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Copyright of Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Hortícolas is the property of Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Horticolas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Cientifica de la Facultade de Veterinaria is the property of Universidad del Zulia, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of SHILAP Revista de Lepidopterologia is the property of Sociedad Hispano-Luso-Americana de Lepidopterologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objetivo. Presentar un procedimiento de bajo costo para la cría y mantenimiento de S. frugiperda en condiciones de laboratorio para obtener material biológico óptimo para fines de investigación. Materiales y métodos. Estos procedimientos se basan en el documento del Centro Internacional de Mejoramiento de Maíz y Trigo (CIMMYT) “Técnicas eficientes para la crianza masiva e infestación de insectos en la selección de plantas hospedantes para resistencia al gusano cogollero”, nuestra experiencia en la cría del gusano, y en la literatura publicada. Resultados. Se describen los procedimientos para la colecta en campo del pie de cría y las medidas de cuidado para la cría en cada fase del ciclo biológico del gusano cogollero S. frugiperda. En varios casos se ajustaron o mejoraron los métodos publicados, también se comentan varios problemas que se presentan en la cría y la manera de evitarlos; además, se incluye el procedimiento para regular la densidad de la población de la cría y las técnicas utilizadas para obtener larvas en tercer estadio, el cual normalmente se utiliza en los trabajos de investigación por ser la etapa óptima para el control de daños en los cultivos ocasionados por este insecto. Con los procedimientos presentados se puede obtener 85% de supervivencia a la etapa adulta. Conclusión. Se cumplió el objetivo.

Copyright of Revista Ciencia y Tecnología Agropecuaria is the property of Agrosavia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The early development of Markiana nigripinnis is described by morphological characters, pigmentation, and morphometry. Larvae were obtained through seminatural breeding, collected, fixed, and identified according to their development. Eighty individuals with standard lengths ranging from 3.1 to 24.3 mm were analyzed. Larvae are poorly developed at hatching, with a relatively large yolk sac and finfold. At the preflexion stage, the eyes are pigmented, the mouth and anus are functional, the yolk is completely absorbed, and the pectoral fin bud emerges. At flexion, the first rays of the caudal, anal, and dorsal fins become evident. The pelvic fin bud emerges only at the postflexion stage, in addition to the complete absorption of the finfold. Pigmentation is distributed throughout the body, with a greater concentration on the top of the head, around the mouth, and at the base of the caudal fin. The myomere total number ranged from 34 to 49 (16-23 preanal, and 18-27 postanal). Juveniles show morphological characteristics like adults. The fins ray number are pectoral: 11-13, pelvic: 5-7, dorsal: 8-11, caudal: 16-27, and anal 30-47. The morphometric relationships reveal variations in growth along the early ontogeny of the species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introducción. Spodoptera frugiperda tiene la capacidad de formar grandes poblaciones y su alta tasa de diseminación, convierten a esta especie en una plaga de impacto económico. Las pérdidas debido a plagas y enfermedades se estiman en un 37 % de la producción agrícola mundial, con un 13 % a causa de los insectos. Objetivo. Evaluar el ataque, establecimiento y dinámica poblacional de orugas de cogollero en líneas de maíz. Materiales y métodos. El estudio se realizó en laboratorio del Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales Agrícolas y Pecuarias y en el Instituto Tecnológico de Roque, ubicado en Celaya, Guanajuato, en 2019. Se estableció la siembra manual y cuando las plántulas alcanzaron V4, a los veinticinco días después de la siembra, se infestaron con larvas estadio IV. Para medir la dinámica poblacional, se realizaron muestreos a partir del día veintiséis, lo que cubrió todo el ciclo biológico (huevecillos, larva I, larva II, larva III, larva IV, larva V, pupa y adulto). Se empleó un diseño experimental completamente al azar con diez genotipos y diez repeticiones. Resultados. Los estadios de S. frugiperda que generaron mayor variabilidad en las líneas de maíz fueron larvas IV y V. La dinámica poblacional mostró diferencias entre genotipos tolerantes con una población acumulada de cuatro a siete orugas en estadio IV y V, mientras que los susceptibles presentaron siete a veintiuna larvas IV y catorce a veintiuna larvas estadio V. Las líneas sobresalientes de maíz presentaron un acumulado de dos a seis larvas IV y cuatro a cinco orugas en estadio V por planta. Conclusión. La variabilidad fue mayor en los estadios larvarios IV y V de Spodoptera frugiperda, que sucedió entre los 26 y 54 días después de la siembra. En los genotipos tolerantes de maíz se encontraron hasta siete larvas por planta, mientras que en los susceptibles presentaron veintiún orugas.

La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo establecer la efectividad de la cepa de Beauveria bassiana irradiada con UV-C en el control de adultos de Cosmopolites sordidus y larvas del III estadío de Spodoptera frugiperda. Se utilizaron 10 larvas del estadío III de la plaga del cogollero y diez adultos del picudo negro del banano que fueron enfrentadas a cinco concentraciones de dos cepas de Beauveria bassiana, una cepa no irradiada sin tratamiento y una experimental irradiada con luz UV-C a 12h (BI12H) a una concentración de: 3 x 107, 4 x 107, 5 x 107, 6 x 107, 7 x 107 conidias/ml con 3 repeticiones cada una. Los resultados mostraron una actividad entomopatógena para la cepa irradiada en donde la efectividad se obtuvo con la concentración letal media CL50 de las plagas infectadas con el entomopatógeno y en la concentración mínima efectiva de 3 x 107 conidias/ml para ambas cepas trabajadas. Se concluyó que la cepa irradiada Beauveria bassiana tiene efecto entomopatógeno frente a las plagas Cosmopolites sordidus y larvas del III estadio de Spodoptera frugiperda.

El pez conejo Lagocephalus laevigatus registra diez especies de helmintos de las cuales nueve no han sido reportadas para la especie, lo cual los convierte en nuevos registros. Cestodos y trematodos registran los valores más altos de abundancia. Se reportan estadios larvales del género Nybelinia sp. y Scyphophyllidium sp. Bianium plicitum se vuelve a registrar en L. laevigatus. El nematodo Hysterothylacium aduncum presenta un alto nivel de individuos con bajos valores de prevalencia e intensidad media, mientras que Hysterothylacium sp. registra las prevalencias más altas. Las larvas de acantocéfalos (cistacantos) muestran niveles altos en prevalencia (45.16%). Este es el primer trabajo que reporta la helmintofauna de L. laevigatus en la localidad de Chachalacas y el Golfo de México.

Con el objetivo de evaluar el efecto de la harina de Spirulina platensis en dietas microparticuladas para larvas de camarón blanco Litopenaeus schmitti, se desarrolló un diseño totalmente al azar con 4 tratamientos y tres réplicas. Se evaluaron tres dietas artificiales (0, 2,5 y 5% de inclusión de harina de Spirulina) y un control alimentado con Artemia a razón de 5 nauplios.ml -1, desde mysis I (MI) hasta la primera postlarva (PL1), durante 120 horas. Al final del experimento se determinó la talla final y la supervivencia, y se calculó el índice de desarrollo. Se realizó el cómputo químico de las dietas, tomando como referencia el patrón aminoacídico de las postlarvas de L. schmitti. Triptofano e histidina fueron el primer y segundo aminoácidos limitantes en todos los tratamientos. La supervivencia se mantuvo cerca del 80% para todos los casos. El crecimiento de las larvas no presentó diferencias significativas (p>0.05) entre los alimentos microparticulados ensayados, obteniéndose la talla final mayor al utilizar nauplios de Artemia. Las larvas que consumieron el alimento vivo y la dieta microparticulada enriquecida con 5% de Spirulina alcanzaron los mayores valores de índice de desarrollo.

A toxocaríase é uma doença zoonótica causada pelo parasito Toxocara canis, que tem como habitat o intestino delgado de cães. A infecção humana ocorre através da ingestão de ovos embrionados presentes no ambiente contaminado, como consumo de alimentos crus ou beber água contaminada com ovos do parasito. Essa enfermidade tem ampla distribuição geográfica e a falta de precauções e controle da doença, juntamente com condições inadequadas de vida dos animais, ampliam os riscos de transmissão. Portanto, medidas profiláticas, como vermifugação regular de animais e essencialmente a higienização adequada do ambiente, de alimentos e água são importantes para diminuir casos de contaminação. Neste sentido o presente estudo busca testar reagentes desinfetantes para inviabilizar a larva no interior dos ovos de T. canis, com o intuito de controlar essa enfermidade. Para esse estudo foram utilizados parasitos da espécie T. canis, fornecidos por uma clínica veterinária, onde os ovos foram recuperados, purificados e distribuídos em poços de placas de cultura, a qual foi adicionado diferentes reagentes desinfetantes em diferentes concentrações e tempos. Posteriormente o conteúdo foi lavado e os ovos transferidos para garrafas de cultura e adicionado PBS. Como controle, amostras de ovos foram mantidas em água destilada. Após 40 dias, com auxílio de microscópio, foi realizado a observação do desenvolvimento larvar no interior dos ovos. Para determinar a viabilidade da larva foi observado a embriogênese, com o desenvolvimento larvar em seu interior. De doze produtos testados um demonstrou eficácia, em inativar a embriogênese larvar de T. canis, quando exposto ao reagente desinfetante após 24 e 48 horas, sem estar diluído. Os dados obtidos neste estudo poderão contribuir para o desenvolvimento de programas mais efetivos para o controle desta enfermidade.

Cattle breeding has great importance in the Brazilian economy, however, diseases affect production, causing economic losses, such as myiasis. The causative agent of myiasis is Cochliomyia hominivorax, the screwworm fly. The agents are suitable for tropical and subtropical regions in Brazil, and exhibit parasitic drug resistance. The objective of this work was to verify the occurrence of C. hominivorax in cattle in the state of Maranhão, Brazil. In the first stage, 19 dairy and beef cattle properties were chosen, distributed in 11 municipalities in Maranhão. Questionnaires asked about the management, the drugs used and the cost of prevention related to the disease. The cattle were examined by inspection, partially collecting the larvae found on the body surface. The number of larvae per bovine, location of lesions, origin and complications were observed and noted. Then, the collected specimens were placed in individual flasks, per sampled host, containing alcohol at 70°Gay-Lussac (GL). In the second stage, the fly larvae were identified in the laboratory, examined under a stereomicroscope and identified by their morphology and analysis of perithematics plaques and respiratory spiracles. It was found more that 60% (12/19) of the properties had parasitized cattle. Among the 4.509 animals observed, 0.57% (26/4509) were parasitized with the larvae of C. hominivorax. Infestations were found in the navel (50%), as well as in the neck plate (42%), vulva (4%) and horn (4%). It is concluded that there was a low prevalence of myiasis caused by C. hominivorax in cattle in the state of Maranhão, but prevention and health care should always be adopted by livestock farmers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The Clown anemonefish (Amphiprion ocellaris) is the most popular fish species in the marine aquarium trade; however, there is a lack of information on their digestive physiology during larval ontogeny, valuable information needed for diet design and management protocols. Objective: To characterize the early digestive enzymes of A. ocellaris larvae. Methods: We used three pools (10 larvae each) and extracted 10 samples per tank, from just before hatching to the 38th day. We analyzed the specific activity of acid and alkaline proteases, trypsin, chymotrypsin, leucine aminopeptidase and lipase; and did acid and alkaline protease zymograms. Results: We detected all measured enzymes at hatching. Acid proteases increased in activity until the 38th day. Alkaline proteases, trypsin, chymotrypsin, and leucine aminopeptidase had the same pattern, and maximum activity on the 8th day, decreasing at the 38th day. Lipase activity peaked on the 8th and 30th day. The acid zymogram had a single band, appearing on the 8th day. A total of eight alkaline proteases were revealed (154.2, 128.1, 104.0, 59.8, 53.5, 41.9, 36.5 and 25.1 KDa), with seven bands on the 1st day and all bands from the 3rd to 8th day, decreasing at two bands (41.9 and 25.1 KDa) in the 38th day. Conclusion: A. ocellaris has a functional stomach on the 8th day, and, on the 38th day, a digestive omnivore pattern with a tendency to carnivory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista CIENCIA UNEMI is the property of Universidad Estatal de Milagro (UNEMI) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Biológico Agropecuaria Tuxpan is the property of Revista Biologico Agropecuaria Tuxpan and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

These new species are discovered and described based on the combination of their distinctive COI barcodes, Barcode Index Numbers (BIN), overall morphology, genitalia, and life histories. The genus Nystalea Guenée (Notodontidae, Nystaleinae) is reviewed as it occurs in Costa Rica, based on 5,121 reared and wild-collected specimens. All known Costa Rican species are described or redescribed and have adults and genitalia figured, including 17 new species: N. phildevriesi Chacón, N. sylvieduranae Chacón, N. gustavoinduni Chacón, N. anamariamonge Chacón, N. roxanamadrigalae Chacón, N. aurachaconae Chacón, N. mailyngonzalezae Chacón, N. romanmacayai Chacón, N. intichaconi Chacón, N. torbjornekremi Chacón, N. robertpuschendorfi Chacón, N. henrikekmani Chacón, N. erikabjerstromae Chacón, N. lorettafayecooperae Chacón, N. billalleni Chacón, N. jeremyhancei Chacón, and N. brookejarvisae Chacón, as well as 12 newly recorded species (N. marona Schaus, 1905, N. multiplex Dognin, 1909, N. porgana Schaus, 1905, N. corrusca Schaus 1904, N. idonea Walker 1858, N. inchoans Walker 1857, N. superciliosa Guenée, 1852, N. virgula Felder & Felder, 1874, N. nigritorquata Dognin, 1900, N. joanna (Schaus, 1905), and N. ocellata Rothschild, 1917), and seven previously recorded species (N. discalis Schaus, 1910, N. collaris Schaus, 1910, N. montana Weller, 1990, N. aequipars Walker, 1858, N. ebalea (Stoll, 1780), N. guzmani Schaus, 1910 and N. striata Schaus, 1910). Nystalea lineiplena Walker, 1857, N. malga Schaus, 1904, N. marmorea Schaus, 1901 and N. clotho Thiaucourt, 2003 are mentioned but not redescribed. Nystalea adults, larvae, and host plants are recorded from Áreas de Conservación Guanacaste (ACG) in northwestern Costa Rica. The larvae of 18 species are illustrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ecosistemas y Recursos Agropecuarios is the property of Universidad Juarez Autonoma de Tabasco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

O presente relato descreveu o tratamento de um canino macho, adulto, não castrado e sem raça definida, apresentando lesões dérmicas na região oronasal, provenientes da infestação de miíases e que, após a retirada das larvas, tratamento e cura, foi necessária a intervenção cirúrgica reconstrutiva para correção dos defeitos secundários das lesões, utilizando a técnica de retalhos do plexo subdérmico onde se obteve sucesso na escolha de toda terapêutica adotada. Miíase refere-se a presença de larvas de moscas (ordem: Díptera) nos tecidos e mucosas dos animais e humanos. No Brasil além da espécie: Dermatobia hominis conhecida popularmente como “mosca varejeira”, a espécie Cochliomyia hominivorax, vulgarmente conhecida como ‘’mosca de bicheira’’ tem grande importância sanitária. Considerada uma zoonose de notificação obrigatória pela organização internacional de epizootias (OIE). Dentre as principais causas que favorecem o aparecimento das miíases, temos: falta de higiene no ambiente, otites e feridas expostas.

Objective: To evaluate the repellent activity of the oil from Jatropha curcas L. seeds with different storage periods on larvae of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. Materials and Methods: The research was conducted in the parasitology and biotechnology laboratories of the Pastures and Forages Research Station Indio Hatuey, located in the Perico municipality, Matanzas province, Cuba. The tick strain Cayo Coco was used and oils with two storage periods were evaluated: one and three years of extraction. As positive control the acaricide Deltametrina (Butox®) was used and as negative one, distilled water. For the in vitro results the methodology for the identification of repellent substances, described by Chagas and Dias (2012), was used, where the concentrations of 0,5; 1,75; 2,5; 5 and 10 mg mL-1, were used. Results: The analysis showed significant differences (p < 0,05) between the experimental treatments in the different times, with regards to the negative control (distilled water). The repellence percentages were higher than 90 % for the J. curcas oils. The repellent activity was high, and the interval of 4-8 hours was the one with the best results, with values of 93,9 and 97,3 % for the 2014 and 2017 oil, respectively, without significant differences between both. After 8 hours, the positive control decreased its repellent activity until reaching values of 64,2 % at 16 hours. The distilled water did not show repellent activity, because its values were in an interval between 3 and 7 % during the experimental stage. Conclusions: The J. curcas oil has repellent activity, independently from the storage time, with values that exceed 90 % of efficacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. Present a low-cost procedure for the rearing and maintaining S. frugiperda in laboratory conditions to obtain optimal biological material for research. Material and methods. Those procedures are based on the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) document "Efficient techniques for mass rearing and insect infestation in host plant selection for resistance to the fall armyworm", our experience in rearing the fall armyworm, and the literature cited. Results. The procedures for field collection of brood stock and care measures for brood rearing at each stage of the life cycle of the fall armyworm S. frugiperda were described. In several cases, published methods were adjusted or improved; severed problems encountered in rearing and how to avoid them were discussed. In addition, the procedure to regulate the population density of the brood and the techniques used to obtain third-instar larvae (usually used in research because it is the optimal stage for controlling crop damage caused by this insect) were included. With the procedures presented, 85% survival to the adult stage can be obtained. Conclusion. The objective was fulfilled. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acerola (Malpighia emarginata DC.) is a shrub species that grows in tropical and subtropical climates; it is native to southern Mexico, Central America and northern South America. Its fruits have a high vitamin C content and are considered one of the most potent and least toxic natural antioxidants. Among the main pest species causing crop damage is the genus Anthonomus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). In 2019, surveys were conducted in the western region of Cuba to evaluate the presence of pests in plants located in the localities of Alquizar and Ceiba del Agua, belonging to the province of Artemisa. They collected 100 flowers and 100 green fruits of different sizes that presented deformations and symptoms characteristic of damage caused by an insect. A total of 344 holes were counted, for an average of 3.4 holes per fruit; in addition, 230 larvae, 114 eggs, 65 pupae and 81 adults of a coleopteran. The objective of the work was to identify the species of the insect associated with the observed damage. The morphological characters of the collected insect allowed the identification of Anthonomus sisyphus Clark as the cause of damage to acerola fruits and constitutes the first report of this species as a pest of this fruit tree in Cuba. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Facultad de Ciencias Basicas is the property of Revista Facultad de Ciencias Basicas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

El objetivo fue medir los índices morfométricos y realizar la reproducción inducida de Cyphocharax magdalenae (Steindachner, 1878) sardina Maná, para conocer el tipo de alimento que consume las larvas. Se escogieron 20 machos y 20 hembras, de los cuales se obtuvo sus datos morfométricos. Para la reproducción inducida se utilizó una hormona análoga de GnRH (sGnRHa) y un inhibidor de la dopamina (0.5 ml/kg). Los valores morfométricos para las hembras fueron: longitud total 17.25±0.7 cm, longitud estándar 14.14±0.7 cm, longitud de la cabeza 37.49±1.8 mm, diámetro ocular 10.9±0.80 mm, altura del cuerpo 41.61±3.4 mm y peso corporal 80.49±9.3 g mientras que para los machos la longitud total fue 16.7±0.83 cm, longitud estándar 13.5±0.7 cm, longitud de la cabeza 35.6±1.8 mm, diámetro ocular 10.8±0.5 mm, altura del cuerpo 38.9±1.7 mm y peso corporal 64.7±7.0 g. Las larvas en su primer(o) estadio consumen fitoplancton, luego cambia su dieta a zooplancton.

Copyright of CLIO América is the property of Universidad del Magdalena and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

En esta comunicación se refuta el estado de comensalismo entre Metanophrys sp. y el erizo verdiblanco Lytechinus variegatus, debido al comportamiento depredador del ciliado contra las larvas del erizo. Para este trabajo, los erizos de mar se colocaron en botellas con 1 L de agua de mar esterilizada, destinadas al desove con la parte oral hacia arriba. Se aplicó una inyección de 5 ml de KCl al celoma. Se muestrearon 32 erizos de mar para completar 30 botellas con ambos tipos de gametos. Después de una hora de fertilización, Metanophrys sp. se encontró en algunas botellas. Después de 72 horas, 24 de las 30 botellas tenían ciliados con una proporción de aproximadamente 25 individuos por larva de erizo, observándose la depredación de éstas por Metanophrys sp. Debido al comportamiento depredador de Metanophrys sp. contra L. variegatus, con respecto a la ecología de la especie no deben considerarse comensales.

Agrotis robusta (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) es una especie de gran importancia económica en América del Sur perteneciente al complejo de orugas cortadoras, que provocan importantes daños en cultivos de verano en la Región Semiárida Pampeana. Este complejo comprende especies que se alimentan de raíces o brotes de plantas herbáceas y normalmente cortan los tallos tiernos a ras del suelo. En los últimos años se han presentado serios problemas para controlar las poblaciones de estos insectos plagas, ocasionando pérdidas directas por deficiencias de control y/o pérdidas indirectas por un mayor uso de insecticidas y consecuentemente un aumento en los costos de producción del cultivo. Una herramienta disponible al alcance de los productores son los cultivos transgénicos, tal es el caso de los ***maíces Bt***, que incorporan por medio de ingeniería genética proteínas insecticidas de la bacteria Bacillius thuringiensis (Gram positiva). Agrotis robusta no es el blanco principal para estas biotecnologías. El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar el efecto producido por distintos eventos biotecnológicos de maíz sobre el consumo de área foliar, peso y mortandad de larvas de Agrotis robusta. Para ello se recolectaron hembras grávidas de Agrotis robusta de una trampa de luz ubicada en el campo de la Facultad de Agronomía de la UNLPam para obtener huevos y criar larvas hasta los estadios cuarto/quinto. Se aislaron individualmente en cajas de Petri, se sometieron a una hora de inanición y se determinó su peso inicial para luego dar comienzo a los tratamientos que consistieron en distintas dietas en un periodo de evaluación de 10 días consecutivos. Para la obtención del tejido foliar utilizado en la alimentación de las larvas se sembraron en bandejas de germinación los siguientes maíces transgénicos con eventos Bt: Herculex (HX), Maizgard (MG), Powercore (PW), Agrisure Viptera3 (VIP3), VT Triple Pro (VT3P), un maíz sin eventos transgénicos para resistencia a insectos (NBT) y un tratamiento blanco que consistió en hojas recolectadas de quinoa silvestre (Q). Se utilizó un diseño experimental en bloques al azar con tres repeticiones. Para los 7 tratamientos se utilizó un total de 210 larvas. Las variables medidas fueron el peso de larvas al inicio y al fin del experimento, el número de mudas, la cantidad de alimento ingerido y el número de larvas muertas por tratamiento. Los tratamientos PW, VT3P y VIP3, que disponen de eventos piramidados, fueron los menos consumidos, y los maíces HX y NBT junto con la quinoa (Q) fueron los más consumidos. Los tratamientos con eventos biotecnológicos simples junto con NBT no se diferenciaron entre sí en el incremento de peso de larvas obtenido al final del experimento. Las larvas alimentadas con maíces que incluyen eventos piramidados presentaron las mayores pérdidas de peso y se diferenciaron del resto de los tratamientos. Los tres tratamientos con eventos piramidados presentaron los mayores niveles de mortandad, siendo el maíz con evento PW el que registró mayor mortandad. Los maíces VIP3, MG, HX, NBT y Q presentaron menores niveles de mortandad, no registrando diferencias significativas entre sí. El tratamiento VT3P mostró un nivel de mortandad intermedio, no diferenciándose de VIP3. En conclusión, los híbridos de maíz con eventos Bt simples registran un consumo de área foliar, peso y mortandad de larvas similar a maíces sin eventos de resistencia a insectos incorporados. Los híbridos de maíz Powercore, VT Triple Pro y en menor medida Agrisure Viptera3, que cuentan con eventos biotecnológicos piramidados para resistencia a lepidópteros, producen disminución del consumo de área foliar y pérdidas de peso en larvas de Agrotis robusta. Esta es la primera mención del efecto de eventos biotecnológicos aplicados al cultivo de maíz sobre larvas de Agrotis robusta. El mayor incremento de peso de larvas alimentadas con quinoa indicaría que ésta maleza constituye una fuente de alimento natural de estados inmaduros de Agrotis robusta en la región. Directora: Baudino, Estela Maris Co-Director: Corró Molas, Andrés Ezequiel

RESUMEN La oftalmomiasis es una enfermedad poco frecuente, causada por artrópodos; en este caso por la mosca adulta. Presentamos el caso de una paciente femenina, de 44 años de edad, con antecedentes de inmunosupresión severa secundaria a VIH, quien fue atendida en el Servicio de Oftalmología por molestia ocular. Presentaba un aumento de volumen circunscrito en conjuntiva que se extendía sobre la córnea nasal del ojo izquierdo, de aspecto blanco nacarado, deslustrado. Se le realizó exéresis de la lesión y crioterapia. Posteriormente se le aplicó colirio de mitomicina C. A los siete meses la paciente regresó a la consulta con un cuadro de complicación franca y severa de la lesión, con destrucción de los tejidos de la órbita y múltiples cavernas ocupadas por cientos de larvas de moscas.

Objetivo: Determinar la relación entre el estatus nutricional y el inmunológico del ganado meliponícola en dos provincias de Cuba. Materiales y Métodos: Los muestreos se efectuaron en julio y diciembre del 2019 a las 24 colmenas seleccionadas al azar, 12 en cada localidad, en las provincias Matanzas y Mayabeque. De cada una de las colmenas se extrajeron panales de cría nuevos, de los que se colectaron seis larvas del tercer instar, así como el alimento larval correspondiente, con el propósito de determinar el estatus nutricional y el inmunológico del ganado meliponícola de ambas localidades. El análisis e interpretación de las variables biológicas y climatológicas se realizó en dependencia del propósito de la investigación mediante el análisis de varianza, de componentes principales y de conglomerados. Resultados: Los mejores resultados en las variables estudiadas se obtuvieron en diciembre para los meliponarios ubicados en ambas provincias. Se identificó la existencia de dos componentes, que explicaron 69,49 % de la variabilidad del conjunto de datos. La primera de estas componentes (CP1) explicó en sí misma 50,72 %. En el proceso de aglomeración se conformaron tres grupos. El análisis permitió identificar al grupo III como el de mejor comportamiento. Conclusiones: Se constató la relación que existe entre el estatus nutricional e inmunológico del ganado meliponícola de Matanzas y Mayabeque mediante las variables seleccionadas para este estudio. Además, el período de evaluación fue el indicador que marcó la conducta adoptada por estos animales, y no la localidad.

Se procedió a describir el desarrollo larval temprano de la vieira patagónica (Zygochlamys patagonica) que se obtuvo de los desoves de las temporadas de verano 2015 y 2017. Los desoves se obtuvieron por inducción con las técnicas de limpieza valvar y shock térmicos (7 y 13 °C) en 16 vieiras adultas de entre 55 y 72 mm de alto de valva, sexualmente maduras y en igual proporción de sexos. El agua de los recipientes de inducción se filtró con tamiz de 35 mm para retener los ovocitos fecundados que se colocaron en recipientes de 2 l con agua oceánica a 7 ± 0,5 °C y sin aireación. Se observaron y midieron los estadios de desarrollo temprano hasta larva trocófora y se registró la duración de cada fase y el tipo de movimiento. El desarrollo embrionario se completó con el estadio de gástrula 30-40 h posteriores a la fecundación. La fase de larva trocófora comenzó a las 80-84 h, estadio en que se produjo la mortalidad total de las larvas. Si bien no se completó el ciclo de vida de Z. patagonica, el presente trabajo constituye el primer registro de desarrollo larval temprano de la especie, necesario para conocer el tiempo que la larva pasa en la columna de agua y, por lo tanto, su capacidad de dispersión.

Objective: To determine the relation between the nutritional and immunological status of the stingless bee livestock in two provinces of Cuba. Materials and Methods: Sampling was carried out in July and December, 2019, in the 24 randomly selected beehives, 12 in each locality, in the Matanzas and Mayabeque provinces. From each of the beehives new rearing boards were extracted, from which six third-instar larvae were collected, as well as the corresponding larval food, in order to determine the nutritional and immunological status of the stingless bee livestock from both localities. The analysis and interpretation of the biological and climate variables was done depending on the purpose of the research through variance analysis, analysis of principal components and cluster analysis. Results: The best results in the studied variables were obtained in December for the stingless bee apiaries located in both provinces. The existence of two components was identified, which explained 69,49 % of the variability of the data set. The first one of these components (PC1) explained in itself 50,72 %. In the clustering process three groups were formed. The analysis allowed to identify group III as the one with the best performance. Conclusions: The relation between the nutritional and immunological status of the stingless bee livestock of Matanzas and Mayabeque was proven through the variables selected for this study. In addition, the evaluation period was the indicator that marked the behavior adopted by these animals and not the locality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: We determined the chemical composition and larvicidal activity of the essential oil distilled from the Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck husks and the pattern of the major constituent. Materials and methods: For this, we distill the oil by hydrodistillation, identify the components by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS), test the larvicidal activity against Aedes aegypti and calculate the lethal concentration at 50% (LC50) by the Reed-Muench method and the confidence interval by the Pizzi method for both oil and standard. Results: it showed that the oil consists mostly of limonene and showed larvicidal activity (LC50 of 199.01 (± 2.10) µg·mL-1) greater than the lemonade standard (126.03 (± 2.09) µg·mL-1). Conclusion: Therefore, we conclude that distilled oil has the potential to replace chemical larvicides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Methionine is a naturally occurring amino acid that has demonstrated toxic properties for control of larval mosquitoes in laboratory experiments. Methionine offers many desirable qualities for an effective, biorational pesticide, including its minimal effects on non-target species. Because previous studies regarding this amino acid's toxicity were laboratory based, the next step is to establish if methionine is likely to have similar effects in natural water bodies before attempting costly field trials. Therefore, the goal of this study was to test the effectiveness of DL-methionine applied to various water sources. Concentration response experiments conducted in glass jars used larval Aedes aegypti (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae) as a model organism. Well, deionized, and pond water were evaluated in the study. In general, increased mortality of Ae. aegypti larvae occurred with increasing concentrations of DL-methionine at 48 h. However, larval DL-methionine LC50 values were not different between water sources. This study has shown that DL-methionine can be added to various water sources as a possible biorational larvicide when applied to natural water sources such as ponds or water-holding containers that often are preferred larval developmental sites for a variety of mosquito disease vectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The tadpoles of the Neotropical genus Atelopus are only known for 26 out of 96 species described. Here, we describe the tadpoles of A. elegans and A. palmatus including ontogenetic information, measurements, and images of individuals in several stages of growth. Both species are compared with their congeners taking into account some relevant features such as the coloration and relative measurements. Our description focuses on the abdominal sucker and mouth by providing scanning electron microscopy images and comparing the suctorial mechanism with other groups of anurans and fish. We also provide an update to knowledge of the abdominal suckers, and information about their lateral line system and the distribution of their lateral line openings. The results show that brown marks over a tan surface and an irregular distribution of marks along the body and tail are unique to A. elegans; while a patterned distribution of contrasting marks, and the presence of submarginal papillae are unique to A. palmatus. Also, both species show differences in the structures of their teeth. Finally, we conclude that some characters such as coloration, presence or absence of some structures, and relative measurements are useful for identifying the species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales is the property of Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicas y Naturales and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract Duddingtonia flagrans has been tested as an alternative parasite control, but data from in vitro experiments based on in vivo calculations describing nematophagous fungi predation in nematodes are restricted. The objective of this work was to determine the efficacy of D. flagrans against sheep nematode larvae in vitro using in vivo calculations. Fecal samples were introduced to fungi in different concentrations: 0.0/control; 0.05; 0.1; 0.2; 0.4; 0.8; 1.6; 3.2; and 6.4 g corresponding, respectively, to 583.000; 1.166.000; 2.332.000; 4.664.000; 9.328.000; 18.656.000; 37.312.000 and 74.624.000 chlamydospores/kg of body weight. The material was incubated for 14 days, before the larvae recovery (Assay 1). Assay 2 was carried out with the doses of 0.00625; 0.0125; and 0.025 g. The results showed a negative correlation between fungal concentrations and larval numbers for both assays. The fungus demonstrated an efficacy above 89% in both assays. Thus, we consider that the data from in vitro studies based on in vivo calculations may optimize the fungi quantities for field experiments.

Objetivou-se avaliar o desempenho, comportamento animal e a contaminação e distribuição de larvas de nematódeos de ovinos suplementados com níveis crescentes de proteína em pasto de capim-Xaraés. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado com três tratamentos (níveis de proteína 15, 25 e 35%). Foram utilizados 15 ovinos mestiços da raça Santa Inês, com aproximadamente cinco meses de idade e peso médio inicial de 14,63 kg. As atividades de comportamento ingestivo (tempo de pastejo e ócio) dos animais foram influenciadas pela suplementação fornecida. O maior nível de suplementação fornecido aos animais reduziu o tempo de pastejo. Os diferentes níveis de suplementações fornecida aos animais influenciou o ganho médio diário e o ganho de peso total final corporal, dos ovinos mantidos em pastos de capim-Xaraés. Observou-se influência das suplementações sobre a presença e número de larvas no pasto. Os animais apresentaram redução do número de larvas com o aumento do teor de PB na dieta. A suplementação com alto teor proteico, juntamente com a ação do vermífugo, aumentou o desempenho dos ovinos e reduziu a carga parasitária e o tempo de pastejo dos animais mantidos em capim-Xaraés, contudo, há a necessidade de uma análise econômica, visto que o alto teor de compostos nitrogenados na dieta pode tornar o sistema inviável.

Se determinó el crecimiento y la condición nutricional de larvas de Engraulis anchoita en la Zona Común de Pesca Argentino-Uruguaya (ZCPAU). La condición se estimó a partir de la relación ARN/ADN estandarizada (RDs) del tronco muscular. El crecimiento se estudió calculando una tasa de crecimiento instantáneo sobre la base de un modelo que incluye RDs y temperatura. Se calculó, además, el crecimiento de los otolitos midiendo el espesor de los últimos tres incrementos completamente formados. Las muestras se obtuvieron en marzo de 2014. Los 12 lances oblicuos que se realizaron con red Bongo y malla de 300 µm mostraron presencia de larvas en seis de ellos. Se las separó a bordo y se fijaron en nitrógeno líquido. Posteriormente se las midió, se separaron las cabezas con un bisturí y se liofilizaron los troncos musculares en forma individual (N = 128). Se compararon dos secciones oceanográficas situadas sobre el margen sur y el margen norte de la ZCPAU (COSTAL I y II, respectivamente). La relación RDs de las larvas evidenció una buena condición nutricional. No se observaron diferencias significativas en la condición o el crecimiento entre ambas secciones. Se observó una correlación positiva entre el índice RDs y la talla, por lo que las comparaciones se realizaron considerando el estadio de desarrollo larval. El RDs para las larvas en preflexión en la COSTAL I fue 2,53 ± 1,29 (n = 53) y 2,92 ± 1,22 (n = 7) en la COSTAL II. Para las larvas en flexión fue 3,41 ± 1,07 (n = 22) y 2,91 ± 0,86 (n = 32) en las secciones I y II, respectivamente. La elevada condición nutricional de las larvas de anchoíta indica que las características ambientales que se observaron en marzo en el área de estudio serían apropiadas para su crecimiento y supervivencia.

The fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith)) is an important harmful pest for corn crops in Colombia. Knowing its population's fluctuation regarding genetically modified plants allows the implementation of monitoring plans and time-effective management actions. The objective of this study was to establish the population's fluctuation of S. frugiperda during 2014-2016 in the hybrids 30F35R and 30F35HR (genetically modified with the Cry1F endotoxin) in El Espinal, Tolima, Colombia. Accumulations in five growing cycles were carried out until 20, 40, 60, 80, and 104 days with the number of larvae per linear meter after emergence per year and per hybrid. Results were compared statistically using linear mixed models. Two dummy variables reckon the presence of larvae and damage were calculated. With the indicators of presence (one) and absence (zero), a longitudinal logistic prediction model was constructed. Larger accumulation of larvae was registered in the hybrid 30F35R (6.79±0.20); however, the genetically modified genotype 30F35HR also registered the presence of larvae (4.24±0.20), inferring that the endotoxin did not exercise total control over the populations. The vegetative stage showed a higher larval population. However, when this stage is not managed, the crop can show damage up to 52% and 72% in hybrid plants with and without Cry1F, respectively. This behavior suggests that if refuge areas and strategies such as pest monitoring are not established, these insects could generate higher resistances to the plants with the endotoxin Cry1F. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Caldasia is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of SHILAP Revista de Lepidopterologia is the property of Sociedad Hispano-Luso-Americana de Lepidopterologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The genus Cinnamomum (Lauraceae) consists of approximately 350 species, many of which are essential oil producers, with the most frequently used parts of the plants being dehydrated bark. Therefore, Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume, known popularly as cinnamon, has the following biological properties: analgesic, antiseptic, antispasmodic, astringent, insecticidal, antifungal and antimicrobial. Thus, this work evaluates the physicochemical properties and larvicidal activity against Aedes aegypti of the essential oil of Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume leaves that are found in the Municipality of São Luís, Maranhão. The essential oil was quantitatively extracted by hydrodistillation. The physicochemical properties of the essential oil (density, refractive index, solubility, color, and appearance) were determined. The oil was characterized analytically by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometer (GC-MS) and the CL50 of the oil was calculated from the Reed-Muench & Pizzi methods, respectively. The yield of the oil was 4.33% of mass per volume, which allowed the identification of 4 components, being the major presence of eugenol that soon was confirmed by the spectroscopic techniques. The essential oil obtained CL50 of 56.49 mg·L-1. In the identification of the major component and the other components, as well as their quantifications, the techniques were precise and the methods efficient, providing a good analytical performance in the determinations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present experiment was carried out to evaluate the growth and reproductive parameters of Rhamdia quelen females fed with pelleted ration containing different levels of digestible energy, and to evaluate the vigor of their offspring. The breeders were placed in tanks under conditions of photoperiod and natural temperature. The fishes were fed for 255 days with isoproteic rations pelleted containing 35% of crude protein (CP) and five levels of the digestible energy (DE) (2700, 2950, 3200, 3450, 3700 kcal kg-1). The fishes were distributed in a randomized experimental design compounded by five treatments and three repetitions. A 16-m² tank containing six females and three males was considered as one experimental unit. The weight and weight gain was evaluated. During the reproductive season the females were induced to breeding by hormonal manipulation and were evaluated the percentage of spawning females, the total fecundity, relative fecundity (number of oocytes per gram of spawning females), the fertilization ratio, the time to hatching and the vigor of larvae. The growth and reproductive parameters were not influenced (P > 0.05) by the increasing levels of digestible energy of the rations. The feeding of R. quelen females in breeding fit can be carried out with 2700 kcal kg-1 pelletized ration based on vegetal ingredients, without damage to reproductive performance.

El trabajo describe por primera vez el desarrollo larvario hasta juvenil de Euvola vogdesi y las experiencias en el cultivo larvario de esta especie. Los reproductores en acondicionamiento gonádico alcanzaron la madurez total a los 42 ± 5 días. La inducción al desove se realizó con los métodos de shock térmico (18-20°C/20 min) e inyección intragonadal de serotonina (0,3 mL a 0,25 mM). En experimentos del efecto de las temperaturas 20, 23 y 25°C en el crecimiento larvario, se obtuvo a 25°C el mayor crecimiento. A esta temperatura, los cultivos larvarios con cambios en la densidad y dieta entre 1992 y 2001 mostraron diferencias significativas en el crecimiento, logrando disminuir el tiempo de cultivo larvario de 25 días a 11 días. En la etapa de pre-engorda, los juveniles de 3,5-4,0 mm de longitud de concha, tuvieron una supervivencia de 3-5%, a los 55 ± 5 días. Los juveniles de 6-7 mm de longitud presentaron las valvas características de los adultos, después de 25-30 días.

El pargo flamenco (Lutjanus guttatus) es un pez marino con alta demanda en los mercados de algunos países de Latinoamérica. Debido a su importancia se inició su cultivo en jaulas flotantes usando juveniles silvestres. A partir de la década pasada se iniciaron los primeros estudios para lograr su reproducción en cautiverio y la producción masiva de juveniles que puedan sustentar el cultivo completo. El presente trabajo presenta los resultados obtenidos hasta la fecha sobre desove, manejo e incubación de huevos y protocolos de larvicultura del pargo flamenco en Latinoamérica.