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Additional file 3: Additional Table 3. Classification of the System: 1. Internet or Website 2. Computer (software) 3. Mobile app 4. Electronic messaging (email, SMS) 5. Electronic health record 6. Telehealth (telemedicine, telepsychiatry) 7. Virtual reality/ augmented reality 8. Robot 9. Connected devices 10. Social media 11. Other system;Function: A.Decision support a)Screening b)Prompts and alerts B. Communication a. Transmission of information (one way) b. Communication (with healthcare provider) c. Communication (peer to peer, e.g., virtual peer group for clients) C. Therapy a. Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) b. Other psychotherapy c. Gamification D. Monitoring a. Provider monitoring b. Self-monitoring; Time: = Synchronous + Asynchronous. Facilitation: G. Entirely supported by healthcare providers PG.Partially supported by healthcare providers S. Self-administered.

Additional file 4. Forest plot: Subgroup analysis of self-directed interventions for any digital intervention vs. usual care or another digital intervention to manage anxiety in people with any concomitant chronic condition.

Additional file 2. Classification framework of digital mental health interventions, reproduced from Gagnon et al. 2022.

Additional file 6. Forest plot: Subgroup analysis on type of technology for any digital intervention vs. usual care or another digital intervention to manage anxiety in people with any concomitant chronic condition.

Additional file 7. Forest plot: Subgroup analysis on type of technology for any digital intervention vs. usual care or another digital intervention to manage depression in people with any concomitant chronic condition.

Additional file 5. Forest plot: Subgroup analysis on level of professional support for any digital intervention vs. usual care or another digital intervention to manage depression in people with any concomitant chronic condition.

Additional file 1. Nine research questions identified by the knowledge user group (translated from French).

Introduction: Multimorbidity increases care needs and primary care use among people with chronic diseases. The Concerto Health Program (CHP) has been developed to optimise chronic disease management in primary care services. However, in its current version, the CHP primarily targets clinicians and does not aim to answer directly patients' and their informal caregivers' needs for chronic disease management. Various studies have shown that interventions that increase patient activation level are associated with better health outcomes. Furthermore, educational tools must be adapted to patients and caregivers in terms of health literacy and usability. This project aims to develop, implement and evaluate a user-centred, multifunctional and personalised eHealth platform (CONCERTO+) to promote a more active patient role in chronic disease management and decision-making. Methods and analysis: This project uses a collaborative research approach, aiming at the personalisation of CHP through three phases: (1) the development of one module of an eHealth platform based on scientific evidence and user-centred design; (2) a feasibility study of CONCERTO+ through a pilot cluster randomised controlled trial where patients with chronic diseases from a primary healthcare practice will receive CONCERTO+ during 6 months and be compared to patients from a control practice receiving usual care and (3) an analysis of CONCERTO+ potential for scaling up. To do so, we will conduct two focus groups with patients and informal caregivers and individual interviews with health professionals at the two study sites, as well as health care managers, information officers and representatives of the Ministry of Health. Ethics and dissemination: This study received ethical approval from Ethics Committee of Université Laval. The findings will be used to inform the effectiveness of CONCERTO+ to improve management care in chronic diseases. We will disseminate findings through presentations in scientific conferences and publication in peer-reviewed journals.