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We introduce fine Schubert polynomials, which record the multidegrees of the closures of matrix Schubert varieties in $(\mathbb{P}^1)^{n^2}$. We compute the fine Schubert polynomials of permutations $w$ where the coefficients of the Schubert polynomials of $w$ and $w^{-1}$ are all either 0 or 1. We give a criterion for a collection of polynomials to be a universal Gr\"{o}bner basis for an ideal in terms of the multidegree of the closure of the corresponding affine variety in $(\mathbb{P}^1)^n$. This criterion gives simple proofs of several existing results on universal Gr\"{o}bner bases. We use this criterion to give a universal Gr\"{o}bner basis for the ideal of a matrix Schubert variety of a permutation $w$ where the coefficients of the Schubert polynomial of $w$ and $w^{-1}$ are all either 0 or 1.

We calculate the determinant of the bilinear form in middle degree of the generic artinian reduction of the Stanley-Reisner ring of an odd-dimensional simplicial sphere. This proves the odd multiplicity conjecture of Papadakis and Petrotou and implies that this determinant is a complete invariant of the simplicial sphere. We extend this result to odd-dimensional connected oriented simplicial homology manifolds. In characteristic 2, we prove a generalization to the Hodge-Riemann forms of any connected simplicial homology manifold. To prove the latter theorem we establish the strong Lefschetz property for certain quotients of the Stanley-Reisner rings of connected simplicial pseudomanifolds., Comment: v3: new title, author, stronger results

We establish a connection between problems studied in rigidity theory and matroids arising from linear algebraic constructions like tensor products and symmetric products. A special case of this correspondence identifies the problem of giving a description of the correctable erasure patterns in a maximally recoverable tensor code with the problem of describing bipartite rigid graphs or low-rank completable matrix patterns. Additionally, we relate dependencies among symmetric products of generic vectors to graph rigidity and symmetric matrix completion. With an eye toward applications to computer science, we study the dependency of these matroids on the characteristic by giving new combinatorial descriptions in several cases, including the first description of the correctable patterns in an (m, n, a=2, b=2) maximally recoverable tensor code.

We give elementary and non-inductive proofs of three fundamental theorems about Chow rings of matroids: the standard monomial basis, Poincare duality, and the dragon-Hall-Rado formula. Our approach, which also works for augmented Chow rings of matroids, is based on a straightening law. This approach also gives a decomposition of the Chow ring of a matroid into pieces indexed by flats.

Hilbert polynomials have positivity properties under favorable conditions. We establish a similar "K-theoretic positivity" for matroids. As an application, for a multiplicity-free subvariety of a product of projective spaces such that the projection onto one of the factors has birational image, we show that a transformation of its K-polynomial is Lorentzian. This partially answers a conjecture of Castillo, Cid-Ruiz, Mohammadi, and Montano. As another application, we show that the h*-vector of a simplicially positive divisor on a matroid is a Macaulay vector, affirmatively answering a question of Speyer for a new infinite family of matroids., Comment: To appear in Alg. Geom

The moduli space of stable rational curves with marked points has two distinguished families of maps: the forgetful maps, given by forgetting some of the markings, and the Kapranov maps, given by complete linear series of $\psi$-classes. The collection of all these maps embeds the moduli space into a product of projective spaces. We call the multidegrees of this embedding ``Kapranov degrees,'' which include as special cases the work of Witten, Silversmith, Gallet--Grasegger--Schicho, Castravet--Tevelev, Postnikov, Cavalieri--Gillespie--Monin, and Gillespie--Griffins--Levinson. We establish, in terms of a combinatorial matching condition, upper bounds for Kapranov degrees and a characterization of their positivity. The positivity characterization answers a question of Silversmith and gives a new proof of Laman's theorem characterizing generically rigid graphs in the plane. We achieve this by proving a recursive formula for Kapranov degrees and by using tools from the theory of error correcting codes., Comment: Added proof of Laman's theorem

Delta-matroids are "type B" generalizations of matroids in the same way that maximal orthogonal Grassmannians are generalizations of Grassmannians. A delta-matroid analogue of the Tutte polynomial of a matroid is the interlace polynomial. We give a geometric interpretation for the interlace polynomial via the K-theory of maximal orthogonal Grassmannians. To do so, we develop a new Hirzebruch-Riemann-Roch-type formula for the type B permutohedral variety., Comment: 19 pages; v2: minor revisions. To appear in TAMS

In this note, we give a rank function axiomatization for delta-matroids and study the corresponding rank generating function. We relate an evaluation of the rank generating function to the number of independent sets of the delta-matroid, and we prove a log-concavity result for that evaluation using the theory of Lorentzian polynomials., Comment: Added discussion of delta-matroid activity

We provide a combinatorial interpretation of the Kazhdan--Lusztig polynomial of the matroid arising from the braid arrangement of type $\mathrm{A}_{n-1}$, which gives an interpretation of the intersection cohomology Betti numbers of the reciprocal plane of the braid arrangement. Moreover, we prove an equivariant version of this result. The key combinatorial object is a class of matroids arising from series-parallel networks. As a consequence, we prove a conjecture of Elias, Proudfoot, and Wakefield on the top coefficient of Kazhdan--Lusztig polynomials of braid matroids, and we provide explicit generating functions for their Kazhdan--Lusztig and $Z$-polynomials., Comment: 15 pages. Final version, to appear in Communications of the American Mathematical Society

Polymatroids are combinatorial abstractions of subspace arrangements in the same way that matroids are combinatorial abstractions of hyperplane arrangements. By introducing augmented Chow rings of polymatroids, modeled after augmented wonderful varieties of subspace arrangements, we generalize several algebro-geometric techniques developed in recent years to study matroids. We show that intersection numbers in the augmented Chow ring of a polymatroid are determined by a matching property known as the Hall--Rado condition, which is new even in the case of matroids., Comment: To appear in IMRN

Face recognition technology has advanced significantly in recent years due largely to the availability of large and increasingly complex training datasets for use in deep learning models. These datasets, however, typically comprise images scraped from news sites or social media platforms and, therefore, have limited utility in more advanced security, forensics, and military applications. These applications require lower resolution, longer ranges, and elevated viewpoints. To meet these critical needs, we collected and curated the first and second subsets of a large multi-modal biometric dataset designed for use in the research and development (R&D) of biometric recognition technologies under extremely challenging conditions. Thus far, the dataset includes more than 350,000 still images and over 1,300 hours of video footage of approximately 1,000 subjects. To collect this data, we used Nikon DSLR cameras, a variety of commercial surveillance cameras, specialized long-rage R&D cameras, and Group 1 and Group 2 UAV platforms. The goal is to support the development of algorithms capable of accurately recognizing people at ranges up to 1,000 m and from high angles of elevation. These advances will include improvements to the state of the art in face recognition and will support new research in the area of whole-body recognition using methods based on gait and anthropometry. This paper describes methods used to collect and curate the dataset, and the dataset's characteristics at the current stage.

We study the $K$-ring of the wonderful variety of a hyperplane arrangement and give a combinatorial presentation that depends only on the underlying matroid. We use this combinatorial presentation to define the $K$-ring of an arbitrary loopless matroid. We construct an exceptional isomorphism, with integer coefficients, to the Chow ring of the matroid that satisfies a Hirzebruch--Riemann--Roch-type formula, generalizing a recent construction of Berget, Eur, Spink, and Tseng for the permutohedral variety (the wonderful variety of a Boolean arrangement). As an application, we give combinatorial formulas for Euler characteristics of arbitrary line bundles on wonderful varieties. We give analogous constructions and results for augmented wonderful varieties, and for Deligne--Mumford--Knudsen moduli spaces of stable rational curves with marked points., Comment: 38 pages. V2: improved readability and fixed typos. Final version accepted at Adv. Math

We establish a connection between the algebraic geometry of the type B permutohedral toric variety and the combinatorics of delta-matroids. Using this connection, we compute the volume and lattice point counts of type B generalized permutohedra. Applying tropical Hodge theory to a new framework of "tautological classes of delta-matroids," modeled after certain vector bundles associated to realizable delta-matroids, we establish the log-concavity of a Tutte-like invariant for a broad family of delta-matroids that includes all realizable delta-matroids. Our results include new log-concavity statements for all (ordinary) matroids as special cases., Comment: To appear in Proc. Lon. Math. Soc

We prove the local motivic monodromy conjecture for singularities that are nondegenerate with respect to a simplicial Newton polyhedron. It follows that all poles of the local topological zeta functions of such singularities correspond to eigenvalues of monodromy acting on the cohomology of the Milnor fiber of some nearby point, as do the poles of Igusa's local $p$-adic zeta functions for large primes $p$., Comment: v2: 68 pages. Expanded to include further results beyond the simplicial case, including the local motivic monodromy conjecture for all Newton nondegenerate singularities of functions in three variables

We study the local face modules of triangulations of simplices, i.e., the modules over face rings whose Hilbert functions are local $h$-vectors. In particular, we give resolutions of these modules by subcomplexes of Koszul complexes as well as functorial maps between modules induced by inclusions of faces. As applications, we prove a new monotonicity result for local $h$-vectors and new results on the structure of faces in triangulations with vanishing local $h$-vectors., Comment: v2: 15 pages, minor improvements. To appear in Algebraic Combinatorics

We use the geometry of the stellahedral toric variety to study matroids. We identify the valuative group of matroids with the cohomology ring of the stellahedral toric variety, and show that valuative, homological, and numerical equivalence relations for matroids coincide. We establish a new log-concavity result for the Tutte polynomial of a matroid, answering a question of Wagner and Shapiro-Smirnov-Vaintrob on Postnikov-Shapiro algebras, and calculate the Chern-Schwartz-MacPherson classes of matroid Schubert cells. The central construction is the "augmented tautological classes of matroids," modeled after certain vector bundles on the stellahedral toric variety., Comment: To appear in Forum Math. Pi

We introduce the Bergman fan of a polymatroid and prove that the Chow ring of the Bergman fan is isomorphic to the Chow ring of the polymatroid. Using the Bergman fan, we establish the K\"ahler package for the Chow ring of the polymatroid, recovering and strengthening a result of Pagaria-Pezzoli., Comment: minor revisions

Given a subset $W$ of an abelian group $G$, a subset $C$ is called an additive complement for $W$ if $W+C=G$; if, moreover, no proper subset of $C$ has this property, then we say that $C$ is a minimal complement for $W$. It is natural to ask which subsets $C$ can arise as minimal complements for some $W$. We show that in a finite abelian group $G$, every non-empty subset $C$ of size $|C| \leq 2^{2/3}|G|^{1/3}/((3e \log |G|)^{2/3}$ is a minimal complement for some $W$. As a corollary, we deduce that every finite non-empty subset of an infinite abelian group is a minimal complement. We also derive several analogous results for ``dual'' problems about maximal supplements.

The Arakelov-Zhang pairing $\langle\psi,\phi\rangle$ is a measure of the "dynamical distance" between two rational maps $\psi$ and $\phi$ defined over a number field $K$. It is defined in terms of local integrals on Berkovich space at each completion of $K$. We obtain a simple expression for the important case of the pairing with a power map, written in terms of integrals over Julia sets. Under certain disjointness conditions on Julia sets, our expression simplifies to a single canonical height term; in general, this term is a lower bound. As applications of our method, we give bounds on the difference between the canonical height $h_\phi$ and the standard Weil height $h$, and we prove a rigidity statement about polynomials that satisfy a strong form of good reduction., Comment: 13 pages

In recent work, Pomerance and Shparlinski have obtained results on the number of cycles in the functional graph of the map $x \mapsto x^a$ in $\mathbb{F}_p^*$. We prove similar results for other families of finite groups. In particular, we obtain estimates for the number of cycles for cyclic groups, symmetric groups, dihedral groups and $SL_2(\mathbb{F}_q)$. We also show that the cyclic group of order $n$ minimizes the number of cycles among all nilpotent groups of order $n$ for a fixed exponent. Finally, we pose several problems., Comment: 14 pages, 1 figure