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2. Formative Research to Develop the IDEFICS Physical Activity Intervention Component: Findings From Focus Groups With Children and Parents.

Author

Haerens, Leen, De Bourdeaudhuij, Ilse, Eiben, Gabriele, Lauria, Fabio, Bel, Silvia, Keimer, Katharina, Kovács, Éva, Lasn, Helen, Regber, Susann, Shiakou, Monica, and Maes, Lea

Subjects
FOCUS groups, PHYSICAL activity, PHYSICAL fitness, HEALTH behavior, CHILDREN'S health
Abstract

Background: The current study aimed at describing influencing factors for physical activity among young children to determine the best approaches for developing the IDEFICS community based intervention. Methods: In 8 European sites a trained moderator conducted a minimum of 4 focus groups using standardized questioning guides. A total of 56 focus groups were conducted including 36 focus groups with parents and 20 focus groups with children, of which 74 were boys and 81 girls. Key findings were identified through independent reviews of focus group summary reports using content analysis methods. Findings: Findings were generally consistent across countries. The greatest emphasis was on environmental physical (eg, seasonal influences, availability of facilities and safety), institutional leg, length of breaks at school), and social factors leg, role modeling of parents). Most cited personal factors by parents were age, social economical status, and perceived barriers. Both children and parents mentioned the importance of children's preferences. Conclusions: To increase physical activity levels of young children the intervention should aim at creating an environment (physical, institutional, social) supportive of physical activity. On the other hand strategies should take into account personal factors like age and social economical status and should consider personal barriers too. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2010

3. Oligodendroglial cells in the hippocampal formation in aging and Alzheimer's disease

Author

Lasn, Helen, Šimić, Goran, Winblad, Bengt, and Bogdanović, Nenad

Subjects
nervous system, Alzheimer's disease, oligodendroglia, hippocampus
Abstract

Presence of oligodendroglial cells in the brain is in the close relation to myelination of long projection axons and inhibition of neuritic growth. It was suggested that the pattern of neurofibrillary pathology spreading in Alzheimer's disease resembles the inverse sequence of myelination in the brain (Braak and Braak, 1996). Here we show that in AD brain oligodendroglial cell loss is most pronounced in the hippocampal subfields which undergo extensive neurofibrillary changes during the course of disease. This findings might be in accordance with suggested idea that the lack of oligodendroglial cells and their trophic influence on neurons might lead to destabilization of neuronal cytoskeleton and appearance of neurofibrillary pathology.

Published
1998

4. The principal inferior olivary nucleus in aging and Alzheimer's disease

Author

Lasn, Helen and Lasn, Helen

Abstract

Neuronal degeneration is a commanding event in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Neuronal loss is one of the major hallmarks and is frequently reported in regions with presence of neuritic plaques (NPs) and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) The causative role of â-amyloid (Aâ) and tau protein in neurofibrillary pathology is controversial, and the main trigger for neurodegeneration in AD is still unknown. Thus we investigated neuronal and glial changes in the principal inferior olivary nucleus (PO) in normal aging and AD. This region is known not to develop NPs or NFTs in sporadic AD, although a few diffuse Aâ accumulations can be found. To obtain a precise number of cells an unbiased quantitative methodology should be applied. In the first study using a stereological method, optical fractionator, we estimated the total number of neurons in PO, where we reported a significant neuronal loss of up to 34% in AD group compared to age-matched controls. It is well established that neurons are in very close contact and cohabitation with glial cells. Whether neurons in PO die solely or other cells are involved was not known. In the second study we expanded a quantitative analysis and estimated a total number of oligodendrocytes and astrocytes in PO in AD and control brains. The total number of astrocytes remained unchanged, but oligodendroglial cell number was diminished by 46% indicating interdependent degeneration among neurons and oligodendrocytes. We could conclude that neurodegeneration takes place in AD brains, even in absence of neurofibrillary pathology. The patomechanisms sins behind the neuronal loss are still unknown. In the third study we applied immunohistochemistry with unbiased quantification and ELISA method to analyse astroglial markers (S100B, GFAP and vimentin) known to be involved in neurodegeneration. A 2-fold significant increase of S100B was found by immunohistochemistry and by ELISA in AD vs. age-matched controls. Due to the fact that S100B can have both benefic

Published
2006

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