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1. First constraints on general neutrino interactions based on KATRIN data

Author: Aker, M., Batzler, D., Beglarian, A., Beisenkötter, J., Biassoni, M., Bieringer, B., Biondi, Y., Block, F., Bornschein, B., Bornschein, L., Böttcher, M., Carminati, M., Chatrabhuti, A., Chilingaryan, S., Daniel, B. A., Descher, M., Barrero, D. Díaz, Doe, P. J., Dragoun, O., Drexlin, G., Edzards, F., Eitel, K., Ellinger, E., Engel, R., Enomoto, S., Felden, A., Fengler, C., Fiorini, C., Formaggio, J. A., Forstner, C., Fränkle, F. M., Gagliardi, G., Gauda, K., Gavin, A. S., Gil, W., Glück, F., Grössle, R., Gutknecht, N., Hannen, V., Hasselmann, L., Helbing, K., Henke, H., Heyns, S., Hiller, R., Hillesheimer, D., Hinz, D., Höhn, T., Huber, A., Jansen, A., Khosonthongkee, K., Köhler, C., Köllenberger, L., Kopmann, A., Kovač, N., La Cascio, L., Lasserre, T., Lauer, J., Le, T. L., Lebeda, O., Lehnert, B., Li, G., Lokhov, A., Machatschek, M., Mark, M., Marsteller, A., McMichael, K., Melzer, C., Mertens, S., Mohanty, S., Mostafa, J., Müller, K., Nava, A., Neumann, H., Niemes, S., Onillon, A., Parno, D. S., Pavan, M., Pinsook, U., Poon, A. W. P., Poyato, J. M. L., Priester, F., Ráliš, J., Ramachandran, S., Robertson, R. G. H., Rodenbeck, C., Röllig, M., Sack, R., Saenz, A., Salomon, R., Schäfer, P., Schlösser, K., Schlösser, M., Schlüter, L., Schneidewind, S., Schrank, M., Schürmann, J., Schütz, A. K., Schwemmer, A., Schwenck, A., Seeyangnok, J., Šefčík, M., Siegmann, D., Simon, F., Songwadhana, J., Spanier, F., Spreng, D., Sreethawong, W., Steidl, M., Štorek, J., Stribl, X., Sturm, M., Suwonjandee, N., Jerome, N. Tan, Telle, H. H., Thorne, L. A., Thümmler, T., Titov, N., Tkachev, I., Urban, K., Valerius, K., Vénos, D., Weinheimer, C., Welte, S., Wendel, J., Wetter, M., Wiesinger, C., Wilkerson, J. F., Wolf, J., Wüstling, S., Wydra, J., Xu, W., Zadorozhny, S., and Zeller, G.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract: The precision measurement of the tritium $\beta$-decay spectrum performed by the KATRIN experiment provides a unique way to search for general neutrino interactions (GNI). All theoretical allowed GNI terms involving neutrinos are incorporated into a low-energy effective field theory, and can be identified by specific signatures in the measured tritium $\beta$-spectrum. In this paper an effective description of the impact of GNI on the $\beta$-spectrum is formulated and the first constraints on the effective GNI parameters are derived based on the 4 million electrons collected in the second measurement campaign of KATRIN in 2019. In addition, constraints on selected types of interactions are investigated, thereby exploring the potential of KATRIN to search for more specific new physics cases, including a right-handed W boson, a charged Higgs or leptoquarks.
Published: 2024

2. Measurement of the electric potential and the magnetic field in the shifted analysing plane of the KATRIN experiment

Author: Aker, M., Batzler, D., Beglarian, A., Behrens, J., Beisenkötter, J., Biassoni, M., Bieringer, B., Biondi, Y., Block, F., Bobien, S., Böttcher, M., Bornschein, B., Bornschein, L., Caldwell, T. S., Carminati, M., Chatrabhuti, A., Chilingaryan, S., Daniel, B. A., Debowski, K., Descher, M., Barrero, D. Díaz, Doe, P. J., Dragoun, O., Drexlin, G., Edzards, F., Eitel, K., Ellinger, E., Engel, R., Enomoto, S., Felden, A., Fengler, C., Fiorini, C., Formaggio, J. A., Forstner, C., Fränkle, F. M., Gauda, K., Gavin, A. S., Gil, W., Glück, F., Grössle, R., Gumbsheimer, R., Hannen, V., Hasselmann, L., Haußmann, N., Helbing, K., Heyns, S., Hickford, S., Hiller, R., Hillesheimer, D., Hinz, D., Höhn, T., Huber, A., Jansen, A., Karl, C., Kellerer, J., Khosonthongkee, K., Köhler, C., Köllenberger, L., Kopmann, A., Kovač, N., Krause, H., La Cascio, L., Lasserre, T., Lauer, J., Le, T. L., Lebeda, O., Lehnert, B., Li, G., Lokhov, A., Machatschek, M., Mark, M., Marsteller, A., Martin, E. L., McMichael, K., Melzer, C., Mertens, S., Mohanty, S., Mostafa, J., Müller, K., Nava, A., Neumann, H., Niemes, S., Parno, D. S., Pavan, M., Pinsook, U., Poon, A. W. P., Poyato, J. M. L., Pozzi, S., Priester, F., Ráliš, J., Ramachandran, S., Robertson, R. G. H., Rodenbeck, C., Röllig, M., Sack, R., Saenz, A., Salomon, R., Schäfer, P., Schlösser, M., Schlösser, K., Schlüter, L., Schneidewind, S., Schrank, M., Schürmann, J., Schütz, A. K., Schwemmer, A., Schwenck, A., Šefčík, M., Siegmann, D., Simon, F., Spanier, F., Spreng, D., Sreethawong, W., Steidl, M., Štorek, J., Stribl, X., Sturm, M., Suwonjandee, N., Jerome, N. Tan, Telle, H. H., Thorne, L. A., Thümmler, T., Titov, N., Tkachev, I., Urban, K., Valerius, K., Vénos, D., Weinheimer, C., Welte, S., Wendel, J., Wiesinger, C., Wilkerson, J. F., Wolf, J., Wüstling, S., Wydra, J., Xu, W., Zadorozhny, S., and Zeller, G.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: The projected sensitivity of the effective electron neutrino-mass measurement with the KATRIN experiment is below 0.3 eV (90 % CL) after five years of data acquisition. The sensitivity is affected by the increased rate of the background electrons from KATRIN's main spectrometer. A special shifted-analysing-plane (SAP) configuration was developed to reduce this background by a factor of two. The complex layout of electromagnetic fields in the SAP configuration requires a robust method of estimating these fields. We present in this paper a dedicated calibration measurement of the fields using conversion electrons of gaseous $^\mathrm{83m}$Kr, which enables the neutrino-mass measurements in the SAP configuration., Comment: 19 pages, 11 figures
Published: 2024

3. Direct neutrino-mass measurement based on 259 days of KATRIN data

Author: Aker, M., Batzler, D., Beglarian, A., Behrens, J., Beisenkötter, J., Biassoni, M., Bieringer, B., Biondi, Y., Block, F., Bobien, S., Böttcher, M., Bornschein, B., Bornschein, L., Caldwell, T. S., Carminati, M., Chatrabhuti, A., Chilingaryan, S., Daniel, B. A., Debowski, K., Descher, M., Barrero, D. Díaz, Doe, P. J., Dragoun, O., Drexlin, G., Edzards, F., Eitel, K., Ellinger, E., Engel, R., Enomoto, S., Felden, A., Fengler, C., Fiorini, C., Formaggio, J. A., Forstner, C., Fränkle, F. M., Gauda, K., Gavin, A. S., Gil, W., Glück, F., Grohmann, S., Grössle, R., Gumbsheimer, R., Gutknecht, N., Hannen, V., Hasselmann, L., Haußmann, N., Helbing, K., Henke, H., Heyns, S., Hickford, S., Hiller, R., Hillesheimer, D., Hinz, D., Höhn, T., Huber, A., Jansen, A., Karl, C., Kellerer, J., Khosonthongkee, K., Kleifges, M., Klein, M., Kohpeiß, J., Köhler, C., Köllenberger, L., Kopmann, A., Kovač, N., Kovalík, A., Krause, H., La Cascio, L., Lasserre, T., Lauer, J., Le, T., Lebeda, O., Lehnert, B., Li, G., Lokhov, A., Machatschek, M., Mark, M., Marsteller, A., Martin, E. L., Melzer, C., Mertens, S., Mohanty, S., Mostafa, J., Müller, K., Nava, A., Neumann, H., Niemes, S., Onillon, A., Parno, D. S., Pavan, M., Pinsook, U., Poon, A. W. P., Poyato, J. M. Lopez, Pozzi, S., Priester, F., Ráliš, J., Ramachandran, S., Robertson, R. G. H., Rodenbeck, C., Röllig, M., Röttele, C., Ryšavý, M., Sack, R., Saenz, A., Salomon, R., Schäfer, P., Schlösser, M., Schlösser, K., Schlüter, L., Schneidewind, S., Schnurr, U., Schrank, M., Schürmann, J., Schütz, A., Schwemmer, A., Schwenck, A., Šefčík, M., Siegmann, D., Simon, F., Spanier, F., Spreng, D., Sreethawong, W., Steidl, M., Štorek, J., Stribl, X., Sturm, M., Suwonjandee, N., Jerome, N. Tan, Telle, H. H., Thorne, L. A., Thümmler, T., Tirolf, S., Titov, N., Tkachev, I., Urban, K., Valerius, K., Vénos, D., Weinheimer, C., Welte, S., Wendel, J., Wiesinger, C., Wilkerson, J. F., Wolf, J., Wüstling, S., Wydra, J., Xu, W., Zadorozhny, S., and Zeller, G.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: The fact that neutrinos carry a non-vanishing rest mass is evidence of physics beyond the Standard Model of elementary particles. Their absolute mass bears important relevance from particle physics to cosmology. In this work, we report on the search for the effective electron antineutrino mass with the KATRIN experiment. KATRIN performs precision spectroscopy of the tritium $\beta$-decay close to the kinematic endpoint. Based on the first five neutrino-mass measurement campaigns, we derive a best-fit value of $m_\nu^{2} = {-0.14^{+0.13}_{-0.15}}~\mathrm{eV^2}$, resulting in an upper limit of $m_\nu < {0.45}~\mathrm{eV}$ at 90 % confidence level. With six times the statistics of previous data sets, amounting to 36 million electrons collected in 259 measurement days, a substantial reduction of the background level and improved systematic uncertainties, this result tightens KATRIN's previous bound by a factor of almost two., Comment: 61 pages, 20 figures, 2 tables
Published: 2024

4. Direct neutrino-mass measurement based on 259 days of KATRIN data

Author: Aker, M, Batzler, D, Beglarian, A, Behrens, J, Beisenkötter, J, Biassoni, M, Bieringer, B, Biondi, Y, Block, F, Bobien, S, Böttcher, M, Bornschein, B, Bornschein, L, Caldwell, TS, Carminati, M, Chatrabhuti, A, Chilingaryan, S, Daniel, BA, Debowski, K, Descher, M, Barrero, D Díaz, Doe, PJ, Dragoun, O, Drexlin, G, Edzards, F, Eitel, K, Ellinger, E, Engel, R, Enomoto, S, Felden, A, Fengler, C, Fiorini, C, Formaggio, JA, Forstner, C, Fränkle, FM, Gauda, K, Gavin, AS, Gil, W, Glück, F, Grohmann, S, Grössle, R, Gumbsheimer, R, Gutknecht, N, Hannen, V, Hasselmann, L, Haußmann, N, Helbing, K, Henke, H, Heyns, S, Hickford, S, Hiller, R, Hillesheimer, D, Hinz, D, Höhn, T, Huber, A, Jansen, A, Karl, C, Kellerer, J, Khosonthongkee, K, Kleifges, M, Klein, M, Kohpeiß, J, Köhler, C, Köllenberger, L, Kopmann, A, Kovač, N, Kovalík, A, Krause, H, Cascio, L La, Lasserre, T, Lauer, J, Le, T, Lebeda, O, Lehnert, B, Li, G, Lokhov, A, Machatschek, M, Mark, M, Marsteller, A, Martin, EL, Melzer, C, Mertens, S, Mohanty, S, Mostafa, J, Müller, K, Nava, A, Neumann, H, Niemes, S, Onillon, A, Parno, DS, Pavan, M, Pinsook, U, Poon, AWP, Poyato, JM Lopez, Pozzi, S, Priester, F, Ráliš, J, Ramachandran, S, Robertson, RGH, and Rodenbeck, C
Subjects: nucl-ex, hep-ex
Abstract: The fact that neutrinos carry a non-vanishing rest mass is evidence ofphysics beyond the Standard Model of elementary particles. Their absolute massbears important relevance from particle physics to cosmology. In this work, wereport on the search for the effective electron antineutrino mass with theKATRIN experiment. KATRIN performs precision spectroscopy of the tritium$\beta$-decay close to the kinematic endpoint. Based on the first fiveneutrino-mass measurement campaigns, we derive a best-fit value of $m_u^{2} ={-0.14^{+0.13}_{-0.15}}~\mathrm{eV^2}$, resulting in an upper limit of $m_u <{0.45}~\mathrm{eV}$ at 90 % confidence level. With six times the statistics ofprevious data sets, amounting to 36 million electrons collected in 259measurement days, a substantial reduction of the background level and improvedsystematic uncertainties, this result tightens KATRIN's previous bound by afactor of almost two.
Published: 2024

5. A Plastic Scintillation Muon Veto for Sub-Kelvin Temperatures

Author: Erhart, A., Wagner, V., Wex, A., Goupy, C., Lhuillier, D., Namuth, E., Nones, C., Rogly, R., Savu, V., Schwarz, M., Strauss, R., Vivier, M., Abele, H., Angloher, G., Bento, A., Burkhart, J., Canonica, L., Cappella, F., Casali, N., Cerulli, R., Cruciani, A., del Castello, G., Roccagiovine, M. del Gallo, Doblhammer, A., Dorer, S., Friedl, M., Garai, A., Ghete, V. M., Hauff, D., Jeanneau, F., Jericha, E., Kaznacheeva, M., Kinast, A., Kluck, H., Langenkämper, A., Lasserre, T., Mancuso, M., Martin, R., Mazzolari, A., Mazzucato, E., Neyrial, H., Oberauer, L., Ortmann, T., Pattavina, L., Peters, L., Petricca, F., Potzel, W., Pröbst, F., Pucci, F., Reindl, F., Romagnoni, M., Rothe, J., Schermer, N., Schieck, J., Schönert, S., Schwertner, C., Scola, L., Soum-Sidikov, G., Stodolsky, L., Tamisari, M., Tomei, C., and Vignati, M.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: Rare-event search experiments located on-surface, such as short-baseline reactor neutrino experiments, are often limited by muon-induced background events. Highly efficient muon vetos are essential to reduce the detector background and to reach the sensitivity goals. We demonstrate the feasibility of deploying organic plastic scintillators at sub-Kelvin temperatures. For the NUCLEUS experiment, we developed a cryogenic muon veto equipped with wavelength shifting fibers and a silicon photo multiplier operating inside a dilution refrigerator. The achievable compactness of cryostat-internal integration is a key factor in keeping the muon rate to a minimum while maximizing coverage. The thermal and light output properties of a plastic scintillation detector were examined. We report first data on the thermal conductivity and heat capacity of the polystyrene-based scintillator UPS-923A over a wide range of temperatures extending below one Kelvin. The light output was measured down to 0.8K and observed to increase by a factor of 1.61$\pm$0.05 compared to 300K. The development of an organic plastic scintillation muon veto operating in sub-Kelvin temperature environments opens new perspectives for rare-event searches with cryogenic detectors at sites lacking substantial overburden.
Published: 2023

6. Study of collision and $\gamma$-cascade times following neutron-capture processes in cryogenic detectors

Author: CRAB collaboration, Soum-Sidikov, G., Abele, H., Burkhart, J., Cappella, F., Casali, N., Cerulli, R., Chalil, A., Chebboubi, A., Crocombette, J-P., del Castello, G., Roccagiovine, M. del Gallo, Doblhammer, A., Dorer, S., Dumonteil, E., Erhart, A., Giuliani, A., Goupy, C., Gunsing, F., Jericha, E., Kaznacheeva, M., Kinast, A., Kluck, H., Langenkämper, A., Lasserre, T., Letourneau, A., Lhuillier, D., Litaize, O., de Marcillac, P., Marnieros, S., Martin, R., Materna, T., Mazzucato, E., Nones, C., Ortmann, T., Pattavina, L., Poda, D. V., Peters, L., Rothe, J., Schermer, N., Schieck, J., Schönert, S., Serot, O., Stodolsky, L., Strauss, R., Thulliez, L., Vignati, M., Vivier, M., Wagner, V., and Wex, A.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: The emission of $\gamma$-rays after a neutron capture in a cryogenic detector can generate mono-energetic nuclear recoils in the sub-keV regime, of direct interest for the calibration of Dark Matter and Coherent Elastic Neutrino Nucleus Scattering experiments. Here we show that accurate predictions of the nuclear recoil spectra induced by neutron captures require taking into account the interplay between the development in time of the de-excitation $\gamma$-cascade of the target nucleus and that of the associated atomic collisions in matter. We present detailed simulations coupling the FIFRELIN code for the description of the $\gamma$-cascades and the IRADINA code for the modelling of the fast atomic movements in matter. Nuclear recoil spectra are predicted, and made available to the community, for concrete cases of Al$_2$O$_3$, Si, Ge and CaWO$_4$ crystals exposed to a low intensity beam of thermal neutrons. We find that timing effects cause new calibration peaks to emerge in the recoil spectra and also impact the shape of the continuous recoil distribution. We discuss how they could give access to a rich physics program, spanning the accurate study of the response of cryogenic detectors in the sub-keV range, tests of solid state physics simulations and tests of nuclear models.
Published: 2023

7. Recent Borexino results and perspectives of the SOX measurement

Author: Porcelli A., Agostini M., Altenmüller K., Appel S., Atroshchenko V., Bagdasarian Z., Basilico D., Bellini G., Benziger J., Bick D., Bonfini G., Bravo D., Caccianiga B., Calaprice F., Caminata A., Caprioli S., Carlini M., Cavalcante P., Chepurnov A., Choi K., Cloué O., Cribier M., D'Angelo D., Davini S., Derbin A., Ding X.F., Di Ludovico A., Di Noto L., Drachnev I., Durero M., Farinon S., Fischer V., Fomenko K., Formozov A., Franco D., Froborg F., Gabriele F., Gaffiot J., Galbiati C., Ghiano C., Giammarchi M., Goretti A., Gromov M., Gschwender M., Hagner C., Houdy T., Hungerford E., Ianni Aldo, Ianni Andrea, Jonquères N., Jany A., Jeschke D., Kobychev V., Korablev D., Korga G., Kornoukhov V., Kryn D., Lachenmaier T., Lasserre T., Laubenstein M., Litvinovich E., Lombardi F., Lombardi P., Ludhova L., Lukyanchenko G., Lukyanchenko L., Machulin I., Manuzio G., Marcocci S., Maricic J., Mention G., Martyn J., Meroni E., Meyer M., Miramonti L., Misiaszek M., Muratova V., Musenich R., Neumair B., Oberauer L., Opitz B., Ortica F., Pallavicini M., Papp L., Pilipenko N., Pocar A., Ranucci G., Razeto A., Re A., Romani A., Roncin R., Rossi N., Rottenanger S., Schönert S., Scola M., Semenov D., Skorokhvatov M., Smirnov O., Sotnikov A., Stokes L.F.F., Suvorov Y., Tartaglia R., Testera G., Thurn J., Toropova M., Unzhakov E., Veyssiére C., Vishneva A., Vivier M., Vogelaar R.B., von Feilitzsch F., Wang H., Weinz S., Wojcik M., Wurm M., Yokley Z., Zaimidoroga O., Zavatarelli S., Zuber K., and Zuzel G.
Subjects: Physics, QC1-999
Abstract: Borexino is a liquid scintillator detector sited underground in the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (Italy). Its physics program, until the end of this year, is focussed on the study of solar neutrinos, in particular from the Beryllium, pp, pep and CNO fusion reactions. Knowing the reaction chains in the sun provides insights towards physics disciplines such as astrophysics (star physics, star formation, etc.), astroparticle and particle physics. Phase II started in 2011 and its aim is to improve the phase I results, in particular the measurements of the neutrino fluxes from the pep and CNO processes. By the end of this year, data taking from the sun will be over and a new project is scheduled to launch: Short distance Oscillation with boreXino (SOX), which uses a Cerium source for neutrinos (100÷150 kCi of activity) and aims to confirm or rule out the presence of sterile neutrinos. This particle is hypothesised to justify the reactor, Gallium and LSND anomalies found and can reject extensions to the standard model. The work presented is a summary of the solar neutrino results achieved so far, which lead not only to a precise study of the processes in the sun, but also to more Standard Model oriented measurements (such as the stability of the charge, i.e. the life time of the electron). Furthermore, the perspectives of the SOX program are discussed showing the experiment sensitivity to a fourth neutrino state covering almost entirely 3σ of the preferred region of the anomalous neutrino experiments, and additional applications of the detector such as the study of geo-neutrinos.
Published: 2018
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8. Search for Lorentz-invariance violation with the first KATRIN data

Author: Aker, M, Batzler, D, Beglarian, A, Behrens, J, Berlev, A, Besserer, U, Bieringer, B, Block, F, Bobien, S, Bornschein, B, Bornschein, L, Böttcher, M, Brunst, T, Caldwell, TS, Carney, RMD, Chilingaryan, S, Choi, W, Debowski, K, Descher, M, Barrero, D Díaz, Doe, PJ, Dragoun, O, Drexlin, G, Edzards, F, Eitel, K, Ellinger, E, Engel, R, Enomoto, S, Felden, A, Formaggio, JA, Fränkle, FM, Franklin, GB, Friedel, F, Fulst, A, Gauda, K, Gavin, AS, Gil, W, Glück, F, Grössle, R, Gumbsheimer, R, Hannen, V, Haußmann, N, Helbing, K, Hickford, S, Hiller, R, Hillesheimer, D, Hinz, D, Höhn, T, Houdy, T, Huber, A, Jansen, A, Karl, C, Kellerer, J, Kleifges, M, Klein, M, Köhler, C, Köllenberger, L, Kopmann, A, Korzeczek, M, Kovalík, A, Krasch, B, Krause, H, La Cascio, L, Lasserre, T, Le, TL, Lebeda, O, Lehnert, B, Lokhov, A, Machatschek, M, Malcherek, E, Mark, M, Marsteller, A, Martin, EL, Melzer, C, Mertens, S, Mostafa, J, Müller, K, Neumann, H, Niemes, S, Oelpmann, P, Parno, DS, Poon, AWP, Poyato, JML, Priester, F, Ráliš, J, Ramachandran, S, Robertson, RGH, Rodejohann, W, Rodenbeck, C, Röllig, M, Röttele, C, Ryšavý, M, Sack, R, Saenz, A, Salomon, R, Schäfer, P, Schimpf, L, Schlösser, M, Schlösser, K, and Schlüter, L
Subjects: Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Particle and High Energy Physics, Physical Sciences
Abstract: Some extensions of the Standard Model of particle physics allow for Lorentz invariance and charge-parity-time invariance violations. In the neutrino sector strong constraints have been set by neutrino-oscillation and time-of-flight experiments. However, some Lorentz-invariance-violating parameters are not accessible via these probes. In this work, we focus on the parameters (aof(3))00, (aof(3))10, and (aof(3))11 which would manifest themselves in a nonisotropic β-decaying source as a sidereal oscillation and an overall shift of the spectral endpoint. Based on the data of the first scientific run of the KATRIN experiment, we set the first 90% confidence-level limit on |(aof(3))11| of
Published: 2023

9. Exploring coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering of reactor neutrinos with the NUCLEUS experiment

Author: The NUCLEUS collaboration, Goupy, C., Abele, H., Angloher, G., Bento, A., Canonica, L., Cappella, F., Cardani, L., Casali, N., Cerulli, R., Colantoni, I., Cruciani, A., Del Castello, G., Roccagiovine, M. del Gallo, Doblhammer, A., Dorer, S., Erhart, A., Friendl, M., Garai, A., Ghete, V. M., Hauff, D., Jeanneau, F., Jericha, E., Kaznacheeva, M., Kinast, A., Kluck, H., Langenkämper, A., Lasserre, T., Lhuillier, D., Mancuso, M., Mauri, B., Mazzolari, A., Mazzucato, E., Neyrial, H., Nones, C., Oberauer, L., Ortmann, T., Pattavina, L., Peters, L., Petricca, F., Potzel, W., Pröbst, F., Pucci, F., Riendl, F., Rogly, R., Romagnoni, M., Rothe, J., Schermer, N., Schieck, J., Schönert, S., Schwertner, C., Scola, L., Sidikov, G. Soum, Stodolsky, L., Strauss, R., Tamisari, M., Tomei, C., Vignati, M., Vivier, M., Wagner, V., and Wex, A.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: The NUCLEUS experiment aims to perform a high-precision measurement of Coherent Elastic Neutrino-Nucleus Scattering (CEvNS) at the EdF Chooz B nuclear power plant in France. CEvNS is a unique process to study neutrino properties and to search for physics beyond the Standard Model. The study of CEvNS is also important for light Dark-Matter searches. It could be a possible irreducible background for high-sensitivity Dark-Matter searches. NUCLEUS is an experiment under construction based on ultra-low threshold (20 eVnr) cryogenic calorimeters, operated at tens-of-mK temperatures., Comment: Procceding for 14th International Conference on Identification of Dark Matter Vienna, Austria, 18-22 July 2022 - Submitted to SciPost
Published: 2022

10. Observation of a nuclear recoil peak at the 100 eV scale induced by neutron capture

Author: CRAB Collaboration, NUCLEUS Collaboration, Abele, H., Angloher, G., Bento, A., Canonica, L., Cappella, F., Cardani, L., Casali, N., Cerulli, R., Chalil, A., Chebboubi, A., Colantoni, I., Crocombette, J. -P., Cruciani, A., Del Castello, G., Roccagiovine, M. del Gallo, Desforge, D., Doblhammer, A., Dumonteil, E., Dorer, S., Erhart, A., Fuss, A., Friedl, M., Garai, A., Ghete, V. M., Giuliani, A., Goupy, C., Gunsing, F., Hauff, D., Jeanneau, F., Jericha, E., Kaznacheeva, M., Kinast, A., Kluck, H., Langenkämper, A., Lasserre, T., Letourneau, A., Lhuillier, D., Litaize, O., Mancuso, M., de Marcillac, P., Marnieros, S., Materna, T., Mauri, B., Mazzolari, A., Mazzucato, E., Neyrial, H., Nones, C., Oberauer, L., Ortmann, T., Ouzriat, A., Pattavina, L., Peters, L., Petricca, F., Poda, D. V., Potzel, W., Pröbst, F., Reindl, F., Rogly, R., Romagnoni, M., Rothe, J., Schermer, N., Schieck, J., Schönert, S., Schwertner, C., Scola, L., Serot, O., Soum-Sidikov, G., Stodolsky, L., Strauss, R., Tamisari, M., Thulliez, L., Tomei, C., Vignati, M., Vivier, M., Wagner, V., and Wex, A.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: Coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering and low-mass Dark Matter detectors rely crucially on the understanding of their response to nuclear recoils. We report the first observation of a nuclear recoil peak at around 112 eV induced by neutron capture. The measurement was performed with a CaWO$_4$ cryogenic detector from the NUCLEUS experiment exposed to a $^{252}$Cf source placed in a compact moderator. The measured spectrum is found in agreement with simulations and the expected peak structure from the single-$\gamma$ de-excitation of $^{183}$W is identified with 3 $\sigma$ significance. This result demonstrates a new method for precise, in-situ, and non-intrusive calibration of low-threshold experiments.
Published: 2022
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11. Search for keV-scale Sterile Neutrinos with first KATRIN Data

Author: Aker, M., Batzler, D., Beglarian, A., Behrens, J., Berlev, A., Besserer, U., Bieringer, B., Block, F., Bobien, S., Bornschein, B., Bornschein, L., Böttcher, M., Brunst, T., Caldwell, T. S., Carney, R. M. D., Chilingaryan, S., Choi, W., Debowski, K., Descher, M., Barrero, D. Díaz, Doe, P. J., Dragoun, O., Drexlin, G., Edzards, F., Eitel, K., Ellinger, E., Engel, R., Enomoto, S., Felden, A., Formaggio, J. A., Fränkle, F. M., Franklin, G. B., Friedel, F., Fulst, A., Gauda, K., Gavin, A. S., Gil, W., Glück, F., Grössle, R., Gumbsheimer, R., Hannen, V., Haußmann, N., Helbing, K., Hickford, S., Hiller, R., Hillesheimer, D., Hinz, D., Höhn, T., Houdy, T., Huber, A., Jansen, A., Karl, C., Kellerer, J., Kleifges, M., Klein, M., Köhler, C., Köllenberger, L., Kopmann, A., Korzeczek, M., Kovalík, A., Krasch, B., Krause, H., La Cascio, L., Lasserre, T., Le, T. L., Lebeda, O., Lehnert, B., Lokhov, A., Machatschek, M., Malcherek, E., Mark, M., Marsteller, A., Martin, E. L., Melzer, C., Mertens, S., Mostafa, J., Müller, K., Neumann, H., Niemes, S., Oelpmann, P., Parno, D. S., Poon, A. W. P., Poyato, J. M. L., Priester, F., Ráliš, J., Ramachandran, S., Robertson, R. G. H., Rodejohann, W., Rodenbeck, C., Röllig, M., Röttele, C., Ryšavý, M., Sack, R., Saenz, A., Salomon, R., Schäfer, P., Schimpf, L., Schlösser, M., Schlösser, K., Schlüter, L., Schneidewind, S., Schrank, M., Schwemmer, A., Šefčík, M., Sibille, V., Siegmann, D., Slezák, M., Spanier, F., Steidl, M., Sturm, M., Telle, H. H., Thorne, L. A., Thümmler, T., Titov, N., Tkachev, I., Urban, K., Valerius, K., Vénos, D., Hernández, A. P. Vizcaya, Weinheimer, C., Welte, S., Wendel, J., Wetter, M., Wiesinger, C., Wilkerson, J. F., Wolf, J., Wüstling, S., Wydra, J., Xu, W., Zadoroghny, S., and Zeller, G.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: In this work we present a keV-scale sterile-neutrino search with the first tritium data of the KATRIN experiment, acquired in the commissioning run in 2018. KATRIN performs a spectroscopic measurement of the tritium $\beta$-decay spectrum with the main goal of directly determining the effective electron anti-neutrino mass. During this commissioning phase a lower tritium activity facilitated the search for sterile neutrinos with a mass of up to $1.6\, \mathrm{keV}$. We do not find a signal and set an exclusion limit on the sterile-to-active mixing amplitude of down to $\sin^2\theta < 5\cdot10^{-4}$ ($95\,\%$ C.L.), improving current laboratory-based bounds in the sterile-neutrino mass range between 0.1 and $1.0\, \mathrm{keV}$.
Published: 2022

12. Search for Lorentz-Invariance Violation with the first KATRIN data

Author: Aker, M., Batzler, D., Beglarian, A., Behrens, J., Berlev, A., Besserer, U., Bieringer, B., Block, F., Bobien, S., Bornschein, B., Bornschein, L., Böttcher, M., Brunst, T., Caldwell, T. S., Carney, R. M. D., Chilingaryan, S., Choi, W., Debowski, K., Deffert, M., Descher, M., Barrero, D. Díaz, Doe, P. J., Dragoun, O., Drexlin, G., Edzards, F., Eitel, K., Ellinger, E., Engel, R., Enomoto, S., Felden, A., Formaggio, J. A., Fränkle, F. M., Franklin, G. B., Friedel, F., Fulst, A., Gauda, K., Gavin, A. S., Gil, W., Glück, F., Grössle, R., Gumbsheimer, R., Hannen, V., Haußmann, N., Helbing, K., Hickford, S., Hiller, R., Hillesheimer, D., Hinz, D., Höhn, T., Houdy, T., Huber, A., Jansen, A., Karl, C., Kellerer, J., Kleifges, M., Klein, M., Köhler, C., Köllenberger, L., Kopmann, A., Korzeczek, M., Kovalík, A., Krasch, B., Krause, H., La Cascio, L., Lasserre, T., Le, T. L., Lebeda, O., Lehnert, B., Lokhov, A., Machatschek, M., Malcherek, E., Mark, M., Marsteller, A., Martin, E. L., Melzer, C., Mertens, S., Mostafa, J., Müller, K., Neumann, H., Niemes, S., Oelpmann, P., Parno, D. S., Poon, A. W. P., Poyato, J. M. L., Priester, F., Ráliš, J., Ramachandran, S., Robertson, R. G. H., Rodejohann, W., Rodenbeck, C., Röllig, M., Röttele, C., Ryšavý, M., Sack, R., Saenz, A., Salomon, R., Schäfer, P., Schimpf, L., Schlösser, M., Schlösser, K., Schlüter, L., Schneidewind, S., Schrank, M., Schwemmer, A., Šefčík, M., Sibille, V., Siegmann, D., Slezák, M., Spanier, F., Steidl, M., Sturm, M., Telle, H. H., Thorne, L. A., Thümmler, T., Titov, N., Tkachev, I., Urban, K., Valerius, K., Vénos, D., Hernández, A. P. Vizcaya, Weinheimer, C., Welte, S., Wendel, J., Wetter, M., Wickles, J., Wiesinger, C., Wilkerson, J. F., Wolf, J., Wüstling, S., Wydra, J., Xu, W., Zadoroghny, S., and Zeller, G.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract: Some extensions of the Standard Model of Particle Physics allow for Lorentz invariance and Charge-Parity-Time (CPT)-invariance violations. In the neutrino sector strong constraints have been set by neutrino-oscillation and time-of-flight experiments. However, some Lorentz-invariance-violating parameters are not accessible via these probes. In this work, we focus on the parameters $(a_{\text{of}}^{(3)})_{00}$, $(a_{\text{of}}^{(3)})_{10}$ and $(a_{\text{of}}^{(3)})_{11}$ which would manifest themselves in a non-isotropic beta-decaying source as a sidereal oscillation and an overall shift of the spectral endpoint. Based on the data of the first scientific run of the KATRIN experiment, we set the first limit on $\left|(a_{\text{of}}^{(3)})_{11}\right|$ of $< 3.7\cdot10^{-6}$ GeV at 90\% confidence level. Moreover, we derive new constraints on $(a_{\text{of}}^{(3)})_{00}$ and $(a_{\text{of}}^{(3)})_{10}$.
Published: 2022
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13. Search for keV-scale sterile neutrinos with the first KATRIN data

Author: Aker, M, Batzler, D, Beglarian, A, Behrens, J, Berlev, A, Besserer, U, Bieringer, B, Block, F, Bobien, S, Bornschein, B, Bornschein, L, Böttcher, M, Brunst, T, Caldwell, TS, Chilingaryan, S, Choi, W, Debowski, K, Descher, M, Barrero, D Díaz, Doe, PJ, Dragoun, O, Drexlin, G, Edzards, F, Eitel, K, Ellinger, E, Engel, R, Enomoto, S, Felden, A, Formaggio, JA, Fränkle, FM, Franklin, GB, Friedel, F, Fulst, A, Gauda, K, Gavin, AS, Gil, W, Glück, F, Grössle, R, Gumbsheimer, R, Hannen, V, Haußmann, N, Helbing, K, Hickford, S, Hiller, R, Hillesheimer, D, Hinz, D, Höhn, T, Houdy, T, Huber, A, Jansen, A, Karl, C, Kellerer, J, Kleifges, M, Klein, M, Köhler, C, Köllenberger, L, Kopmann, A, Korzeczek, M, Kovalík, A, Krasch, B, Krause, H, La Cascio, L, Lasserre, T, Le, TL, Lebeda, O, Lehnert, B, Lokhov, A, Machatschek, M, Malcherek, E, Mark, M, Marsteller, A, Martin, EL, Melzer, C, Mertens, S, Mostafa, J, Müller, K, Neumann, H, Niemes, S, Oelpmann, P, Parno, DS, Poon, AWP, Poyato, JML, Priester, F, Ráliš, J, Ramachandran, S, Robertson, RGH, Rodejohann, W, Rodenbeck, C, Röllig, M, Röttele, C, Ryšavý, M, Sack, R, Saenz, A, Salomon, R, Schäfer, P, Schimpf, L, Schlösser, M, Schlösser, K, Schlüter, L, and Schneidewind, S
Subjects: Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Particle and High Energy Physics, Physical Sciences, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Quantum Physics, Nuclear & Particles Physics, Astronomical sciences, Atomic, molecular and optical physics, Particle and high energy physics
Abstract: In this work we present a keV-scale sterile-neutrino search with a low-tritium-activity data set of the KATRIN experiment, acquired in a commissioning run in 2018. KATRIN performs a spectroscopic measurement of the tritium β -decay spectrum with the main goal of directly determining the effective electron anti-neutrino mass. During this commissioning phase a lower tritium activity facilitated the measurement of a wider part of the tritium spectrum and thus the search for sterile neutrinos with a mass of up to 1.6keV . We do not find a signal and set an exclusion limit on the sterile-to-active mixing amplitude of sin 2θ< 5 × 10 - 4 (95 % C.L.) at a mass of 0.3 keV. This result improves current laboratory-based bounds in the sterile-neutrino mass range between 0.1 and 1.0 keV.
Published: 2023

14. KATRIN: Status and Prospects for the Neutrino Mass and Beyond

Author: Aker, M., Balzer, M., Batzler, D., Beglarian, A., Behrens, J., Berlev, A., Besserer, U., Biassoni, M., Bieringer, B., Block, F., Bobien, S., Bombelli, L., Bormann, D., Bornschein, B., Bornschein, L., Böttcher, M., Brofferio, C., Bruch, C., Brunst, T., Caldwell, T. S., Carminati, M., Carney, R. M. D., Chilingaryan, S., Choi, W., Cremonesi, O., Debowski, K., Descher, M., Barrero, D. Díaz, Doe, P. J., Dragoun, O., Drexlin, G., Edzards, F., Eitel, K., Ellinger, E., Engel, R., Enomoto, S., Felden, A., Fink, D., Fiorini, C., Formaggio, J. A., Forstner, C., Fränkle, F. M., Franklin, G. B., Friedel, F., Fulst, A., Gauda, K., Gavin, A. S., Gil, W., Glück, F., Grande, A., Grössle, R., Gugiatti, M., Gumbsheimer, R., Hannen, V., Hartmann, J., Haußmann, N., Helbing, K., Hickford, S., Hiller, R., Hillesheimer, D., Hinz, D., Höhn, T., Houdy, T., Huber, A., Jansen, A., Karl, C., Kellerer, J., King, P., Kleifges, M., Klein, M., Köhler, C., Köllenberger, L., Kopmann, A., Korzeczek, M., Kovalík, A., Krasch, B., Krause, H., Lasserre, T., La Cascio, L., Lebeda, O., Lechner, P., Lehnert, B., Le, T. L., Lokhov, A., Machatschek, M., Malcherek, E., Manfrin, D., Mark, M., Marsteller, A., Martin, E. L., Mazzola, E., Melzer, C., Mertens, S., Mostafa, J., Müller, K., Nava, A., Neumann, H., Niemes, S., Oelpmann, P., Onillon, A., Parno, D. S., Pavan, M., Pigliafreddo, A., Poon, A. W. P., Poyato, J. M. L., Pozzi, S., Priester, F., Puritscher, M., Radford, D. C., Ráliš, J., Ramachandran, S., Robertson, R. G. H., Rodejohann, W., Rodenbeck, C., Röllig, M., Röttele, C., Ryšavý, M., Sack, R., Saenz, A., Salomon, R. W. J., Schäfer, P., Schimpf, L., Schlösser, K., Schlösser, M., Schlüter, L., Schneidewind, S., Schrank, M., Schütz, A. K., Schwemmer, A., Sedlak, A., Šefčík, M., Sibille, V., Siegmann, D., Slezák, M., Spanier, F., Spreng, D., Steidl, M., Sturm, M., Telle, H. H., Thorne, L. A., Thümmler, T., Titov, N., Tkachev, I., Trigilio, P., Urban, K., Valerius, K., Vénos, D., Hernández, A. P. Vizcaya, Voigt, P., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, E., Welte, S., Wendel, J., Wiesinger, C., Wilkerson, J. F., Wolf, J., Wunderl, L., Wüstling, S., Wydra, J., Xu, W., Zadoroghny, S., and Zeller, G.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: The Karlsruhe Tritium Neutrino (KATRIN) experiment is designed to measure a high-precision integral spectrum of the endpoint region of T2 beta decay, with the primary goal of probing the absolute mass scale of the neutrino. After a first tritium commissioning campaign in 2018, the experiment has been regularly running since 2019, and in its first two measurement campaigns has already achieved a sub-eV sensitivity. After 1000 days of data-taking, KATRIN's design sensitivity is 0.2 eV at the 90% confidence level. In this white paper we describe the current status of KATRIN; explore prospects for measuring the neutrino mass and other physics observables, including sterile neutrinos and other beyond-Standard-Model hypotheses; and discuss research-and-development projects that may further improve the KATRIN sensitivity., Comment: Contribution to Snowmass 2021. 70 pages excluding references; 35 figures. Author list updated June 2023
Published: 2022
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15. Coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering: Terrestrial and astrophysical applications

Author: Abdullah, M., Abele, H., Akimov, D., Angloher, G., Aristizabal-Sierra, D., Augier, C., Balantekin, A. B., Balogh, L., Barbeau, P. S., Baudis, L., Baxter, A. L., Beaufort, C., Beaulieu, G., Belov, V., Bento, A., Berge, L., Bernardi, I. A., Billard, J., Bolozdynya, A., Bonhomme, A., Bres, G., Bret, J-. L., Broniatowski, A., Brossard, A., Buck, C., Cadeddu, M., Calvo, M., Canonica, L., Cappella, F., Cardani, L., Casali, N., Cazes, A., Cerulli, R., Chaize, D., Chang, C., Chapellier, M., Chaplinsky, L., Chemin, G., Chen, R., Colantoni, I., Colas, J., Coloma, P., Corcoran, E. C., Crawford, S., Cruciani, A., Fard, A. Dastgheibi, De Jesus, M., de Marcillac, P., De Romeri, V., del Castello, G., del GalloRoccagiovine, M., Delicato, D., Demarteau, M., Deng, Y., Dent, J. B., Denton, P. B., Dering, K., Doblhammer, A., Dordei, F., Dorer, S., Dumoulin, L., Dunford, D., Dutta, B., Erhart, A., Exshaw, O., Ferriol, S., Figueroa-Feliciano, E., Filippini, J. B., Flores, L . J., Formaggio, J. A., Friedl, M., Fuard, S., Gao, F., Garai, A., Garces, E. A., Gascon, J., Gehrlein, J., Gerbier, G., Ghete, V. M., Giomataris, I., Giroux, G., Giuliani, A., Giunti, C., Gorel, P., Goupy, C., Goupy, J., Goy, C., Green, M. P., Gros, M., Guerin, C., Guidi, V., Guillaudin, O., Guy, E., Ha, C., Hauff, D., Hakenmuller, J., Harrington, P. M., Hedges, S., Heine, S. T., Hertel, S., Heusch, M., Hoarau, C., Hoferichter, M., Hoppe, E. W., Hong, Z., Horiuchi, S., Huber, P., Ianigro, J. C., Jachowicz, N., Jericha, E., Jin, Y., Johnston, J. P., Juillard, A., Katsioulas, I., Kazarcev, S., Kaznacheeva, M., Kelly, F., Kelly, K. J., Kim, D., Kinast, A., Klinkenberg, L., Kluck, H., Knights, P., Ko, Y. J., Kosmas, T. S., Kwon, L., Lamblin, J., Lang, R. F., Langenkamper, A., Langrock, S., Lasserre, T., Lattaud, H., Lautridou, P., Lee, H. S., Lenardo, B. G., Lhuillier, D., Li, M., Li, S. C., Li, Y. F., Li, Z., Lindner, M., Liu, J., Loomba, D., Lubashevskiy, A., Machado, P. A. N., Mancuso, M., Maneschg, W., Markoff, D. M., Marnieros, S., Martin, R., Martin, R. D., Mauri, B., Mayer, D. W., Mazzolari, A., Mazzucato, E., Menendez, J., Minet, J., Miranda, O. G., Misiak, D., Mols, J. -P., Monfardini, A., Mounier, F., Muraz, J. F., Neep, T., Neilson, R., Newby, J., Newstead, J. L., Neyrial, H., Ni, K., Nikolopoulos, K., Nones, C., Norcini, D., Pandey, V., O'Brien, P., O'Hare, C. A. J., Oberauer, L., Oliver, W., Olivieri, E., Onillon, A., Oriol, C., Ortmann, T., Owen, R., Palladino, K. J., Papoulias, D. K., Park, J. C., Parno, D. S., Patel, P. K., Pattavina, L., Peinado, E., Perbet, E., Peters, L., Petricca, F., Pinckney, H. D., Piro, M. -C., Ponomarev, D., Poda, D., Potzel, W., Probst, F., Pucci, F., Rarbi, F., Rapp, R., Ray, H., Real, J. -S., Reindl, F., Rich, G. C., Ricol, J. S., Rink, T., Redon, T., Rogly, R., Robert, A., Rothe, J., Rozov, S., Rozova, I., Salagnac, T., Garcia, E. Sanchez, Garcia, G. Sanchez, Sanders, O., Sanglard, V., Santos, D., Sarkis, Y., Savu, V., Savvidis, G., Savvidis, I., Schermer, N., Schieck, J., Schmidt, B., Schonert, S., Scholberg, K., Schwenk, A., Schwertner, C., Scola, L., Shevchik, Ye., Shin, S., Sibille, V., Shoemaker, I. M., Snowden-Ifft, D. P., Soldner, T., Soum, G., Spooner, N. J. C., Stachurska, J., Stodolsky, L., Strauss, R., Strigari, L. E., Stutz, A., Suh, B. D., Suhonen, J., Tabrizi, Z., Takhistov, V., Thompson, A., Tomei, C., Tortola, M., Tripathi, M., Vagneron, L., Valle, J. W. F., Mirbach, K. v., Van De Ponteseele, W., Vignati, M., Vivier, M., Fernandez, F. Vazquez de Sola, Vezzu, F., Vidal, M., Wagner, V., Walker, J. W., Ward, R., Wex, A., Winslow, L., Wong, H. T., Wood, M. H., Xu, J., Yang, L., Yakushev, E., Zampaolo, M., Zettlemoyer, J., Zhang, Y. Y., and Zinatulina, D.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: Coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering (CE$\nu$NS) is a process in which neutrinos scatter on a nucleus which acts as a single particle. Though the total cross section is large by neutrino standards, CE$\nu$NS has long proven difficult to detect, since the deposited energy into the nucleus is $\sim$ keV. In 2017, the COHERENT collaboration announced the detection of CE$\nu$NS using a stopped-pion source with CsI detectors, followed up the detection of CE$\nu$NS using an Ar target. The detection of CE$\nu$NS has spawned a flurry of activities in high-energy physics, inspiring new constraints on beyond the Standard Model (BSM) physics, and new experimental methods. The CE$\nu$NS process has important implications for not only high-energy physics, but also astrophysics, nuclear physics, and beyond. This whitepaper discusses the scientific importance of CE$\nu$NS, highlighting how present experiments such as COHERENT are informing theory, and also how future experiments will provide a wealth of information across the aforementioned fields of physics., Comment: contribution to Snowmasss 2021. Contact authors: P. S. Barbeau, R. Strauss, L. E. Strigari
Published: 2022

16. White Paper on Light Sterile Neutrino Searches and Related Phenomenology

Author: Acero, M. A., Argüelles, C. A., Hostert, M., Kalra, D., Karagiorgi, G., Kelly, K. J., Littlejohn, B., Machado, P., Pettus, W., Toups, M., Ross-Lonergan, M., Sousa, A., Surukuchi, P. T., Wong, Y. Y. Y., Abdallah, W., Abdullahi, A. M., Akutsu, R., Alvarez-Ruso, L., Alves, D. S. M., Aurisano, A., Balantekin, A. B., Berryman, J. M., Bertólez-Martínez, T., Brunner, J., Blennow, M., Bolognesi, S., Borusinski, M., Cianci, D., Collin, G., Conrad, J. M., Crow, B., Denton, P. B., Duvall, M., Fernández-Martinez, E., Fong, C. S., Foppiani, N., Forero, D. V., Friend, M., García-Soto, A., Giganti, C., Giunti, C., Gandhi, R., Ghosh, M., Hardin, J., Heeger, K. M., Ishitsuka, M., Izmaylov, A., Jones, B. J. P., Jordan, J. R., Kamp, N. W., Katori, T., Kim, S. B., Koerner, L. W., Lamoureux, M., Lasserre, T., Leach, K. G., Learned, J., Li, Y. F., Link, J. M., Louis, W. C., Mahn, K., Meyers, P. D., Maricic, J., Marko, D., Maruyama, T., Mertens, S., Minakata, H., Mocioiu, I., Mooney, M., Moulai, M. H., Nunokawa, H., Ochoa-Ricoux, J. P., Oh, Y. M., Ohlsson, T., Päs, H., Pershey, D., Robertson, R. G. H., Rosauro-Alcaraz, S., Rott, C., Roy, S., Salvado, J., Scott, M., Seo, S. H., Shaevitz, M. H., Smiley, M., Spitz, J., Stachurska, J., Thakore, T., Ternes, C. A., Thompson, A., Tseng, S., Vogelaar, B., Weiss, T., Wendell, R. A., Wright, T., Xin, Z., Yang, B. S., Yoo, J., Zennamo, J., Zettlemoyer, J., Zornoza, J. D., Ahmad, S., Basto-Gonzalez, V. S., Bowden, N. S., Cañas, B. C., Caratelli, D., Chang, C. V., Chen, C., Classen, T., Convery, M., Davies, G. S., Dennis, S. R., Djurcic, Z., Dorrill, R., Du, Y., Evans, J. J., Fahrendholz, U., Formaggio, J. A., Foust, B. T., Gatti, H. Frandini, Garcia-Gamez, D., Gariazzo, S., Gehrlein, J., Grant, C., Gomes, R. A., Hansell, A. B., Halzen, F., Ho, S., Zink, J. Hoefken, Jones, R. S., Kunkle, P., Li, J. -Y., Li, S. C., Luo, X., Malyshkin, Yu., Massaro, D., Mastbaum, A., Mohanta, R., Mumm, H. P., Nebot-Guinot, M., Neilson, R., Ni, K., Nieves, J., Gann, G. D. Orebi, Pandey, V., Pascoli, S., Qian, X., Rajaoalisoa, M., Roca, C., Roskovec, B., Saul-Sala, E., Saldaña, L., Scholberg, K., Shakya, B., Slocum, P. L., Snider, E. L., Steiger, H. Th. J., Steklain, A. F., Stock, M. R., Sutanto, F., Takhistov, V., Tsai, Y. -D., Tsai, Y. -T., Venegas-Vargas, D., Wallbank, M., Wang, E., Weatherly, P., Westerdale, S., Worcester, E., Wu, W., Yang, G., and Zamorano, B.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: This white paper provides a comprehensive review of our present understanding of experimental neutrino anomalies that remain unresolved, charting the progress achieved over the last decade at the experimental and phenomenological level, and sets the stage for future programmatic prospects in addressing those anomalies. It is purposed to serve as a guiding and motivational "encyclopedic" reference, with emphasis on needs and options for future exploration that may lead to the ultimate resolution of the anomalies. We see the main experimental, analysis, and theory-driven thrusts that will be essential to achieving this goal being: 1) Cover all anomaly sectors -- given the unresolved nature of all four canonical anomalies, it is imperative to support all pillars of a diverse experimental portfolio, source, reactor, decay-at-rest, decay-in-flight, and other methods/sources, to provide complementary probes of and increased precision for new physics explanations; 2) Pursue diverse signatures -- it is imperative that experiments make design and analysis choices that maximize sensitivity to as broad an array of these potential new physics signatures as possible; 3) Deepen theoretical engagement -- priority in the theory community should be placed on development of standard and beyond standard models relevant to all four short-baseline anomalies and the development of tools for efficient tests of these models with existing and future experimental datasets; 4) Openly share data -- Fluid communication between the experimental and theory communities will be required, which implies that both experimental data releases and theoretical calculations should be publicly available; and 5) Apply robust analysis techniques -- Appropriate statistical treatment is crucial to assess the compatibility of data sets within the context of any given model., Comment: Contribution to Snowmass 2021 by the NF02 Topical Group (Understanding Experimental Neutrino Anomalies). Published in J. Phys. G as a Major Report
Published: 2022
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17. KATRIN: status and prospects for the neutrino mass and beyond

Author: Aker, M, Balzer, M, Batzler, D, Beglarian, A, Behrens, J, Berlev, A, Besserer, U, Biassoni, M, Bieringer, B, Block, F, Bobien, S, Bombelli, L, Bormann, D, Bornschein, B, Bornschein, L, Böttcher, M, Brofferio, C, Bruch, C, Brunst, T, Caldwell, TS, Carminati, M, Carney, RMD, Chilingaryan, S, Choi, W, Cremonesi, O, Debowski, K, Descher, M, Barrero, D Díaz, Doe, PJ, Dragoun, O, Drexlin, G, Edzards, F, Eitel, K, Ellinger, E, Engel, R, Enomoto, S, Felden, A, Fink, D, Fiorini, C, Formaggio, JA, Forstner, C, Fränkle, FM, Franklin, GB, Friedel, F, Fulst, A, Gauda, K, Gavin, AS, Gil, W, Glück, F, Grande, A, Grössle, R, Gugiatti, M, Gumbsheimer, R, Hannen, V, Hartmann, J, Haußmann, N, Helbing, K, Hickford, S, Hiller, R, Hillesheimer, D, Hinz, D, Höhn, T, Houdy, T, Huber, A, Jansen, A, Karl, C, Kellerer, J, King, P, Kleifges, M, Klein, M, Köhler, C, Köllenberger, L, Kopmann, A, Korzeczek, M, Kovalík, A, Krasch, B, Krause, H, Lasserre, T, La Cascio, L, Lebeda, O, Lechner, P, Lehnert, B, Le, TL, Lokhov, A, Machatschek, M, Malcherek, E, Manfrin, D, Mark, M, Marsteller, A, Martin, EL, Mazzola, E, Melzer, C, Mertens, S, Mostafa, J, Müller, K, Nava, A, Neumann, H, Niemes, S, Oelpmann, P, and Onillon, A
Subjects: Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Particle and High Energy Physics, Physical Sciences, neutrino, neutrino mass, sterile neutrino, tritium beta decay, krypton, beyond standard model, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Nuclear & Particles Physics, Nuclear and plasma physics, Particle and high energy physics
Abstract: The Karlsruhe Tritium Neutrino (KATRIN) experiment is designed to measure a high-precision integral spectrum of the endpoint region of T2 β decay, with the primary goal of probing the absolute mass scale of the neutrino. After a first tritium commissioning campaign in 2018, the experiment has been regularly running since 2019, and in its first two measurement campaigns has already achieved a sub-eV sensitivity. After 1000 days of data-taking, KATRIN’s design sensitivity is 0.2 eV at the 90% confidence level. In this white paper we describe the current status of KATRIN; explore prospects for measuring the neutrino mass and other physics observables, including sterile neutrinos and other beyond-Standard-Model hypotheses; and discuss research-and-development projects that may further improve the KATRIN sensitivity.
Published: 2022

18. New limits from microlensing on Galactic Black Holes in the mass range $10M_{\odot}<M<1000M_{\odot}$

Author: Blaineau, T., Moniez, M., Afonso, C., Albert, J. -N., Ansari, R., Aubourg, E., Coutures, C., Glicenstein, J. -F., Goldman, B., Hamadache, C., Lasserre, T., LeGuillou, L., Lesquoy, E., Magneville, C., Marquette, J. -B., Palanque-Delabrouille, N., Perdereau, O., Rich, J., Spiro, M., and Tisserand, P.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: We have searched for long duration microlensing events originating from intermediate mass Black Holes (BH) in the halo of the Milky Way, using archival data from EROS-2 and MACHO photometric surveys towards the Large Magellanic Cloud. We combined data from these two surveys to create a common database of light curves for 14.1 million objects in LMC, covering a total duration of 10.6 years, with flux series measured through four wide passbands. We have carried out a microlensing search on these light curves, complemented by the light curves of 22.7 million objects, observed by EROS-2 only or MACHO only over about 7 years, with flux series measured through only two passbands. A likelihood analysis, taking into account LMC self lensing and Milky Way disk contributions allows us to conclude that compact objects with masses in the range $10 - 100 M_{\odot}$ cannot make up more than $\sim 15\%$ of a standard halo total mass (at $95\%$ confidence level). Our analysis sensitivity weakens for heavier objects, although we still exclude that $\sim 50\%$ of the halo be made of $\sim 1000 M_{\odot}$ BHs. Combined with previous EROS results, an upper limit of $\sim 15\%$ of the total halo mass can be obtained for the contribution of compact halo objects in the mass range $10^{-6} - 10^2 M_{\odot}$., Comment: 9 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics
Published: 2022
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19. EXCESS workshop: Descriptions of rising low-energy spectra

Author: Adari, P., Aguilar-Arevalo, A., Amidei, D., Angloher, G., Armengaud, E., Augier, C., Balogh, L., Banik, S., Baxter, D., Beaufort, C., Beaulieu, G., Belov, V., Gal, Y. Ben, Benato, G., Benoît, A., Bento, A., Bergé, L., Bertolini, A., Bhattacharyya, R., Billard, J., Bloch, I. M., Botti, A., Breier, R., Bres, G., Bret, J-. L., Broniatowski, A., Brossard, A., Bucci, C., Bunker, R., Cababie, M., Calvo, M., Camus, P., Cancelo, G., Canonica, L., Cappella, F., Cardani, L., Caron, J. -F., Casali, N., del Castello, G., Cazes, A., Cerulli, R., Vergara, B. A. Cervantes, Chaize, D., Chapellier, M., Chaplinsky, L., Charlieux, F., Chaudhuri, M., Chavarria, A. E., Chemin, G., Chen, R., Chen, H., Chierchie, F., Colantoni, I., Colas, J., Cooley, J., Coquillat, J. -M., Corcoran, E. C., Crawford, S., Crisler, M., Cruciani, A., Cushman, P., D'Addabbo, A., D'Olivo, J. C., Dastgheibi-Fard, A., De Jésus, M., Deng, Y., Dent, J. B., Depaoli, E. L., Dering, K., Dharani, S., Di Lorenzo, S., Drlica-Wagner, A., Dumoulin, L., Durnford, D., Dutta, B., Einfalt, L., Erb, A., Erhart, A., Essig, R., Estrada, J., Etzion, E., Exshaw, O., Favela-Perez, F., Feilitzsch, F. v., Moroni, G. Fernandez, Iachellini, N. Ferreiro, Ferriol, S., Fichtinger, S., Figueroa-Feliciano, E., Filippini, J. -B., Filosofov, D., Formaggio, J. A., Friedl, M., Fuard, S., Fuchs, D., Fuss, A., Gaïor, R., Garai, A., Garrah, C., Gascon, J., Gerbier, G., Ghaith, M., Ghete, V. M., Gift, D., Giomataris, I., Giroux, G., Giuliani, A., Gorel, P., Gorla, P., Goupy, C., Goupy, J., Goy, C., Gros, M., Gros, P., Guardincerri, Y., Guerin, C., Guidi, V., Guillaudin, O., Gupta, S., Guy, E., Harrington, P., Hauff, D., Heine, S. T., Hertel, S. A., Holland, S. E., Hong, Z., Hoppe, E. W., Hossbach, T. W., Ianigro, J. -C., Iyer, V., Jastram, A., Ješkovský, M., Jin, Y., Jochum, J., Johnston, J. P., Juillard, A., Karaivanov, D., Kashyap, V., Katsioulas, I., Kazarcev, S., Kaznacheeva, M., Kelly, F., Kilminster, B., Kinast, A., Klinkenberg, L., Kluck, H., Knights, P., Korn, Y., Kraus, H., von Krosigk, B., Kubik, A., Kurinsky, N. A., Lamblin, J., Langenkämper, A., Langrock, S., Lasserre, T., Lattaud, H., Lautridou, P., Lawson, I., Lee, S. J., Lee, M., Letessier-Selvon, A., Lhuillier, D., Li, M., Lin, Y. -T., Lubashevskiy, A., Mahapatra, R., Maludze, S., Mancuso, M., Manthos, I., Marini, L., Marnieros, S., Martin, R. D., Matalon, A., Matthews, J., Mauri, B., Mayer, D. W., Mazzolari, A., Mazzucato, E., Theenhausen, H. Meyer zu, Michielin, E., Minet, J., Mirabolfathi, N., Mirbach, K. v., Misiak, D., Mitra, P., Mocellin, J-. L., Mohanty, B., Mokina, V., Mols, J. -P., Monfardini, A., Mounier, F., Munagavalasa, S., Muraz, J. -F., Navick, X. -F., Neep, T., Neog, H., Neyrial, H., Nikolopoulos, K., Nilima, A., Nones, C., Novati, V., O'Brien, P., Oberauer, L., Olivieri, E., Olmi, M., Onillon, A., Oriol, C., Orly, A., Orrell, J. L., Ortmann, T., Overman, C. T., Pagliarone, C., Palušová, V., Pari, P., Patel, P. K., Pattavina, L., Petricca, F., Piers, A., Pinckney, H. D., Piro, M. -C., Platt, M., Poda, D., Ponomarev, D., Potzel, W., Povinec, P., Pröbst, F., Privitera, P., Pucci, F., Ramanathan, K., Real, J. -S., Redon, T., Reindl, F., Ren, R., Robert, A., Da Rocha, J., Rodrigues, D., Rogly, R., Rothe, J., Rowe, N., Rozov, S., Rozova, I., Saab, T., Saffold, N., Salagnac, T., Sander, J., Sanglard, V., Santos, D., Sarkis, Y., Savu, V., Savvidis, G., Savvidis, I., Schönert, S., Schäffner, K., Schermer, N., Schieck, J., Schmidt, B., Schmiedmayer, D., Schwertner, C., Scola, L., Settimo, M., Shevchik, Ye., Sibille, V., Sidelnik, I., Singal, A., Smida, R., Haro, M. Sofo, Soldner, T., Stachurska, J., Stahlberg, M., Stefanazzi, L., Stodolsky, L., Strandhagen, C., Strauss, R., Stutz, A., Thomas, R., Thompson, A., Tiffenberg, J., Tomei, C., Traina, M., Uemura, S., Usherov, I., Vagneron, L., Van De Pontseele, W., Fernandez, F. A. Vazquez de Sola, Vidal, M., Vignati, M., Virto, A. L., Vivier, M., Volansky, T., Wagner, V., Wagner, F., Walker, J., Ward, R., Watkins, S. L., Wex, A., Willers, M., Wilson, M. J., Winslow, L., Yakushev, E., Yu, T. -T., Zampaolo, M., Zaytsev, A., Zema, V., Zinatulina, D., and Zolotarova, A.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: Many low-threshold experiments observe sharply rising event rates of yet unknown origins below a few hundred eV, and larger than expected from known backgrounds. Due to the significant impact of this excess on the dark matter or neutrino sensitivity of these experiments, a collective effort has been started to share the knowledge about the individual observations. For this, the EXCESS Workshop was initiated. In its first iteration in June 2021, ten rare event search collaborations contributed to this initiative via talks and discussions. The contributing collaborations were CONNIE, CRESST, DAMIC, EDELWEISS, MINER, NEWS-G, NUCLEUS, RICOCHET, SENSEI and SuperCDMS. They presented data about their observed energy spectra and known backgrounds together with details about the respective measurements. In this paper, we summarize the presented information and give a comprehensive overview of the similarities and differences between the distinct measurements. The provided data is furthermore publicly available on the workshop's data repository together with a plotting tool for visualization., Comment: 44 pages, 20 figures; Editors: A. Fuss, M. Kaznacheeva, F. Reindl, F. Wagner; updated copyright statements and funding information
Published: 2022
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20. New Constraint on the Local Relic Neutrino Background Overdensity with the First KATRIN Data Runs

Author: Aker, M., Batzler, D., Beglarian, A., Behrens, J., Berlev, A., Besserer, U., Bieringer, B., Block, F., Bobien, S., Bornschein, B., Bornschein, L., Böttcher, M., Brunst, T., Caldwell, T. S., Carney, R. M. D., Chilingaryan, S., Choi, W., Debowski, K., Descher, M., Barrero, D. Díaz, Doe, P. J., Dragoun, O., Drexlin, G., Edzards, F., Eitel, K., Ellinger, E., Engel, R., Enomoto, S., Felden, A., Formaggio, J. A., Fränkle, F. M., Franklin, G. B., Friedel, F., Fulst, A., Gauda, K., Gavin, A. S., Gil, W., Glück, F., Grössle, R., Gumbsheimer, R., Hannen, V., Haußmann, N., Helbing, K., Hickford, S., Hiller, R., Hillesheimer, D., Hinz, D., Höhn, T., Houdy, T., Huber, A., Jansen, A., Karl, C., Kellerer, F., Kellerer, J., Kleifges, M., Klein, M., Köhler, C., Köllenberger, L., Kopmann, A., Korzeczek, M., Kovalík, A., Krasch, B., Krause, H., La Cascio, L., Lasserre, T., Le, T. L., Lebeda, O., Lehnert, B., Lokhov, A., Machatschek, M., Malcherek, E., Mark, M., Marsteller, A., Martin, E. L., Melzer, C., Mertens, S., Mostafa, J., Müller, K., Neumann, H., Niemes, S., Oelpmann, P., Parno, D. S., Poon, A. W. P., Poyato, J. M. L., Priester, F., Ráliš, J., Ramachandran, S., Robertson, R. G. H., Rodejohann, W., Rodenbeck, C., Röllig, M., Röttele, C., Ryšavý, M., Sack, R., Saenz, A., Salomon, R., Schäfer, P., Schimpf, L., Schlösser, M., Schlösser, K., Schlüter, L., Schneidewind, S., Schrank, M., Schwemmer, A., Šefčík, M., Sibille, V., Siegmann, D., Slezák, M., Spanier, F., Steidl, M., Sturm, M., Telle, H. H., Thorne, L. A., Thümmler, T., Titov, N., Tkachev, I., Urban, K., Valerius, K., Vénos, D., Hernández, A. P. Vizcaya, Weinheimer, C., Welte, S., Wendel, J., Wetter, M., Wiesinger, C., Wilkerson, J. F., Wolf, J., Wüstling, S., Wydra, J., Xu, W., Zadoroghny, S., and Zeller, G.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: We report on the direct cosmic relic neutrino background search from the first two science runs of the KATRIN experiment in 2019. Beta-decay electrons from a high-purity molecular tritium gas source are analyzed by a high-resolution MAC-E filter around the kinematic endpoint at 18.57 keV. The analysis is sensitive to a local relic neutrino overdensity of 9.7e10 (1.1e11) at a 90% (95%) confidence level. A fit of the integrated electron spectrum over a narrow interval around the kinematic endpoint accounting for relic neutrino captures in the Tritium source reveals no significant overdensity. This work improves the results obtained by the previous kinematic neutrino mass experiments at Los Alamos and Troitsk. We furthermore update the projected final sensitivity of the KATRIN experiment to <1e10 at 90% confidence level, by relying on updated operational conditions., Comment: 7 pages, 7 figures
Published: 2022
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21. Development of a compact muon veto for the NUCLEUS experiment

Author: Wagner, V., Rogly, R., Erhart, A., Savu, V., Goupy, C., Lhuillier, D., Vivier, M., Klinkenberg, L., Angloher, G., Bento, A., Canonica, L., Cappella, F., Cardani, L., Casali, N., Cerulli, R., Colantoni, I., Cruciani, A., del Castello, G., Friedl, M., Garai, A., Ghete, V. M., Guidi, V., Hauff, D., Kaznacheeva, M., Kinast, A., Kluck, H., Langenkämper, A., Lasserre, T., Mancuso, M., Mauri, B., Mazzolari, A., Mazzucato, E., Neyrial, H., Nones, C., Oberauer, L., Onillon, A., Ortmann, T., Pattavina, L., Petricca, F., Potzel, W., Pröbst, F., Pucci, F., Reindl, F., Rothe, J., Schermer, N., Schieck, J., Schönert, S., Schwertner, C., Scola, L., Stodolsky, L., Strauss, R., Tomei, C., Mirbach, K. v., Vignati, M., and Wex, A.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: The NUCLEUS experiment aims to measure coherent elastic neutrino nucleus scattering of reactor anti-neutrinos using cryogenic calorimeters. Operating at an overburden of 3 m.w.e., muon-induced backgrounds are expected to be one of the dominant background contributions. Besides a high efficiency to identify muon events passing the experimental setup, the NUCLEUS muon veto has to fulfill tight spatial requirements to fit the constraints given by the experimental site and to minimize the induced detector dead-time. We developed highly efficient and compact muon veto modules based on plastic scintillators equipped with wavelength shifting fibers and silicon photo multipliers to collect and detect the scintillation light. In this paper, we present the full characterization of a prototype module with different light read-out configurations. We conclude that an efficient and compact muon veto system can be built for the NUCLEUS experiment from a cube assembly of the developed modules. Simulations show that an efficiency for muon identification of >99 % and an associated rate of 325 Hz is achievable, matching the requirements of the NUCLEUS experiment.
Published: 2022
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22. The Double Chooz antineutrino detectors

Author: Double Chooz Collaboration, de Kerret, H., Abe, Y., Aberle, C., Abrahão, T., Ahijado, J. M., Akiri, T., Alarcón, J. M., Alba, J., Almazan, H., Anjos, J. C. dos, Appel, S., Ardellier, F., Barabanov, I., Barriere, J. C., Baussan, E., Baxter, A., Bekman, I., Bergevin, M., Bernstein, A., Bertoli, W., Bezerra, T. J. C., Bezrukov, L., Blanco, C., Bleurvacq, N., Blucher, E., Bonet, H., Bongrand, M., Bowden, N. S, Brugière, T., Buck, C., Avanzini, M. Buizza, Busenitz, J., Cabrera, A., Calvo, E., Camilleri, L., Carr, R., Cazaux, S., Cela, J. M., Cerrada, M., Chang, P. J., Charon, P., Chauveau, E., Chimenti, P., Classen, T., Collin, A. P., Conover, E., Conrad, J. M, Cormon, S., Corpace, O., Courty, B., Crespo-Anadón, J. I., Cribier, M., Crum, K., Cuadrado, S., Cucoanes, A., D'Agostino, M., Damon, E., Dawson, J. V., Dazeley, S., Dierckxsens, M., Dietrich, D., Djurcic, Z., Dorigo, F., Dracos, M., Durand, V., Efremekov, Y., Elnimr, M., Etenko, A., Falk, E., Fallot, M., Fechner, M., Felde, J., Fernandes, S. M., Fernández-Bedoya, C., Francia, D., Franco, D., Fischer, V., Franke, A. J., Franke, M., Furuta, H., Garcia, F., Garcia, J., Gil-Botella, I., Giot, L., Givaudan, A., Göger-Neff, M., Gomez, H., Gonzalez, L. F. G., Goodenough, L., Goodman, M. C., Goon, J., Gramlich, B., Greiner, D., Guertin, A., Guillon, B., Habib, S. M., Haddad, Y., Hara, T., Hartmann, F. X., Hartnell, J., Haser, J., Hatzikoutelis, A., Hellwig, D., Hervé, S., Hofacker, R., Horton-Smith, G., Hourlier, A., Ishitsuka, M., Jänner, K., Jiménez, S., Jochum, J., Jollet, C., Kaether, F., Kale, K., Kalousis, L., Kamyshkov, Y., Kaneda, M., Kaplan, D. M., Karakac, M., Kawasaki, T., Kemp, E., Kibe, Y., Kirchner, T., Konno, T., Kryn, D., Kutter, T., Kuze, M., Lachenmaier, T., Lane, C. E., Langbrandtner, C., Lasserre, T., Lastoria, C., Latron, L., Leonardo, C., Letourneau, A., Lhuillier, D., Lima Jr, H. P., Lindner, M., López-Castaño, J. M., LoSecco, J. M., Lubsandorzhiev, B., Lucht, S., Maeda, J., Maesano, C. N., Mariani, C., Maricic, J., Marie, F., Martinez, J. J., Martino, J., Matsubara, T., McKee, D., Meigner, F., Mention, G., Meregaglia, A., Meyer, J. P., Miletic, T., Milincic, R., Millot, J. F., Minotti, A., Mirones, V., Miyata, H., Mueller, Th. A., Nagasaka, Y., Nakajima, K., Navas-Nicolás, D., Nikitenko, Y., Novella, P., Oberauer, L., Obolensky, M., Onillon, A., Oralbaev, A., Ostrovskiy, I., Palomares, C., Peeters, S. J. M., Pepe, I. M., Perasso, S., Perrin, P., Pfahler, P., Porta, A., Pronost, G., Puras, J. C., Quéval, R., Ramirez, J. L., Reichenbacher, J., Reinhold, B., Reissfelder, M., Remoto, A., Reyna, D., Rodriguez, I., Röhling, M., Roncin, R., Rudolf, N., Rybolt, B., Sakamoto, Y., Santorelli, R., Sato, F., Schwan, U., Scola, L., Settimo, M., Schönert, S., Schoppmann, S., Shaevitz, M. A., Sharankova, R., Sibille, V., Sida, J. L., Sinev, V., Shrestha, D., Skorokhvatov, M., Soldin, P., Spitz, J., Stahl, A., Stancu, I., Starzynski, P., Stock, M. R., Stokes, L. F. F., Strait, M., Stüken, A., Suekane, F., Sukhotin, S., Sumiyoshi, T., Sun, Y., Sun, Z., Svoboda, R., Tabata, H., Tamura, N., Terao, K., Tonazzo, A., Toral, F., Toups, M., Thi, H. Trinh, Valdivia, F., Valdiviesso, G., Vassilopoulos, N., Verdugo, A., Veyssiere, C., Viaud, B., Vignaud, D., Vivier, M., Wagner, S., Wiebusch, C., White, B., Winslow, L., Worcester, M., Wurm, M., Wurtz, J., Yang, G., Yáñez, J., Yermia, F., and Zbiri, K.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: This article describes the setup and performance of the near and far detectors in the Double Chooz experiment. The electron antineutrinos of the Chooz nuclear power plant were measured in two identically designed detectors with different average baselines of about 400 m and 1050 m from the two reactor cores. Over many years of data taking the neutrino signals were extracted from interactions in the detectors with the goal of measuring a fundamental parameter in the context of neutrino oscillation, the mixing angle {\theta}13. The central part of the Double Chooz detectors was a main detector comprising four cylindrical volumes filled with organic liquids. From the inside towards the outside there were volumes containing gadolinium-loaded scintillator, gadolinium-free scintillator, a buffer oil and, optically separated, another liquid scintillator acting as veto system. Above this main detector an additional outer veto system using plastic scintillator strips was installed. The technologies developed in Double Chooz were inspiration for several other antineutrino detectors in the field. The detector design allowed implementation of efficient background rejection techniques including use of pulse shape information provided by the data acquisition system. The Double Chooz detectors featured remarkable stability, in particular for the detected photons, as well as high radiopurity of the detector components., Comment: 49 pages, 29 figures
Published: 2022
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23. Improved eV-scale Sterile-Neutrino Constraints from the Second KATRIN Measurement Campaign

Author: Aker, M., Batzler, D., Beglarian, A., Behrens, J., Berlev, A., Besserer, U., Bieringer, B., Block, F., Bobien, S., Bornschein, B., Bornschein, L., Böttcher, M., Brunst, T., Caldwell, T. S., Carney, R. M. D., Chilingaryan, S., Choi, W., Debowski, K., Descher, M., Barrero, D. Díaz, Doe, P. J., Dragoun, O., Drexlin, G., Edzards, F., Eitel, K., Ellinger, E., Engel, R., Enomoto, S., Felden, A., Formaggio, J. A., Fränkle, F. M., Franklin, G. B., Friedel, F., Fulst, A., Gauda, K., Gavin, A. S., Gil, W., Glück, F., Grössle, R., Gumbsheimer, R., Hannen, V., Haußmann, N., Helbing, K., Hickford, S., Hiller, R., Hillesheimer, D., Hinz, D., Höhn, T., Houdy, T., Huber, A., Jansen, A., Karl, C., Kellerer, J., Kleifges, M., Klein, M., Köhler, C., Köllenberger, L., Kopmann, A., Korzeczek, M., Kovalík, A., Krasch, B., Krause, H., La Cascio, L., Lasserre, T., Le, T. L., Lebeda, O., Lehnert, B., Lokhov, A., Machatschek, M., Malcherek, E., Mark, M., Marsteller, A., Martin, E. L., Melzer, C., Mertens, S., Mostafa, J., Müller, K., Neumann, H., Niemes, S., Oelpmann, P., Parno, D. S., Poon, A. W. P., Poyato, J. M. L., Priester, F., Ráliš, J., Ramachandran, S., Robertson, R. G. H., Rodejohann, W., Rodenbeck, C., Röllig, M., Röttele, C., Ryšavý, M., Sack, R., Saenz, A., Salomon, R., Schäfer, P., Schimpf, L., Schlösser, M., Schlösser, K., Schlüter, L., Schneidewind, S., Schrank, M., Schwemmer, A., Šefčík, M., Sibille, V., Siegmann, D., Slezák, M., Spanier, F., Steidl, M., Sturm, M., Telle, H. H., Thorne, L. A., Thümmler, T., Titov, N., Tkachev, I., Urban, K., Valerius, K., Vénos, D., Hernández, A. P. Vizcaya, Weinheimer, C., Welte, S., Wendel, J., Wetter, M., Wiesinger, C., Wilkerson, J. F., Wolf, J., Wüstling, S., Wydra, J., Xu, W., Zadoroghny, S., and Zeller, G.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: We present the results of the light sterile neutrino search from the second KATRIN measurement campaign in 2019. Approaching nominal activity, $3.76 \times 10^6$ tritium $\beta$-electrons are analyzed in an energy window extending down to $40\,$eV below the tritium endpoint at $E_0 = 18.57\,$keV. We consider the $3\nu+1$ framework with three active and one sterile neutrino flavor. The analysis is sensitive to a fourth mass eigenstate $m_4^2\lesssim1600\,$eV$^2$ and active-to-sterile mixing $|U_{e4}|^2 \gtrsim 6 \times 10^{-3}$. As no sterile-neutrino signal was observed, we provide improved exclusion contours on $m_4^2$ and $|U_{e4}|^2$ at $95\,$% C.L. Our results supersede the limits from the Mainz and Troitsk experiments. Furthermore, we are able to exclude the large $\Delta m_{41}^2$ solutions of the reactor antineutrino and gallium anomalies to a great extent. The latter has recently been reaffirmed by the BEST collaboration and could be explained by a sterile neutrino with large mixing. While the remaining solutions at small $\Delta m_{41}^2$ are mostly excluded by short-baseline reactor experiments, KATRIN is the only ongoing laboratory experiment to be sensitive to relevant solutions at large $\Delta m_{41}^2$ through a robust spectral shape analysis., Comment: 14 pages, 8 figures, 2 tables
Published: 2022
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24. Short distance neutrino oscillations with Borexino

Author: Caminata A., Agostini M., Altenmüller K., Appel S., Bellini G., Benziger J., Berton N., Bick D., Bonfini G., Bravo D., Caccianiga B., Calaprice F., Cavalcante P., Chepurnov A., Cribier M., D'Angelo D., Davini S., Derbin A., Noto L. di, Durero M., Empl A., Etenko A., Farinon S., Fischer V., Fomenko K., Franco D., Gabriele F., Gaffiot J., Galbiati C., Ghiano C., Giammarchi M., Göger-Neff M., Goretti A., Gromov M., Hagner C., Houdy Th., Hungerford E., Ianni Aldo, Ianni Andrea, Jonquères N., Kaiser M., Kobychev V., Korablev D., Korga G., Kryn D., Lachenmaier T., Lasserre T., Laubenstein M., Lehnert B., Link J., Litvinovich E., Lombardi F., Lombardi P., Ludhova L., Lukyanchenko G., Machulin I., Maneschg W., Marcocci S., Maricic J., Mention G., Meroni E., Meyer M., Miramonti L., Misiaszek M., Montuschi M., Muratova V., Musenich R., Neumair B., Oberauer L., Obolensky M., Ortica F., Pallavicini M., Papp L., Perasso L., Pocar A., Ranucci G., Razeto A., Re A., Romani A., Rossi N., Schönert S., Scola L., Simgen H., Skorokhvatov M., Smirnov O., Sotnikov A., Sukhotin S., Suvorov Y., Tartaglia R., Testera G., Veyssière C., Vivier M., Vogelaar R.B., Feilitzsch F. von, Wang H., Winter J., Wojcik M., Wurm M., Zaimidoroga O., Zavatarelli S., Zuber K., and Zuzel G.
Subjects: Physics, QC1-999
Abstract: The Borexino detector has convincingly shown its outstanding performances in the low energy, sub-MeV regime through its unprecedented accomplishments in the solar and geo-neutrinos detection. These performances make it the ideal tool to accomplish a state-of-the-art experiment able to test unambiguously the long-standing issue of the existence of a sterile neutrino, as suggested by the several anomalous results accumulated over the past two decades, i.e. the outputs of the LSND and Miniboone experiments, the results of the source calibration of the two Gallium solar neutrino experiments, and the recently hinted reactor anomaly. The SOX project will exploit two sources, based on Chromium and Cerium, respectively, which deployed under the experiment, in a location foreseen on purpose at the time of the construction of the detector, will emit two intense beams of neutrinos (Cr) and anti-neutrinos (Ce). Interacting in the active volume of the liquid scintillator, each beam would create an unmistakable spatial wave pattern in case of oscillation of the νe (or ν̅e) into the sterile state: such a pattern would be the smoking gun proving the existence of the new sterile member of the neutrino family. Otherwise, its absence will allow setting a very stringent limit on its existence.
Published: 2016
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25. New limits from microlensing on Galactic black holes in the mass range 10 M⊙ < M < 1000 M⊙

Author: Blaineau, T, Moniez, M, Afonso, C, Albert, J-N, Ansari, R, Aubourg, E, Coutures, C, Glicenstein, J-F, Goldman, B, Hamadache, C, Lasserre, T, Le Guillou, L, Lesquoy, E, Magneville, C, Marquette, J-B, Palanque-Delabrouille, N, Perdereau, O, Rich, J, Spiro, M, and Tisserand, P
Subjects: Astronomical Sciences, Physical Sciences, Astronomical and Space Sciences, Astronomy & Astrophysics, Astronomical sciences, Particle and high energy physics, Space sciences
Abstract: We searched for long-duration microlensing events originating from intermediate-mass black holes (BH) in the halo of the Milky Way, using archival data from the EROS-2 and MACHO photometric surveys towards the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC). We combined data from these two surveys to create a common database of light curves for 14.1 million objects in the LMC, covering a total duration of 10.6 years, with flux series measured in four wide passbands. We carried out a microlensing search on these light curves, complemented by the light curves of 22.7 million objects, observed only by EROS-2 or only by MACHO, over about 7 years, with flux series measured in only two passbands. A likelihood analysis, taking into account the LMC self-lensing and Milky Way disk contributions, allows us to conclude that compact objects with masses in the range 10-100 M cannot make up more than ~15% of a standard halo total mass (at a 95% confidence level). Our analysis sensitivity weakens for heavier objects, although we still rule out the possibility of ~50% of the halo being made of ~1000 M BHs. Combined with previous EROS results, an upper limit of ~15% of the total halo mass can be obtained for the contribution of compact halo objects in the mass range 10-6-102 M.
Published: 2022

26. New Constraint on the Local Relic Neutrino Background Overdensity with the First KATRIN Data Runs

Author: Aker, M, Batzler, D, Beglarian, A, Behrens, J, Berlev, A, Besserer, U, Bieringer, B, Block, F, Bobien, S, Bornschein, B, Bornschein, L, Böttcher, M, Brunst, T, Caldwell, TS, Carney, RMD, Chilingaryan, S, Choi, W, Debowski, K, Descher, M, Barrero, D Díaz, Doe, PJ, Dragoun, O, Drexlin, G, Edzards, F, Eitel, K, Ellinger, E, Engel, R, Enomoto, S, Felden, A, Formaggio, JA, Fränkle, FM, Franklin, GB, Friedel, F, Fulst, A, Gauda, K, Gavin, AS, Gil, W, Glück, F, Grössle, R, Gumbsheimer, R, Hannen, V, Haußmann, N, Helbing, K, Hickford, S, Hiller, R, Hillesheimer, D, Hinz, D, Höhn, T, Houdy, T, Huber, A, Jansen, A, Karl, C, Kellerer, F, Kellerer, J, Kleifges, M, Klein, M, Köhler, C, Köllenberger, L, Kopmann, A, Korzeczek, M, Kovalík, A, Krasch, B, Krause, H, La Cascio, L, Lasserre, T, Le, TL, Lebeda, O, Lehnert, B, Lokhov, A, Machatschek, M, Malcherek, E, Mark, M, Marsteller, A, Martin, EL, Melzer, C, Mertens, S, Mostafa, J, Müller, K, Neumann, H, Niemes, S, Oelpmann, P, Parno, DS, Poon, AWP, Poyato, JML, Priester, F, Ráliš, J, Ramachandran, S, Robertson, RGH, Rodejohann, W, Rodenbeck, C, Röllig, M, Röttele, C, Ryšavý, M, Sack, R, Saenz, A, Salomon, R, Schäfer, P, Schimpf, L, Schlösser, M, and Schlösser, K
Subjects: Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Particle and High Energy Physics, Physical Sciences, KATRIN Collaboration, Mathematical Sciences, Engineering, General Physics, Mathematical sciences, Physical sciences
Abstract: We report on the direct search for cosmic relic neutrinos using data acquired during the first two science campaigns of the KATRIN experiment in 2019. Beta-decay electrons from a high-purity molecular tritium gas source are analyzed by a high-resolution MAC-E filter around the end point at 18.57 keV. The analysis is sensitive to a local relic neutrino overdensity ratio of η
Published: 2022

27. A plastic scintillation muon veto for sub-Kelvin temperatures

Author: Erhart, A., Wagner, V., Wex, A., Goupy, C., Lhuillier, D., Namuth, E., Nones, C., Rogly, R., Savu, V., Schwarz, M., Strauss, R., Vivier, M., Abele, H., Angloher, G., Bento, A., Burkhart, J., Canonica, L., Cappella, F., Casali, N., Cerulli, R., Cruciani, A., del Castello, G., del Gallo Roccagiovine, M., Doblhammer, A., Dorer, S., Friedl, M., Garai, A., Ghete, V. M., Hauff, D., Jeanneau, F., Jericha, E., Kaznacheeva, M., Kinast, A., Kluck, H., Langenkämper, A., Lasserre, T., Mancuso, M., Martin, R., Mauri, B., Mazzolari, A., Mazzucato, E., Neyrial, H., Oberauer, L., Ortmann, T., Pattavina, L., Peters, L., Petricca, F., Potzel, W., Pröbst, F., Pucci, F., Reindl, F., Romagnoni, M., Rothe, J., Schermer, N., Schieck, J., Schönert, S., Schwertner, C., Scola, L., Soum-Sidikov, G., Stodolsky, L., Tamisari, M., Tomei, C., and Vignati, M.
Published: 2024
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28. Improved eV-scale sterile-neutrino constraints from the second KATRIN measurement campaign

Author: Aker, M, Batzler, D, Beglarian, A, Behrens, J, Berlev, A, Besserer, U, Bieringer, B, Block, F, Bobien, S, Bornschein, B, Bornschein, L, Böttcher, M, Brunst, T, Caldwell, TS, Carney, RMD, Chilingaryan, S, Choi, W, Debowski, K, Descher, M, Barrero, D Díaz, Doe, PJ, Dragoun, O, Drexlin, G, Edzards, F, Eitel, K, Ellinger, E, Engel, R, Enomoto, S, Felden, A, Formaggio, JA, Fränkle, FM, Franklin, GB, Friedel, F, Fulst, A, Gauda, K, Gavin, AS, Gil, W, Glück, F, Grössle, R, Gumbsheimer, R, Hannen, V, Haußmann, N, Helbing, K, Hickford, S, Hiller, R, Hillesheimer, D, Hinz, D, Höhn, T, Houdy, T, Huber, A, Jansen, A, Karl, C, Kellerer, J, Kleifges, M, Klein, M, Köhler, C, Köllenberger, L, Kopmann, A, Korzeczek, M, Kovalík, A, Krasch, B, Krause, H, La Cascio, L, Lasserre, T, Le, TL, Lebeda, O, Lehnert, B, Lokhov, A, Machatschek, M, Malcherek, E, Mark, M, Marsteller, A, Martin, EL, Melzer, C, Mertens, S, Mostafa, J, Müller, K, Neumann, H, Niemes, S, Oelpmann, P, Parno, DS, Poon, AWP, Poyato, JML, Priester, F, Ráliš, J, Ramachandran, S, Robertson, RGH, Rodejohann, W, Rodenbeck, C, Röllig, M, Röttele, C, Ryšavý, M, Sack, R, Saenz, A, Salomon, R, Schäfer, P, Schimpf, L, Schlösser, M, Schlösser, K, and Schlüter, L
Subjects: Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Particle and High Energy Physics, Physical Sciences, Astronomical and Space Sciences, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Quantum Physics, Nuclear & Particles Physics, Mathematical physics, Astronomical sciences, Particle and high energy physics
Abstract: We present the results of the light sterile neutrino search from the second Karlsruhe Tritium Neutrino (KATRIN) measurement campaign in 2019. Approaching nominal activity, 3.76×106 tritium β-electrons are analyzed in an energy window extending down to 40 eV below the tritium end point at E0=18.57 keV. We consider the 3ν+1 framework with three active and one sterile neutrino flavors. The analysis is sensitive to a fourth mass eigenstate m42≲1600 eV2 and active-to-sterile mixing |Ue4|2≳6×10-3. As no sterile-neutrino signal was observed, we provide improved exclusion contours on m42 and |Ue4|2 at 95% C.L. Our results supersede the limits from the Mainz and Troitsk experiments. Furthermore, we are able to exclude the large Δm412 solutions of the reactor antineutrino and gallium anomalies to a great extent. The latter has recently been reaffirmed by the BEST Collaboration and could be explained by a sterile neutrino with large mixing. While the remaining solutions at small Δm412 are mostly excluded by short-baseline reactor experiments, KATRIN is the only ongoing laboratory experiment to be sensitive to relevant solutions at large Δm412 through a robust spectral shape analysis.
Published: 2022

29. Direct neutrino-mass measurement with sub-electronvolt sensitivity

Author: Aker, M, Beglarian, A, Behrens, J, Berlev, A, Besserer, U, Bieringer, B, Block, F, Bobien, S, Boettcher, M, Bornschein, B, Bornschein, L, Brunst, T, Caldwell, TS, Carney, RMD, La Cascio, L, Chilingaryan, S, Choi, W, Debowski, K, Deffert, M, Descher, M, Barrero, D Diaz, Doe, PJ, Dragoun, O, Drexlin, G, Eitel, K, Ellinger, E, Engel, R, Enomoto, S, Felden, A, Formaggio, JA, Fraenkle, FM, Franklin, GB, Friedel, F, Fulst, A, Gauda, K, Gil, W, Glueck, F, Groessle, R, Gumbsheimer, R, Gupta, V, Hoehn, T, Hannen, V, Haussmann, N, Helbing, K, Hickford, S, Hiller, R, Hillesheimer, D, Hinz, D, Houdy, T, Huber, A, Jansen, A, Karl, C, Kellerer, F, Kellerer, J, Kleifges, M, Klein, M, Koehler, C, Koellenberger, L, Kopmann, A, Korzeczek, M, Kovalik, A, Krasch, B, Krause, H, Kunka, N, Lasserre, T, Le, TL, Lebeda, O, Lehnert, B, Lokhov, A, Machatschek, M, Malcherek, E, Mark, M, Marsteller, A, Martin, EL, Melzer, C, Menshikov, A, Mertens, S, Mostafa, J, Mueller, K, Neumann, H, Niemes, S, Oelpmann, P, Parno, DS, Poon, AWP, Poyato, JML, Priester, F, Ramachandran, S, Robertson, RGH, Rodejohann, W, Roellig, M, Roettele, C, Rodenbeck, C, Rysavy, M, Sack, R, Saenz, A, Schaefer, P, Pollithy, A Schaller Nee, Schimpf, L, Schloesser, K, and Schloesser, M
Subjects: Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Particle and High Energy Physics, Physical Sciences, Mathematical Sciences, Fluids & Plasmas, Mathematical sciences, Physical sciences
Abstract: Since the discovery of neutrino oscillations, we know that neutrinos have non-zero mass. However, the absolute neutrino-mass scale remains unknown. Here we report the upper limits on effective electron anti-neutrino mass, mν, from the second physics run of the Karlsruhe Tritium Neutrino experiment. In this experiment, mν is probed via a high-precision measurement of the tritium β-decay spectrum close to its endpoint. This method is independent of any cosmological model and does not rely on assumptions whether the neutrino is a Dirac or Majorana particle. By increasing the source activity and reducing the background with respect to the first physics campaign, we reached a sensitivity on mν of 0.7 eV c–2 at a 90% confidence level (CL). The best fit to the spectral data yields mν2 = (0.26 ± 0.34) eV2 c–4, resulting in an upper limit of mν < 0.9 eV c–2 at 90% CL. By combining this result with the first neutrino-mass campaign, we find an upper limit of mν < 0.8 eV c–2 at 90% CL.
Published: 2022

30. First direct neutrino-mass measurement with sub-eV sensitivity

Author: Aker, M., Beglarian, A., Behrens, J., Berlev, A., Besserer, U., Bieringer, B., Block, F., Bornschein, B., Bornschein, L., Böttcher, M., Brunst, T., Caldwell, T. S., Carney, R. M. D., La Cascio, L., Chilingaryan, S., Choi, W., Debowski, K., Deffert, M., Descher, M., Barrero, D. Díaz, Doe, P. J., Dragoun, O., Drexlin, G., Eitel, K., Ellinger, E., Engel, R., Enomoto, S., Felden, A., Formaggio, J. A., Fränkle, F. M., Franklin, G. B., Friedel, F., Fulst, A., Gauda, K., Gil, W., Glück, F., Grössle, R., Gumbsheimer, R., Gupta, V., Höhn, T., Hannen, V., Haußmann, N., Helbing, K., Hickford, S., Hiller, R., Hillesheimer, D., Hinz, D., Houdy, T., Huber, A., Jansen, A., Karl, C., Kellerer, F., Kellerer, J., Klein, M., Köhler, C., Köllenberger, L., Kopmann, A., Korzeczek, M., Kovalík, A., Krasch, B., Krause, H., Kunka, N., Lasserre, T., Le, T. L., Lebeda, O., Lehnert, B., Lokhov, A., Machatschek, M., Malcherek, E., Mark, M., Marsteller, A., Martin, E. L., Melzer, C., Menshikov, A., Mertens, S., Mostafa, J., Müller, K., Niemes, S., Oelpmann, P., Parno, D. S., Poon, A. W. P., Poyato, J. M. L., Priester, F., Röllig, M., Röttele, C., Robertson, R. G. H., Rodejohann, W., Rodenbeck, C., Ryšavý, M., Sack, R., Saenz, A., Schäfer, P., Schaller, A., Schimpf, L., Schlösser, K., Schlösser, M., Schlüter, L., Schneidewind, S., Schrank, M., Schulz, B., Schwemmer, A., Šefčík, M., Sibille, V., Siegmann, D., Slezák, M., Steidl, M., Sturm, M., Sun, M., Tcherniakhovski, D., Telle, H. H., Thorne, L. A., Thümmler, T., Titov, N., Tkachev, I., Urban, K., Valerius, K., Vénos, D., Hernández, A. P. Vizcaya, Weinheimer, C., Welte, S., Wendel, J., Wilkerson, J. F., Wolf, J., Wüstling, S., Xu, W., Yen, Y. -R., Zadoroghny, S., and Zeller, G.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: We report the results of the second measurement campaign of the Karlsruhe Tritium Neutrino (KATRIN) experiment. KATRIN probes the effective electron anti-neutrino mass, $m_{\nu}$, via a high-precision measurement of the tritium $\beta$-decay spectrum close to its endpoint at $18.6\,\mathrm{keV}$. In the second physics run presented here, the source activity was increased by a factor of 3.8 and the background was reduced by $25\,\%$ with respect to the first campaign. A sensitivity on $m_{\nu}$ of $0.7\,\mathrm{eV/c^2}$ at $90\,\%$ confidence level (CL) was reached. This is the first sub-eV sensitivity from a direct neutrino-mass experiment. The best fit to the spectral data yields $m_{\nu}^2 = (0.26\pm0.34)\,\mathrm{eV^4/c^4}$, resulting in an upper limit of $m_{\nu}<0.9\,\mathrm{eV/c^2}$ ($90\,\%$ CL). By combining this result with the first neutrino mass campaign, we find an upper limit of $m_{\nu}<0.8\,\mathrm{eV/c^2}$ ($90\,\%$ CL)., Comment: 19 pages, 10 figures, 5 tables
Published: 2021

31. Precision measurement of the electron energy-loss function in tritium and deuterium gas for the KATRIN experiment

Author: Aker, M., Beglarian, A., Behrens, J., Berlev, A., Besserer, U., Bieringer, B., Block, F., Bornschein, B., Bornschein, L., Böttcher, M., Brunst, T., Caldwell, T. S., Carney, R. M. D., Chilingaryan, S., Choi, W., Debowski, K., Deffert, M., Descher, M., Barrero, D. Díaz, Doe, P. J., Dragoun, O., Drexlin, G., Edzards, F., Eitel, K., Ellinger, E., Miniawy, A. El, Engel, R., Enomoto, S., Felden, A., Formaggio, J. A., Fränkle, F. M., Franklin, G. B., Friedel, F., Fulst, A., Gauda, K., Gil, W., Glück, F., Groh, S., Grössle, R., Gumbsheimer, R., Hannen, V., Haußmann, N., Heizmann, F., Helbing, K., Hickford, S., Hiller, R., Hillesheimer, D., Hinz, D., Höhn, T., Houdy, T., Huber, A., Jansen, A., Karl, C., Kellerer, J., Kleesiek, M., Klein, M., Köhler, C., Köllenberger, L., Kopmann, A., Korzeczek, M., Kovalík, A., Krasch, B., Krause, H., Kunka, N., Lasserre, T., La Cascio, L., Lebeda, O., Lehnert, B., Le, T. L., Lokhov, A., Machatschek, M., Malcherek, E., Mark, M., Marsteller, A., Martin, E. L., Meier, M., Melzer, C., Menshikov, A., Mertens, S., Mostafa, J., Müller, K., Niemes, S., Oelpmann, P., Parno, D. S., Poon, A. W. P., Poyato, J. M. L., Priester, F., Ranitzsch, P. C. -O., Robertson, R. G. H., Rodejohann, W., Rodenbeck, C., Röllig, M., Röttele, C., Ryšavý, M., Sack, R., Saenz, A., Schäfer, P., Schaller, A., Schimpf, L., Schlösser, K., Schlösser, M., Schlüter, L., Schneidewind, S., Schrank, M., Schulz, B., Schwachtgen, C., Šefčík, M., Seitz-Moskaliuk, H., Sibille, V., Siegmann, D., Slezák, M., Steidl, M., Sturm, M., Sun, M., Tcherniakhovski, D., Telle, H. H., Thorne, L. A., Thümmler, T., Titov, N., Tkachev, I., Trost, N., Urban, K., Valerius, K., Vénos, D., Hernández, A. P. Vizcaya, Weinheimer, C., Welte, S., Wendel, J., Wilkerson, J. F., Wolf, J., Wüstling, S., Xu, W., Yen, Y. -R., Zadoroghny, S., and Zeller, G.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: The KATRIN experiment is designed for a direct and model-independent determination of the effective electron anti-neutrino mass via a high-precision measurement of the tritium $\beta$-decay endpoint region with a sensitivity on $m_\nu$ of 0.2$\,$eV/c$^2$ (90% CL). For this purpose, the $\beta$-electrons from a high-luminosity windowless gaseous tritium source traversing an electrostatic retarding spectrometer are counted to obtain an integral spectrum around the endpoint energy of 18.6$\,$keV. A dominant systematic effect of the response of the experimental setup is the energy loss of $\beta$-electrons from elastic and inelastic scattering off tritium molecules within the source. We determined the \linebreak energy-loss function in-situ with a pulsed angular-selective and monoenergetic photoelectron source at various tritium-source densities. The data was recorded in integral and differential modes; the latter was achieved by using a novel time-of-flight technique. We developed a semi-empirical parametrization for the energy-loss function for the scattering of 18.6-keV electrons from hydrogen isotopologs. This model was fit to measurement data with a 95% T$_2$ gas mixture at 30$\,$K, as used in the first KATRIN neutrino mass analyses, as well as a D$_2$ gas mixture of 96% purity used in KATRIN commissioning runs. The achieved precision on the energy-loss function has abated the corresponding uncertainty of $\sigma(m_\nu^2)<10^{-2}\,\mathrm{eV}^2$ [arXiv:2101.05253] in the KATRIN neutrino-mass measurement to a subdominant level., Comment: 12 figures, 18 pages; to be submitted to EPJ C
Published: 2021
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32. The Design, Construction, and Commissioning of the KATRIN Experiment

Author: Aker, M., Altenmüller, K., Amsbaugh, J. F., Arenz, M., Babutzka, M., Bast, J., Bauer, S., Bechtler, H., Beck, M., Beglarian, A., Behrens, J., Bender, B., Berendes, R., Berlev, A., Besserer, U., Bettin, C., Bieringer, B., Blaum, K., Block, F., Bobien, S., Bohn, J., Bokeloh, K., Bolz, H., Bornschein, B., Bornschein, L., Böttcher, M., Bouquet, H., Boyd, N. M., Brunst, T., Burritt, T. H., Caldwell, T. S., Chaoui, Z., Chilingaryan, S., Choi, W., Corona, T. J., Cox, G. A., Debowski, K., Deffert, M., Descher, M., Barrero, D. Díaz, Doe, P. J., Dragoun, O., Drexlin, G., Dunmore, J. A., Dyba, S., Edzards, F., Eichelhardt, F., Eitel, K., Ellinger, E., Engel, R., Enomoto, S., Erhard, M., Eversheim, D., Fedkevych, M., Felden, A., Fischer, S., Formaggio, J. A., Fränkle, F. M., Franklin, G. B., Frenzel, H., Friedel, F., Fulst, A., Gauda, K., Gehring, R., Gil, W., Glück, F., Görhardt, S., Grimm, J., Grohmann, S., Groh, S., Grössle, R., Gumbsheimer, R., Hackenjos, M., Häßler, D., Hannen, V., Harms, F., Harper, G. C., Hartmann, J., Haußmann, N., Heizmann, F., Helbing, K., Held, M., Hickford, S., Hilk, D., Hillen, B., Hiller, R., Hillesheimer, D., Hinz, D., Höhn, T., Holzmann, S., Horn, S., Hötzel, M., Houdy, T., Howe, M. A., Huber, A., James, T., Jansen, A., Kaiser, M., Karl, C., Kazachenko, O., Kellerer, J., Kippenbrock, L., Kleesiek, M., Kleifges, M., Kleinfeller, J., Klein, M., Köllenberger, L., Kopmann, A., Korzeczek, M., Kosmider, A., Kovalík, A., Krasch, B., Krause, H., Kraus, M., Kuckert, L., Kumb, A., Kunka, N., Lasserre, T., La Cascio, L., Lebeda, O., Leber, M. L., Lehnert, B., Leiber, B., Letnev, J., Lewis, R. J., Le, T. L., Lichter, S., Lokhov, A., Poyato, J. M. Lopez, Machatschek, M., Malcherek, E., Mark, M., Marsteller, A., Martin, E. L., Mehret, K., Meloni, M., Melzer, C., Menshikov, A., Mertens, S., Minter, L. I., Monreal, B., Mostafa, J., Müller, K., Myers, A. W., Naumann, U., Neumann, H., Niemes, S., Oelpmann, P., Off, A., Ortjohann, H. -W., Osipowicz, A., Ostrick, B., Parno, D. S., Peterson, D. A., Plischke, P., Poon, A. W. P., Prall, M., Priester, F., Ranitzsch, P. C. -O., Reich, J., Renschler, P., Rest, O., Rinderspacher, R., Robertson, R. G. H., Rodejohann, W., Rodenbeck, C., Rohr, P., Röllig, M., Röttele, C., Rupp, S., Ryšavý, M., Sack, R., Saenz, A., Sagawe, M., Schäfer, P., Schaller, A., Schimpf, L., Schlösser, K., Schlösser, M., Schlüter, L., Schneidewind, S., Schön, H., Schönung, K., Schrank, M., Schulz, B., Schwarz, J., Šefčík, M., Seitz-Moskaliuk, H., Seller, W., Sibille, V., Siegmann, D., Slezák, M., Spanier, F., Steidl, M., Sturm, M., Sun, M., Tcherniakhovski, D., Telle, H. H., Thorne, L. A., Thümmler, T., Titov, N., Tkachev, I., Trost, N., Valerius, K., VanDevender, B. A., Van Wechel, T. D., Vénos, D., Verbeek, A., Vianden, R., Hernández, A. P. Vizcaya, Vogt, K., Wall, B. L., Wandkowsky, N., Weber, M., Weingardt, H., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, C., Welte, S., Wendel, J., Wierman, K. J., Wilkerson, J. F., Wolf, J., Wüstling, S., Xu, W., Yen, Y. -R., Zacher, M., Zadoroghny, S., Zboril, M., and Zeller, G.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: The KArlsruhe TRItium Neutrino (KATRIN) experiment, which aims to make a direct and model-independent determination of the absolute neutrino mass scale, is a complex experiment with many components. More than 15 years ago, we published a technical design report (TDR) [https://publikationen.bibliothek.kit.edu/270060419] to describe the hardware design and requirements to achieve our sensitivity goal of 0.2 eV at 90% C.L. on the neutrino mass. Since then there has been considerable progress, culminating in the publication of first neutrino mass results with the entire beamline operating [arXiv:1909.06048]. In this paper, we document the current state of all completed beamline components (as of the first neutrino mass measurement campaign), demonstrate our ability to reliably and stably control them over long times, and present details on their respective commissioning campaigns., Comment: Added missing acknowledgement, corrected performance statement in chapter 4.2.5, updated author list and references
Published: 2021
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33. Analysis methods for the first KATRIN neutrino-mass measurement

Author: Aker, M., Altenmüller, K., Beglarian, A., Behrens, J., Berlev, A., Besserer, U., Bieringer, B., Blaum, K., Block, F., Bornschein, B., Bornschein, L., Böttcher, M., Brunst, T., Caldwell, T. S., La Cascio, L., Chilingaryan, S., Choi, W., Barrero, D. Díaz, Debowski, K., Deffert, M., Descher, M., Doe, P. J., Dragoun, O., Drexlin, G., Dyba, S., Edzards, F., Eitel, K., Ellinger, E., Engel, R., Enomoto, S., Fedkevych, M., Felden, A., Formaggio, J. A., Fränkle, F. M., Franklin, G. B., Friedel, F., Fulst, A., Gauda, K., Gil, W., Glück, F., Grössle, R., Gumbsheimer, R., Höhn, T., Hannen, V., Haußmann, N., Helbing, K., Hickford, S., Hiller, R., Hillesheimer, D., Hinz, D., Houdy, T., Huber, A., Jansen, A., Köllenberger, L., Karl, C., Kellerer, J., Kippenbrock, L., Klein, M., Kopmann, A., Korzeczek, M., Kovalík, A., Krasch, B., Krause, H., Lasserre, T., Le, T. L., Lebeda, O., Lehnert, B., Lokhov, A., Poyato, J. M. Lopez, Müller, K., Machatschek, M., Malcherek, E., Mark, M., Marsteller, A., Martin, E. L., Melzer, C., Mertens, S., Niemes, S., Oelpmann, P., Osipowicz, A., Parno, D. S., Poon, A. W. P., Priester, F., Röllig, M., Röttele, C., Rest, O., Robertson, R. G. H., Rodenbeck, C., Ryšavý, M., Sack, R., Saenz, A., Schaller, A., Schäfer, P., Schimpf, L., Schlösser, K., Schlösser, M., Schlüter, L., Schrank, M., Schulz, B., Šefčík, M., Seitz-Moskaliuk, H., Sibille, V., Siegmann, D., Slezák, M., Spanier, F., Steidl, M., Sturm, M., Sun, M., Telle, H. H., Thümmler, T., Thorne, L. A., Titov, N., Tkachev, I., Trost, N., Vénos, D., Valerius, K., Hernández, A. P. Vizcaya, Wüstling, S., Weber, M., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, C., Welte, S., Wendel, J., Wilkerson, J. F., Wolf, J., Xu, W., Yen, Y. -R., Zadoroghny, S., and Zeller, G.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Nuclear Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: We report on the data set, data handling, and detailed analysis techniques of the first neutrino-mass measurement by the Karlsruhe Tritium Neutrino (KATRIN) experiment, which probes the absolute neutrino-mass scale via the $\beta$-decay kinematics of molecular tritium. The source is highly pure, cryogenic T$_2$ gas. The $\beta$ electrons are guided along magnetic field lines toward a high-resolution, integrating spectrometer for energy analysis. A silicon detector counts $\beta$ electrons above the energy threshold of the spectrometer, so that a scan of the thresholds produces a precise measurement of the high-energy spectral tail. After detailed theoretical studies, simulations, and commissioning measurements, extending from the molecular final-state distribution to inelastic scattering in the source to subtleties of the electromagnetic fields, our independent, blind analyses allow us to set an upper limit of 1.1 eV on the neutrino-mass scale at a 90\% confidence level. This first result, based on a few weeks of running at a reduced source intensity and dominated by statistical uncertainty, improves on prior limits by nearly a factor of two. This result establishes an analysis framework for future KATRIN measurements, and provides important input to both particle theory and cosmology., Comment: 36 pages with 26 figures. Accepted to Phys. Rev. D
Published: 2021
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34. Calibration of nuclear recoils at the 100 eV scale using neutron capture

Author: Thulliez, L., Lhuillier, D., Cappella, F., Casali, N., Cerulli, R., Chalil, A., Chebboubi, A., Dumonteil, E., Erhart, A., Giuliani, A., Gunsing, F., Jericha, E., Kaznacheeva, M., Kinast, A., Langenkämper, A., Lasserre, T., Letourneau, A., Litaize, O., de Marcillac, P., Marnieros, S., Materna, T., Mauri, B., Mazzucato, E., Nones, C., Ortmann, T., Pattavina, L., Poda, D. V., Rogly, R., Schermer, N., Serot, O., Soum, G., Stodolsky, L., Strauss, R., Vignati, M., Vivier, M., Wagner, V., and Wex, A.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: The development of low-threshold detectors for the study of coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering and for the search for light dark matter necessitates methods of low-energy calibration. We suggest this can be provided by the nuclear recoils resulting from the $\gamma$ emission following thermal neutron capture. In particular, several MeV-scale single-$\gamma$ transitions induce well-defined nuclear recoil peaks in the 100 eV range. Using the FIFRELIN code, complete schemes of $\gamma$-cascades for various isotopes can be predicted with high accuracy to determine the continuous background of nuclear recoils below the calibration peaks. We present a comprehensive experimental concept for the calibration of CaWO$_4$ and Ge cryogenic detectors at a research reactor. For CaWO$_4$ the simulations show that two nuclear recoil peaks at 112.5 eV and 160.3 eV should be visible above background simply in the spectrum of the cryogenic detector. Then we discuss how the additional tagging for the associated $\gamma$ increases the sensitivity of the method and extends its application to a wider energy range and to Ge cryogenic detectors., Comment: 21 pages, 8 figures
Published: 2020
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35. Bound on 3+1 active-sterile neutrino mixing from the first four-week science run of KATRIN

Author: Aker, M., Altenmueller, K., Beglarian, A., Behrens, J., Berlev, A., Besserer, U., Bieringer, B., Blaum, K., Block, F., Bornschein, B., Bornschein, L., Boettcher, M., Brunst, T., Caldwell, T. S., La Cascio, L., Chilingaryan, S., Choi, W., Barrero, D. Diaz, Debowski, K., Deffert, M., Descher, M., Doe, P. J., Dragoun, O., Drexlin, G., Dyba, S., Edzards, F., Eitel, K., Ellinger, E., Engel, R., Enomoto, S., Felden, M. Fedkevych A., Formaggio, J. A., Fraenkle, F. M., Franklin, G. B., Friedel, F., Fulst, A., Gauda, K., Gil, W., Glueck, F., Groessle, R., Gumbsheimer, R., Hoehn, T., Hannen, V., Haussmann, N., Helbing, K., Hickford, S., Hiller, R., Hillesheimer, D., Hinz, D., Houdy, T., Huber, A., Jansen, A., Koellenberger, L., Karl, C., Kellerer, J., Kippenbrock, L., Klein, M., Kopmann, A., Korzeczek, M., Kovalik, A., Krasch, B., Krause, H., Lasserre, T., Le, T. L., Lebeda, O., Guennic, N. Le, Lehnert, B., Lokhov, A., Poyato, J. M. Lopez, Mueller, K., Machatschek, M., Malcherek, E., Mark, M., Marsteller, A., Martin, E. L., Melzer, C., Mertens, S., Niemes, S., Oelpmann, P., Osipowicz, A., Parno, D. S., Poon, A. W. P., Priester, F., Roellig, M., Roettele, C., Rest, O., Robertson, R. G. H., Rodenbeck, C., Rysavy, M., Sack, R., Saenz, A., Schaller, A., Schaefer, P., Schimpf, L., Schloesser, M., Schloesser, K., Schlueter, L., Schrank, M., Schulz, B., Sefcik, M., Seitz-Moskaliuk, H., Sibille, V., Siegmann, D., Slezak, M., Spanier, F., Steidl, M., Sturm, M., Sun, M., Telle, H. H., Thuemmler, T., Thorne, L. A., Titov, N., Tkachev, I., Trost, N., Venos, D., Valerius, K., Hernandez, A. P. Vizcaya, Wuestling, S., Weber, M., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, C., Welte, S., Wendel, J., Wilkerson, J. F., Wolf, J., Xu, W., Yen, Y. -R., Zadoroghny, S., and Zeller, G.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: We report on the light sterile neutrino search from the first four-week science run of the KATRIN experiment in~2019. Beta-decay electrons from a high-purity gaseous molecular tritium source are analyzed by a high-resolution MAC-E filter down to 40 eV below the endpoint at 18.57 keV. We consider the framework with three active neutrinos and one sterile neutrino of mass $m_{4}$. The analysis is sensitive to a fourth mass state $m^2_{4} \lesssim$ 1000 eV$^2$ and to active-to-sterile neutrino mixing down to $|U_{e4}|^2 \gtrsim 2\cdot10^{-2}$. No significant spectral distortion is observed and exclusion bounds on the sterile mass and mixing are reported. These new limits supersede the Mainz results and improve the Troitsk bound for $m^2_{4} <$ 30 eV$^2$. The reactor and gallium anomalies are constrained for $ 100 < \Delta{m}^2_{41} < 1000$ eV$^2$., Comment: 8 pages, 4 figures
Published: 2020
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36. Conceptual Design of BabyIAXO, the intermediate stage towards the International Axion Observatory

Author: Abeln, A., Altenmüller, K., Cuendis, S. Arguedas, Armengaud, E., Attié, D., Aune, S., Basso, S., Bergé, L., Biasuzzi, B., De Sousa, P. T. C. Borges, Brun, P., Bykovskiy, N., Calvet, D., Carmona, J. M., Castel, J. F., Cebrián, S., Chernov, V., Christensen, F. E., Civitani, M. M., Cogollos, C., Dafní, T., Derbin, A., Desch, K., Díez, D., Dinter, M., Döbrich, B., Drachnev, I., Dudarev, A., Dumoulin, L., Ferreira, D. D. M., Ferrer-Ribas, E., Fleck, I., Galán, J., Gascón, D., Gastaldo, L., Giannotti, M., Giomataris, Y., Giuliani, A., Gninenko, S., Golm, J., Golubev, N., Hagge, L., Hahn, J., Hailey, C. J., Hengstler, D., Henriksen, P. L., Houdy, T., Iglesias-Marzoa, R., Iguaz, F. J., Irastorza, I. G., Iñiguez, C., Jakovcic, K., Kaminski, J., Kanoute, B., Karstensen, S., Kravchuk, L., Lakic, B., Lasserre, T., Laurent, P., Limousin, O., Lindner, A., Loidl, M., Lomskaya, I., López-Alegre, G., Lubsandorzhiev, B., Ludwig, K., Luzón, G., Malbrunot, C., Margalejo, C., Marin-Franch, A., Marnieros, S., Marutzky, F., Mauricio, J., Menesguen, Y., Mentink, M., Mertens, S., Mescia, F., Miralda-Escudé, J., Mirallas, H., Mols, J. P., Muratova, V., Navick, X. F., Nones, C., Notari, A., Nozik, A., Obis, L., Oriol, C., Orsini, F., de Solórzano, A. Ortiz, Oster, S., Da Silva, H. P. Pais, Pantuev, V., Papaevangelou, T., Pareschi, G., Perez, K., Pérez, O., Picatoste, E., Pivovaroff, M. J., Poda, D. V., Redondo, J., Ringwald, A., Rodrigues, M., Rueda-Teruel, F., Rueda-Teruel, S., Ruiz-Choliz, E., Ruz, J., Saemann, E. O., Salvado, J., Schiffer, T., Schmidt, S., Schneekloth, U., Schott, M., Segui, L., Tavecchio, F., Kate, H. H. J. ten, Tkachev, I., Troitsky, S., Unger, D., Unzhakov, E., Ushakov, N., Vogel, J. K., Voronin, D., Weltman, A., Werthenbach, U., Wuensch, W., and Yanes-Díaz, A.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: This article describes BabyIAXO, an intermediate experimental stage of the International Axion Observatory (IAXO), proposed to be sited at DESY. IAXO is a large-scale axion helioscope that will look for axions and axion-like particles (ALPs), produced in the Sun, with unprecedented sensitivity. BabyIAXO is conceived to test all IAXO subsystems (magnet, optics and detectors) at a relevant scale for the final system and thus serve as prototype for IAXO, but at the same time as a fully-fledged helioscope with relevant physics reach itself, and with potential for discovery. The BabyIAXO magnet will feature two 10 m long, 70 cm diameter bores, and will host two detection lines (optics and detector) of dimensions similar to the final ones foreseen for IAXO. BabyIAXO will detect or reject solar axions or ALPs with axion-photon couplings down to $g_{a\gamma} \sim 1.5 \times 10^{-11}$ GeV$^{-1}$, and masses up to $m_a\sim 0.25$ eV. BabyIAXO will offer additional opportunities for axion research in view of IAXO, like the development of precision x-ray detectors to identify particular spectral features in the solar axion spectrum, and the implementation of radiofrequency-cavity-based axion dark matter setups., Comment: 77 pages, 49 figures. Prepared for submission to JHEP. Third version after referees comments
Published: 2020

37. Search for Signatures of Sterile Neutrinos with Double Chooz

Author: The Double Chooz Collaboration, Abrahão, T., Almazan, H., Anjos, J. C. dos, Appel, S., Barriere, J. C., Bekman, I., Bezerra, T. J. C., Bezrukov, L., Blucher, E., Brugière, T., Buck, C., Busenitz, J., Cabrera, A., Cerrada, M., Chauveau, E., Chimenti, P., Corpace, O., Dawson, J. V., Djurcic, Z., Etenko, A., Furuta, H., Gil-Botella, I., Givaudan, A., Gomez, H., Gonzalez, L. F. G., Goodman, M. C., Hara, T., Haser, J., Hellwig, D., Hourlier, A., Ishitsuka, M., Jochum, J., Jollet, C., Kale, K., Kaneda, M., Karakac, M., Kawasaki, T., Kemp, E., de Kerret, H., Kryn, D., Kuze, M., Lachenmaier, T., Lane, C. E., Lasserre, T., Lastoria, C., Lhuillier, D., Lima Jr, H. P., Lindner, M., López-Castaño, J. M., LoSecco, J. M., Lubsandorzhiev, B., Maeda, J., Mariani, C., Maricic, J., Martino, J., Matsubara, T., Mention, G., Meregaglia, A., Miletic, T., Milincic, R., Minotti, A., Navas-Nicolás, D., Novella, P., Oberauer, L., Obolensky, M., Onillon, A., Oralbaev, A., Palomares, C., Pepe, I. M., Pronost, G., Reichenbacher, J., Reinhold, B., Schönert, S., Schoppmann, S., Scola, L., Sharankova, R., Sibille, V., Sinev, V., Skorokhvatov, M., Soldin, P., Stahl, A., Stancu, I., Stokes, L. F. F., Suekane, F., Sukhotin, S., Sumiyoshi, T., Sun, Y., Veyssiere, C., Viaud, B., Vivier, M., Wagner, S., Wiebusch, C., Yang, G., and Yermia, F.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, 62F03 (Primary), 62P35, 65C60 (Secondary)
Abstract: We present a search for signatures of neutrino mixing of electron anti-neutrinos with additional hypothetical sterile neutrino flavors using the Double Chooz experiment. The search is based on data from 5 years of operation of Double Chooz, including 2 years in the two-detector configuration. The analysis is based on a profile likelihood, i.e.\ comparing the data to the model prediction of disappearance in a data-to-data comparison of the two respective detectors. The analysis is optimized for a model of three active and one sterile neutrino. It is sensitive in the typical mass range $5 \cdot 10^{-3} $ eV$^2 \lesssim \Delta m^2_{41} \lesssim 3\cdot 10^{-1} $ eV$^2$ for mixing angles down to $\sin^2 2\theta_{14} \gtrsim 0.02$. No significant disappearance additionally to the conventional disappearance related to $\theta_{13} $ is observed and correspondingly exclusion bounds on the sterile mixing parameter $\theta_{14} $ as function of $ \Delta m^2_{41} $ are obtained., Comment: accepted for publication by EPJC
Published: 2020
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38. Reactor Rate Modulation oscillation analysis with two detectors in Double Chooz

Author: Double Chooz Collaboration, Abrahão, T., Almazan, H., Anjos, J. C. dos, Appel, S., Bekman, I., Bezerra, T. J. C., Bezrukov, L., Blucher, E., Brugière, T., Buck, C., Busenitz, J., Cabrera, A., Cerrada, M., Chauveau, E., Chimenti, P., Dawson, J. V., Djurcic, Z., Etenko, A., Furuta, H., Gil-Botella, I., Gonzalez, L. F. G., Goodman, M. C., Hara, T., Hellwig, D., Hourlier, A., Ishitsuka, M., Jochum, J., Jollet, C., Kale, K., Kaneda, M., Kawasaki, T., Kemp, E., de Kerret, H., Kryn, D., Kuze, M., Lachenmaier, T., Lane, C. E., Lasserre, T., Lastoria, C., Lhuillier, D., Lima Jr, H. P., Lindner, M., López-Castaño, J. M., LoSecco, J. M., Lubsandorzhiev, B., Maeda, J., Mariani, C., Maricic, J., Martino, J., Matsubara, T., Mention, G., Meregaglia, A., Miletic, T., Milincic, R., Minotti, A., Navas-Nicolás, D., Novella, P., Oberauer, L., Obolensky, M., Onillon, A., Oralbaev, A., Palomares, C., Pepe, I. M., Pronost, G., Reichenbacher, J., Reinhold, B., Schönert, S., Schoppmann, S., Sharankova, R., Sibille, V., Sinev, V., Skorokhvatov, M., Soldin, P., Stahl, A., Stancu, I., Stokes, L. F. F., Suekane, F., Sukhotin, S., Sumiyoshi, T., Sun, Y., Viaud, B., Vivier, M., Wagner, S., Wiebusch, C., Yang, G., and Yermia, F.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: A $\theta_{13}$ oscillation analysis based on the observed antineutrino rates at the Double Chooz far and near detectors for different reactor power conditions is presented. This approach provides a so far unique simultaneous determination of $\theta_{13}$ and the total background rates without relying on any assumptions on the specific background contributions. The analysis comprises 865 days of data collected in both detectors with at least one reactor in operation. The oscillation results are enhanced by the use of 24.06 days (12.74 days) of reactor-off data in the far (near) detector. The analysis considers the \nue interactions up to a visible energy of 8.5 MeV, using the events at higher energies to build a cosmogenic background model considering fast-neutrons interactions and $^{9}$Li decays. The background-model-independent determination of the mixing angle yields sin$^2(2\theta_{13})=0.094\pm0.017$, being the best-fit total background rates fully consistent with the cosmogenic background model. A second oscillation analysis is also performed constraining the total background rates to the cosmogenic background estimates. While the central value is not significantly modified due to the consistency between the reactor-off data and the background estimates, the addition of the background model reduces the uncertainty on $\theta_{13}$ to 0.015. Along with the oscillation results, the normalization of the anti-neutrino rate is measured with a precision of 0.86\%, reducing the 1.43\% uncertainty associated to the expectation.
Published: 2020
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39. MADMAX Status Report

Author: Beurthey, S., Böhmer, N., Brun, P., Caldwell, A., Chevalier, L., Diaconu, C., Dvali, G., Freire, P., Garutti, E., Gooch, C., Hambarzumjan, A., Heyminck, S., Hubaut, F., Jochum, J., Karst, P., Khan, S., Kittlinger, D., Knirck, S., Kramer, M., Krieger, C., Lasserre, T., Lee, C., Li, X., Lindner, A., Majorovits, B., Matysek, M., Martens, S., Öz, E., Pataguppi, P., Pralavorio, P., Raffelt, G., Redondo, J., Reimann, O., Ringwald, A., Roch, N., Saikawa, K., Schaffran, J., Schmidt, A., Schütte-Engel, J., Sedlak, A., Steffen, F., Shtembari, L., Strandhagen, C., Strom, D., and Wieching, G.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: In this report we present the status of the MAgnetized Disk and Mirror Axion eXperiment (MADMAX), the first dielectric haloscope for the direct search of dark matter axions in the mass range of 40 to 400 $\mu$eV. MADMAX will consist of several parallel dielectric disks, which are placed in a strong magnetic field and with adjustable separations. This setting is expected to allow for an observable emission of axion induced electromagnetic waves at a frequency between 10 and 100 GHz corresponding to the axion mass. The present document orignated from a status report to the DESY PRC in 2019.
Published: 2020

40. Analysis methods for the first KATRIN neutrino-mass measurement

Author: Aker, M, Altenmüller, K, Beglarian, A, Behrens, J, Berlev, A, Besserer, U, Bieringer, B, Blaum, K, Block, F, Bornschein, B, Bornschein, L, Böttcher, M, Brunst, T, Caldwell, TS, La Cascio, L, Chilingaryan, S, Choi, W, Díaz Barrero, D, Debowski, K, Deffert, M, Descher, M, Doe, PJ, Dragoun, O, Drexlin, G, Dyba, S, Edzards, F, Eitel, K, Ellinger, E, Engel, R, Enomoto, S, Fedkevych, M, Felden, A, Formaggio, JA, Fränkle, FM, Franklin, GB, Friedel, F, Fulst, A, Gauda, K, Gil, W, Glück, F, Grössle, R, Gumbsheimer, R, Höhn, T, Hannen, V, Haußmann, N, Helbing, K, Hickford, S, Hiller, R, Hillesheimer, D, Hinz, D, Houdy, T, Huber, A, Jansen, A, Köllenberger, L, Karl, C, Kellerer, J, Kippenbrock, L, Klein, M, Kopmann, A, Korzeczek, M, Kovalík, A, Krasch, B, Krause, H, Lasserre, T, Le, TL, Lebeda, O, Lehnert, B, Lokhov, A, Lopez Poyato, JM, Müller, K, Machatschek, M, Malcherek, E, Mark, M, Marsteller, A, Martin, EL, Melzer, C, Mertens, S, Niemes, S, Oelpmann, P, Osipowicz, A, Parno, DS, Poon, AWP, Priester, F, Röllig, M, Röttele, C, Rest, O, Robertson, RGH, Rodenbeck, C, Ryšavý, M, Sack, R, Saenz, A, Schaller, A, Schäfer, P, Schimpf, L, Schlösser, K, Schlösser, M, Schlüter, L, Schrank, M, Schulz, B, and Šefčík, M
Abstract: We report on the dataset, data handling, and detailed analysis techniques of the first neutrino-mass measurement by the Karlsruhe Tritium Neutrino (KATRIN) experiment, which probes the absolute neutrino-mass scale via the β-decay kinematics of molecular tritium. The source is highly pure, cryogenic T2 gas. The β electrons are guided along magnetic field lines toward a high-resolution, integrating spectrometer for energy analysis. A silicon detector counts β electrons above the energy threshold of the spectrometer, so that a scan of the thresholds produces a precise measurement of the high-energy spectral tail. After detailed theoretical studies, simulations, and commissioning measurements, extending from the molecular final-state distribution to inelastic scattering in the source to subtleties of the electromagnetic fields, our independent, blind analyses allow us to set an upper limit of 1.1 eV on the neutrino-mass scale at a 90% confidence level. This first result, based on a few weeks of running at a reduced source intensity and dominated by statistical uncertainty, improves on prior limits by nearly a factor of two. This result establishes an analysis framework for future KATRIN measurements, and provides important input to both particle theory and cosmology.
Published: 2021

41. Precision measurement of the electron energy-loss function in tritium and deuterium gas for the KATRIN experiment

Author: Aker, M, Beglarian, A, Behrens, J, Berlev, A, Besserer, U, Bieringer, B, Block, F, Bornschein, B, Bornschein, L, Böttcher, M, Brunst, T, Caldwell, TS, Carney, RMD, Chilingaryan, S, Choi, W, Debowski, K, Deffert, M, Descher, M, Barrero, D Díaz, Doe, PJ, Dragoun, O, Drexlin, G, Edzards, F, Eitel, K, Ellinger, E, Miniawy, A El, Engel, R, Enomoto, S, Felden, A, Formaggio, JA, Fränkle, FM, Franklin, GB, Friedel, F, Fulst, A, Gauda, K, Gil, W, Glück, F, Groh, S, Grössle, R, Gumbsheimer, R, Hannen, V, Haußmann, N, Heizmann, F, Helbing, K, Hickford, S, Hiller, R, Hillesheimer, D, Hinz, D, Höhn, T, Houdy, T, Huber, A, Jansen, A, Karl, C, Kellerer, J, Kleesiek, M, Klein, M, Köhler, C, Köllenberger, L, Kopmann, A, Korzeczek, M, Kovalík, A, Krasch, B, Krause, H, Kunka, N, Lasserre, T, La Cascio, L, Lebeda, O, Lehnert, B, Le, TL, Lokhov, A, Machatschek, M, Malcherek, E, Mark, M, Marsteller, A, Martin, EL, Meier, M, Melzer, C, Menshikov, A, Mertens, S, Mostafa, J, Müller, K, Niemes, S, Oelpmann, P, Parno, DS, Poon, AWP, Poyato, JML, Priester, F, Ranitzsch, PC-O, Robertson, RGH, Rodejohann, W, Rodenbeck, C, Röllig, M, Röttele, C, Ryšavý, M, Sack, R, Saenz, A, Schäfer, P, Schaller, A, Schimpf, L, and Schlösser, K
Subjects: Nuclear & Particles Physics, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Quantum Physics
Abstract: AbstractThe KATRIN experiment is designed for a direct and model-independent determination of the effective electron anti-neutrino mass via a high-precision measurement of the tritium $$\upbeta $$ β -decay endpoint region with a sensitivity on $$m_\nu $$ m ν of 0.2 $$\hbox {eV}/\hbox {c}^2$$ eV / c 2 (90% CL). For this purpose, the $$\upbeta $$ β -electrons from a high-luminosity windowless gaseous tritium source traversing an electrostatic retarding spectrometer are counted to obtain an integral spectrum around the endpoint energy of 18.6 keV. A dominant systematic effect of the response of the experimental setup is the energy loss of $$\upbeta $$ β -electrons from elastic and inelastic scattering off tritium molecules within the source. We determined the energy-loss function in-situ with a pulsed angular-selective and monoenergetic photoelectron source at various tritium-source densities. The data was recorded in integral and differential modes; the latter was achieved by using a novel time-of-flight technique. We developed a semi-empirical parametrization for the energy-loss function for the scattering of 18.6-keV electrons from hydrogen isotopologs. This model was fit to measurement data with a 95% $$\hbox {T}_2$$ T 2 gas mixture at 30 K, as used in the first KATRIN neutrino-mass analyses, as well as a $$\hbox {D}_2$$ D 2 gas mixture of 96% purity used in KATRIN commissioning runs. The achieved precision on the energy-loss function has abated the corresponding uncertainty of $$\sigma (m_\nu ^2)< {{10}^{-2}}{\hbox {eV}^{2}}$$ σ ( m ν 2 ) < 10 - 2 eV 2 [1] in the KATRIN neutrino-mass measurement to a subdominant level.
Published: 2021

42. Bound on 3+1 Active-Sterile Neutrino Mixing from the First Four-Week Science Run of KATRIN

Author: Aker, M, Altenmüller, K, Beglarian, A, Behrens, J, Berlev, A, Besserer, U, Bieringer, B, Blaum, K, Block, F, Bornschein, B, Bornschein, L, Böttcher, M, Brunst, T, Caldwell, TS, La Cascio, L, Chilingaryan, S, Choi, W, Barrero, D Díaz, Debowski, K, Deffert, M, Descher, M, Doe, PJ, Dragoun, O, Drexlin, G, Dyba, S, Edzards, F, Eitel, K, Ellinger, E, Engel, R, Enomoto, S, Fedkevych, M, Felden, A, Formaggio, JA, Fränkle, FM, Franklin, GB, Friedel, F, Fulst, A, Gauda, K, Gil, W, Glück, F, Grössle, R, Gumbsheimer, R, Höhn, T, Hannen, V, Haußmann, N, Helbing, K, Hickford, S, Hiller, R, Hillesheimer, D, Hinz, D, Houdy, T, Huber, A, Jansen, A, Köllenberger, L, Karl, C, Kellerer, J, Kippenbrock, L, Klein, M, Kopmann, A, Korzeczek, M, Kovalík, A, Krasch, B, Krause, H, Lasserre, T, Le, TL, Lebeda, O, Le Guennic, N, Lehnert, B, Lokhov, A, Poyato, JM Lopez, Müller, K, Machatschek, M, Malcherek, E, Mark, M, Marsteller, A, Martin, EL, Melzer, C, Mertens, S, Niemes, S, Oelpmann, P, Osipowicz, A, Parno, DS, Poon, AWP, Priester, F, Röllig, M, Röttele, C, Rest, O, Robertson, RGH, Rodenbeck, C, Ryšavý, M, Sack, R, Saenz, A, Schaller, A, Schäfer, P, Schimpf, L, Schlösser, M, Schlösser, K, Schlüter, L, Schrank, M, and Schulz, B
Subjects: Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Particle and High Energy Physics, Physical Sciences, KATRIN Collaboration, Mathematical Sciences, Engineering, General Physics, Mathematical sciences, Physical sciences
Abstract: We report on the light sterile neutrino search from the first four-week science run of the KATRIN experiment in 2019. Beta-decay electrons from a high-purity gaseous molecular tritium source are analyzed by a high-resolution MAC-E filter down to 40 eV below the endpoint at 18.57 keV. We consider the framework with three active neutrinos and one sterile neutrino. The analysis is sensitive to the mass, m_{4}, of the fourth mass state for m_{4}^{2}≲1000 eV^{2} and to active-to-sterile neutrino mixing down to |U_{e4}|^{2}≳2×10^{-2}. No significant spectral distortion is observed and exclusion bounds on the sterile mass and mixing are reported. These new limits supersede the Mainz results for m_{4}^{2}≲1000 eV^{2} and improve the Troitsk bound for m_{4}^{2}
Published: 2021

43. Nucleus: Searching for Coherent Neutrino Nucleus Scattering at Lowest Energies

Author: Kluck, H., Angloher, G., Bento, A., Canonica, L., Cappella, F., Cardani, L., Casali, N., Cerulli, R., Colantoni, I., Cruciani, A., del Castello, G., Erhart, A., Friedl, M., Garai, A., Ghete, V. M., Goupy, C., Guidi, V., Hauff, D., Kaznacheeva, M., Kinast, A., Klinkenberg, L., Langenkämper, A., Lasserre, T., Lhuillier, D., Mancuso, M., Mauri, B., Mazzolari, A., Mazzucato, E., Neyrial, H., Nones, C., Oberauer, L., Onillon, A., Ortmann, T., Pattavina, L., Petricca, F., Potzel, W., Pröbst, F., Pucci, F., Reindl, F., Rogly, R., Rothe, J., Savu, V., Schermer, N., Schieck, J., Schönert, S., Schwertner, C., Scola, L., Stodolsky, L., Strauss, R., Tomei, C., von Mirbach, K., Vignati, M., Vivier, M., Wagner, V., and Wex, A.
Published: 2022
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44. Suppression of Penning discharges between the KATRIN spectrometers

Author: Aker, M., Altenmüller, K., Beglarian, A., Behrens, J., Berlev, A., Besserer, U., Blaum, K., Block, F., Bobien, S., Bornschein, B., Bornschein, L., Bouquet, H., Brunst, T., Caldwell, T. S., Chilingaryan, S., Choi, W., Debowski, K., Deffert, M., Descher, M., Barrero, D. Díaz, Doe, P. J., Dragoun, O., Drexlin, G., Dyba, S., Eitel, K., Ellinger, E., Engel, R., Enomoto, S., Eversheim, D., Fedkevych, M., Felden, A., Formaggio, J. A., Fränkle, F., Franklin, G. B., Frankrone, H., Friedel, F., Fulst, A., Gauda, K., Gil, W., Glück, F., Grohmann, S., Grössle, R., Gumbsheimer, R., Hackenjos, M., Hannen, V., Hartmann, J., Haußmann, N., Heizmann, F., Heizmann, J., Helbing, K., Hickford, S., Hillesheimer, D., Hinz, D., Höhn, T., Holzapfel, B., Holzmann, S., Houdy, T., Jansen, A., Karl, C., Kellerer, J., Kernert, N., Kippenbrock, L., Klein, M., Köhler, C., Köllenberger, L., Kopmann, A., Korzeczek, M., Kovalík, A., Krasch, B., Krause, H., Kuffner, B., Kunka, N., Lasserre, T., La Cascio, L., Lebeda, O., Lehnert, B., Letnev, J., Leven, F., Le, T. L., Lichter, S., Lokhov, A., Machatschek, M., Malcherek, E., Marsteller, A., Martin, E. L., Melzer, C., Menshikov, A., Mertens, S., Monreal, B., Müller, K., Naumann, U., Neumann, H., Niemes, S., Noe, M., Ortjohann, H. -W., Osipowicz, A., Otten, E., Parno, D. S., Pollithy, A., Poon, A. W. P., Poyato, J. M. L., Priester, F., Ranitzsch, P. C. -O., Rest, O., Rinderspacher, R., Robertson, R. G. H., Rodenbeck, C., Rohr, P., Röllig, M., Röttele, C., Ryšavý, M., Sack, R., Saenz, A., Schäfer, P., Schimpf, L., Schlösser, K., Schlösser, M., Schlüter, L., Schrank, M., Schulz, B., Seitz-Moskaliuk, H., Seller, W., Sibille, V., Siegmann, D., Slezák, M., Spanier, F., Steidl, M., Steven, M., Sturm, M., Suesser, M., Sun, M., Tcherniakhovski, D., Telle, H. H., Thorne, L. A., Thümmler, T., Titov, N., Tkachev, I., Trost, N., Valerius, K., Vénos, D., Vianden, R., Hernández, A. P. Vizcaya, Weber, M., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, C., Welte, S., Wendel, J., Wilkerson, J. F., Wolf, J., Wüstling, S., Xu, W., Yen, Y. -R., Zadoroghny, S., and Zeller, G.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: The KArlsruhe TRItium Neutrino experiment (KATRIN) aims to determine the effective electron (anti)neutrino mass with a sensitivity of $0.2\textrm{ eV/c}^2$ (90$\%$ C.L.) by precisely measuring the endpoint region of the tritium $\beta$-decay spectrum. It uses a tandem of electrostatic spectrometers working as MAC-E (magnetic adiabatic collimation combined with an electrostatic) filters. In the space between the pre-spectrometer and the main spectrometer, an unavoidable Penning trap is created when the superconducting magnet between the two spectrometers, biased at their respective nominal potentials, is energized. The electrons accumulated in this trap can lead to discharges, which create additional background electrons and endanger the spectrometer and detector section downstream. To counteract this problem, "electron catchers" were installed in the beamline inside the magnet bore between the two spectrometers. These catchers can be moved across the magnetic-flux tube and intercept on a sub-ms time scale the stored electrons along their magnetron motion paths. In this paper, we report on the design and the successful commissioning of the electron catchers and present results on their efficiency in reducing the experimental background., Comment: - 12 pages, 14 figures, LaTeX; typos corrected, references added; precised a few arguments, added additional discussions, results unchanged
Published: 2019
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45. An improved upper limit on the neutrino mass from a direct kinematic method by KATRIN

Author: Aker, M., Altenmüller, K., Arenz, M., Babutzka, M., Barrett, J., Bauer, S., Beck, M., Beglarian, A., Behrens, J., Bergmann, T., Besserer, U., Blaum, K., Block, F., Bobien, S., Bokeloh, K., Bonn, J., Bornschein, B., Bornschein, L., Bouquet, H., Brunst, T., Caldwell, T. S., La Cascio, L., Chilingaryan, S., Choi, W., Corona, T. J., Debowski, K., Deffert, M., Descher, M., Doe, P. J., Dragoun, O., Drexlin, G., Dunmore, J. A., Dyba, S., Edzards, F., Eisenblätter, L., Eitel, K., Ellinger, E., Engel, R., Enomoto, S., Erhard, M., Eversheim, D., Fedkevych, M., Felden, A., Fischer, S., Flatt, B., Formaggio, J. A., Fränkle, F. M., Franklin, G. B., Frankrone, H., Friedel, F., Fuchs, D., Fulst, A., Furse, D., Gauda, K., Gemmeke, H., Gil, W., Glück, F., Görhardt, S., Groh, S., Grohmann, S., Grössle, R., Gumbsheimer, R., Minh, M. Ha, Hackenjos, M., Hannen, V., Harms, F., Hartmann, J., Haußmann, N., Heizmann, F., Helbing, K., Hickford, S., Hilk, D., Hillen, B., Hillesheimer, D., Hinz, D., Höhn, T., Holzapfel, B., Holzmann, S., Houdy, T., Howe, M. A., Huber, A., Jansen, A., Kaboth, A., Karl, C., Kazachenko, O., Kellerer, J., Kernert, N., Kippenbrock, L., Kleesiek, M., Klein, M., Köhler, C., Köllenberger, L., Kopmann, A., Korzeczek, M., Kosmider, A., Kovalí, A., Krasch, B., Kraus, M., Krause, H., Kuckert, L., Kuffner, B., Kunka, N., Lasserre, T., Le, T. L., Lebeda, O., Leber, M., Lehnert, B., Letnev, J., Leven, F., Lichter, S., Lobashev, V. M., Lokhov, A., Machatschek, M., Malcherek, E., Müller, K., Mark, M., Marsteller, A., Martin, E. L., Melzer, C., Menshikov, A., Mertens, S., Minter, L. I., Mirz, S., Monreal, B., Guzman, P. I. Morales, Naumann, U., Ndeke, W., Neumann, H., Niemes, S., Noe, M., Oblath, N. S., Ortjohann, H. -W., Osipowicz, A., Ostrick, B., Otten, E., Parno, D. S., Phillips II, D. G., Plischke, P., Pollithy, A., Poon, A. W. P., Pouryamout, J., Prall, M., Priester, F., Röllig, M., Röttele, C., Ranitzsch, P. C. -O., Rest, O., Rinderspacher, R., Robertson, R. G. H., Rodenbeck, C., Rohr, P., Roll, Ch., Rupp, S., Rysavy, M., Sack, R., Saenz, A., Schäfer, P., Schimpf, L., Schlösser, K., Schlösser, M., Schlüter, L., Schön, H., Schönung, K., Schrank, M., Schulz, B., Schwarz, J., Seitz-Moskaliuk, H., Seller, W., Sibille, V., Siegmann, D., Skasyrskaya, A., Slezak, M., Spalek, A., Spanier, F., Steidl, M., Steinbrink, N., Sturm, M., Suesser, M., Sun, M., Tcherniakhovski, D., Telle, H. H., Thümmler, T., Thorne, L. A., Titov, N., Tkachev, I., Trost, N., Urban, K., Venos, D., Valerius, K., VanDevender, B. A., Vianden, R., Hernandez, A. P. Vizcaya, Wall, B. L., Wüstling, S., Weber, M., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, C., Welte, S., Wendel, J., Wierman, K. J., Wilkerson, J. F., Wolf, J., Xu, W., Yen, Y. -R., Zacher, M., Zadorozhny, S., Zboril, M., and Zeller, G.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Nuclear Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: We report on the neutrino mass measurement result from the first four-week science run of the Karlsruhe Tritium Neutrino experiment KATRIN in spring 2019. Beta-decay electrons from a high-purity gaseous molecular tritium source are energy analyzed by a high-resolution MAC-E filter. A fit of the integrated electron spectrum over a narrow interval around the kinematic endpoint at 18.57 keV gives an effective neutrino mass square value of $(-1.0^{+0.9}_{-1.1})$ eV$^2$. From this we derive an upper limit of 1.1 eV (90$\%$ confidence level) on the absolute mass scale of neutrinos. This value coincides with the KATRIN sensitivity. It improves upon previous mass limits from kinematic measurements by almost a factor of two and provides model-independent input to cosmological studies of structure formation.
Published: 2019
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46. First operation of the KATRIN experiment with tritium

Author: Aker, M., Altenmüller, K., Arenz, M., Baek, W. -J., Barrett, J., Beglarian, A., Behrens, J., Berlev, A., Besserer, U., Blaum, K., Block, F., Bobien, S., Bornschein, B., Bornschein, L., Bouquet, H., Brunst, T., Caldwell, T. S., Chilingaryan, S., Choi, W., Debowski, K., Deffert, M., Descher, M., Barrero, D. Díaz, Doe, P. J., Dragoun, O., Drexlin, G., Dyba, S., Edzards, F., Eitel, K., Ellinger, E., Engel, R., Enomoto, S., Eversheim, D., Fedkevych, M., Felden, A., Formaggio, J. A., Fränkle, F. M., Franklin, G. B., Frankrone, H., Friedel, F., Fuchs, D., Fulst, A., Gauda, K., Gil, W., Glück, F., Grohmann, S., Grössle, R., Gumbsheimer, R., Hackenjos, M., Hannen, V., Hartmann, J., Haußmann, N., Minh, M. Ha, Heizmann, F., Heizmann, J., Helbing, K., Hickford, S., Hillesheimer, D., Hinz, D., Höhn, T., Holzapfel, B., Holzmann, S., Houdy, T., Howe, M. A., Huber, A., Jansen, A., Karl, C., Kellerer, J., Kernert, N., Kippenbrock, L., Kleesiek, M., Klein, M., Köhler, C., Köllenberger, L., Kopmann, A., Korzeczek, M., Kovalík, A., Krasch, B., Krause, H., Kuffner, B., Kunka, N., Lasserre, T., La Cascio, L., Lebeda, O., Lebert, M., Lehnert, B., Letnev, J., Leven, F., Le, T. L., Lichter, S., Lokhov, A., Machatschek, M., Malcherek, E., Mark, M., Marsteller, A., Martin, E. L., Megas, F., Melzer, C., Menshikov, A., Mertens, S., Meier, M., Mirz, S., Monreal, B., Guzmán, P. I. Morales, Müller, K., Naumann, U., Neumann, H., Niemes, S., Noe, M., Off, A., Ortjohann, H. -W., Osipowicz, A., Otten, E., Parno, D. S., Pollithy, A., Poon, A. W. P., Poyato, J. M. L., Priester, F., Ranitzsch, P. C. -O., Rest, O., Rinderspacher, R., Robertson, R. G. H., Rodenbeck, C., Rohr, P., Röllig, M., Röttele, C., Ryšavý, M., Sack, R., Saenz, A., Schäfer, P., Schimpf, L., Schlösser, K., Schlösser, M., Schlüter, L., Schrank, M., Schulz, B., Seitz-Moskaliuk, H., Seller, W., Sibille, V., Siegmann, D., Slezák, M., Spanier, F., Steidl, M., Steven, M., Sturm, M., Suesser, M., Sun, M., Tcherniakhovski, D., Telle, H. H., Thorne, L. A., Thümmler, T., Titov, N., Tkachev, I., Trost, N., Urban, K., Valerius, K., Vénos, D., Vianden, R., Hernández, A. P. Vizcaya, Weber, M., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, C., Welte, S., Wendel, J., Wilkerson, J. F., Wolf, J., Wüstling, S., Xu, W., Yen, Y. -R., Zadorozhny, S., and Zeller, G.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: The determination of the neutrino mass is one of the major challenges in astroparticle physics today. Direct neutrino mass experiments, based solely on the kinematics of beta-decay, provide a largely model-independent probe to the neutrino mass scale. The Karlsruhe Tritium Neutrino (KATRIN) experiment is designed to directly measure the effective electron antineutrino mass with a sensitivity of 0.2 eV 90% CL. In this work we report on the first operation of KATRIN with tritium which took place in 2018. During this commissioning phase of the tritium circulation system, excellent agreement of the theoretical prediction with the recorded spectra was found and stable conditions over a time period of 13 days could be established. These results are an essential prerequisite for the subsequent neutrino mass measurements with KATRIN in 2019.
Published: 2019
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47. Comprehensive geoneutrino analysis with Borexino

Author: Agostini, M., Altenmüller, K., Appel, S., Atroshchenko, V., Bagdasarian, Z., Basilico, D., Bellini, G., Benziger, J., Bick, D., Bonfini, G., Bravo, D., Caccianiga, B., Calaprice, F., Caminata, A., Cappelli, L., Cavalcante, P., Cavanna, F., Chepurnov, A., Choi, K., D'Angelo, D., Davini, S., Derbin, A., Di Giacinto, A., Di Marcello, V., Ding, X. F., Di Ludovico, A., Di Noto, L., Drachnev, I., Fiorentini, G., Formozov, A., Franco, D., Gabriele, F., Galbiati, C., Gschwender, M., Ghiano, C., Giammarchi, M., Goretti, A., Gromov, M., Guffanti, D., Hagner, C., Hungerford, E., Ianni, Aldo, Ianni, Andrea, Jany, A., Jeschke, D., Kumaran, S., Kobychev, V., Korga, G., Lachenmaier, T., Lasserre, T., Laubenstein, M., Litvinovich, E., Lombardi, P., Lomskaya, I., Ludhova, L., Lukyanchenko, G., Lukyanchenko, L., Machulin, I., Mantovani, F., Manuzio, G., Marcocci, S., Maricic, J., Martyn, J., Meroni, E., Meyer, M., Miramonti, L., Misiaszek, M., Montuschi, M., Muratova, V., Neumair, B., Nieslony, M., Oberauer, L., Onillon, A., Orekhov, V., Ortica, F., Pallavicini, M., Papp, L., Penek, Ö., Pietrofaccia, L., Pilipenko, N., Pocar, A., Raikov, G., Ranalli, M. T., Ranucci, G., Razeto, A., Re, A., Redchuk, M., Ricci, B., Romani, A., Rossi, N., Rottenanger, S., Schönert, S., Semenov, D., Skorokhvatov, M., Smirnov, O., Sotnikov, A., Strati, V., Suvorov, Y., Tartaglia, R., Testera, G., Thurn, J., Unzhakov, E., Vishneva, A., Vivier, M., Vogelaar, R. B., von Feilitzsch, F., Wojcik, M., Wurm, M., Zaimidoroga, O., Zavatarelli, S., Zuber, K., and Zuzel, G.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Geophysics
Abstract: This paper presents a geoneutrino measurement using 3262.74 days of data taken with the Borexino detector at LNGS in Italy. By observing $52.6 ^{+9.4}_{-8.6} ({\rm stat}) ^{+2.7}_{-2.1}({\rm sys})$ geoneutrinos (68% interval) from $^{238}$U and $^{232}$Th, a signal of $47.0^{+8.4}_{-7.7}\,({\rm stat)}^{+2.4}_{-1.9}\,({\rm sys})$ TNU with $^{+18.3}_{-17.2}$% total precision was obtained. This result assumes the same Th/U mass ratio found in chondritic CI meteorites but compatible results were found when contributions from $^{238}$U and $^{232}$Th were fit as free parameters. Antineutrino background from reactors is fit unconstrained and found compatible with the expectations. The null-hypothesis of observing a signal from the mantle is excluded at a 99.0% C.L. when exploiting the knowledge of the local crust. Measured mantle signal of $21.2 ^{+9.6}_{-9.0} ({\rm stat})^{+1.1}_{-0.9} ({\rm sys})$ TNU corresponds to the production of a radiogenic heat of $24.6 ^{+11.1}_{-10.4}$ TW (68% interval) from $^{238}$U and $^{232}$Th in the mantle. Assuming 18% contribution of $^{40}$K in the mantle and $8.1^{+1.9}_{-1.4}$ TW of radiogenic heat of the lithosphere, the Borexino estimate of the total Earth radiogenic heat is $38.2 ^{+13.6}_{-12.7}$ TW, corresponding to a convective Urey ratio of 0.78$^{+0.41}_{-0.28}$. These values are compatible with different geological models, however there is a 2.4$\sigma$ tension with those which predict the lowest concentration of heat-producing elements. By fitting the data with a constraint on the reactor antineutrino background, the existence of a hypothetical georeactor at the center of the Earth having power greater than 2.4 TW at 95% C.L. is excluded. Particular attention is given to all analysis details, which should be of interest for the next generation geoneutrino measurements., Comment: 69 pages, 56 Figures (some composed of multiple files), 17 Tables, 135 References
Published: 2019
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48. Exploring CEvNS with NUCLEUS at the Chooz Nuclear Power Plant

Author: Angloher, G., Ardellier-Desages, F., Bento, A., Canonica, L., Erhart, A., Ferreiro, N., Friedl, M., Ghete, V. M., Hauff, D., Kluck, H., Langenkämper, A., Lasserre, T., Lhuillier, D., Kinast, A., Mancuso, M., Rubiales, J. Molina, Mondragon, E., Munch, G., Nones, C., Oberauer, L., Onillon, A., Ortmann, T., Pattavina, L., Petricca, F., Potzel, W., Pröbst, F., Reindl, F., Rothe, J., Schieck, J., Schönert, S., Schwertner, C., Scola, L., Stodolsky, L., Strauss, R., Vivier, M., Wagner, V., and Zolotarova, A.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: Coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering (CE$\nu$NS) offers a unique way to study neutrino properties and to search for new physics beyond the Standard Model. Nuclear reactors are promising sources to explore this process at low energies since they deliver large fluxes of (anti-)neutrinos with typical energies of a few MeV. In this paper, a new-generation experiment to study CE$\nu$NS is described. The NUCLEUS experiment will use cryogenic detectors which feature an unprecedentedly low energy threshold and a time response fast enough to be operated in above-ground conditions. Both sensitivity to low-energy nuclear recoils and a high event rate tolerance are stringent requirements to measure CE$\nu$NS of reactor antineutrinos. A new experimental site, denoted the Very-Near-Site (VNS) at the Chooz nuclear power plant in France is described. The VNS is located between the two 4.25 GW$_{\mathrm{th}}$ reactor cores and matches the requirements of NUCLEUS. First results of on-site measurements of neutron and muon backgrounds, the expected dominant background contributions, are given. In this paper a preliminary experimental setup with dedicated active and passive background reduction techniques is presented. Furthermore, the feasibility to operate the NUCLEUS detectors in coincidence with an active muon-veto at shallow overburden is studied. The paper concludes with a sensitivity study pointing out the promising physics potential of NUCLEUS at the Chooz nuclear power plant.
Published: 2019
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49. Physics potential of the International Axion Observatory (IAXO)

Author: Armengaud, E., Attie, D., Basso, S., Brun, P., Bykovskiy, N., Carmona, J. M., Castel, J. F., Cebrián, S., Cicoli, M., Civitani, M., Cogollos, C., Conlon, J. P., Costa, D., Dafni, T., Daido, R., Derbin, A. V., Descalle, M. A., Desch, K., Dratchnev, I. S., Döbrich, B., Dudarev, A., Ferrer-Ribas, E., Fleck, I., Galán, J., Galanti, G., Garrido, L., Gascon, D., Gastaldo, L., Germani, C., Ghisellini, G., Giannotti, M., Giomataris, I., Gninenko, S., Golubev, N., Graciani, R., Irastorza, I. G., Jakovcic, K., Kaminski, J., Krcmar, M., Krieger, C., Lakić, B., Lasserre, T., Laurent, P., Limousin, O., Lindner, A., Lomskaya, I., Lubsandorzhiev, B., Luzón, G., Marsh, M. C. D., Mergalejo, C., Mescia, F., Meyer, M., Miralda-Escudé, J., Mirallas, H., Muratova, V. N., Navick, X. F., Nones, C., Notari, A., Nozik, A., de Solórzano, A. Ortiz, Pantuev, V., Papaevangelou, T., Pareschi, G., Perez, K., Picatoste, E., Pivovaroff, M. J., Redondo, J., Ringwald, A., Roncadelli, M., Ruiz-Chóliz, E., Ruz, J., Saikawa, K., Salvadó, J., Samperiz, M. P., Schiffer, T., Schmidt, S., Schneekloth, U., Schott, M., Silva, H., Tagliaferri, G., Takahashi, F., Tavecchio, F., Kate, H. ten, Tkachev, I., Troitsky, S., Unzhakov, E., Vedrine, P., Vogel, J. K., Weinsheimer, C., Weltman, A., and Yin, W.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: We review the physics potential of a next generation search for solar axions: the International Axion Observatory (IAXO). Endowed with a sensitivity to discover axion-like particles (ALPs) with a coupling to photons as small as $g_{a\gamma}\sim 10^{-12}$ GeV$^{-1}$, or to electrons $g_{ae}\sim$10$^{-13}$, IAXO has the potential to find the QCD axion in the 1 meV$\sim$1 eV mass range where it solves the strong CP problem, can account for the cold dark matter of the Universe and be responsible for the anomalous cooling observed in a number of stellar systems. At the same time, IAXO will have enough sensitivity to detect lower mass axions invoked to explain: 1) the origin of the anomalous "transparency" of the Universe to gamma-rays, 2) the observed soft X-ray excess from galaxy clusters or 3) some inflationary models. In addition, we review string theory axions with parameters accessible by IAXO and discuss their potential role in cosmology as Dark Matter and Dark Radiation as well as their connections to the above mentioned conundrums., Comment: Prepared for submission to JCAP; new version with very minor corrections after referee review
Published: 2019
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50. High-resolution spectroscopy of gaseous $^\mathrm{83m}$Kr conversion electrons with the KATRIN experiment

Author: Altenmüller, K., Arenz, M., Baek, W. -J., Beck, M., Beglarian, A., Behrens, J., Bergmann, T., Berlev, A., Besserer, U., Blaum, K., Block, F., Bobien, S., Bode, T., Bornschein, B., Bornschein, L., Brunst, T., Buzinsky, N., Chilingaryan, S., Choi, W. Q., Deffert, M., Doe, P. J., Dragoun, O., Drexlin, G., Dyba, S., Edzards, F., Eitel, K., Ellinger, E., Engel, R., Enomoto, S., Eversheim, D., Fedkevych, M., Formaggio, J. A., Fränkle, F. M., Franklin, G. B., Friedel, F., Fulst, A., Gil, W., Glück, F., Ureña, A. Gonzalez, Grohmann, S., Grössle, R., Gumbsheimer, R., Hackenjos, M., Hannen, V., Harms, F., Haußmann, N., Heizmann, F., Helbing, K., Hickford, S., Hilk, D., Hillesheimer, D., Hinz, D., Howe, M. A., Huber, A., Jansen, A., Kellerer, J., Kernert, N., Kippenbrock, L., Klein, M., Kopmann, A., Korzeczek, M., Kovalík, A., Krasch, B., Kraus, M., Lasserre, T., Lebeda, O., Letnev, J., Lokhov, A., Machatschek, M., Marsteller, A., Martin, E. L., Mertens, S., Mirz, S., Monreal, B., Neumann, H., Niemes, S., Off, A., Osipowicz, A., Otten, E., Parno, D. S., Plischke, P., Pollithy, A., Poon, A. W. P., Priester, F., Ranitzsch, P. C. -O., Rest, O., Robertson, R. G. H., Roccati, F., Rodenbeck, C., Röllig, M., Röttele, C., Ryšavý, M., Sack, R., Saenz, A., Schimpf, L., Schlösser, K., Schlösser, M., Schönung, K., Schrank, M., Seitz-Moskaliuk, H., Sentkerestiová, J., Sibille, V., Slezák, M., Steidl, M., Steinbrink, N., Sturm, M., Suchopar, M., Suesser, M., Telle, H. H., Thorne, L. A., Thümmler, T., Titov, N., Tkachev, I., Trost, N., Valerius, K., Vénos, D., Vianden, R., Hernández, A. P. Vizcaya, Weber, M., Weinheimer, C., Welte, S., Wendel, J., Wilkerson, J. F., Wolf, J., Wüstling, S., Zadoroghny, S., and Zeller, G.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: In this work, we present the first spectroscopic measurements of conversion electrons originating from the decay of metastable gaseous $^\mathrm{83m}$Kr with the Karlsruhe Tritium Neutrino (KATRIN) experiment. The results obtained in this calibration measurement represent a major commissioning milestone for the upcoming direct neutrino mass measurement with KATRIN. The successful campaign demonstrates the functionalities of the full KATRIN beamline. The KATRIN main spectrometer's excellent energy resolution of ~ 1 eV made it possible to determine the narrow K-32 and L$_3$-32 conversion electron line widths with an unprecedented precision of ~ 1 %., Comment: Fixed affiliation of the corresponding author
Published: 2019
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