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In the literature, several methods have focused mostly on determining the lateral deflection of columns with pinned end conditions. This paper presents a powerful method that allows the calculation of lateral deflection for columns of different end conditions, with particular attention to reinforced concrete (RC) columns. By utilizing the moment–curvature relations, a numerical procedure to compute slopes and deflections of pin‐ended columns is proposed, in which the slopes and deflections are corrected via an efficient and fast technique. Accordingly, slopes and deflections of columns with different end conditions are determined via procedures that rely on a simple searching technique. The second‐order analysis is individually included in the calculations; therefore, the complexity arising from the direct impact of the axial load on the lateral deflection is averted. Therefore, the method has the potential for inclusion in many numerical models for different structural members. The equations derived via the developed method have identical responses to the expressions obtained via the exact methods. A series of numerical examples are presented to illustrate the applicability of the proposed method to RC columns with different loadings and end conditions. Finally, the proposed method is evaluated, and its accuracy is demonstrated via parametric verification. As the axial load increased, the lateral displacement increased somewhat. The greater the eccentricity is, the greater the lateral displacement. As the eccentricity increased, the failure mode of the RC column changed from compression failure to bending failure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During curling sports, the movement of the stone is affected by the quality of the ice. Therefore, the delivery team led by the ice maker hopes that the quality of the ice surface will be stable and that the athletes will always 'read the ice' and pay attention to the small changes in the ice surface. This phenomenon is the charm of curling. Many friction models have been proposed to describe the regularity of the curling motion. In the curling competitions of the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic Games, the 2021 World Wheelchair Curling Championships, and the warm-up competition before, the research team installed a video image capture system in the arena to capture and record the data of the curling motion by using the depth neural network and object tracking algorithm. Further motion data research verifies the relationship between the friction coefficient and the speed. The quality control parameter of ice rink α is proposed, which is related to the influencing factors of the ice surface temperature, the ice hardness, the size of the pebble point, and the width of the curling friction band. The quality of the curling ice rink can be evaluated accurately and comprehensively by using parameter α. Based on the relationship between the friction coefficient and the speed, a physical model of horizontal sliding of the curling stone is established, which agrees well with the results of data obtained from video acquisition. Therefore, the movement distance along the rink can be accurately predicted. This paper analyzes the relationship between the long-time (the time it takes for the curling stone to travel between the two hog lines) and the stop position and that between the long-time and the split-time (the time it takes for the curling stone to travel from the back line to the hog line). Based on this result, a ruler can be established to assist athletes in estimating the sliding distance of the stone before curling throwing. This research also studies the relationship between three factors (the sliding speed in the x-direction, the angular speed, and a tiny lateral deflection speed in the y-direction) and the deviation of the stone. At the same time, there are also some interesting phenomena of the lateral deflection of the stone, such as the relationship between the lateral deflection angle tanθ and the initial lateral speed. As a result, the prediction of the curling stone's exact final location can be realized. In summary, this article proposes an indicator for evaluating the quality of ice rinks and a physical model of curling based on the curling friction model, which is validated by data obtained from a video capture system of the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics. The results described above have been applied in the post-match operation of the National Aquatics Center to guide the production of Olympic-grade ice surfaces and to guide athletes to "read ice" accurately during training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The In this paper, we study the forced flexural vibrations caused by time-harmonic concentrated loads on a transversely isotropic thin rectangular plate (TRP) with a memory-dependent derivative (MDD).This study not only considered the size effect but also studied the memory, mechanical, and thermal field effects. If only one of them is studied, one-sided conclusions may result. we develop a closed-form mathematical model for the thin plate based on the Green–Naghdi (GN) III theory and non-local generalized Kirchhoff's love plate theory of thermoelasticity using MDD. With the double finite Fourier transform technique, expressions for lateral deflection, thermoelastic damping, temperature distribution, frequency shift, and thermal moment, have been found in the transformed domain for simply supported (SS) TRP. We have demonstrated the effectiveness of the MDD kernel function on the resultant quantities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When subjected to a constant applied load and elevated temperature, structural steel columns may buckle after a certain duration due to increasing creep-induced deformation, and such mode of failure is referred to as creep buckling. This paper presents an analytical method to simulate the creep buckling behaviour of steel columns at elevated temperatures by incorporating the Fields-and-Fields creep model and a nonlinear constitutive model of steel at elevated temperatures. Fire and creep buckling tests on Q690 high-strength steel columns are selected to validate the proposed method, and a good agreement between the experimental and analytical results is achieved. This demonstrates that the proposed method can provide an accurate assessment of the lateral deflection of steel columns at elevated temperatures accounting for the creep effect. Time- and strain-hardening formulations are separately incorporated into the analysis. The obtained results indicate that the strain-hardening formulation is more suitable for cases with stress variations. The study also unveils the failure mechanism of creep buckling, which indicates that the creep-induced lateral deflection of an axially loaded steel column at elevated temperatures is initiated by the gradient of stress and strain distributions on the cross-section of the column triggered by the initial imperfection. The parametric study results show that the creep buckling time of the steel column decreases as the load ratio, elevated temperature, and initial imperfection increase; however, the creep buckling time increases as the slenderness ratio increases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although the axial aptitude and pile load transfer under static loading have been extensively documented, the dynamic axial reaction, on the other hand, requires further investigation. During a seismic event, the pile load applied may increase, while the soil load carrying capacity may decrease due to the shaking, resulting in additional settlement. The researchers concentrated their efforts on determining the cause of extensive damage to the piles after the seismic event. Such failures were linked to discontinuities in the subsoil due to abrupt differences in soil stiffness, and so actions were called kinematic impact of the earthquake on piles depending on the outcomes of laboratory tests and other numerical analyses. In this research, numerical modeling is used to explore the kinematic forces created in a single pile erected in two sand layers under two different conditions (dry and saturated states). Based on the obtained results from the physical model, the maximum bending moment was observed at a depth around 200 mm below the ground surface in the loose sand layer, then these values gradually reduced until it becomes negative in the dense sand layer. It has been demonstrated that this modeling may be used to predict how a pile foundation would respond to “kinematic” loading generated by ground movements during a seismic event. Consequently, the current findings could be used in the design and construction of bored aluminum or steel piles in Al-Karbala soil.

Since laboratory tests are usually costly, simulating methods using computers are always under the spotlight. This study performed a finite element analysis (FEA) using iterative solutions for simulating circular and square concrete-filled steel tube (CFST) columns infilled with high-strength concrete and reinforced with a cross-shaped plate (comprising two plates along the columns that divide the hollow columns into four equal sections) with and without opening. For this reason and for validation purposes, the columns had length of 900 mm, width/diameter of 150 mm and wall thickness of 3 mm. In this study, unlike in some other studies, the cross-shaped plate was assumed to be fixed at the top and the bottom of a column, and the columns were subjected to axial compression pointed in the center. The outcomes revealed that the cross-shaped plate could improve the axial strength of both circular and square CFST columns; however, the structural performance of the square CFST columns changed: local outward buckling was observed after inserting the cross-shaped plate. By inserting an opening on the cross-shaped plate, the bearing capacity of the circular CFST columns was further improved, while the square CFST columns experienced a decline in their ultimate bearing capacity compared with the corresponding models without the opening. The lateral deflection also improved for the circular CFST columns by adding the reinforcement. However, for the square CFST columns, while it initially improved, increasing the thickness of the cross-shaped plate inversely influenced the lateral deflection of the square CFST columns. The results were also compared with some available codes, and a good agreement was achieved with those outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During curling sports, the movement of the stone is affected by the quality of the ice. Therefore, the delivery team led by the ice maker hopes that the quality of the ice surface will be stable and that the athletes will always ‘read the ice’ and pay attention to the small changes in the ice surface. This phenomenon is the charm of curling. Many friction models have been proposed to describe the regularity of the curling motion. In the curling competitions of the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic Games, the 2021 World Wheelchair Curling Championships, and the warm-up competition before, the research team installed a video image capture system in the arena to capture and record the data of the curling motion by using the depth neural network and object tracking algorithm. Further motion data research verifies the relationship between the friction coefficient and the speed. The quality control parameter of ice rink α is proposed, which is related to the influencing factors of the ice surface temperature, the ice hardness, the size of the pebble point, and the width of the curling friction band. The quality of the curling ice rink can be evaluated accurately and comprehensively by using parameter α. Based on the relationship between the friction coefficient and the speed, a physical model of horizontal sliding of the curling stone is established, which agrees well with the results of data obtained from video acquisition. Therefore, the movement distance along the rink can be accurately predicted. This paper analyzes the relationship between the long-time (the time it takes for the curling stone to travel between the two hog lines) and the stop position and that between the long-time and the split-time (the time it takes for the curling stone to travel from the back line to the hog line). Based on this result, a ruler can be established to assist athletes in estimating the sliding distance of the stone before curling throwing. This research also studies the relationship between three factors (the sliding speed in the x-direction, the angular speed, and a tiny lateral deflection speed in the y-direction) and the deviation of the stone. At the same time, there are also some interesting phenomena of the lateral deflection of the stone, such as the relationship between the lateral deflection angle tanθ and the initial lateral speed. As a result, the prediction of the curling stone’s exact final location can be realized. In summary, this article proposes an indicator for evaluating the quality of ice rinks and a physical model of curling based on the curling friction model, which is validated by data obtained from a video capture system of the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics. The results described above have been applied in the post-match operation of the National Aquatics Center to guide the production of Olympic-grade ice surfaces and to guide athletes to “read ice” accurately during training.

In this paper, the behavior of initially imperfect reinforced concrete columns with different eccentricity and end restraint conditions at elevated temperatures is studied. By constructing column curves for the heated columns, the combined and interrelated effects of initial imperfection patterns, rotational end restraint level, self-equilibrating thermal stresses, and end eccentricity condition for columns with different slenderness ratios are investigated. The study shows that for each column curve, there exists a characteristic fire resistance that is a maximum and not affected by end restraint characteristic. It was found that for all columns, there is a critical value of slenderness ratio after which column responses to fire change. It was also found that under certain conditions, an antisymmetrically loaded column with an initial out-of-straightness experiences a double-phase unwinding phenomenon and may fail in a single-curvature buckling mode, but they cannot buckle in an antisymmetrical double-curvature mode. This is quite different from symmetrically loaded columns with initial out-of-straightness of opposite sense of gravest buckling mode, which show a single-unwinding phenomenon and can fail in either a single- or a double-curvature buckling mode. The investigation revealed that the values of effective length factor at high temperatures are different from those at ambient temperature, and these values are slightly affected by the end eccentricity, column slenderness, and load ratio. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current research on the deformation of buried pipeline under rockfall impact load is generally based on the analysis of the pipeline cross-sectional deformation, and the deformation caused by lateral deflection of pipeline is less considered. The two-stage method is introduced to analyze the deformation of the adjacent buried pipeline by rockfall impact. The first stage solves for the additional stress caused by rockfall impact in the pipeline, and the second stage solves for the pipeline deformation caused by the additional stress. The validity and accuracy of the method in this paper are verified by comparing with the solutions in the existing literature. In addition, the influence law of pipe diameter, wall thickness, burial depth, rockfall action position and rockfall impact velocity on the deformation of buried pipes is analyzed. The research results show that for certain working conditions and soil parameters, there will be an optimal pipeline diameter D, which minimizes the deformation of the buried pipeline under the rockfall impact; based on Pasternak foundation model and Winker foundation model to calculate the rockfall impact load on buried pipe deformation respectively, it is found that the difference between these two foundation models on pipe deformation is small. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since laboratory tests are usually costly, simulating methods using computers are always under the spotlight. This study performed a finite element analysis (FEA) using iterative solutions for simulating circular and square concrete-filled steel tube (CFST) columns infilled with high-strength concrete and reinforced with a cross-shaped plate (comprising two plates along the columns that divide the hollow columns into four equal sections) with and without opening. For this reason and for validation purposes, the columns had length of 900 mm, width/diameter of 150 mm and wall thickness of 3 mm. In this study, unlike in some other studies, the cross-shaped plate was assumed to be fixed at the top and the bottom of a column, and the columns were subjected to axial compression pointed in the center. The outcomes revealed that the cross-shaped plate could improve the axial strength of both circular and square CFST columns; however, the structural performance of the square CFST columns changed: local outward buckling was observed after inserting the cross-shaped plate. By inserting an opening on the cross-shaped plate, the bearing capacity of the circular CFST columns was further improved, while the square CFST columns experienced a decline in their ultimate bearing capacity compared with the corresponding models without the opening. The lateral deflection also improved for the circular CFST columns by adding the reinforcement. However, for the square CFST columns, while it initially improved, increasing the thickness of the cross-shaped plate inversely influenced the lateral deflection of the square CFST columns. The results were also compared with some available codes, and a good agreement was achieved with those outcomes.

This research deals with the study of thermoelastic damping in transversely isotropic thin circular Kirchhoff–Love plate. Mathematical model is formed for time-harmonic displacement and temperature fields due to the GN theory of thermoelasticity of type III. The model is solved to obtain the expressions for thermoelastic damping, displacement, and temperature fields for circumferential surface wave modes for simply supported and clamped plate resonators. The numerical results for both the simply supported and clamped boundary conditions for an axisymmetric circular plate are illustrated. It is observed that the damping of vibrations is considerably influenced by surface wave modes. The thickness of the plate also has major effects on the vibrations of resonators. The computer-simulated results to illustrate the effect of circumferential surface wave modes on thermoelastic damping for the GN III theory of thermoelasticity have been depicted graphically. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a numerical model for tracing the behavior of eccentrically loaded slender reinforced concrete (RC) columns bent in single and double curvature, and subjected to elevated temperatures is presented. The developed model incorporates the high-temperature material properties, the nonlinear behavior of concrete sections, time dependent effects, and the nonlinear responses of slender RC columns. Based on Newton–Raphson method, an iterative technique, wherein strain and curvature are concurrently iterated, is used to find the strain distribution on the cross-section. By proposing a simple and reliable calculation procedure, the lateral deflection is calculated using numerical and searching techniques. The compatibility between forces and deformations at a joint in the column is established by another iterative technique, which involves the analysis of the whole column. The validity of the analytical model is established by comparing its predictions with results obtained from laboratory tests found in literature. A parametric study is conducted to investigate the effect of end eccentricity conditions on columns bent in single and double curvatures. It was found that lateral deflection plays an important role on column responses when subjected to fire. This finding confirms the usefulness of lateral deflection as a powerful tool in validating eccentrically loaded slender RC columns. It was also found that unwinding at elevated temperature has detrimental effect on columns bent in double curvature. It was observed that for all columns, there exists a critical eccentricity after which column responses to fire change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: The outrigger system is an effective tall building system used at one or multiple locations of high‐rise buildings. It is designed to control and minimize lateral displacement and to increase bending stiffness of the buildings by changing the load transfer mechanism of the structural systems. This paper presents a framework for estimation of the optimum location of the outriggers with structural engineering design approach. Three different sample high‐rise buildings, 35‐story 140‐m, 40‐story 160‐m, and 45‐m 180‐m, were investigated. A time‐history analysis method was used to examine the effects of earthquakes. In the first stage, the buildings were assumed to have one outrigger. The outrigger was put on each floor, and ETABS analysis models were created. For each different sample buildings, 35, 40, and 45 different analytical models were utilized for that stage, respectively. In the second stage, in case of outrigger in two positions, all combinations in which outriggers can be located in different positions were taken into consideration for only 40‐story sample building. Considering all of the possible cases, where the steel high‐rise building has 40 floors and the outriggers can be in two different locations, 780 different analysis models were used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a nanoscale beam of transversely isotropic thermoelastic (TIT) medium with two temperature and with Green–Naghdi (GN) III theory of thermoelasticity for free vibrations with simply supported boundaries have been examined. Euler–Bernoulli (EB) beam theory is used to formulate a mathematical model of the nanoscale beam in a closed form. The lateral deflection, frequency shift, thermal moment and thermoelastic damping have been solved. A program in MATLAB software is developed to find the numerical values for different physical quantities. The lateral deflection, frequency shift, thermal moment and thermoelastic damping for the varying two temperature, different modes, frequency of time harmonic sources, thickness of nano-beam, and material medium of nano-beam has been represented graphically and discussed. The results for some particular cases have also been compared to some earlier work done. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study deals with the static behavior of a self-supporting traditional clay brick-gypsum mortar masonry chimneys representative of the large number of chimneys currently used in industrial field in Iraq which plays an important role in dispersion of flue gases and smoke releasing to the atmosphere. The first part of the present study is devoted to review the construction process of chimneys, their shapes and dimensions, and properties of masonry units in which chimneys with heights 45, 50, 60, 70 and 80 m were studied. The second part focused on the wind loading analysis using CFD modelling and compared it with wind loads obtained by ASCE7-10, where three wind velocities were taken 30, 42, and 50 m/s. The third part related to 3D numerical model using finite elements method via ANSYS 2020R1 software to study the structural behavior of chimneys under gravity and wind loads in term of deflections and stresses. It is found that chimneys with slenderness ratio up to 11.6 (height = 60 m) re satisfied the design codes requirements for all wind velocities 30−50 m/s for permissible tensile stress, namely with a the factor safety greater than 2.The lateral deflection at the top of the chimney, of heights 45 m and 50 m, for all wind velocities is within permissible limit i.e. (H/650).Wind loadings estimated by CFD analysis is greater than that calculated by ASCE7−10 by about 37 %.

The soil in front of a laterally loaded pile moves around it in a three-dimensional (3D) manner, a type of soil-pile interaction that cannot be accounted for in general by two-dimensional (2D) plane-strain analyses. In an attempt to closely evaluate the 2D modelling of laterally loaded short pile in cohesive soil, this paper compares the data from a full-scale pile loading test with the corresponding 2D and 3D simulation results obtained through the finite differences computer codes FLAC and FLAC3D, respectively. The numerical results showed that the pile lateral deflection profile computed by FLAC (2D analysis) is inconsistent with its lateral soil reaction counterpart. A correction procedure of the 2D lateral pile deflection profile has then been suggested. Moreover, correlations between 2D and 3D results are developed in terms of pile lateral deflections and bending moments. These correlations are generalised for short piles in cohesive soils with different soil-pile relative stiffness and presented in dimensionless graphs to be used for preliminary design estimates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A novel model of forced vibrations in clamped-free/cantilever nano-beam is presented. • The medium is subjected to memory dependent derivative theory of thermoelasticity. • Both dynamic and static models are applied and analysed. • Dynamic response of exponential decaying time varying load, uniform load, and time harmonic load is investigated. • The effects of kernel functions on all physical fields are investigated and shown graphically. The present research deals with the study of forced vibrations in transversely isotropic thermoelastic (TIT) nanoscale beam with two temperature (2T). Memory dependent derivative theory of thermoelasticity for clamped-free/cantilever nano-beam has been considered. The mathematical model is prepared for the nanoscale beam in a closed form with the application of Euler Bernoulli beam theory. Laplace transform method is employed to solve the problem. Forced vibrations due to exponential decaying time varying load acting vertically downward along the thickness direction of the nano-beam, Uniform load, Time harmonic load have been considered. Dynamic analysis for these forced vibrations and Static analysis has been carried out in this research. The dimensionless expressions for lateral deflection, thermal moment, temperature change, and axial stress are solved for these three forced vibrations. Response ratio has also been calculated. The analytical results have been numerically analysed using programming in MATLAB. The effect of kernel function has been depicted graphically on the lateral deflection, thermal moment, temperature change, axial stress and response ratio for all the three types of forced vibrations. Some particular cases have also been discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study deals with a novel model of forced flexural vibrations in a transversely isotropic thermoelastic thin rectangular plate (TRP) due to time harmonic concentrated load. The mathematical model is prepared for the thin plate in a closed form with the application of Kirchhoff's love plate theory for nonlocal generalized thermoelasticity with Green–Naghdi (GN)-III theory of thermoelasticity. The nonlocal thin plate has a nonlocal parameter to depict small-scale effect. The double finite Fourier transform technique has been used to find the expressions for lateral deflection, thermal moment and temperature distribution for simply supported (SS) thin rectangular plate in the transformed domain. The effect of classical thermoelasticity (CTE) theory of thermoelasticity and nonlocal parameters has been shown on the computed quantities. Few particular cases have also been deduced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Piles, as a type of geotechnical structures, are widely utilized to resist different lateral loads sources such as inclined loads and earthquakes. Therefore, the behavior of such structures under lateral loads needs to be investigated. Accordingly, this study examines the piles' lateral deflection (LD) under various conditions. A total of 183 physical modeling tests were conducted in laboratory considering the most influential parameters on LD values in dried sandy soils. Additionally, a new hybrid model of particle swarm optimization (PSO)–artificial neural network (ANN) was proposed to predict LD of the piles. For comparison purposes, a pre-developed ANN model was also designed for estimation of LD values. In order to evaluate the prediction accuracy of the developed models, several performance indices such as root-mean-squared error (RMSE), coefficient of determination (R2), and variance account for were calculated. The proposed PSO–ANN model was found capable of providing a high accuracy level and, at the same time, a low system error in the LD prediction process. The RMSE values of 0.072 and 0.085 were determined, respectively, for training and testing datasets of the developed PSO–ANN model, while these values were 0.121 and 0.103 for the same datasets of the ANN predictive technique, respectively. It can be concluded that the PSO–ANN model can be relied on as a new hybrid model in field of this study, and also it can be used in other related studies with caution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For several years, there has been disagreement in the literature over the “scratch-guiding mechanism” first published by Nyberg et al. (Wear 301:583–589, 2013) in 2013 and recently quantified by Penner (Tribol Lett 67:35.1–35.13, 2019) in 2019. According to this proposal, the lateral motion of curling rocks can be influenced by pre-existing scratches on the ice. In particular, it is argued that scratches made by the front of the running band can “push” the back of the running band to the left or to the right, depending on their orientation. We offer here a critique of the Penner paper (Penner in Tribol Lett 67:35.1–35.13, 2019), alluding inter alia to recently published experimental results (Shegelski and Lozowski 10.1177/1754337118821575, 2019), which clearly demonstrate that scratches made by the running band of a curling rock have no influence on the trajectories of a subsequent rock travelling over those scratches. We also point out some apparent inconsistencies and deficiencies in the Penner model itself. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Integrated proton therapy - MRI systems are capable of delivering high doses to the target tissues near sensitive organs and achieve better therapeutic results; however, the applied magnetic field for imaging, influences the protons path, changes the penetration depth and deflects the particles, laterally, leading to dose distribution variations. Objective: To determine the effects of a magnetic field on the range and the lateral deflection of protons, analytically. Methods: An analytical survey based on protons energy and range power law relation, without using small angle assumption was done. The penetration depth and lateral deflection of protons with therapeutic energy ranges 60- 250 MeV in the presence of uniform magnetic fields of 0-10T intensities, were calculated analytically. Calculations were done for relativistic conditions with Mathematica software version 7.0, and MATLAB 7.0 was applied to plot curves and curve fittings. Results: In the presence of a magnetic field, the depth of Bragg peak was decreased and it was shifted laterally. A second order polynomial model with power equation for its coefficients and a power model with quadratic polynomial coefficients predicted the maximum lateral deflection (ymax) and maximum penetration depth (zmax) variations with energy and magnetic field intensity, respectively. Conclusion: The applied correction for deflection angle will give more reliable results in initial energy of 250 MeV and 3T magnetic field intensity. For lower energies and magnetic field intensities the differences are negligible, clinically

This study aimed to investigate the behavioral characteristics of the lateral deflection of a simply supported perforated steel plate subjected to axial compression. Investigating the lateral deflection of the perforated plate is of great significance because the buckling limit of structural members can be predicted not only by strength but also by displacement (or deflection). For this purpose, we conducted buckling experiments by considering various variables of the perforated plate, such as opening size, thickness, and aspect ratio. In addition, a series of elastoplastic large deflection analyses were performed using the commercial finite element analysis program, and the calculated results were compared along with the experimental results. Finally, practical curves, which can predict lateral deflection with an increase in axial displacement, and the occurrence point of ultimate strength are reported in this study. The results showed that there was a distinct difference in the behavior of lateral deflection between perforated plates with different opening ratios. The local buckling occurred mainly around the opening and was more dominant with an increase in the opening ratio. In addition, the ultimate strength of the perforated plate was determined at the end of the local buckling phase.

Day by day the call to solve traffic congestion problems is increasing. Subway tunnels and high-speed railway are commonly used for transportation. Therefore, tunnel construction induces soil movement, which in turn affects the stability and integrity of adjacent existing buildings. A series of numerical simulations have been established to investigate the effects of tunnel construction of the Greater Cairo Metro–Line 3-Phase-1 on adjacent pile cap foundations of Garage El-Attaba building. Many parameters have been investigated such as tunnel diameter and the distance between pile and tunnel at different tunnel axis and deep and shallow tunnel. After thorough analysis of the results’ simulation, it was found that the tunneling induces additional axial forces and bending moment as well as increasing axial settlement and lateral deflection. Moreover, the results obtained from the parametric study for the shallow and deep tunnel show that the tunnel depth has a much significant effect on piles responses. Finally, the tunnel diameter has an impact on pile responses as well as the pile cap foundation influenced by the tunnel when the tunnel is in very close vicinity of the pile, and its effect is modest to negligible if located far away from the buildings.

The present research deals with the study of transversely isotropic thermoelastic beam in the context of Green-Naghdi (GN) theory of thermoelasticity of Type-II and Type-III. The mathematical model is prepared for the thin beam in a closed form with the application of Euler Bernoulli beam theory. The Laplace Transform technique has been used to find the expressions for displacement component, lateral thermal moment, deflection and axial stress in transformed domain. The general algorithm of the inverse Laplace Transform is developed to compute the results numerically in physical domain. The effect of two theories of thermoelasticity Green- Naghdi-II and Green-Naghdi-III has been depicted on the various quantities. Some particular cases have also been deduced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on oleo-honeycomb dampers, a 6-DOF vertical soft landing dynamic model for reusable launch vehicle considering landing strut flexibility is constructed. In order to better analyze the lateral deflection and friction force of the "cantilever beam" type landing strut, a new model for strut is incorporated. Static analysis is first performed based on the rotation angle compatibility equations to attain the equivalent inertia moment. Then the strut lateral vibration model and friction force model are obtained by simplifying it as viscoelastic beam with a tip mass. After that, the ADAMS models are established to perform the comparison and verification analysis of the 6-DOF dynamic model. The results show that the results of 6-DOF dynamic model can approximately approach to the results of rigid-flex coupling model established in ADAMS. Furthermore, the research of the influence of assembly gap between cylinders and bearings, bearing's elastic modulus, friction coefficient and initial overlapping length on the vehicle landing performance is carried out. The results show that each parameter has different influence on the landing performance, and a reasonable selection of these parameters accordingly enables a higher landing performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Tall towers and multi-storey buildings have fascinated mankind from the beginning of civilization, their construction being initially for defense and subsequently for ecclesiastical purposes. These tall buildings because of its height, is affected by lateral forces due to wind or earthquake actions tends to snap the building in shear and push it over in bending. In general, the rigidity (i.e. Resistance to lateral deflection) and stability (i.e. Resistance to overturning moments) requirement become more important. Shear walls (Structural walls) contribute significant lateral stiffness, strength, and overall ductility and energy dissipation capacity. In many structural walls a regular pattern of openings has to be provided due to various functional requirements such as to accommodate doors, windows and service ducts. Such type of openings reduces the stiffness of the shear wall to some extent depending on the shape and size of the opening. In the present parametric study, efforts are made to investigate and critically assess the effects of various size of openings in shear walls on the responses and behaviors of multi-storey buildings. The 30 storey Prototype buildings with different types of openings in shear wall with and without incorporating the volume of shear wall reduced in the boundary elements are analyzed using software E-TABS using Response spectrum method (1893(Part-1)-2002) and Time history method.

Background: Integrated proton therapy - MRI systems are capable of delivering high doses to the target tissues near sensitive organs and achieve better therapeutic results; however, the applied magnetic field for imaging, influences the protons path, changes the penetration depth and deflects the particles, laterally, leading to dose distribution variations. Objective: To determine the effects of a magnetic field on the range and the lateral deflection of protons, analytically. Methods: An analytical survey based on protons energy and range power law relation, without using small angle assumption was done. The penetration depth and lateral deflection of protons with therapeutic energy ranges 60- 250 MeV in the presence of uniform magnetic fields of 0-10T intensities, were calculated analytically. Calculations were done for relativistic conditions with Mathematica software version 7.0, and MATLAB 7.0 was applied to plot curves and curve fittings. Results: In the presence of a magnetic field, the depth of Bragg peak was decreased and it was shifted laterally. A second order polynomial model with power equation for its coefficients and a power model with quadratic polynomial coefficients predicted the maximum lateral deflection (ymax) and maximum penetration depth (zmax) variations with energy and magnetic field intensity, respectively. Conclusion: The applied correction for deflection angle will give more reliable results in initial energy of 250 MeV and 3T magnetic field intensity. For lower energies and magnetic field intensities the differences are negligible, clinically. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]