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Measuring pain self-efficacy is suggested as relevant in patients with musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) in a primary care setting. However, there is no pain self-efficacy questionnaire (PSEQ) available in Swedish. The aim of this study was to translate and culturally adapt PSEQ-2 to Swedish and evaluate reliability and validity in a population of patients with MSDs.

Multiple studies have been conducted regarding teachers' error-handling practices, and how errors can be treated as opportunities for learning, albeit in the context of whole-class discussions. The aim of the present research is to continue to investigate teachers' error-handling practices as they occur in different phases of maths lessons: introduction of the task, when students are working alone, and when students are working in pairs and finally, as part of the whole-class discussion. The study included 51 lessons from twelve teachers. A cross-case analysis was made across the individual teacher cases to look for similarities and differences between different teachers' error-handling practices across the lesson phases in order to create teaching profiles with similar handling of student errors across the lesson phases. Five error-handling teaching profiles were identified; correcting errors throughout all phases, correcting errors during students' work while few errors are brought up in whole class, correcting errors during students' work while using a variety of practices in whole class, ignoring errors while using some of them in whole class, and discussing and explaining errors.

While educational research and the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning (SoTL) are overlapping fields, over time there has appeared considerable friction between the two. There are claims that educational research has been tainted by SoTL's emergence and that those engaged in SoTL lack adequate training. They maintain that those engaged in SoTL would benefit from a better understanding of educational research theories and methods. Some engaged in SoTL perceive educational research as too distanced from practice. What underpins these perceived differences between the two fields? How might this friction be explained? The study described in this article explored empirical, interview-based viewpoints from new and experienced educational researchers and SoTL scholars, respectively. Participants were purposefully drawn from attendees at two European conferences specializing in educational research and SoTL. The data was examined using thematic analysis and focused mainly on the perceived differences between these communities. The central themes that emerged where differences occurred are community membership and governance, scope and purpose of inquiry, and intended recipients of inquiry results. Some differences include what and who determines the value of the contribution to the field and why it is valuable. This article provides an empirically based understanding of the relative attributes of both communities. We hope that it leads to future discussions about further developing fruitful and constructive interrelationships.

Reinstating the olfactory learning context can increase access to memory information, but it is not fully clear which memory functions are subject to an enhancing odor context reinstatement effect. Here, we tested whether congruent odor context during encoding and recall positively affected declarative and nondeclarative memory scores using a novel method for manipulation of an odorous environment; namely, intranasal Nosa plugs. Recall of a text and a complex figure as well as performance in a priming task were assessed immediately and 1 wk after encoding. We found that congruent odor exposure at encoding and recall aided free retrieval of a story at delayed testing but had no significant effect on a complex figure recall or a word completion task. Differences between the assessed memory indices suggest that olfactory environmental cues may be primarily efficient in free verbal recall tasks.

Research-practice partnerships (RPPs) have drawn a great deal of attention as promising structures for bringing educational research and practice closer together. However, promising as RPPs may be, challenges still exist and there have been calls for studies investigating how research can be used within RPPs, and how to include practitioners more in the generation of research evidence. We address these calls by conducting a systematic review of the research literature on RPPs. Our review of 57 articles shows that research is used in various ways to inform both the methods and content for facilitating school improvement in RPPs. For instance, research on effective PD can be directly applied to a Professional Development (PD) programme to inform the methods of the intervention, or research findings can be used as the content of an intervention to facilitate teacher learning. Moreover, the results suggest that the type of research used to inform RPPs affects the kinds of opportunities for research use that are presented to practitioners; ranging from applying research directly to practice (instrumental use), to using research to extend understanding (conceptual use), or using research methods and methodologies in order to increase practitioners' capacity for improving education (process use). Based on the results, we argue that the presented opportunities for research use in interventions strongly affect teachers' opportunities to participate in the generation of research evidence and thereby achieve a more democratised evidence system.

Humans have deliberately scented their environment for purpose or pleasure for millennia. In the contemporary marketplace most consumers prefer and purchase scented versions of common household products. However, the drivers of this consumer preference have not been elucidated. To explain the attraction to scent in household products we propose a novel three-factor framework, comprising "functional benefits" (malodor mitigation, base odor coverage, freshening), "in-use experience benefits" (cleanliness, efficacy, pleasure), and "emotional benefits" (increasing in confidence, mood and nostalgia). To support this framework, we present new data from a market research survey on US consumer purchasing habits and attitudes towards home cleaning, laundry, and air freshening products. Further substantiating our framework, a focused review of olfactory psychological science illustrating the central role of scent in cognition, wellbeing, motivated behavior, and social behavior, as well as sensory marketing research highlights the benefits and implications of scent in consumer household products. Based on our three-factor framework we go on to discuss the potential for scent to influence health and raise issues to consider (such as potential negative responding to fragranced products). We conclude by showcasing new opportunities for future research in olfactory science and on scented household products that can advance the positive impacts of scent.

Background: Musculoskeletal disorders are commonly treated in primary healthcare and may, if not treated adequately, entail a risk for long-term disability and sickness absence. A team-based rehabilitation intervention (PREVention of Sickness Absence for Musculoskeletal disorders, PREVSAM) was evaluated in a randomised controlled trial. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the process of implementing the PREVSAM model in primary care rehabilitation. Methods: This process evaluation was conducted alongside the trial, collecting quantitative and qualitative data to evaluate how the PREVSAM model was implemented, mechanisms of impact, and contextual factors. Acceptability, feasibility, appropriateness, adaptations, training and support, resources, recruitment, reach, retention, dose, fidelity, and readiness for change were investigated. Qualitative data were collected from healthcare professionals and patients. Results: Eight of 22 invited rehabilitation clinics (36%) and 28 of 54 healthcare professionals (52%) were included in the PREVSAM trial and this process evaluation. Of 507 eligible patients, 261 (51%) were included. Of those, 134 were randomised to the intervention and 129 (96%) were retained. Twelve healthcare professionals and 15 patients participated in the qualitative evaluations. The model's essential components; individual assessments and structured, team-based rehabilitation with clear division of responsibilities agreed in a joint health plan; were generally delivered according to protocol. The optional components early access to psychological treatment and workplace contact were delivered to a lesser extent. Perceived acceptability, feasibility, and appropriateness of the PREVSAM model were moderate to high. Several contextual barriers, in the form of missing prerequisites, affected the implementation. Qualitative data showed that the model, with its holistic view, was appreciated by both healthcare professionals and patients. Conclusions: This process evaluation suggests that PREVSAM is acceptable, feasible and appropriate for patients with MSDs reporting psychological risk factors associated with increased risk for sickness absence. While essential components were implemented with fidelity for most patients, optional components were not. This variability reflects the complexity of the model, its mandatory and optional components, contextual barriers, and the person-centred approach meeting individual patient needs. As all model components were not delivered to all patients, the intervention may have been too similar to treatment as usual to detect differences on a group level. A limitation of the study is that half of the participating rehabilitation clinics withdrew prematurely. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Naming common odors is a surprisingly difficult task: Odors are frequently misnamed. Little is known about the linguistic properties of odor misnamings. We test whether odor misnamings of old adults carry information about olfactory perception and its connection to lexical‐semantic processing. We analyze the olfactory–semantic content of odor source naming failures in a large sample of older adults in Sweden (n = 2479; age 58–100 years). We investigate whether linguistic factors and semantic proximity to the target odor name predict how odors are misnamed, and how these factors relate to overall odor identification performance. We also explore the primary semantic dimensions along which misnamings are distributed. We find that odor misnamings consist of surprisingly many vague and unspecific terms, such as category names (e.g., fruit) or abstract or evaluative terms (e.g., sweet). Odor misnamings are often strongly associated with the correct name, capturing properties such as its category or other abstract features. People are also biased toward misnaming odors with high‐frequency terms that are associated with olfaction or gustation. Linguistic properties of odor misnamings and their semantic proximity to the target odor name predict odor identification performance, suggesting that linguistic processing facilitates odor identification. Further, odor misnamings constitute an olfactory–semantic space that is similar to the olfactory vocabulary of English. This space is primarily differentiated along pleasantness, edibility, and concreteness dimensions. Odor naming failures thus contain plenty of information about semantic odor knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We propose a method for inferring the internal anisotropic volumetric texture of a given wood block from annotated photographs of its external surfaces. The global structure of the annual ring pattern is represented using a continuous spatial scalar field referred to as the growth time field (GTF). First, we train a generic neural model that can represent various GTFs using procedurally generated training data. Next, we fit the generic model to the GTF of a given wood block based on surface annotations. Finally, we convert the GTF to an annual ring field (ARF) revealing the layered pattern and apply neural style transfer to render orientation‐dependent small‐scale features and colors on a cut surface. We show rendered results of various physically cut real wood samples. Our method has physical and virtual applications such as cut‐preview before subtractive fabricating solid wood artifacts and simulating object breaking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the washback effects of a national test in Swedish at upper secondary schools. The test consists of three parts--reading, writing and speaking--and this study specifically focuses on the washback effects in relation to Stephen Ball's theory of policy enactment. The study draws on qualitative data from a total of 21 interviews conducted with five teachers of Swedish in upper secondary education in a series of four individual interviews and a concluding group interview. The results indicate that the reading comprehension test has had little washback effect on reading instruction whereas the writing and the oral tests seem to have had a substantial washback effect. The teachers also exhibit what Ball refers to as resistance and capitulation in relation to the national test, and to the reading comprehension test in particular.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of MediYoga as a group treatment to conventional treatment provided by a physiotherapist for people with perceived stress-related symptoms. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Settings: Primary care rehabilitation, Gothenburg Sweden. Subjects: Fifty-five patients with stress-related symptoms were invited to participate. Nine patients declined, and a total of 46 patients aged 26–70 years (mean 47), 44 women and two men were randomized, 23 to the MediYoga group and 23 to the physiotherapy treatment as usual group. Interventions: The MediYoga group performed MediYoga for one hour a week during an 8-week period. The control group received physiotherapy treatment as usual. Main measures: Data were mainly collected by self-reported questionnaires. For primary outcome the Swedish version of the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) was used. Secondary outcomes were the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), EuroQol–5D (EQ-5D) and EuroQol–Visual Analog Scale (EQ-VAS). Thoracic excursion was the only physical measurement. Mixed effect model was used for analyse. Results: For the primary outcome PSS, there was a close to statistically significant group effect over time advantaging MediYoga over physiotherapy (P = 0.06). For secondary outcomes, the group effect over time was statistically significant in HADS anxiety (P = 0.01) and EQ-VAS (P = 0.03). There was a group trend over time advantaging MediYoga in HADS depression (P = 0.08). Conclusion: Despite a large dropout in both groups, MediYoga can be recommended as a treatment option for people suffering from stress-related symptoms. Trial registration: Registered in: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02907138 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]