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Background: Kinesiology contributions to research and implementation of programs for cardiovascular disease have not been documented. This scoping review assesses kinesiology affiliates participation in exercise interventional research. Methods: The review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic review and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) Checklist. Eligible studies included individuals diagnosed with coronary artery (CAD) or heart disease (CHD) or stroke participating in exercise interventions supervised or designed by a kinesiologist affiliate (exercise physiologist, kinesiologist, exercise trainer, exercise therapist). Results: The search in MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, PsychINFO, SPORTDiscus, and CINAHL yielded 219 studies, including 13,874 participants (5,242 CAD, 4,526 CHD, and 4,106 post-stroke). Randomized controlled trials were the most common study design (52%). Kinesiologists were involved in 70% of the studies and supervised 23%. Forty percent did not specify the supervisor. Kinesiologists are involved in prevention and rehabilitation exercise studies that look to improve feasibility of practice, aerobic fitness, muscle and body composition, functional capacity, gait, neurological, psychosocial, and cardiovascular outcomes. Conclusions: Documentation of kinesiology contributions to research for patients with cardiovascular disease may enhance their acceptance in research and care for people with impaired cardiovascular health. Kinesiology affiliates frequently implement and supervise clinical exercise interventions in stroke, CAD, and CHD populations Kinesiology affiliates make contributions to high-quality evidence generating research and patient care Clinical exercise intervention supervisors are often kinesiology affiliates but are not identified in 40% of research reports [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This scoping review assesses participation in exercise interventional research in cancer by kinesiology affiliates. Eligible studies included cancer patients/survivors who were participating in an exercise or training intervention involving a kinesiologist or equivalent. The search of MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, PsycINFO, SPORTDiscus, and CINAHL yielded 220 eligible studies published between 2002 and 2020 which included 7,475 breast cancer, 2,390 prostate cancer, 4,098 mixed cancer, and 2,123 other cancer participants. The kinesiologist affiliates identified as exercise physiologists (42%), exercise specialists (14%), exercise trainers (26%) and kinesiologists (18%). Kinesiology affiliates implement and supervise interventional research contributing to evidence generation and patient care. Documentation of their contributions may enhance acceptance of kinesiologist affiliates in clinical research and health care for people with cancer and cancer survivors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the 2016 presidential campaign, immigration became a major national issue. President Trump's executive order that places travel restrictions on citizens and refugees from six predominantly Muslim countries and that bans their entrance into the United States has resulted in nationwide protests and questions regarding the constitutionality of the order. The American Psychological Association (APA) issued a news release requesting President Trump to think through the potential consequences of his immigration order. APA fears that a travel ban targeting a population already subject to discrimination may result in their experiencing further trauma and stress. Has there been any other time, the authors argue, in the country's history that alarm over immigration caused such division, or is this reaction unique to the present cultural zeitgeist? In other words, is there any, to borrow a phrase from historian Barbara Tuchman (1978), "distant mirror" that can serve as a reflection upon the present times? The experiences of the immigrants passing through Ellis Island, they explain, during the first two decades of the 1900s may just serve as that distant mirror. In this article, the authors examine the history of mental testing of immigrants at Ellis Island.

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Radiation exposure during muscle development induces long-term decrements to skeletal muscle health, which contribute to reduced quality of life in childhood cancer survivors. Whether the effects of radiation on skeletal muscle are influenced by relevant physiological factors, such as obesity and exercise training remains unknown. Using skeletal muscle from our previously published work examining the effects of obesity and exercise training on radiation-exposed bone marrow, we evaluated the influence of these physiological host factors on irradiated skeletal muscle morphology and cellular dynamics. Mice were divided into control and high fat diet groups with or without exercise training. All mice were then exposed to radiation and continued in their intervention group for an additional 4 weeks. Diet-induced obesity resulted in increased muscle fibrosis, while obesity and exercise training both increased muscle adiposity. Exercise training enhanced myofibre cross-sectional area and the number of satellite cells committed to the myogenic lineage. High fat groups demonstrated an increase in p-NFĸB expression, a trend for a decline in IL-6, and increase in TGFB1. These findings suggest exercise training improves muscle morphology and satellite cell dynamics compared to diet-induced obesity in irradiated muscle, and have implications for exercise interventions in cancer survivors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]