Nutrisi (KNN), Produksi Surplus, Hidroakustik, dan Sedimentasi Utermohl. Berdasarkan hasil analisis statistik, umumnya variabel penelitian tidak berpengaruh terhadap perubahan parameter oseanografi biofisik-kimia perairan Teluk Ambon, kecuali bahwa lokasi sampling berpengaruh terhadap nilai kecerahan pada tingkat signifikansi 95%. Kisaran nilai parameter oseanografi biofisik-kimia perairan laut ialah temperatur 23,7 - 28,7"C; TSS 2,005 - 12,436 mg/^; salinitas 24,00 - 35,50 mill; kecerahan 2,5 - 9,0 meter; pH 6,5 - 8,6; oksigen terlarut 2,09 - 6,88 mgA; BODs 10 - 50 mg/l; COD 22,5 - 150,8 mg/l; PO43- 0,22 - 3,29 mg/L, NQ-0.02 -2,94 mg/L; NO3- 21- 15,40 mg/L; Hg 0,001- 0,065 mg/L; KNN 0,27 -0/8 gr/cm; fitoplankton red-tede spesies Alexandrium affrne dengan jumlah 60,0 x 105 sel/liter menimbulkan perubahan warna perairan menj adi merah-kecoklatan. Produksi ikan teri pada musim Timur 191,5 ton (59,5 %) dan musim Barat 130,2 ton (40,5 %). Populasi maksimum telur dan larva ikan teri adalah 4.090 telur/SO mt pada musim Timur dan 396 ekor/50 m2 pada musim Barat di wilayah Ambang Galala-Rumahtiga. Potensi ikan pelagis kecil pada musim Timur 63.968,76 tor/tahun, Peralihan 56.311,55 ton/tahun, dan Barat 60.244,35 ton/tahun atau 3,86Vo dari total potensi ikan pelagis kecil perairan Maluku (1.564,000 ton/tahun). Densitas ikan pelagis kecit pab musim Timur 34,62 kg/m3, Peralihan 29,83 kg/m3, dan Barat 32,33 kg/m3. Tingkat eksploitasi sumber daya ikan pelagis kecil perairan Teluk Ambon yaitu 30 % ("status sedang berkembang"). ABSTRACT The research objectives are: (1) identify the characteristics of waste from human activities that cause reduced biophysical-chemical oceanography characteristics of Ambon Bay Marine; (2) to evaluate the reduced biophysichemical oceanography characteristics of Ambon Bay marine in relation to assigmen requirements for fish aquaticulture; and (3) to evaluate the effect of assignment requirements fulfillment on the abundance and density of small pelagic fish, and teri fish production during Eastern and Western monsoons. Research samples consisted of sea water, teri fish, and mollusca. Sample collection methods were simple random and nonrandom sampling. Data were analyzed by using Norman Curve, Least Square, Factorial and Block completely Randomized Design with F-test, Nutritional Value Coefficient (NVC), surplus production, Hydroacoustic and Utermohl Sedimentation Methods. The results of the statistical analyses show that in general, the variables did not affect the biophysical-chemical oceanographic parameters of the Ambon Bay marine waters. The values range of the biophysical-chemical oceanography parameters of Ambon Bay marine are: temperature 23.7-28oC, TSS 2.005-12.436 mg/l, salinity 24.00-32.66 ppt, clearance 2.5-9.0 meters, pH 6.5-8.6, solved oxygen 2.09-6.88 mg/l, BOD5 10.0-50.0 mg/l, COD 22.5-150.8 mg/l, PO43- 0.22-329 µg/l, NO2- 0.22-2.94 µg/l, NO3- 0.21-15.40 µg/l, Hg in the water body 0.001-0.065 mg/l and mollusca meat 0.115-0.741 mg/l, and hydrocarbons 0.011-2.540 mg/l, NVC 0.27-0.78 gram/cm, red-tide phytoplankton of the alexandrium affine species that have 60.0x106 cells/liter, changes the water body color into the brownish-red. The production of teri fish during the Eastern monsoon was 191.5 tons (59.5%) and the Western monsoon 130.2 tons (40.5%). The abundance of small pelagic fish on the Eastern monsoon was 63,968.76 ton/year, the transition monsoon 56,311.55 tons/year, and the Western monsoon 60,244.35 tons/year, respectively, or 3.85% of small pelagic fish resources total on Moluccas waters (1,564,000 tons/year). The density of small pelagic fish on the Eastern monsoon was 34.62 kg/m3, the transition monsoon 29.83 kg/m3, and the Western monsoon 32.33 kg/m3. The exploitation rate of small pelagic fish resources in the Ambon Bay marine was 30% (still in the developing status).

Abstract Background Cholestatic jaundice as a presenting symptom of Precursor T-lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL)/lymphoma (T-LBL) has never been reported in literature. Similarly, precursor T-ALL/T-LBL is characteristically negative for synaptophysin. We report the first case of a patient with precursor T-ALL/T-LBL who presented with cholestatic jaundice and aberrant tumor expression of synaptophysin. Case report 42 year old male presented with anorexia, nausea, jaundice, pale stools, dark urine and about 35 pound weight loss over the previous 3 weeks. The initial laboratory work was suggestive of cholestatic jaundice. Markedly elevated LDH (2025 U/L) and CA 19-9 (1778 u/ML) were also noticed. The CT scan of abdomen showed massive hepatomegaly with coarse echotexture with contracted gall bladder and normal sized common bile duct. Chest x-ray revealed a mediastinal mass with mediastinal widening. CT scan of the chest showed anterior mediastinal mass (16 cm × 10 cm). CT guided biopsy of the mass showed malignant lymphoma with diffuse proliferation of medium sized lymphoid cells. The neoplastic cells were positive for CD1a, CD3, CD4, CD5, CD8 and CD43 with aberrant expression of synaptophysin. PET CT scan again showed a large anterior mediastinal mass with diffuse liver involvement and abnormal activity in axial bones. CT guided liver biopsy and bone marrow biopsy revealed the same morphology and immunohistochemistry. Bone marrow aspirate showed 85% lymphoblasts. Thus, the diagnosis of precursor T-ALL/T-LBL was made and jaundice with elevated CA 19-9 were attributed to intrahepatic cholestasis. Conclusion Our case illustrates an unusual presentation of hematological malignancies as cholestatic jaundice. It also indicates the non-specific nature of CA 19-9 for pancreaticobiliary malignancies. It is the first case report of neoplastic precursor T cell lymphoblasts with unusual expression of synaptophysin. Tissue biopsy with thorough immunohistochemistry is required to differentiate precursor T-ALL/T-LBL from thymoma and small cell carcinoma.

We present the first published account of a pseudoaneurysm of the Marginal artery of Drummond (MAoD) following an emergency open surgical repair of an inflammatory abdominal aortic aneurysm, in which the inferior mesenteric artery was ligated. This was hypothesized to be an iatrogenic injury secondary to retraction of the colonic mesentery during dissection of the aneurysm neck. The risk of pseudoaneurysm growth and rupture versus bowel ischaemia were evaluated in the post-operative phase. Ultimately, the patient underwent successful interventional embolization of the MAoD with no signs of bowel ischaemia post-intervention., Competing Interests: None declared., (Published by Oxford University Press and JSCR Publishing Ltd. © The Author(s) 2024.)

Aim: This study aimed to investigate the influence of green transformational leadership educational intervention on nurse managers' green behavior and creativity., Background: Organizational creativity is greatly influenced by leaders and their personality attributes. Additionally, innovative employee behavior is crucial for organizational performance and survival, which in turn promotes long-term organizational growth., Method: A quasi-experimental design was conducted by using pre-test, post-test, and follow-up for a group that included 116 nurse managers who completed the intervention. Data were collected through the green transformational leadership knowledge questionnaire, green transformational leadership scale, green behavior questionnaire, and green creativity scale., Results: Following the implementation of the Green Transformational Leadership educational intervention, there was an improvement in responses connected to the nurse manager's use of green behavior and creativity. Three months after the intervention ended, the improvement was still present., Conclusion: Nurse managers who had good knowledge about green transformational leadership showed increased green behavior and green creativity, which enhanced the organization's success. This study showed the significance of developing and improving the skills of managerial creativity for the nurse supervisor of a hospital through training in transformational leadership., Implications for Nursing Management: The concept of "green transformational leadership" refers to leadership behaviors and strategies aimed at promoting environmental sustainability and responsibility within an organization or a specific context. In the case we mentioned, it involves implementing educational interventions targeted at nurse managers to enhance their understanding and adoption of green practices, as well as fostering green behavior and creativity among them., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Oecophylla smaragdina F. , the Asian weaver ant, is one of the oil palm plantation's ( Elaeis guineensis ) potential predators, for the invasive bagworm species Metisa plana Walker, but this ant is a nuisance species that irritates plantation workers with their sharp bites. Here we assess the foraging activities (FA) of O. smaragdina's major workers, identify its inactive times and the existence of supervision, a novelty for social insects. Between 2018 and 2022, the pattern of trunk foraging activity was used as a mitigation measure. The relationship between trunk FA and air temperature (AT), relative humidity (RH), air pressure (AP), and rainfall interception (RI) was also investigated. Our results showed that, O. smaragdina is a strictly diurnal ant species, has little to no crepuscular activity, and stopped foraging during darkness. Moreover, veteran bigger workers systematically acted as supervisors by monitoring trails, intercepting, and bringing back to nests smaller individuals during heat peaks. In relation to population size relative abundance, all colonies displayed greater intensity during the warmest daily periods with higher mean forager density among the bigger colony, regardless of the dry-rainy intervals corresponded to minimal activity from late scotophase to early photophase and showed a bimodal pattern. Thus, forager activity peaked between 1100-1530 h and 1745-1845 h, and an average two-fold daily sudden decrease in intensity between 1620 and 1650 h as a partial cut-off period (first report). Furthermore, foraging activity, AT, AP showed a significant positive correlation while RH was negative. Finally, we found that from the base palm trunks, defensive territorial layers extended to 5 m on average with different spatial configurations indicating greater foraging density within the first 2 m. Our study shows O. smaragdina daily low activity periods, before 1000 h, being the most suitable to avoid forager attacks to facilitate pruning and harvesting tasks., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2024 Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

Using green tomato extract, a green approach was used to synthesize manganese oxide nanoparticles (MnO 2 NPs). The synthesis of MnO 2 NPs was (20.93-36.85 nm) confirmed by energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and UV-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis) analyses. One hundred fifty-day-old Arbor Acres broiler chicks were randomly divided into five groups. The control group received a diet containing 60 mg Mn/kg (100% NRC broiler recommendation). The other four groups received different levels of Mn from both bulk MnO 2 and green synthesized MnO 2 NPs, ranging from 66 to 72 mg/kg (110% and 120% of the standard level). Each group comprised 30 birds, in three replicates of 10 birds each. Generally, the study's results indicate that incorporating MnO 2 NPs as a feed additive had no negative effects on broiler chick growth, antioxidant status, and overall physiological responses. The addition of MnO 2 NPs, whether at 66 or 72 mg/kg, led to enhanced superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in both serum and liver tissues of the broiler chicks. Notably, the 72 mg MnO 2 NPs group displayed significantly higher SOD activity compared to the other groups. The study was further justified through docking. High throughput targeted docking was performed for proteins GHS, GST, and SOD with MnO 2 . SOD showed an effective binding affinity of -2.3 kcal/mol. This research sheds light on the potential of MnO 2 NPs as a safe and effective feed additive for broiler chicks. Further studies are required to explore the underlying mechanisms and long-term effects of incorporating MnO 2 NPs into broiler feed, to optimize broiler production and promote its welfare., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing financial interest., (© 2024 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society.)

Obesity is the leading cause of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by provoking hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Low activity of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is linked to obesity, liver injury, and NAFLD. This study involves examining if the anti-steatosis effect of Xanthohumol (XH) in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed rats involves the regulation of AMPK. Adult male rats were divided into five groups ( n = 8 each) as control (3.85 kcal/g); XH (control diet + 20 mg/kg), HFD (4.73 kcl/g), HFD + XH (20 mg/kg), and HFD + XH (30 mg/kg) + compound c (cc) (0.2 mg/kg). All treatments were conducted for 12 weeks. Treatment with XH attenuated the gain in body weight, fat pads, fasting glucose, and insulin in HFD rats. It also lowered serum leptin and free fatty acids (FFAs) and improved glucose and insulin tolerances in these rats. It also attenuated the increase in serum livers of liver marker enzymes and reduced serum and hepatic levels of triglycerides (TGs), cholesterol (CHOL), FFAs, as well as serum levels of low-density lipoproteins cholesterol (LDL-c) oxidized LDL-c. XH also reduced hepatic levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), nuclear accumulation of NF-κB, and the levels of tumor necrosis-factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) while stimulating the nuclear levels of Nrf2 and total levels of glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) in these HFD-fed rats. At the molecular levels, XH increased hepatic mRNA expression and phosphorylation of AMPK (Thr 72 ) and reduced the expression of lipogenic genes SREBP1c and ACC-1. In concomitance, XH reduced hepatic liver droplet accumulation, reduced the number of apoptotic nuclei, and improved the structures of nuclei, mitochondria, and rough endoplasmic reticulum. Co-treatment with CC, an AMPK inhibitor, completely abolished all these effects of XH. In conclusion, XH attenuates obesity and HFD-mediated hepatic steatosis by activating hepatic AMPK.

This study revealed the design and preparation of new 3-(benzo[ d ]thiazol-2-yl)-2 H -chromen-2-one derivatives 9a-h . The structures of the synthesized products were elucidated by their spectroscopic data and X-ray crystallography for compounds 9a and 9d . The prepared new compounds were measured for their fluorescence, and a good result indicated that the emission efficiency was decreased by increasing the electron-withdrawing groups from the unsubstituted compound 9a to the highly substituted derivative 9h (2 Br heavy atoms). On the other hand, the B3LYP/6-311G** theoretical level of theory was used to optimize the quantum mechanical calculations of the geometrical characteristics and energy of the novel compounds 9a-h under study. The electronic transition was investigated using the TD-DFT/PCM B3LYP approach, which uses time-dependent density functional calculations. Moreover, the compounds exhibited nonlinear optical properties (NLO) and a small HOMO-LUMO energy gap, which makes them easy to polarize. Furthermore, the acquired infrared spectra were compared with the expected harmonic vibrations of the substances 9a-h . On the other hand, binding energy analyses of compounds 9a-h with human corona virus nucleocapsid protein Nl63 (PDB ID: 5epw) were predicted using molecular docking and virtual screening tools. The results showed a promising binding and how these potent compounds were inhibiting the COVID-19 virus. Compound 9h was the most active anti-COVID-19 agent among all the synthesized benzothiazolyl-coumarin derivatives, as it forms five bonds. The presence of the two bromine atoms in its structure was responsible for the potent activity., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing financial interest., (© 2023 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society.)

Controlling photophysical properties is critical for the continued development of electroluminescent devices and luminescent materials. The preparation and study of novel molecules suitable as luminescent for the development of optoelectrical devices have recently received a lot of attention. Even though the as-triazine unit is a good building block for organic active substances, it is rarely used in this context. We created here novel bis-triazine derivative dyes in the far UV-Vis range by alkylation of triazine-thione derivatives with appropriate dibromo compounds. At the B3LYP/6-311**G(d,p) basis set, their optimal molecular structures were obtained. DFT technique confirmed that the new triazine derivatives are in noncoplanar with one of the two phenyl rings and the triazine plane rotating out by 102.09. Also, depending on the energy gap difference between HOMO and LUMO, some important parameters including chemical potential (π), electronegativity (χ), and chemical hardness (η) were calculated. The compounds may be readily polarized and have significant NLO characteristics, as seen by the tiny HOMO-LUMO energy gap. The calculated values for the polarizability (α) of the two new triazine derivatives have the range 6.09-10.75 × 10 -24 (esu). The emission peaks seemed to move to the long-wavelength (redshift), with a rise in the fluorescence band, suggesting that the singlet excited state is more polar than the ground state. The influence of solvent polarity and the intermolecular charge transfer (ICT) processes are reflected in the photophysical properties of new fused triazine derivatives. These properties such as extinction coefficient, absorption and emission cross-sections, fluorescence quantum yield, fluorescence lifetime, oscillator strength, the dipole moment, radiative decay rate constant, the energy yield of fluorescence, and the attenuation length were assessed and discussed., (© 2022. The Author(s).)

This manuscript proposes a hybrid method for landing trajectory generation of unmanned lunar mission. The proposed hybrid control scheme is the joint execution of the human urbanization algorithm (HUA) and political optimizer (PO) with radial basis functional neural network (RBFNN); hence it is named as HUA-PORFNN method. The HUA is a metaheuristic method, and it is used to solve several optimization issues and several nature-inspired methods to enhance the convergence speed with quality. On the other hand, multiple-phased political processes inspire the PO. The work aims to guide the lander with minimal fuel consumption from the initial to the final stage, thus minimizing the lunar soft landing issues based on the given cost of operation. Here, the HUAPO method is implemented to overcome thrust discontinuities, checkpoint constraints are suggested for connecting multi-landing phases, angular attitude rate is modeled to obtain radical change rid, and safeguards are enforced to deflect collision along with obstacles. Moreover, first, the issues have been resolved according to the proposed HUAPO method. Here, energy trajectories with 3 terminal processes are deemed. Additionally, the proposed HUAPO method is executed on MATLAB/Simulink site, and the performance of the proposed method is compared with other methods., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Shaikh Abdul Latif et al.)

During the past two decades, many remote sensing image fusion techniques have been designed to improve the spatial resolution of the low-spatial-resolution multispectral bands. The main objective is fuse the low-resolution multispectral (MS) image and the high-spatial-resolution panchromatic (PAN) image to obtain a fused image having high spatial and spectral information. Recently, many artificial intelligence-based deep learning models have been designed to fuse the remote sensing images. But these models do not consider the inherent image distribution difference between MS and PAN images. Therefore, the obtained fused images may suffer from gradient and color distortion problems. To overcome these problems, in this paper, an efficient artificial intelligence-based deep transfer learning model is proposed. Inception-ResNet-v2 model is improved by using a color-aware perceptual loss (CPL). The obtained fused images are further improved by using gradient channel prior as a postprocessing step. Gradient channel prior is used to preserve the color and gradient information. Extensive experiments are carried out by considering the benchmark datasets. Performance analysis shows that the proposed model can efficiently preserve color and gradient information in the fused remote sensing images than the existing models., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2021 Ahmed I. Iskanderani et al.)

Copper-67 (T 1/2  = 61.83 h, E β- mean =141 keV, I β- total =100%; E γ  = 184.577 keV, I γ  = 48.7%) is a promising radionuclide for theranostic applications especially in radio immunotherapy. However, one of the main drawbacks for its application is related to its limited availability. Various nuclear reaction routes investigated in the last years can result in 67 Cu production, although the use of proton beams is the method of choice taken into account in this work. The goal of this work is a revision of the cross-sections aimed at 67 Cu yield, which were evaluated for the 68 Zn(p,2p) 67 Cu reaction route up to 80 MeV proton energy. A well-defined statistical procedure, i.e., the Simultaneous Evaluation on KALMAN (SOK), combined with the least-squares concept, was used to obtain the evaluated data together with the covariance matrix. The obtained evaluated data were also compared to predictions provided by the nuclear reaction model codes TALYS and EMPIRE, and a partial agreement among them has been found. These data may be useful for both existing and potential applications in nuclear medicine, to achieve an improvement and validation of the various nuclear reaction models, and may also find applications in other fields (e.g., activation analysis and thin layer activation)., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

The world has been facing the COVID-19 pandemic since December 2019. Timely and efficient diagnosis of COVID-19 suspected patients plays a significant role in medical treatment. The deep transfer learning-based automated COVID-19 diagnosis on chest X-ray is required to counter the COVID-19 outbreak. This work proposes a real-time Internet of Things (IoT) framework for early diagnosis of suspected COVID-19 patients by using ensemble deep transfer learning. The proposed framework offers real-time communication and diagnosis of COVID-19 suspected cases. The proposed IoT framework ensembles four deep learning models such as InceptionResNetV2, ResNet152V2, VGG16, and DenseNet201. The medical sensors are utilized to obtain the chest X-ray modalities and diagnose the infection by using the deep ensemble model stored on the cloud server. The proposed deep ensemble model is compared with six well-known transfer learning models over the chest X-ray dataset. Comparative analysis revealed that the proposed model can help radiologists to efficiently and timely diagnose the COVID-19 suspected patients., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2021 Ahmed I. Iskanderani et al.)

This study reports the mass fractions of Al, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Zn, As, Ni, Cu, Cd, Hg, and Pb in water and sediments of the Halda river, Bangladesh, and studies the distribution, contamination, and potential ecological risks of the metals and metalloid. The average mass fractions of As, Cd, and Pb are relatively higher in sediments compared to those in background values, whereas Al, Fe, Mn, and Pb concentration fractions in water are higher than the international guideline values. The results of the different contamination indices indicate that Halda river sediments are minorly contaminated by As and Pb and moderately to considerably contaminated by Cd. The ecological risk assessments indicate considerable to high ecological risk due to Cd. Multivariate statistical analysis reveals the origin of the contaminants in the river, and indicate that Cr, Zn, Pb, and Cd are from anthropogenic activities while the other metals originate from natural lithogenic actions., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Objectives: To determine the knowledge of primary healthcare (PHC) physicians and factors influencing implementation of the catch-up vaccination program in PHC clinics in Dammam, Saudi Arabia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 136 general and family physicians between October 2018 and August 2019 in PHC clinics. A self-administered questionnaire related to knowledge, practices, and factors affecting their practices regarding vaccination was given to participants. Their responses were assessed for level of knowledge, practices regarding the vaccination program, and factors affecting their practices, and then compared between family and general physicians. Results: The majority of physicians (60%) surveyed had good knowledge of the catch-up vaccination program and no significant difference was observed between family and general physicians. Most physicians (60%) demonstrated correct knowledge of vaccination schedules and gaps between vaccines; no significant differences were observed between family and general physicians, except for the next scheduled child visit after 3 months, for the 18-month vaccination. A statistically significant difference was observed between family and general physicians related to attending educational lectures and seeing children younger than 5 years. General physicians were more involved in the vaccination program. Conclusion: The overall knowledge and practices of the catch-up vaccination program was satisfactory among PHC physicians. However, a lack of family physicians' involvement in the vaccination program was observed that needs to be addressed in their training program.

A wireless sensor network (WSN) deploys hundreds or thousands of nodes that may introduce large-scale data over time. Dealing with such an amount of collected data is a real challenge for energy-constraint sensor nodes. Therefore, numerous research works have been carried out to design efficient data clustering techniques in WSNs to eliminate the amount of redundant data before transmitting them to the sink while preserving their fundamental properties. This paper develops a new error-aware data clustering (EDC) technique at the cluster-heads (CHs) for in-network data reduction. The proposed EDC consists of three adaptive modules that allow users to choose the module that suits their requirements and the quality of the data. The histogram-based data clustering (HDC) module groups temporal correlated data into clusters and eliminates correlated data from each cluster. Recursive outlier detection and smoothing (RODS) with HDC module provides error-aware data clustering, which detects random outliers using temporal correlation of data to maintain data reduction errors within a predefined threshold. Verification of RODS (V-RODS) with HDC module detects not only random outliers but also frequent outliers simultaneously based on both the temporal and spatial correlations of the data. The simulation results show that the proposed EDC is computationally cheap, able to reduce a significant amount of redundant data with minimum error, and provides efficient error-aware data clustering solutions for remote monitoring environmental applications.

The current study examined the influence of Citrus limon (dry lemon) on the hemato-biochemical profiles, and antioxidant indices of growing rabbits. Forty-eight growing New Zealand White rabbits (age, eight weeks; weight, 1543.33 ± 25 g) were allocated into three groups (16 animals each), the first group was (control) fed a basal diet, whereas the second and third groups were supplemented with dried lemon, 1% or 2% DLP, respectively. A GC-MS analysis of more than 27 active constituents was performed. Feed conversion efficiency was ( p < 0.05) better with diets containing 1% or 2% dry lemon, compared to the control group. Hematological indexes were increased significantly with the addition of DLP compared to those in the control group. Adding 1% or 2% dry lemon to rabbit diet increased ( p < 0.05) enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant activities (TAC, SOD, GSH, GST, and CAT) in serum and liver tissues. Taken together, these data reveal the advantages and antioxidant effects of dry lemon supplementation for growing rabbits once supplemented at a maximum of 2% in their daily diet.

Coronary artery fistulas are rare anomalies, their incidence range from 0.1 to 0.2% of congenital heart defects. The left circumflex coronary artery (LCX) fistula draining into the coronary sinus (CS) is a less common form, and most cases described in the literature were adult cases. We are describing this type of fistula in an 8-month-old asymptomatic female presenting with a continuous murmur over the pericordium. Electrocardiogram was normal. Echocardiography revealed a dilated LCX and CS with turbulent flow in CS; 2-D speckle tracking echocardiography revealed normal left ventricular strain with no regional wall abnormalities. Multidetector computed tomography demonstrated the fistula. As the patient was asymptomatic, with no ventricular dilatation or dysfunction, we decided conservatively. < Learning objective: Coronary artery fistulas are rare anomalies that require complementary diagnostic modalities. 2D echocardiography, color flow Doppler, 2D speckle tracking, and multidetector computed tomography are needed to delineate the anomaly and to conclude the prognosis and long-term follow-up plans.>.

Objectives: To investigate perceptions and expectations of patients regarding hospital outpatient services by using a service quality gap model and factors influencing such gaps., Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive study conducted between October and November 2014 in the outpatient waiting areas of a hospital in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia, a sample of 306 patients was selected by convenience sampling technique. The data was collected through an Arabic version of the service quality (SERVQUAL) questionnaire consisting of 2 parts: patients' demographic characteristics, and 22 items scales of patients' expectations and perceptions of SERVQUAL. The data was analyzed by confirmatory factor analysis, independent, and paired t samples tests and one way analysis of variance test, Results: The results showed that the proposed model for service quality dimensions had a good fit by satisfying the recommended values. The patients' expectations exceeded perceptions in all service quality dimensions indicating statistically significant service quality gaps (t=26.3, p less than 0.000). Findings revealed that the empathy dimension contributed most patients' expectations (4.7 ± 0.5) and perceptions (3.7 ± 0.8) scores, and responsiveness contributed least to expectations (4.5 ± 0.6) and perceptions (3.2 ± 0.8) scores. Prompt services showed highest service quality gap, while observation of privacy showed the smallest service quality gap in the statements. The study showed a significant association between gender, age, education, multiple visits, and service quality dimensions., Conclusion: The proposed model is valid and reliable and significant service quality gaps of all 5 dimensions need to be prioritized and addressed by focused improvement efforts of hospital management.

Aim: This study aims to explore the clinical, microbiological, and biochemical impact of azithromycin (AZM) buccal patch in chronic generalized patients as a monotherapy as well as an adjunct to nonsurgical therapy., Materials and Methods: A parallel design was used forty periodontitis patients were randomly allocated into five groups, namely Group 1 scaling root planing (SRP) alone, Group 2 (SRP + AZM patch group), Group 3 (SRP + AZM tablet group), Group 4 (AZM patch monotherapy), and Group 5 (AZM tablet as monotherapy). Plaque index, gingival bleeding index, modified gingival index, probing pocket depth (PPD), and clinical attachment level (CAL) were assessed at baseline and 21 and 90 days. Subgingival pooled plaque sample was collected to assess periodontopathogens like Porphyromonas gingivalis and Prevotella intermedia (Pi) by anaerobic culture method. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) was also evaluated at baseline and 21 days. Periodontal maintenance was performed in Group 1 until 90(th) day, and clinical parameter was assessed at the end of 90(th) day., Results: SRP + AZM tablets showed greater reduction in clinical parameters (P < 0.05) AZM as monotherapy did not offer clinical benefits over SRP. Baseline data were compared at the end, i.e., 90(th) day a significant reduction in plaque scores, gingival bleeding, and PPD was observed however no significant gain in the clinical attachment was observed., Conclusion: The monotherapy resulted in no improvement of periodontal parameters, microbial parameters, and TNF-α level. It is safe to use AZM + SRP as a mode of nonsurgical treatment in periodontitis patients.