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OBJECTIVE: Celiac Disease (CD) is an autoimmune disease involving the small bowel, generated by the ingestion of gluten-containing foods in genetically predisposed subjects. Currently, the unique therapy for CD is the absolute adherence to gluten-free diet, but this treatment has been related to the onset of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In this systematic review, we provide an update from the most recent studies on the risk of developing NAFLD patients adhering to GFD. MATERIALS AND METHODS: According to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Statement (PRISMA) criteria, we performed a systematic literature search on PubMed and Google Scholar from 2012 to 2021. RESULTS: In the present systematic review, eight studies investigated how GFD in CD patients may be a risk factor for the onset of NAFLD from a minimum of six months to the maximum follow-up period represented by a median of 10 years. CONCLUSIONS: Present systematic review evaluates how GFD plays a key role in NAFLD for consumption of products rich in saturated fats and carbohydrates that promotes accumulation of lipids and lead to hepatic steatosis and inflammation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD), as a hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome (MET)-related obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and hypertension, is the main cause of chronic liver disease. Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD), (Crohn’s Disease (CD) and Ulcerative Colitis (UC)), are often associated with extraintestinal manifestations. Of these, NAFLD is one of the most frequently reported. To highlight the etiopathogenesis of NAFLD in IBD, we performed a systematic review emphasizing the relationship between NAFLD genetic alterations, metabolic syndrome, and drugs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: According to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Statement (PRISMA) criteria, we performed a systematic literature search on PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science for literature updated from 2010 to 1 March 2021. Inclusion criteria for studies were observational design and Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs); written in English; primary research only; based on adult patients, and human research only. RESULTS: We identified nine studies on the link between NAFLD and IBD. Among these, two described the genetic predisposition to NAFLD of patients with IBD. Four reported an association between MetS and NAFLD in IBD patients. Regarding medications, none of four studies included, detected a relationship between NAFLD onset and IBD treatment (corticosteroids, immunomodulators, methotrexate, or biologics). However, a retrospective study showed a protective effect of anti-TNF alpha therapies against altered liver enzymes. CONCLUSIONS: In this interplay between genetic, metabolic, drug, and inflammatory factors, the underlying pathogenic mechanisms behind NAFLD in IBD are still far from clear. Further studies are needed to better clarify the role of individual components influencing the development of NAFLD in IBD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: Diet, visceral sensitivity, and psychological distress play an important role in Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS). This study focused on the relation between IBS severity, foods, visceral sensitivity, and anxiety/depression. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients with IBS were investigated through (1) IBS-symptoms severity score (SSS), (2) self-reported food intolerance, (3) visceral sensitivity index (VSI), and (4) Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Seventy-seven patients agreed to participate in the survey. Of them, 64 (83%) showed IBS according to Rome IV criteria and were included in the final analysis. Patients with IBS-D were 30 (47%), with IBS-C 27 (42%), and with IBS-M 7 (11%). RESULTS: Fifty-eight patients (90%) considered at least one foodstuff as IBS trigger. Amine-rich foods represented a symptom trigger for 77% of patients, those with lectin for 70%, IACs by 48%, and capsaicin by 37%. Overweight was significantly associated with aminerich foods (p=0.015), age >45 years (p=0.001) and non-smoking condition (p=0.033) with lectin-rich foods, male gender (p=0.005) and overweight (p=0.027) with capsaicin-containing foods. A positive VSI score was found in 59% of patients, and non-smoking condition was significantly associated (OR 10.03; p=0.009). No factors were associated with a positive HADS score, shown by 80% of patients. Severe IBS was shown by 63% of patients, being aminerich foods (p=0.024), overweight (p=0.020), and female gender (p=0.029) independent risk factors while marriage/cohabiting a protective one (p=0.038). Amine-rich foods are an independent risk factor for severe IBS, along with overweight and female gender. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians should pay more attention to self-reported food intolerance in IBS patients. A personalized therapy including dietary advice as part of treatment could be of great benefit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Adalimumab (ADA) biosimilars have entered the therapeutic armamentarium of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), allowing for the treatment of a greater number of patients for their reduced cost than the originator. However, comparative data on the efficacy and safety of the various ADA biosimilars remains scarce.We compare the efficacy and safety of ADA biosimilars SB5, ABP501, GP2017, and MSB11022 in treating IBD outpatients in a real-life Italian setting., Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on consecutive IBD outpatients with complete clinical, laboratory, and endoscopic data. Clinical activity was measured using the Mayo score in ulcerative colitis (UC) and the Harvey-Bradshaw Index in Crohn's disease (CD). The primary endpoints were the following: (1) induction of remission in patients new to biologics and patients new to ADA but previously exposed to other anti-tumor necrosis factor agents or other biologics; (2) maintenance of remission in patients switched from the ADA originator to an ADA biosimilar; and (3) safety of various biosimilars., Results: A total of 533 patients were enrolled according to the inclusion criteria: 162 patients with UC and 371 patients with CD. Clinical remission was obtained in 79.6% of patients new to biologics and 59.2% of patients new to ADA but not to other biologics; clinical remission was maintained in 81.0% of patients switched from the originator, and adverse events were recorded in 6.7% of patients. There was no significant difference between the 4 ADA biosimilars for each predetermined endpoint., Conclusions: Adalimumab biosimilars are effective and safe in IBD treatment, both in new patients and in patients switched from the ADA originator. No difference in efficacy and safety was found between ADA biosimilars., (© The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Crohn’s & Colitis Foundation. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.)

Background and Aims: Adalimumab (ADA) biosimilars have been included into the therapeutic armamentarium of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD); however, comparative data on the efficacy and safety of the different ADA biosimilars after replacing the ADA originator for a non-medical reason remains scarce. We aimed to compare in a real-life setting the efficacy and safety of four ADA biosimilars SB5, APB501, GP2017, and MSB11022 in IBD patients after replacing the originator for a non-medical reason., Methods: A multicenter retrospective study was performed on consecutive IBD patients, analyzing clinical, laboratory, and endoscopic data. The primary endpoints of the study were maintenance of clinical remission and safety of the different biosimilars., Results: 153 patients were enrolled, 26 with UC and 127 with CD. Clinical remission was maintained in 124 out of 153 (81%) patients after a median (IQR) follow-up of 12 (6-24) months, without any significant difference between the four ADA biosimilars. ADA biosimilars dosage was optimized in five patients (3.3%). Loss of remission was significantly higher in UC patients (10/26 patients, 38.5%) than in CD patients (19/127 patients, 14.9%, p<0.025). Adverse events occurred in 12 (7.9%) patients; the large majority were mild., Conclusions: No difference in efficacy and safety was found between ADA biosimilars when used to replace the ADA originator for a non-medical reason. However, in UC patients the replacement of ADA originator for this reason should be carefully assessed.

Up to 30-70% of patients may experience mild and moderate side effects during iron therapy and this is often associated with a poor adherence to therapy. Anemia is frequent in patients with active inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), due to both iron deficiency and chronic inflammation, therefore iron supplementation is frequently needed. Considering that gastrointestinal disorders are the most common side effects with oral iron, in IBD patients intravenous administration must be preferred. Although intravenous iron supplementation remains the most effective therapy of IBD-associated iron deficiency anemia, the perception of risk related to intravenous administration by clinicians could limit this successful strategy. In this narrative review we provided an up to date on the safety of the different iron formulations for intravenous administration, by reporting the most recent studies in IBD patients.

Background: To compare the performances of Infliximab (IFX) biosimilar CT-P13 and SB2 in the treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD) outpatients in Italy., Research Design and Methods: Three hundred and eighty IBD outpatients were retrospectively evaluated. The primary endpoint was to compare the two IFX biosimilars in terms of reaching and maintenance of remission at any timepoint., Results: 197 patients with Ulcerative Colitis (UC) and 183 patients with Crohn's Disease (CD) treated with CT-P13 or SB2 and having a median (IQR) follow-up of 12 (6-36) months were compared: 230 (60.5%) were naïve to anti-TNFα, 20 (5.26%) were switched from IFX originator or from IFX CT-P13 to IFX SB2. Clinical remission was achieved in 133 (67.5%) UC patients and in 164 (89.6%) CD patients (p < 0.000), with no differences between CT-P13 and SB2 in the rate of remission in UC (p = 0.667) and CD (p = 0.286). Clinical response, steroid-free remission, rate of surgery, mucosal healing (MH) in UC, switching from IFX originator or from other biosimilar, and safety were similar. Higher MH rate was obtained in CD patients treated with CT-P13 (p = 0.004)., Conclusion: This first comparative study found that both IFX biosimilars CT-P13 and SB2 are effective and safe in managing IBD outpatients.

Background and Aims: gut microbiota (GM) is a complex ecosystem containing bacteria, viruses, fungi, and yeasts. It has several functions in the human body ranging from immunomodulation to metabolic. GM derangement is called dysbiosis and is involved in several host diseases. Pre-, probiotics, and symbiotics (PRE-PRO-SYMB) have been extensively developed and studied for GM re-modulation. Herein, we review the literature data regarding the new concept of postbiotics, starting from PRE-PRO-SYMB., Methods: we conducted a search on the main medical databases for original articles, reviews, meta-analyses, randomized clinical trials, and case series using the following keywords and acronyms and their associations: gut microbiota, prebiotics, probiotics, symbiotic, and postbiotics., Results: postbiotics account for PRO components and metabolic products able to beneficially affect host health and GM. The deeper the knowledge about them, the greater their possible uses: the prevention and treatment of atopic, respiratory tract, and inflammatory bowel diseases., Conclusions: better knowledge about postbiotics can be useful for the prevention and treatment of several human body diseases, alone or as an add-on to PRE-PRO-SYMB.

Background and Aims: Several studies have found Golimumab (GOL) effective and safe in the short-term treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC), but few long-term data are currently available from real world. Our aim was to assess the long-term real-life efficacy and safety of GOL in managing UC outpatients in Italy., Methods: A retrospective multicenter study assessing consecutive UC outpatients treated with GOL for at least 3-month of follow-up was made. Primary endpoints were the induction and maintenance of remission in UC, defined as Mayo score ≤2. Several secondary endpoints, including clinical response, colectomy rate, steroid free remission and mucosal healing, were also assessed during the follow-up., Results: One hundred and seventy-eight patients were enrolled and followed up for a median (IQR) time of 9 (3-18) months (mean time follow-up: 33.1±13 months). Clinical remission was achieved in 57 (32.1%) patients: these patients continued with GOL, but only 6 patients (3.4%) were still under clinical remission with GOL at the 42nd month of follow-up. Clinical response occurred in 64 (36.4%) patients; colectomy was performed in 8 (7.8%) patients, all of them having primary failure. Steroid-free remission occurred in 23 (12.9%) patients, and mucosal healing was achieved in 29/89 (32.6%) patients. Adverse events occurred in 14 (7.9%) patients., Conclusions: Golimumab does not seem able to maintain long-term remission in UC in real life. The safety profile was good.

In the last years, the gut microbiota achieved great importance, since several studies demonstrated its correlation with the immune system and with the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis, as well as with the regulation of the integrity of the epithelium and the intestinal motility. An imbalance in microbial species promotes a dysbiosis, which has been associated with chronic diseases such as metabolic syndrome, inflammatory diseases, and some behavior disorders. The association with gut microbiota and dysbiosis has been demonstrated mostly in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Several studies investigated the application of antibiotics, prebiotics, probiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation in the treatment strategies for IBD. In this review, we discuss the recent findings on the potential role of the gut microbiota manipulation, with particular attention to bacterial microbiota, which could be implicated for a successful IBD therapeutic approach.

The gastrointestinal tract of the adult human represents the habitat of the ecological community of commensal, symbiotic and pathogenic microorganisms, defined as the gut microbiota, which has more than 100 trillion microorganisms representing one of the most complex ecosystems. Colonization of the gastrointestinal tract by microorganisms begins at the time of birth. Contrary to what was previously hypothesized, a large number of fundamental functions for the host are attributed to the gut microbiota to date. Therefore, the gut microbiota does not represent a passive set of microbes hosted inside the human organism but plays a crucial role in the balance of the organism itself. An alteration of the microbiota is a phenomenon known as dysbiosis. The latter can be implicated in the development of complex liver diseases like non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. The aim of this review was to describe the most interesting data linking the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease with the gut microbiota and, therefore, to underline the importance of the microbiota itself, as a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

Abstract: Crohn disease is an inflammatory bowel disorder affecting children and adults. With its increasing prevalence, healthcare providers need adequate resources to assist with diagnosis and management. This article discusses early diagnosis, disease severity and classification, familial predisposition and genomics, and clinical management in the primary care setting., (Copyright © 2021 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background/aim: Biologics represent a key therapeutic option in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), but are associated with several side effects. Post-marketing surveillance, through a spontaneous adverse drug reactions (ADRs) monitoring system, is essential to assess the safety profile of biologics. The aim of the study was to prospectively evaluate the occurrence of ADRs in IBD patients treated with biologics from a single centre in Southern Italy., Methods: Data from patients with Crohn's Disease (CD) and Ulcerative Colitis (UC) who underwent biological therapy were prospectively collected. ADRs were classified according to the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities (MedDRA®)., Results: Overall, 68 (54% male, 68% with UC and 32% with CD) biologic-naïve IBD patients underwent biological therapy. Mean follow-up was 11.7 ± 6.2 months. As a results of switches, for 68 patients we obtained 96 biologic prescriptions. Overall, 45 ADRs occurred in 36 (53%) patients, distributed as follows (ADRs/prescriptions): 19/37 with IFX-Remicade, 5/12 with IFX-Remsima, 8/9 with GOL, 11/26 with ADA, and 2/12 with VDZ. Mild ADRs were 29 (64%), moderate 15 (34%) and 1 (2%) severe. General disorders and administration related reactions were the most frequent ADRs (35%), followed by skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders (20%), infections (15%), musculoskeletal (11%), respiratory (6%) blood (4%), gastrointestinal (4%), and vascular disorders (2%). In 9 cases (20%) the ADRs resulted in definitive discontinuation of biologic therapy., Conclusion: In a prospective cohort of IBD patients, more than half experienced ADRs during biologic therapy. General disorders and administration related reactions were the most common ADRs, while infections were less common and rarely led to discontinuation of therapy. Findings underline the importance of surveillance in management of IBD patients during biologic therapy and implementing safety protocols with data from real-life settings.

Metabolic- (dysfunction) associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) represents the predominant hepatopathy and one of the most important systemic, metabolic-related disorders all over the world associated with severe medical and socio-economic repercussions due to its growing prevalence, clinical course (steatohepatitis and/or hepatocellular-carcinoma), and related extra-hepatic comorbidities. To date, no specific medications for the treatment of this condition exist, and the most valid recommendation for patients remains lifestyle change. MAFLD has been associated with metabolic syndrome; its development and progression are widely influenced by the interplay between genetic, environmental, and nutritional factors. Nutrigenetics and nutrigenomics findings suggest nutrition's capability, by acting on the individual genetic background and modifying the specific epigenetic expression as well, to influence patients' clinical outcome. Besides, immunity response is emerging as pivotal in this multifactorial scenario, suggesting the interaction between diet, genetics, and immunity as another tangled network that needs to be explored. The present review describes the genetic background contribution to MAFLD onset and worsening, its possibility to be influenced by nutritional habits, and the interplay between nutrients and immunity as one of the most promising research fields of the future in this context.

Background: Infliximab and adalimumab are widely used for the treatment of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis., Aim: To compare the long-term efficacy and safety of infliximab and adalimumab in a large cohort of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis patients reflecting real-life clinical practice., Methods: Seven hundred twelve patients were retrospectively reviewed, 410 with Crohn's disease (268 treated with adalimumab and 142 with infliximab; median follow-up 60 months, range, 36-72) and 302 with ulcerative colitis (118 treated with adalimumab and 184 with infliximab; median follow-up 48 months, range, 36-84)., Results: In Crohn's disease, clinical remission was maintained in 75.0% of adalimumab vs. in 72.5% of infliximab patients (P = 0.699); mucosal healing and steroid-free remission were maintained in 49.5% of adalimumab vs. 63.9% of infliximab patients (P = 0.077) and in 77.7% of adalimumab vs. 77.3% in infliximab group (P = 0.957), respectively. In ulcerative colitis, clinical remission was maintained in 50.0% of adalimumab vs. 65.8% of infliximab patients (P < 0.000); mucosal healing and steroid-free remission were maintained in 80.6% of adalimumab vs. 77.0% of infliximab patients (P = 0.494) and in 90.2% of adalimumab vs. 87.5% of infliximab patients (P = 0.662), respectively. At the multivariate analysis, ileocolonic location and simple endoscopic score for Crohn's disease >10 were predictors of failure in Crohn's disease; treatment with adalimumab, BMI ≥30 and Mayo score >10 were predictors of failure in ulcerative colitis. infliximab was more likely to cause adverse events than adalimumab (16.6 vs. 6.2%, P < 0.000)., Conclusion: Both adalimumab and infliximab are effective in long-term outpatients management of inflammatory bowel diseases. Adalimumab had a lower rate of adverse events., (Copyright © 2021 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.)

The first case of infection by SARS-CoV-2 (i.e., COVID-19) was officially recorded by the Italian National Health Service on 21 February 2020. Respiratory tract manifestations are the most common symptoms, such as gastrointestinal symptoms (GISs) like nausea or sickness, diarrhea, and anorexia, and psychological effects may be reported in affected individuals. However, similar symptoms may be observed in healthy people as a consequence of an anxiety state., Methods: We analyzed GISs and anxiety state during the COVID-19 lockdown period; from 9 March 2020 to 4 May 2020. A web-based survey consisting of 131 items was administered to 354 students affiliated with the School of Medicine of the University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro; Italy. A set of statistical analyses was performed to analyze the relationships among the answers to assess a correlation between the topics of interest., Results: The statistical analysis showed that 54.0% of interviewed reported at least one GISs, 36.16% of which reported a positive history for familial GISs (FGISs). The 354 subjects included in our cohort may be stratified as follows: 25.99% GISs and FGISs, 27.97% GISs and no-FGISs, 10.17% no-GISs and FGISs, 35.87% no-GISs and no-FGISs. Results indicated an anxiety state for 48.9% of respondents, of which 64.74% also presented GISs. In addition, considered dietary habits, we detect the increased consumption of hypercaloric food, sweetened drinks, and alcoholic beverages., Conclusions: The increase of GISs during the lockdown period in a population of medical students, may be correlated to both dietary habits and anxiety state due to a concern for one's health.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which is emerging as a major public health issue worldwide, is characterized by a wide spectrum of liver disorders, ranging from simple fat accumulation in hepatocytes, also known as steatosis, to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and cirrhosis. At present, the pharmacological treatment of NAFLD is still debated and dietary strategies for the prevention and the treatment of this condition are strongly considered. Polyphenols are a group of plant-derived compounds whose anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties are associated with a low prevalence of metabolic diseases, including obesity, hypertension, and insulin resistance. Since inflammation and oxidative stress are the main risk factors involved in the pathogenesis of NAFLD, recent studies suggest that the consumption of polyphenol-rich diets is involved in the prevention and treatment of NAFLD. However, few clinical trials are available on human subjects with NAFLD. Here, we reviewed the emerging existing evidence on the potential use of polyphenols to treat NAFLD. After introducing the physiopathology of NAFLD, we focused on the most investigated phenolic compounds in the setting of NAFLD and described their potential benefits, starting from basic science studies to animal models and human trials.

Objective: Ustekinumab (UST) is an anti-IL12/23 antibody for the treatment of Crohn's Disease (CD). The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of UST in a large population-based cohort of CD patients who failed previous treatment with other biologics., Patients and Methods: 194 CD patients (108 males and 86 females, mean age 48 years (range 38-58 years) were retrospectively reviewed. 147 patients were already treated with anti-TNFα (75.8%), and 47 (24.2%) patients were already treated with anti-TNFα and vedolizumab. Concomitant treatment with steroids was present in 177 (91.2%) patients., Results: At week 12, clinical remission was achieved in 146 (75.2%) patients. After a mean follow-up of 6 months, clinical remission was maintained in 135 (69.6%) patients; at that time, mucosal healing was assessed in 62 (31.9%) patients, and it was achieved in 33 (53.2) patients. Three (1.5%) patients were submitted to surgery. Steroid-free remission was achieved in 115 (59.3%) patients. Both serum C-Reactive Protein and Fecal Calprotectin (FC) levels were significantly reduced with respect to baseline levels during follow-up. A logistic regression, UST therapy as third-line therapy (after both anti-TNFα and vedolizumab), FC >200 µg/g, and HBI ≥8 were significantly associated with lack of remission. Adverse events occurred in 5 (2.6%) patients, and four of them required suspension of treatment., Conclusions: UST seemed to be really effective and safe in CD patients unresponsive to other biologic treatments, especially when used as second-line treatment.

Introduction and Purpose: Indoleamine 2, 3- dioxygenase (IDO) plays an importantrole in immunosuppressive pathway, as inhibits responsesof T cells and promotes immune tolerance. Host responsetoHelicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is involved in the infection persistenceand it is also associatedwith different clinical outcomes. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of IDO in H. pylori-infected patients with gastritis diseases and peptic ulcer diseases (PUD) through the assessment of the relationship among IDO protein expression and the numbers of T helper (Th)-1, Th17, Th22, and T regulator (Treg) cells., Materials and Methods: Antrum biopsy was obtained from H. pylori-negative patients (n = 48) and H. pylori-positive subjects (55 patients with gastritis and 47 patients with PUD), for performing H. pylori status and histopathological assessments. IDO protein expression was evaluated by Western blotting., Results: IDO protein expression was significantly higher in gastric biopsies from H. pylori-positive subjects compared to the H. pylori-negative subjects, and also in H. pylori-positive subjects with gastritis disease compared to H. pylori-positive subjects with PUD. Moreover, in H. pylori-positive subjects, a positive correlation was observed between IDO protein expression and the frequency of Treg cells. In addition, a negative correlation was observed between IDO protein expression and the number of Th1, Th17, and Th22., Conclusion: Increased IDO protein expression is able to change the number of Th1, Th17, Th22, and Treg cells and these changes are possibly associated with an increase in the risk of PUD development in H. pylori-infected patients., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2020 American Society for Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Introduction: The first case of infection by SARS-CoV-2 (i.e., COVID-19) has been officially recorded by the Italian National Health Service on February 21st, 2020. Lombardy was the first Italian region to be affected by the pandemic. Subsequently, the entire Northern part of Italy recorded a high number of cases, while the South was hit following the migratory waves. On March 8th, the Italian Government has issued a decree that imposed a total lockdown, defining it as a state of isolation and restricting access in Lombardy and the other 14 provinces of Northern Italy., Methods: We analyzed the virus trend in the period between February 24th and September 8th, 2020, focusing on Calabria, with regards to the following items: new positives, change of total positives, and total cases. Furthermore, we included other information, such as the incubation period, symptom resolution period, quarantine period., Results: On March 27th, the epidemic curve spiked with 101 new positive cases validating the hypothesis that this abnormal event was related to the displacement of non-residents people, living in the Northern part of Italy, to the home regions in the South. The epidemic curve showed a decreasing trend in the period after lockdown, proving the effectiveness of this measure. From the end of the lockdown May 04th to September 8th, the registered trend was -94.51%. A negative growth rate indicates that the number of new positive cases is lower than the number of healed patients., Conclusion: This study describes the effectiveness of the Italian Government policy, particularly the role of lockdown, for the containment of SARS-CoV-2 contagion in Calabria, a region with a low SARS-CoV-2 infection rate within the registered period., (Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.)