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Resumen La peritonitis fúngica es la responsable del 3 a 6% de los casos de peritonitis asociada a diálisis. Es causa importante de morbimortalidad y de falla de la técnica. El microorganismo aislado con mayor frecuencia es la Candida albicans. Sin embargo, en los últimos años la incidencia de nuevos casos asociados a Candida no albicans y otros hongos, ha aumentado. De estas especies patógenas, Candida haemulonii es causal de infecciones humanas, siendo inusual en pacientes en diálisis, encontrándose un caso reportado en la literatura de peritonitis asociado a diálisis. C. haemulonii supone ciertos retos diagnósticos ya que es un complejo de tres especies que requieren métodos moleculares de laboratorio para su diferenciación. Adicionalmente, tiene un perfil de multirresistencia a los antimicóticos que constituye para el clínico, un reto en el oportuno tratamiento de estos pacientes. A continuación, se describe un caso de peritonitis asociado a diálisis peritoneal por C. haemulonii. Abstract Fungal peritonitis represents 3 to 6% of peritonitis in dialysis patients. It is an important cause of morbidity, mortality and technique failure. The most frequently isolated microorganism is Candida albicans; however, in recent years there are an increasing number of cases of non Candida albicans and other fungal peritonitis. Candida haemulonii causes human infections, but it is unusual in dialysis patients. There is one reported case of peritonitis in a dialysis patient. C. haemulonii generates certain diagnostic and therapeutic challenges because it is a complex of three species that can only be differentiated by specialized molecular methods and additionally, has a multidrug resistance profile. We describe the case of a dialysis patient with C. haemulonii peritonitis.

We had the challenged to treat a 40-year-old female with Systemic Scleroderma who was showing unspecific symptoms. During her time at the hospital she rapidly develops renal dysfunction, associated with hypertension. She required renal replacement therapy initiation and we observed a decline in hemoglobin and platelets numbers. We confirm a microangiopathic hemolytic anemia and rule out other immune diseases or thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Systemic Sclerosis is a chronic immune disorder of unknown origin that it is not completely understood. It is believed that environmental factors may contribute and also altered genes may be implicated in the immune system’s function. Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia occurs in 43% of patients who develop scleroderma renal crisis and an activation of the complement system through the classical pathway may be involved. Given that context we decided to treat the patients with C5 blocker Eculizumab and obtain an extraordinary positive response.

Introducción. El intercambio plasmático (IP) se ha convertido en una alternativa terapéutica para múltiples enfermedades. Cada día hay más evidencia científica que apoya el uso de esta terapia en varias enfermedades neurológicas. Es importante registrar la experiencia local en IP para conocer la respuesta de nuestra población a la terapia. Objetivo. Describir la experiencia del Hospital Universitario San Ignacio en IP realizado a pacientes con enfermedades neurológicas durante un período de cuatro años. Materiales y métodos. Estudio observacional retrospectivo en el que se describe a los pacientes, la técnica de la terapia, las complicaciones y la respuesta clínica de los pacientes con enfermedades neurológicas tratados con IP. Resultados. Se realizaron 106 sesiones de IP en 16 pacientes. El promedio de edad de los pacientes fue de 43 años, el 81% de los pacientes eran de sexo femenino. El 83% de las sesiones fueron indicadas por miastenia gravis, el resto por síndrome de Guillain-Barré, neuromielítis óptica, neuropatía motora multifocal y encefalitis autoinmune. Todas las sesiones fueron realizadas por técnica de filtración transmembrana. El promedio de recambios plasmáticos realizado fue 1.3. Se registraron 26 complicaciones en 20 sesiones de IP. La respuesta neurológica de los pacientes a la terapia fue la esperada y similar a la reportada en la literatura médica. Conclusión. Según la experiencia de la institución, el IP es una terapia segura y eficaz en pacientes con enfermedades neurológicas. Introduction. Plasma exchange (PE) has become a therapeutic treatment for many neurological diseases. Each day more scientific papers are being published with evidence that approves PE for patients with immunological mediated neurological disorders. It is important to register our local experience with PE in order to understand the clinical answer to the therapy in our population. Objective. To describe the experience of the Hospital Universitario San Ignacio in treating patients with neurological disorders with PE, during a 4 year period. Materials and methods. Observational retrospective study, which describes the patients, PE technique, complications of therapy and clinical answer of patients with neurological conditions treated with PE. Results. 106 sessions of PE in 16 patients, corresponding to 23 procedures. The average age was 43 years, 81% of patients were female. 83% of sessions were done for Myasthenia gravis, the rest were done for treatment of Guillain-Barré, Optical Neuromyelitis, multifocal motor neuropathy and autoimmune encephalitis. All sessions were done by membrane filtration technique. The average plasma volume exchange was 1.3, and 20 sessions presented at least one complication. The neurological response of the patients was the expected and was similar to those reported in the literature. Conclusions. Based on the experience of our medical center, PE is a safe and effective therapy for patients with some immunological mediated neurological disorders.

Acute kidney injury is a common condition in critical care, and continuous extracorporeal therapies have become part of the requirement for multiorgan support in critically ill patients. Availability of continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) in a healthcare center can influence the therapy performance and patient’s results, and it is challenging to attain high-quality standards in centers without previous experience in CRRT and with new therapy users. This chapter describes the experience of a highly specialized acute renal care service model with emphasis on timely interventions by an exclusive CRRT team, education and training, protocol development, quality performance improvement, and its impact on optimal clinical and pharmacoeconomic outcomes.