Search

En novembre 2018, nous avons rencontré Anne Latendresse, professeure de géographie sociale et urbaine à l’Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), afin d’échanger sur son parcours et ses travaux. Il se trouve en effet qu’elle fait partie des rares géographes à avoir travaillé dès les années 1990 sur la dimension spatiale des mouvements sociaux, et plus encore à l’avoir fait dans le cadre d’une thèse de doctorat, intitulée : Processus de déstructuration-restructuration et dynamique palestinienn...

Resumo Antigo berço da industrialização canadense, Pointe-Saint-Charles é um bairro localizado próximo ao centro da cidade de Montreal, Quebec, em confronto com um acelerado processo de revitalização urbana a partir dos anos 1990. Diante desse processo recente, organizações populares locais têm empreendido diversificadas lutas, como as Operações Populares de Planejamento (OPAs), cuja primeira experiência ocorreu em 2004. Busca-se conhecer em que medida essas práticas são capazes de influenciar o poder decisório que atua sobre a trama territorial local. Desse modo, o objetivo deste artigo é compreender de que modo as OPAs em Pointe-Saint-Charles se constituem em práticas de um planejamento insurgente, nos termos definidos por Miraftab (2009; 2016) e Purcell (2009). A metodologia utilizada envolveu a revisão do conceito de planejamento insurgente, além da coleta de dados primários, como depoimentos, consulta a documentos comunitários e visitas técnicas ao referido bairro montrealês. Conclui-se que as OPAs em Pointe-Saint-Charles se constituem em importantes espaços de contrapoder em relação ao planejamento urbano institucional, capazes de obter ganhos materiais e simbólicos do ponto de vista dos moradores locais. Essas práticas reúnem elementos que apontam para um campo aberto de possibilidades em relação a uma necessária mudança no planejamento urbano contemporâneo. Abstract Former birthplace of Canadian industrialization, Pointe-Saint-Charles is a neighborhood located near the center of Montreal-QC, in confrontation with an accelerated process of urban revitalization since the 1990s. Faced with this recent process, local grassroots organizations have undertaken diverse struggles, such as the Popular Planning Operations - OPA's, first experienced in 2004. This paper seeks to measure how these practices influence the decision-making power that acts over the local territorial frame. Therefore, we aim to understand these practices constitution as an insurgent planning, as defined by Miraftab (2009, 2016) and Purcell (2009). The methodology included the revision of the concept of insurgent planning, as well as the collection of primary data such as testimonies, consultation of community documents and technical visits to the referred Montreal’s neighborhood. As final considerations, we concluded that the OPA’s in Pointe-Saint-Charles constitutes important spaces of counterpower in relation to the institutional urban planning, capable of obtaining material and symbolic gains from the point of view of the local residents. These practices bring together elements that point to an open field of possibilities in relation to a necessary change in contemporary urban planning.

Cet ouvrage fait suite au colloque international clôturant le programme de recherche PAGODE « Participation, Animation et GOuvernance dans les Ecoquartiers » financé entre 2010 et 2014 par l'Agence Nationale de Recherche dans le cadre de l'appel à projets « Ville durable ». Si les démarches participatives sont désormais un levier incontournable pour chaque acteur engagé dans la gouvernance du projet urbain durable, les (re)mises en ordres ou en désordres qu'elles suscitent s'avèrent des processus centraux autant que complexes. Car une fois la participation posée en principe et en discours, reste le problème du passage de l'injonction de soutenabilité urbaine à la réalité d'une dynamique sociétale qui favoriserait la prise en charge collective, participative et pérenne du cadre de vie. C'est ce discours participatif, ses effets, les expérimentations et retours critiques qu'il suscite, que les 39 chercheurs et praticiens réunis dans cet ouvrage proposent de discuter. Dans une perspective pluridisciplinaire et à travers de nombreuses études de cas, les diverses contributions analysent de façon riche et souvent renouvelée les modalités d'une fabrique urbaine participative aux prises avec les injonctions du développement durable. Plusieurs thèmes sont ainsi mis en discussion, à l'instar des effets d'un gouvernement de la participation ou des éco-technologies, des opportunités d'appropriations et de « résistances » citoyennes, ou encore de la problématique des « communs »… Au final, dans un contexte de transition et de changement, l'adaptation participative de la ville ressort ici, entre contrôles et résistances, comme un produit transactionnel traduisant les constructions et les appropriations stratégiques d'un ordre négocié de la durabilité urbaine.

This article examines the changes that took place in the Brazilian housing movement through a growing participation of women in its organization and especially in its local leadership. It aims at understanding the degree in which this participation has contributed to the elaboration of housing public policy. This research illustrates how awareness around gender and housing issues contributes to promote changes in housing public policy. Using the examples of Sao Paulo and Rio de Janeiro housing movement organizations, we observe how a strategic alliance between popular urban organizations, feminist groups and progressive elected representatives have contributed to the adoption of public policies that take into consideration the specificities and needs of low income urban women. We especially focus on the influence of social movements on public policy and on institutional changes in terms of politics and public action. Key words: gender, social movement, public policy, housing, governance. ResumoEste artigo vai abordar a mutação do movimento por moradia, permeado pela presença significativa de mulheres em sua base e liderança, e mostrar até que ponto esse processo contribui para a elaboração das políticas públicas habitacionais. Esta pesquisa ilustra como a tomada de consciência da questão de gênero coopera para mudanças nas políticas públicas de moradia. A partir dos exemplos de São Paulo e Rio de Janeiro, é possível saber de que forma uma estratégia de aliança entre organizações populares de tipo classista, grupos feministas e representantes eleitos progressistas contribui para a adoção de políticas públicas que levem em conta as condições de vida e especificidades das mulheres, assim como trazer à lume a influência que os movimentos sociais podem ter nas políticas públicas, colaborando para as transformações institucionais em matéria de políticas e ações públicas. Palavras-chave: Gênero, Movimento social, Política pública, Moradia, Governança. Abstract This article examines the changes that took place in the Brazilian housing movement through a growing participation of women in its organization and especially in its local leadership. It aims at understanding the degree in which this participation has contributed to the elaboration of housing public policy. This research illustrates how awareness around gender and housing issues contributes to promote changes in housing public policy. Using the examples of Sao Paulo and Rio de Janeiro housing movement organizations, we observe how a strategic alliance between popular urban organizations, feminist groups and progressive elected representatives have contributed to the adoption of public policies that take into consideration the specificities and needs of low income urban women. We especially focus on the influence of social movements on public policy and on institutional changes in terms of politics and public action. Key words: gender, social movement, public policy, housing, governance.

Pour réinventer la démocratie, il est insuffisant de proposer des réformes à la démocratie libérale contemporaine qui, de fait, contribue principalement à la reproduction des intérêts des élites. De plus, les forces de la mondialisation minimisent sans cesse le pouvoir national de chaque état. Le peuple ne s’y trompe pas en délaissant les institutions de la démocratie représentative (vote, partis) au profit d’autres formes d’actions politiques qui se multiplient partout dans le monde : forum social mondial, mouvement des Indi­gnés, etc. C’est dans le fil de cet abandon du paradigme de la démocratie libérale qu’est en train de se réinventer la démocratie partout dans le monde. To reinvent democracy, it is not enough to simply propose the reform of contemporary liberal democracy, a system that contributes pri­marily to preserving the interests of the elite. In today’s world, the forces of globa­lization are constantly eroding the national power of states. People are not wrong, therefore, in abandoning the institutions of repre­sentative demo­cracy (voting, political parties) in favour of the many other forms of political action emerging worldwide : World Social Forum, Oc­cupy Wall Street Movement, etc. This abandonment of the liberal demo­cracy para­digm is leading to the reinvention of democracy around the globe.