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ABSTRACTIn performing radiometric susceptibility testing on over 2,000 patient isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosisduring the past 6 years, we found that resistance to 7.5 μg/ml ethambutol (EMB) occurred only in isolates that are also resistant to 0.4 μg/ml isoniazid (INH). Using 157 selected isolates in the present study, we performed radiometric and agar proportion susceptibility tests and DNA sequencing of genetic regions associated with resistance to these two drugs. The goal was to study the occurrence of the common mutations associated with resistance to each drug and also to determine whether any particular INH-resistance-associated mutation occurred more often in combination with any particular EMB-resistance-associated mutation. In an analysis of 128 isolates resistant to 0.4 μg/ml INH, we found that a mutation at katGSer315 was more common in isolates also resistant to 7.5 μg/ml EMB (61 of 67 = 91.0%) than in isolates either susceptible to EMB or resistant to 2.5 μg/ml EMB (39 of 60 = 65.0%). These observations suggest that INH-resistant strains with a mutation at katGSer315 are more likely to acquire resistance to 7.5 μg/ml EMB than are isolates with INH-resistance-associated mutations at other sites. In addition, we found that 64 of 67 (95.5%) isolates resistant to 7.5 μg/ml EMB contained a mutation in either codon 306 or codon 406 of embB.Met306Val was the most common embBmutation, present in 52 (77.6%) of the 67 isolates. Most occurrences of this mutation (49 of 52 = 94.2%) were found in isolates that also contained the katGSer315Thr mutation. Finally, sequencing this region of embBappears to be sufficiently sensitive for use as a rapid screening tool for detection of high-level resistance to EMB.

The article reviews the exhibition "Poetry Within: The Life and Work of William Thon" at the Portland Museum of Art in Portland, Maine until May 27, 2002.

The article reviews the exhibition "Chicago Painting 1895 to 1945: The Bridges Collection" at the Illinois Art Gallery, James R. Thompson Center in Chicago, Illinois, until May 19, 2000.

The article discusses the architectural design of a barn and artist's space owned by the artist Harry Holtzman and located in rural Connecticut.

The article describes the life of folk artist storyteller-painter, Jon Serl, who died at age 98 in 1993. Serl was born into great poverty in New York State. He lived an eccentric life, spending his final days in Lake Elsinore, California in a rambling house on which he covered every surface in and outside the house with colorful paintings. His paintings can be found at Cavin-Morris Gallery and the Museum of American Folk Art (MAFA) in New York City and the Collection of Dorothy and Leo Rabkin.

The article focuses on the works of the self-taught painter Louis Monza, who was born in Turate, Italy in 1897. Monza first worked as an apprentice to a provincial wood-carver when he was seven. He then became a painter of political protest, where his paintings depict the bombardment of Pearl Harbor, hospital scenes as well as the fall of Paris, France. Moreover, it explores his life as he developed into a mature artist. It also provides insights regarding Monza's drawings, prints, and sculptures of the 1960s and 1970s. His famous works include "The Comic Tragedy" and "Guernica." It notes that Monza became a poet at the end of his career.