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This book focuses on the mechanisms of how laser light is produced, guided, and focused for materials processing, and these are explained in an easy-to-understand language for practical use. It emphasizes a basic understanding of the principles necessary to run lasers in a safe and efficient way and provides information for quick access to laser materials processing for laser users. The book exhibits the following features:• Provides simple explanations and descriptions of complex laser material interaction mechanisms to help readers understand relevant effects during laser beam irradiation of materials.• Explains the main high-power laser materials processing methods, giving hints to get started with the processing and how to avoid imperfections.• Focuses on high-power laser applications that are explained in an accessible, descriptive way with practical explanations and minimal formulas.• Teaches how to measure laser beam characteristics and how to install and handle laser equipment correctly.• Gives practical advice on typical equipment arrangements and parameter ranges.This practical handbook serves as a guide for students studying production technologies to learn about laser processes, and for engineers who want to start working with laser processes safely and quickly.

This book introduces the emerging areas of laser-based manufacturing such as additive manufacturing (AM) of metal matrix composites (MMCs), joining of hard-to-weld superalloys, damage-free machining of fiber-reinforced composites, surface properties enhancement using cladding techniques, and modeling and simulation of laser beam manufacturing techniques. Laser Applications in Manufacturing provides a quick guide for researchers and academicians to recent advancements in the development of powder-based MMCs manufactured using AM technology.This book: shows recent developments in functionally graded sheets or laminates and fabrication of fiber-reinforced composite using sheet lamination printing lists recent developments in the joining of dissimilar materials in diverse applications such as hybrid structures and lightweight components for increased performance and functionality includes many recent developments in machining carbon fiber, glass fiber, and natural fiber composite laminates for investigations of delamination and surface quality characteristics showcases different aspects of surface alloying of miniature components, hard and soft composite coating for various applications Laser Applications in Manufacturing is recommended for researchers working on fabrication of numerous new and novel materials. The book serves as a resource for scientists and engineers working in laser-based manufacturing techniques who want to learn about the most up-to-date research.

The book focuses on the causes of failures of oil producing pumps as a result of the aggressive action of the oil-producing environment. To ensure a good durability of the pumps, the application of laser spraying technology is investigated. Keywords: Oil Pumping Complexes, Oil Fluids, Gas Dynamic Analysis, Downhole Pumps, Calculation of Cutting Modes, Causes of Failures, Wear Mechanisms, Gas-Dynamic Calculation, Simulation Flow Software, Laser Spraying, Internal Surfaces, Electric Centrifugal Pumping, Rod Depth Pump, Non-Standard Pumps, Causes of Malfunctions, Restoring Pump Operability, Salt Deposition Inhibitors, Laser Source, Boring Head, Small-Diameter Structures.

This book provides scientific and technological insights on novel techniques of design and manufacturing using laser technologies. It showcases applications of laser micromachining in the biomedical industry, laser-based manufacturing processes in aerospace engineering, and high-precision laser-cutting in the home appliance sector. Features: Each chapter discusses a specific engineering problem and showcases its numerical, and experimental solution Provides scientific and technological insights on novel routes of design and manufacturing using laser technologies Synergizes exploration related to the various properties and functionalities through extensive theoretical and numerical modeling Highlights current issues, developments, and constraints in additive manufacturing Discusses applications of laser cutting machines in the manufacturing industry and laser micromachining for the biomedical industry The text discusses optical, and laser-based green manufacturing technologies and their application in diverse engineering fields including mechanical, electrical, biomedical, and computer. It further covers sustainability issues in laser-based manufacturing technologies and the development of laser-based ultra-precision manufacturing techniques. The text also discusses the use of artificial intelligence and machine learning in laser-based manufacturing techniques. It will serve as an ideal reference text for senior undergraduate, graduate students, and researchers in fields including mechanical engineering, aerospace engineering, manufacturing engineering, and production engineering.

Bringing together contributions from leading experts in the field, this book reviews laser processing concepts that allow the structuring of material beyond optical limits, and methods that facilitate direct observation of the underlying mechanisms by exploring direct structuring and self-organization phenomena. The capacity to nanostructure material using ultrafast lasers lays the groundwork for the next generation of flexible and precise material processing tools. Rapid access to scales of 100 nm and below in two and three dimensions becomes a factor of paramount importance to engineer materials and to design innovative functions. To reflect the dynamic nature of the field at all levels from basic science to applications, the book is divided into three parts, Fundamental Processes, Concepts of Extreme Nanostructuring, and Applications, each of which is comprehensively covered. This book will be a useful resource for graduate students and researchers in laser processing, materials engineering, and nanoscience.

This book provides a comprehensive review of the latest research on the science, technology, and applications of mode-locked fiber lasers generating pulse trains with the evolving state of polarization at time scales ranging from a few pulse widths to 10,000 laser cavity round-trip times. It supports readers with a timely source of information on the current novel scientific concepts, and cost-effective schematics, in addition to an overview of the feasible applications.The book aims to demonstrate for the nonlinear science community a newly emerging field of nonlinear science, and so stimulates the development of new theoretical approaches and opens new horizons for the photonics community by pushing boundaries of the existing laser systems towards new applications. The new classes of optical sources and photonic devices explored in this book will be relevant with applications to other fields, including medicine, bio-photonics, metrology, and environmental safety.Key Features• Provides a cutting edge review of the latest emerging science, technology and applications in the field. • Tackles a topic with fast growing interest in USA, Europe and China. • Explores the simple and cheap design and tests of lasers, and outlines the feasible applications.

This handbook provides an insight into the advancements in surface engineering methods, addressing the microstructural features, properties, mechanisms of surface degradation failures, and tribological performance of the components. Emphasis is placed on the use of laser cladding methods because they make it simple to deposit new classes of materials such nano-composites, nanotubes, and smart materials.Handbook of Laser-Based Sustainable Surface Modification and Manufacturing Techniques discusses the main mechanism behind the surface degradation of structural components in strenuous environments. It highlights the capacity of laser cladding to operate on a wide range of substrate materials and shapes as well as presents how laser cladding can offer new possibilities in the reconditioning of components and how, in many cases, these approaches are the only solution for economic efficiency. The handbook illustrates how the type of laser, laser optics, and the parameters of the process can be efficiently selected, and thus the number of applications of laser cladding and its applications can be increased. The standard methods of testing used for various types of biomedical devices and tools, as well as the advantages of combining laser cladding with simultaneous induction heating, are described as well within this handbook.Features: Discusses the role of claddings fabricated with laser technique to withstand wear and corrosion Highlights the role of laser in the manufacturing of alloys and recent advancements in laser based additive manufacturing processes Presents the possibilities, applications and challenges in laser surfacing Illustrates the post-treatments of powders and coatings and case studies related to laser surface technology Offers the standard methods of testing applied to various types of biomedical devices and tools Goes over the advantages of combining laser cladding with simultaneous induction heating The technical outcomes of these surface engineering methods are helpful for academics, students, and professionals who are working in this field, as this enlightens their understanding of the performance of these latest processes. The audience is broad and multidisciplinary.

Principles of Laser Materials Processing Authoritative resource providing state-of-the-art coverage in the field of laser materials processing, supported with supplementary learning materials Principles of Laser Materials Processing goes over the most recent advancements and applications in laser materials processing, with the second edition providing a welcome update to the successful first edition through updated content on the important fields within laser materials processing. The text includes solved example problems and problem sets suitable for the readers'further understanding of the technology explained. Split into three parts, the text first introduces basic concepts of lasers, including the characteristics of lasers and the design of their components, to aid readers in their initial understanding of the technology. The text then reviews the engineering concepts that are needed to analyze the different processes. Finally, it delves into the background of laser materials and provides a state-of-the-art compilation of material in the major application areas, such as laser cutting and drilling, welding, surface modification, and forming, among many others. It also presents information on laser safety to prepare the reader for working in the industry sector and provide practicing engineers the updates needed to work safely and effectively. In Principles of Laser Materials Processing, readers can expect to find specific information on: Laser generation principles, including basic atomic structure, atomic transitions, population distribution, absorption, and spontaneous emission Optical resonators, including standing waves in a rectangular cavity, planar resonators, beam modes, line selection, confocal resonators, and concentric resonators Laser pumping, including optical pumping, arc/flash lamp pumping, energy distribution in the active medium, and electrical pumping Broadening mechanisms, including line-shape functions, homogeneous broadening such as natural and collision, and inhomogeneous broadening Principles of Laser Materials Processing is highly suitable for senior undergraduate and graduate students studying laser processing, and non-traditional manufacturing processes; it is also aimed at researchers to provide additional information to be used in research projects that are to be undertaken within the technology field.

High power lasers and their applications in production technology have experienced a vivid development during the last decades and now offer improved performance of classical applications in cutting or welding. Processes that are used since a long time have been improved considerably, for instance hardening. More and more new applications have been developed for instance 3D-printing of metals or forming with laser assistance. Therefore, it is important for production engineers to understand the laser technology and explore how it can be used to enhance production speed, quality, and reduce cost.This book treats the basic principles underlying laser technology, long-time-used equipment and processes but also the most recent improvements and applications, then compares it with the competing conventional technologies. Each of these two parts is preceded by tutorials that inform the reader about the physical basis of the respective technologies. In addition, hazards of these technologies and respective protection are treated for both cases. The book concludes with a detailed comparison of competing technologies and lasers to give a prognosis on the future of lasers in manufacturing. It is written in a style that can be read by people without a broad physical basis and avoids the use of derivations and equations but explains all the material in an easily understandable way in simple words.

Lasers are ubiquitous-from deep space communication to lab on the chip to supermarket product scanning. Although they form an integral part of optics & photonics and extensively used in research areas of science and technology to create multibillion dollar industries, the progress in severely limited in the subcontinent due to lack of experimental training in this field. The need of the hour is to have a self-sufficient book containing laser-related concepts readily available to beginners. The book is written keeping undergraduate and graduate students in mind to possibly serve as a textbook. It is also aimed to provide fundamental reference material on ultrafast lasers and photonics for researchers in the field of optics and bioengineering. Key Features: Proposed book deals with the basics of lasers.Contains a chapter dedicated to the required spectroscopy and the one for the line broadening mechanisms.Special emphasis on the phenomena related to modern ultrafast lasers, and their applications.Sufficient mathematics, instead of details have been given to be able to understand the topic by the reader.Basics of lasers, ultrafast lasers, Q-switching and modelocking, characterisation techniques of ultrafast pulses, four wave mixing, semiconductor and fibre lasers, high harmonic generation.

Laser Annealing Processes in Semiconductor Technology: Theory, Modeling and Applications in Nanoelectronics synthesizes the scientific and technological advances of laser annealing processes for current and emerging nanotechnologies. The book provides an overview of the laser-matter interactions of materials and recent advances in modeling of laser-related phenomena, with the bulk of the book focusing on current and emerging (beyond-CMOS) applications. Reviewed applications include laser annealing of CMOS, group IV semiconductors, superconducting materials, photonic materials, 2D materials. This comprehensive book is ideal for post-graduate students, new entrants, and experienced researchers in academia, research and development in materials science, physics and engineering. - Introduces the fundamentals of laser materials and device fabrication methods, including laser-matter interactions and laser-related phenomena - Addresses advances in physical modeling and in predictive simulations of laser annealing processes such as atomistic modeling and TCAD simulations - Reviews current and emerging applications of laser annealing processes such as CMOS technology and group IV semiconductors

This book presents a collection of chapters written by experienced researchers in the fields of laser micro- and nano-scale processing for both surface and bulk processing covering surface modification processes, laser material interaction regimes, laser system construction for micro- and nanomachining applications, and the thermal mathematical modelling of laser processes. As an important reference for researchers in the field of micro- and nano-scale processing, this book aims to assist researchers and postgraduates in becoming familiar with the principles, capabilities and potential of the laser processing of materials quickly. Offering a one-stop reference, this book provides an understanding of the physical phenomena, process principles, latest achievements, and applications from the key researchers and research groups that focus on precision micro- and nano-scale laser processing.Key FeaturesProvides the fundamental processes and applications of laser micromachining.Includes simplified descriptions of the physical principles underlying micromachining.Details the physical phenomena, process principles, and latest achievements.Descriptions, illustrations, and citations will be provided throughout to enhance the reader experience.Mathematical modeling, simulation packages, and experimental procedures will be explained.

High precision, high quality, and high throughput of ultrashort pulse laser ablation of bulk material are the most demanded properties that are required to let this process technology compete with other micro-machining techniques. Previous attempts to increase volumetric ablation rates of ultrashort pulse laser processes were based on the increase of fluence or pulse repetition rates. They run into limitations mainly set by the occurrence of bumpy surfaces due to overheating of bulk material. In this work, the potential of laser beam shaping for the enhancement of ablation rates is studied systematically for the first time. The question regarding the physically shortest possible process time for ablation of 2.5D-structures by means of an ultrashort pulse laser is answered using a heat conduction model, which is extended by the ability to consider spatially shaped beams. The strategy of laser beam stamping is implemented in a novel optical setup and proven both theoretically and experimentally to have a great potential for increasing ablation rates.

Triply Periodic Minimal Surface Lattices by Selective Laser Melting Additive Manufacturing presents the design, manufacturing, microstructure, mechanical properties and applications of TPMS structures fabricated by selective laser additive manufacturing technology. The title explains these complex and useful structures based on systematic work in the UK and China. Sections introduce structure design methods, assess TPMS structures, explain mathematical their modeling, present the manufacturing, microstructure, mechanical and fatigue properties of metal uniform TPMS structures, discuss manufacturing and mechanical responses for functionally graded TPMS structures, give numerical analysis methods for predicting the mechanics of uniform and functionally graded TPMS structures, and more. - Presents the state-of-the art in triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) structures by surface laser melting (SLM) - Describes how to assess manufacturability of TPMS structures by additive manufacturing (AM) - Analyzes the mechanical properties of TPMS structures through experimental and numerical methods - Details topology optimization for pore size - Gives fatigue fracture mechanics for TPMS structures

Laser powder bed fusion of metals is a technology that makes use of a laser beam to selectively melt metal powder layer-by-layer in order to fabricate complex geometries in high performance materials. The technology is currently transforming aerospace and biomedical manufacturing and its adoption is widening into other industries as well, including automotive, energy, and traditional manufacturing. With an increase in design freedom brought to bear by additive manufacturing, new opportunities are emerging for designs not possible previously and in material systems that now provide sufficient performance to be qualified in end-use mission-critical applications. After decades of research and development, laser powder bed fusion is now enabling a new era of digitally driven manufacturing. Fundamentals of Laser Powder Bed Fusion of Metals will provide the fundamental principles in a broad range of topics relating to metal laser powder bed fusion. The target audience includes new users, focusing on graduate and undergraduate students; however, this book can also serve as a reference for experienced users as well, including senior researchers and engineers in industry. The current best practices are discussed in detail, as well as the limitations, challenges, and potential research and commercial opportunities moving forward. - Presents laser powder bed fusion fundamentals, as well as their inherent challenges - Provides an up-to-date summary of this advancing technology and its potential - Provides a comprehensive textbook for universities, as well as a reference for industry - Acts as quick-reference guide

Laser cladding is an additive manufacturing technology capable of producing coatings due to the surface fusion of metals. The selected powder is fed into a focused laser beam to be melted and deposited as coating. This allows to apply material in a selected way onto those required sections of complex components. The process main properties are the production of a perfect metallurgically bonded and fully dense coatings; the minimal heat affected zone and low dilution between the substrate and filler material resulting in functional coatings that perform at reduced thickness, so fewer layers are applied; fine, homogeneous microstructure resulting from the rapid solidification rate that promotes wear resistance of carbide coatings; near net-shape weld build-up requires little finishing effort; extended weldability of sensitive materials like carbon-rich steels or nickel-based superalloys that are difficult or even impossible to weld using conventional welding processes; post-weld heat treatment is often eliminated as the small heat affected zone minimizes component stress; excellent process stability and reproducibility because it is numerical controlled welding process. The typical applications are the dimensional restoration; the wear and corrosion protection; additive manufacturing. The wide range of materials that can be deposited and its suitability for treating small areas make laser cladding particularly appropriate to tailor surface properties to local service requirements and it opens up a new perspective for surface engineered materials. The main key aspect to be scientifically and technologically explored are the type of laser; the powders properties; the processing parameters; the consequent microstructural and mechanical properties of the processed material; the capability of fabrication of prototypes to rapid tooling and rapid manufacturing.Distills critical concepts, methods, and applications from leading full-lengthchapters, along with the authors's own deep understanding of the material taught, into a concise yet rigorous graduate and advanced undergraduate text;Reinforces concepts covered with detailed solutions to illuminating and challenging industrial applications;Discusses current and future applications of laser cladding in additive manufacturing.

This reference presents comprehensive information about laser surface treatments for tribological applications. Chapters of the book highlight the importance of laser technology in modifying materials to optimize the effects of friction and lubrication, by explaining a range of surface modification methods used in industries. These methods include hardening, melting, alloying, cladding and texturing. The knowledge in the book is intended to give an in-depth understanding about the role of laser technology in tribology and the manufacture of industrial materials and surfaces for special applications.Key Features:- 10 chapters on topics relevant to tribology and industrial applications of laser material processing- Comprehensively covers laser surface modification of metals and alloys- Explains a wide range of surface modification methods (hardening, melting, alloying, cladding and texturing)- Covers material and tribological characterization of surfaces- Presents information in a simple structured layout for easy reading, with introductory notes for learners- Provides references for further readingThis book is an ideal reference for students and learners in courses related to engineering, manufacturing and materials science. Researchers, industrial professionals and general readers interested in laser assisted machining processes and surface modification techniques will also find the book to be an informative reference on the subject.

This book is written for new and experienced engineers, technology managers, and senior technicians who want to enrich their understanding of the image formation physics of a lithographic system. Readers will gain knowledge of the basic equations and constants that drive optical lithography, learn the basics of exposure systems and image formation, and come away with a full understanding of system components, processing, and optimization. Readers will also get an overview of the outlook of optical lithography and means to enhance semiconductor manufacturing. This second edition blends the author's unique experience in research, teaching, and world-class high-volume manufacturing to add brand new material on proximity printing, as well as updated and expanded material on exposure systems, image formation, E-D methodology, hardware components, processing and optimization, and EUV and immersion lithographies.

Special topic volume with invited peer-reviewed papers only

Technology has brought about the age of convenience, but at a hefty cost. As a result of a growing production demand on a global scale, adhesive bonding operations also generate a huge amount of hazardous waste. Adhesive bonding, an integral step in manufacturing across several sectors, is one of many culprits of the unprecedented overproduction and environmental burden of municipal, industrial, and hazardous waste. If a cleaner, greener bonding process is formulated, hazardous waste production can be reined in and the world can be safer. Using Lasers as Safe Alternatives for Adhesive Bonding: Emerging Research and Opportunities is a pivotal reference source that analyzes the new conditions for laser processing in the context of adhesive bonding. The book includes the results of experimental research, giving grounds to believe that laser technology has a future in the preparation of products for bonding. From this research, the book presents conclusions for eliminating poisonous chemicals, a threat to humans and the environment, and the burden of liquid and solid waste. It further outlines limitations and requirements imposed on people, such as the need to use personal protective equipment, to establish specific work procedures to ensure the safety of working with lasers, with a view to the future implementation of laser technology in manufacturing facilities. Featuring coverage of a wide range of topics including static strength, surface preparation, and beam impact, this book is ideally designed for engineers, policymakers, researchers, academicians, and students.

Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy, Second Edition, covers the basic principles and latest developments in instrumentation and applications of Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS). Written by active experts in the field, it serves as a useful resource for analytical chemists and spectroscopists, as well as graduate students and researchers engaged in the fields of combustion, environmental science, and planetary and space exploration. This fully revised second edition includes several new chapters on new LIBS techniques as well as several new applications, including flame and off-gas measurement, pharmaceutical samples, defense applications, carbon sequestration and site monitoring, handheld instruments, and more. LIBS has rapidly developed into a major analytical technology with the capability of detecting all chemical elements in a sample, of real- time response, and of close-contact or stand-off analysis of targets. It does not require any sample preparation, unlike conventional spectroscopic analytical techniques. Samples in the form of solids, liquids, gels, gases, plasmas, and biological materials (like teeth, leaves, or blood) can be studied with almost equal ease. This comprehensive reference introduces the topic to readers in a simple, direct, and accessible manner for easy comprehension and maximum utility. - Covers even more applications of LIBS beyond the first edition, including combustion, soil physics, environment, and life sciences - Includes new chapters on LIBS techniques that have emerged in the last several years, including Femtosecond LIBS and Molecular LIBS - Provides inspiration for future developments in this rapidly growing field in the concluding chapter

Selective Laser Melting for Metal Matrix Composites explains in detail the essential preparation and characterization methods for this technology, and explores a range of innovative applications. The subject covered by this book has been the focus of increasing levels of research both in industry and academia globally. The authors have drawn on their influential cutting-edge research to provide a much-needed guide for those investigating or applying this technology. The novel material preparation methodologies addressed here provide new opportunities to expand the applications of additive manufacturing, particularly in industries such as aerospace, medical, automotive, and electronics. These applications, as well as the theory behind this technology are also covered in this book, providing a complete guide which is appropriate for engineers in industry as well as researchers. - Provides descriptions of the microstructure and properties of the components produced - Explains emerging applications of this technology in a range of industries - Covers a range of different materials including iron base, and aluminium and titanium composites - Summarises the current research landscape in this field, and signposts the problems in metal matrix composites which remain to be solved

The first book devoted to laser techniques in the generation and reception of ultrasonic waves in materials, Laser Ultrasonics: Techniques and Applications provides a full description of the state of the art in all fields involving both lasers and ultrasonics. This practical book focuses mainly on the possible applications of the techniques, yet th

This reference focuses on the current state of fundamental research and industrial achievements in the field of precision laser processing of a wide range of metal, semiconductor and dielectric materials. The possibilities of microprocessing by pulsed nanosecond laser radiation and copper vapor laser systems are analyzed. Design and operation principles, ways to increase their efficiency and reliability, and a series of modern automated technological installations are described. The work will be of interest to specialists, engineers, students and graduate students working and studying in the field of laser technology and optics, laser and information technology.

The acronym Laser is derived from Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation. With the advent of the ruby laser in 1960, there has been tremendous research activity in developing novel, more versatile and more efficient laser sources or devices, as lasers applications are ubiquitous. Today, lasers are used in many areas of human endeavor and are routinely employed in a host of diverse fields: various branches of engineering, microelectronics, biomedical, medicine, dentistry, surgery, surface modification, to name just a few. In this book (containing 10 chapters) we have focused on application of lasers in adhesion and related areas. The topics covered include: Topographical modification of polymers and metals by laser ablation to create superhydrophobic surfaces. Non-ablative laser surface modification. Laser surface modification to enhance adhesion. Laser surface engineering of materials to modulate their wetting behavior. Laser surface modification in dentistry. Laser polymer welding. Laser based adhesion testing technique to measure thin film-substrate interface toughness. Laser surface removal of hard thin ceramic coatings. Laser removal of particles from surfaces. Laser induced thin film debonding for micro-device fabrication applications.

The Laser Cutting Process: Analysis and Applications presents a comprehensive understanding of the laser cutting process and its practical applications. The book includes modeling, such as thermal and stress analysis, along with lamp parameter analysis for kerf width predictions and their practical applications, such as laser cutting of metallic and non-metallic materials and assessment of quality. The book provides analytical considerations for laser cutting, the importance of the affecting parameters, stress levels formed in the cutting section, cutting efficiency and cut morphology and metallurgy. It is designed to be used by individuals working in laser machining and high energy processing. - Fills the gap between a fundamental understanding of the laser cutting process and the shortcomings of the industrial (practical) applications - Discusses new developments in the laser cutting process of difficult to cut materials - Includes thermal analysis for various metallic and non-metallic materials - Provides information on Quality Assessment Methods

Advances in Laser Materials Processing: Technology, Research and Application, Second Edition, provides a revised, updated and expanded overview of the area, covering fundamental theory, technology and methods, traditional and emerging applications and potential future directions. The book begins with an overview of the technology and challenges to applying the technology in manufacturing. Parts Two thru Seven focus on essential techniques and process, including cutting, welding, annealing, hardening and peening, surface treatments, coating and materials deposition. The final part of the book considers the mathematical modeling and control of laser processes. Throughout, chapters review the scientific theory underpinning applications, offer full appraisals of the processes described and review potential future trends. - A comprehensive practitioner guide and reference work explaining state-of-the-art laser processing technologies in manufacturing and other disciplines - Explores challenges, potential, and future directions through the continuous development of new, application-specific lasers in materials processing - Provides revised, expanded and updated coverage

This book describes the application of ultrafast laser science and technology in materials and processing relevant to industry today, including ultrafast laser ablation where fundamental studies have led to the development of the world's first femtosecond photomask repair tool. Semiconductor manufacturing companies worldwide use the tool to repair photomask defects, saving hundreds of millions in production costs. The most up-to-date ultrafast laser technologies are described and methods to generate high harmonics for photoelectron spectroscopy of industrially important materials are covered, with an emphasis on practical laboratory implementation. Basic device physics merged with photoemission studies from single- and polycrystalline materials are described. Extensions to new methods for extracting key device properties of metal-oxide-semiconductor structures, including band offsets, effective work functions, semiconductor band bending and defect-related charging in a number of technologically important gate oxides are detailed. Polycrystalline photovoltaic materials and heterostructures as well as organic light emitting materials are covered. This book describes both the history, and most recent applications of ultrafast laser science to industrially relevant materials, processes and devices.

The book covers recent advances and progress in understanding both the fundamental science of lasers interactions in materials science, as well as a special emphasis on emerging applications enabled by the irradiation of materials by pulsed laser systems. The different chapters illustrate how, by careful control of the processing conditions, laser irradiation can result in efficient material synthesis, characterization, and fabrication at various length scales from atomically-thin 2D materials to microstructured periodic surface structures. This book serves as an excellent resource for all who employ lasers in materials science, spanning such different disciplines as photonics, photovoltaics, and sensing, to biomedical applications.

The Laser world consists basically of two areas, which are necessary and in many cases also sufficient for effective innovation: The right laser for the right application. For the individual application that means the determination of optimized process parameters in terms of laser power, peak power/ intensity, focus geometry and dimension, pulse length, pulse repetition rate and wavelength to name only the six most important ones. Once these parameters are identified, the corresponding Laser has to be selected on the basis of commercial availability. Obviously there is no such thing than'One Laser for all'. The situation is rather comparable with electrical power, were depending on the demand of the application in terms of voltage, current and time corresponding power supplies need to be tailored, however, with the difference that in the case of the Laser the variety of parameters is even higher, thus the technology is more complex but on the other hand much more flexible in terms optimizing the source to the application. As a consequence it is suggested to generate two volumes on Lasers and Applications named'Tailored Light'.

The first book on this hot topic includes such major research areas as printed electronics, sensors, biomaterials and 3D cell printing. Well-structured and with a strong focus on applications, the text is divided in three sections with the first describing the fundamentals of laser transfer. The second provides an overview of the wide variety of materials that can be used for laser transfer processing, while the final section comprehensively discusses a number of practical uses, including printing of electronic materials, printing of 3D structures as well as large-area, high-throughput applications. The book is rounded off by a look at the future for laser printed materials. Invaluable reading for a broad audience ranging from material developers to mechanical engineers, from academic researchers to industrial developers and for those interested in the development of micro-scale additive manufacturing techniques.

The revised edition of this important reference volume presents an expanded overview of the analytical and numerical approaches employed when exploring and developing modern laser materials processing techniques. The book shows how general principles can be used to obtain insight into laser processes, whether derived from fundamental physical theory or from direct observation of experimental results. The book gives readers an understanding of the strengths and limitations of simple numerical and analytical models that can then be used as the starting-point for more elaborate models of specific practical, theoretical or commercial value.Following an introduction to the mathematical formulation of some relevant classes of physical ideas, the core of the book consists of chapters addressing key applications in detail: cutting, keyhole welding, drilling, arc and hybrid laser-arc welding, hardening, cladding and forming. The second edition includes a new a chapter on glass cuttingwith lasers, as employed in the display industry.A further addition is a chapter on meta-modelling, whose purpose is to construct fast, simple and reliable models based on appropriate sources of information. It then makes it easy to explore data visually and is a convenient interactive tool for scientists to improve the quality of their models and for developers when designing their processes. As in the first edition, the book ends with an updated introduction to comprehensive numerical simulation. Although the book focuses on laser interactions with materials, many of the principles and methods explored can be applied to thermal modelling in a variety of different fields and at different power levels. It is aimed principally however at academic and industrial researchers and developers in the field of laser technology.

The study of fiber lasers is an advanced field of modern science entering all branches of science. This field continues to vastly expend with state-of-the-art developments across the entire spectrum of scientific, military, medical, industrial and commercial applications ranging from spectroscopy to material cutting, welding and marking. This book is a self-contained collection of scholarly papers targeting an audience of practicing researchers, academics, PhD students and other scientists. This book describes advanced research and applications of the rapidly developing field of fiber laser technology filling the very important role of providing students, researchers, and technology managers with valuable, timely, and unbiased information on the subject. The objective of this book is to highlight recent progress and trends in fiber laser technology. The authors hope that this book will be useful for students, researchers, and professionals who are working in the area of fiber lasers. This book will serve also as an interesting and valuable reference that will impact, stimulate and promote further advances in the area of fiber lasers. In summary, the book discusses some of the most important topics that have made a tremendous impact in the growth of science and technology today.

Die laseradditive Fertigung bietet durch ihre hohe geometrische Gestaltungsfreiheit insbesondere für Leichtbauanwendungen in der Luftfahrt großes Potential. Vor diesem Hintergrund erfolgt im Rahmen der Arbeit die Entwicklung von Konstruktionsrichtlinien für die verfahrensgerechte Bauteilkonstruktion und ihre Übertragung auf eine Methodik für die Konstruktion mittels laseradditiver Fertigung hergestellter Leichtbaustrukturen. Das Vorgehen wird anhand von zwei Bauteilen aus der Luftfahrtindustrie erarbeitet und demonstriert.

Insbesondere die pulverbettbasierte laseradditive Fertigung (LAM) etabliert sich in der Luft- und Raumfahrt, der Medizintechnik sowie dem Fahrzeugbau als Fertigungstechnologie von Funktions- und Serienbauteilen. Die hohen Anforderungen an die Qualität und strukturelle Integrität dieser Industrien erfordern, die Eigenschaften von laseradditiv gefertigtem TiAl6V4 besonders im Hinblick auf zyklische Beanspruchung detailliert zu untersuchen. Der Autor identifiziert dazu die einzelnen prozessinhärenten mikro- und makrostrukturellen Werkstoff- und Bauteileigenschaften und untersucht deren Einfluss auf das Ermüdungsverhalten.

Since its first report in 1970 by A. Ashkin, optical trapping and manipulation has been widely used in the interdisciplines of micro- and nano-photonics, biophotonics, biomedicine, etc. A conventional tool for optical trapping and manipulation is the conventional optical tweezer (COT), the core part of which is a free-space focused laser beam. However, manipulation with COTs has some limitations such as manipulation inflexibility, bulky structure, diffraction limitation for nanoparticles, and limited integration functions. The introduction of optical fiber-based optical trapping and manipulation has solved these limitations. Using optical fibers with different configurations, optical trapping and manipulation with multiple functions can be realized with high flexibility, precision, and integration. By launching laser beams with different wavelengths into the fiber, both the photothermal effect and optical force can be used for optical trapping and manipulation. For the optical force manipulation, both evanescent fields at the surface of a subwavelength optical fiber and light output from a fiber end can be used for optical manipulation. The manipulation with light output from a fiber end can be divided into dual fiber tweezers and single fiber tweezers. For single fiber tweezers, one can realize the stable trapping of single particles both in a contact and non-contact manner for further applications. In addition, single fiber tweezers can also be used for multiple particle trapping and cell assembly, which can further be used for the assembly of biophotonic components and devices. Furthermore, by placing microparticles, which act as microlens at the end facet of an optical fiber, the microlens can be served as a photonic nanojet. This fiber supported photonic nanojet can be easily used for the trapping and detection of nanoparticles and biomolecules. Optical fiber-based optical trapping and manipulation have the advantages of easy fabrication, compact configuration, flexible manipulation, easy integration, wide applicability, etc., which provides for a wide application of prospects in micro- and nano-photonics, biophotonics, and biomedicine.

Laser Additive Manufacturing: Materials, Design, Technologies, and Applications provides the latest information on this highly efficient method of layer-based manufacturing using metals, plastics, or composite materials. The technology is particularly suitable for the production of complex components with high precision for a range of industries, including aerospace, automotive, and medical engineering. This book provides a comprehensive review of the technology and its range of applications. Part One looks at materials suitable for laser AM processes, with Part Two discussing design strategies for AM. Parts Three and Four review the most widely-used AM technique, powder bed fusion (PBF) and discuss other AM techniques, such as directed energy deposition, sheet lamination, jetting techniques, extrusion techniques, and vat photopolymerization. The final section explores the range of applications of laser AM. - Provides a comprehensive one-volume overview of advances in laser additive manufacturing - Presents detailed coverage of the latest techniques used for laser additive manufacturing - Reviews both established and emerging areas of application

Laser Surface Modification of Biomaterials: Techniques and Applications covers this expanding field, which has many potential applications, including biomaterials. Laser surface modification of biomaterials enables the production of hybrid materials with different functionality in the bulk as well as the thin, sub-micrometer surface layer. This book will provide readers with a comprehensive review of the technology and its applications. Chapters in Part 1 look at the techniques and considerations of laser surface modification, while Part 2 reviews laser surface modification techniques of the most important classes of biomaterials, with a final set of chapters discussing application specific laser surface modification. - Offers a comprehensive review of laser surface modification techniques - Presents recent developments, fundamentals, and progress in laser surface modification - Reviews laser surface modification applications across a range of materials - Emphasizes applications in biomaterials

The use of lasers in material processing has become a useful method for transforming industrial materials into finished products. The benefits of laser material processing are vast, including increased precision, high processing speed, and dustless cutting and drilling. Advanced Manufacturing Techniques Using Laser Material Processing explores the latest methodologies for using lasers in materials manufacturing and production, the benefits of using lasers in industrial settings, as well as future outlooks for this technology. This innovative publication is an essential reference source for professionals, researchers, and graduate-level students studying manufacturing technologies and industrial engineering.

Dieses essential stellt das Selektive Lasersintern als Verfahren der additiven Fertigung im Kontext anderer 3D-Druck-Prozesse vor. Manfred Schmid erläutert verschiedene Technologien, die zu den additiven Verfahren gezählt werden, und gibt einen Einblick in die Prozessprinzipien und Werkstoffe. Die grundlegenden Werkstoffvarianten unterschiedlicher Hersteller werden ebenso thematisiert wie die Limitationen des Verfahrens aufgrund reduzierter Bauteildichte und -anisotropie. Das anspruchsvolle Verfahren des Lasersinterns, das die Stufe vom Prototyping zur Produktion überwinden und eine „echte“ Fertigungstechnologie werden kann, wird detailliert, aber dennoch in kompakter Form beschrieben. Ein Ausblick hinsichtlich bereits vorliegender und gewünschter alternativer Materialien rundet das essential ab.

Lasers can alter the surface composition and properties of materials in a highly controllable way, which makes them efficient and cost-effective tools for surface engineering. This book provides an overview of the different techniques, the laser-material interactions and the advantages and disadvantages for different applications. Part one looks at laser heat treatment, part two covers laser additive manufacturing such as laser-enhanced electroplating, and part three discusses laser micromachining, structuring and surface modification. Chemical and biological applications of laser surface engineering are explored in part four, including ways to improve the surface corrosion properties of metals. - Provides an overview of thermal surface treatments using lasers, including the treatment of steels, light metal alloys, polycrystalline silicon and technical ceramics - Addresses the development of new metallic materials, innovations in laser cladding and direct metal deposition, and the fabrication of tuneable micro- and nano-scale surface structures - Chapters also cover laser structuring, surface modification, and the chemical and biological applications of laser surface engineering

Diese Dissertation beschreibt, wie durch die Anpassung der Belichtungsstrategie eine luftdurchlässige Mesostruktur erzeugt wird. Der Autor geht der Frage nach, welchen Einfluss die Geometrieparameter auf die Luftdurchlässigkeit, die mechanische Robustheit und die thermischen Eigenschaften haben. Zum Abschluss wird als Referenzanwendung ein Druckluftauswerfersystem für Kunststoffspritzgiesswerkzeuge realisiert. Dieses ersetzt das mechanische System vollständig und bietet zusätzlich ein Plagiatsschutzmerkmal. Für Wissenschaftler, Anwender und Konstrukteure, die sich mit der laseradditiven Fertigung auseinandersetzen ist das Buch gleichermaßen von besonderem Interesse.

A Focus on SLM and SLS Methods in 3D Printing is an indispensable collection of articles for anyone involved in additive manufacturing - from academics and researchers through to engineers and managers within the manufacturing industry. The collection features examples of innovative research involving selective laser melting and selective laser sintering techniques applied across a range of contexts.

This book introduces laser pulse heating and thermal stress analysis in materials surface. Analytical temperature treatments and stress developed in the surface region are also explored. The book will help the reader analyze the laser induced stress in the irradiated region and presents solutions for the stress field. Detailed thermal stress analysis in different laser pulse heating situations and different boundary conditions are also presented. Written for surface engineers.