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1. Human papillomavirus infection and increased risk of HIV acquisition. A systematic review and meta-analysis

Author

Houlihan, Catherine F, Larke, Natasha L, Watson-Jones, Deborah, Smith-McCune, Karen K, Shiboski, Stephen, Gravitt, Patti E, Smith, Jennifer S, Kuhn, Louise, Wang, Chunhui, and Hayes, Richard

Subjects
Cervical Cancer, HPV and/or Cervical Cancer Vaccines, Prevention, Sexually Transmitted Infections, Cancer, Infectious Diseases, HIV/AIDS, Immunization, Vaccine Related, Aetiology, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Infection, Good Health and Well Being, Alphapapillomavirus, Female, HIV Seropositivity, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Humans, Incidence, Male, Papillomavirus Infections, Risk Factors, Sexual Behavior, HIV, human papillomavirus, meta-analysis, papillomavirus infections, risk factors, Biological Sciences, Medical and Health Sciences, Psychology and Cognitive Sciences, Virology
Abstract

ObjectivesHuman papillomavirus (HPV), one of the commonest sexually transmitted infections, may be a cofactor in HIV acquisition. We systematically reviewed the evidence for an association of HPV infection with HIV acquisition in women, heterosexual men and men who have sex with men (MSM).Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis.MethodsStudies meeting inclusion criteria in Pubmed, Embase and conference abstracts up to 29 July 2011 were identified. Random effects meta-analyses were performed to calculate summary hazard ratios (HR). Publication bias and statistical heterogeneity were evaluated and population attributable fractions (PAFs) calculated.ResultsEight articles were included, with previously unpublished data from five authors. Seven studies found an association between prevalent HPV and HIV acquisition. Risk of HIV acquisition in women doubled with prevalent HPV infection with any genotype [HR = 2.06 (95% CI = 1.44-2.94), I = 0%], although adjustment for confounders was often inadequate. The effect was similar for high-risk [HR = 1.99 (95% CI = 1.54-2.56), I = 8.4%] and low-risk [HR = 2.01 (95% CI = 1.27-3.20), I = 0%] HPV genotypes with weak evidence of publication bias (P = 0.06). Two studies in men were identified: both showed an association between HPV infection and HIV acquisition. Unpublished data from one of two studies in women indicated an association between genotypes targeted by HPV vaccines and HIV acquisition. PAFs for HIV attributable to infection with any HPV genotype ranged between 21 and 37%.ConclusionIf further studies validate the association between HPV infection and HIV acquisition, HPV vaccines may reduce HIV incidence in high HPV prevalence populations, in addition to preventing cervical cancer. HIV surveillance studies during implementation of HPV vaccine programmes are warranted.

Published
2012

2. The Genome of the Kinetoplastid Parasite, Leishmania major

Author

Ivens, Alasdair C., Peacock, Christopher S., Worthey, Elizabeth A., Murphy, Lee, Aggarwal, Gautam, Berriman, Matthew, Sisk, Ellen, Rajandream, Marie-Adele, Adlem, Ellen, Aert, Rita, Anupama, Atashi, Apostolou, Zina, Attipoe, Philip, Bason, Nathalie, Bauser, Christopher, Beck, Alfred, Beverley, Stephen M., Bianchettin, Gabriella, Borzym, Katja, Bothe, Gordana, Bruschi, Carlo V., Collins, Matt, Cadag, Eithon, Ciarloni, Laura, Clayton, Christine, Cronin, Ann, Cruz, Angela K., Davies, Robert M., De Gaudenzi, Javier, Dobson, Deborah E., Duesterhoeft, Andreas, Fazelina, Gholam, Fosker, Nigel, Frasch, Alberto Carlos, Fraser, Audrey, Fuchs, Monika, Gabel, Claudia, Goble, Arlette, Goffeau, André, Harris, David, Hertz-Fowler, Christiane, Hilbert, Helmut, Horn, David, Huang, Yiting, Klages, Sven, Knights, Andrew, Kube, Michael, Larke, Natasha, Litvin, Lyudmila, Lord, Angela, Louie, Tin, Marra, Marco, Masuy, David, Matthews, Keith, Michaeli, Shulamit, Mottram, Jeremy C., Müller-Auer, Silke, Munden, Heather, Nelson, Siri, Norbertczak, Halina, Oliver, Karen, O'Neil, Susan, Pentony, Martin, Pohl, Thomas M., Price, Claire, Purnelle, Bénédicte, Quail, Michael A., Rabbinowitsch, Ester, Reinhardt, Richard, Rieger, Michael, Rinta, Joel, Robben, Johan, Robertson, Laura, Ruiz, Jeronimo C., Rutter, Simon, Saunders, David, Schäfer, Melanie, Schein, Jacquie, Schwartz, David C., Seeger, Kathy, Seyler, Amber, Sharp, Sarah, Shin, Heesun, Sivam, Dhileep, Squares, Rob, Squares, Steve, Tosato, Valentina, Vogt, Christy, Volckaert, Guido, Wambutt, Rolf, Warren, Tim, Wedler, Holger, Woodward, John, Zhou, Shiguo, Zimmermann, Wolfgang, Smith, Deborah F., Blackwell, Jenefer M., Stuart, Kenneth D., Barrell, Bart, and Myler, Peter J.

Published
2005

3. The Genome of the African Trypanosome Trypanosoma brucei

Author

Berriman, Matthew, Ghedin, Elodie, Hertz-Fowler, Christiane, Blandin, Gaëlle, Renauld, Hubert, Bartholomeu, Daniella C., Lennard, Nicola J., Caler, Elisabet, Hamlin, Nancy E., Haas, Brian, Böhme, Ulrike, Hannick, Linda, Aslett, Martin A., Shallom, Joshua, Marcello, Lucio, Hou, Lihua, Wickstead, Bill, Arrowsmith, Claire, Atkin, Rebecca J., Barron, Andrew J., Bringaud, Frederic, Brooks, Karen, Carrington, Mark, Cherevach, Inna, Chillingworth, Tracey-Jane, Churcher, Carol, Clark, Louise N., Corton, Craig H., Cronin, Ann, Davies, Rob M., Doggett, Jonathon, Djikeng, Appolinaire, Feldblyum, Tamara, Field, Mark C., Fraser, Audrey, Goodhead, Ian, Hance, Zahra, Harper, David, Harris, Barbara R., Hauser, Heidi, Hostetler, Jessica, Ivens, Al, Jagels, Kay, Johnson, David, Johnson, Justin, Jones, Kristine, Kerhornou, Arnaud X., Koo, Hean, Larke, Natasha, Landfear, Scott, Larkin, Christopher, Leech, Vanessa, Line, Alexandra, Lord, Angela, MacLeod, Annette, Mooney, Paul J., Moule, Sharon, Morgan, Gareth W., Mungall, Karen, Norbertczak, Halina, Ormond, Doug, Pai, Grace, Peacock, Chris S., Peterson, Jeremy, Quail, Michael A., Rabbinowitsch, Ester, Rajandream, Marie-Adele, Reitter, Chris, Salzberg, Steven L., Sanders, Mandy, Schobel, Seth, Sharp, Sarah, Simmonds, Mark, Simpson, Anjana J., Tallon, Luke, Tait, Andrew, Tivey, Adrian R., Van Aken, Susan, Walker, Danielle, Wanless, David, Wang, Shiliang, White, Brian, White, Owen, Whitehead, Sally, Woodward, John, Wortman, Jennifer, Adams, Mark D., Embley, T. Martin, Gull, Keith, Ullu, Elisabetta, Barry, J. David, Fairlamb, Alan H., Opperdoes, Fred, Barrell, Barclay G., Donelson, John E., Hall, Neil, Fraser, Claire M., Melville, Sara E., and El-Sayed, Najib M.

Published
2005

6. Genome of the Host-Cell Transforming Parasite Theileria annulata Compared with T. parva

Author

Pain, Arnab, Renauld, Hubert, Berriman, Matthew, Murphy, Lee, Yeats, Corin A., Weir, William, Kerhornou, Arnaud, Aslett, Martin, Bishop, Richard, Bouchier, Christiane, Cochet, Madeleine, Cronin, Ann, de Villiers, Etienne P., Fraser, Audrey, Fosker, Nigel, Gardner, Malcolm, Goble, Arlette, Griffiths-Jones, Sam, Harris, David E., Katzer, Frank, Larke, Natasha, Lord, Angela, Maser, Pascal, McKellar, Sue, Mooney, Paul, Morton, Fraser, Nene, Vishvanath, O'Neil, Susan, Price, Claire, Quail, Michael A., Rabbinowitsch, Ester, Rawlings, Neil D., Rutter, Simon, Saunders, David, Seeger, Kathy, Shah, Trushar, Squares, Robert, Squares, Steven, Tivey, Adrian, Walker, Alan R., Woodward, John, Langsley, Gordon, Rajandream, Marie-Adele, McKeever, Declan, Shiels, Brian, Tait, Andrew, Barrell, Bart, and Hall, Neil

Published
2005

7. Extensive DNA Inversions in the B. fragilis Genome Control Variable Gene Expression

Author

Cerdeño-Tárraga, Ana M., Patrick, Sheila, Crossman, Lisa C., Blakely, Garry, Abratt, Val, Lennard, Nicola, Poxton, Ian, Duerden, Brian, Harris, Barbara, Quail, Mike A., Barron, Andrew, Clark, Louise, Corton, Craig, Doggett, Jonathan, Larke, Natasha, Line, Alexandra, Lord, Angela, Norbertczak, Halina, Ormond, Doug, Price, Claire, Rabbinowitsch, Ester, Woodward, John, Barrell, Bart, and Parkhill, Julian

Published
2005

16. Additional file 3: of Low levels of viral suppression among refugees and host nationals accessing antiretroviral therapy in a Kenyan refugee camp

Author

Mendelsohn, Joshua, Spiegel, Paul, Grant, Alison, Sathyanarayanan Doraiswamy, Schilperoord, Marian, Larke, Natasha, Burton, John, Jully Okonji, Zeh, Clement, Bosco Muhindo, Mohammed, Ibrahim, Mukui, Irene, Njogu Patterson, Sondorp, Egbert, and Ross, David

Abstract

Association of adherence measures (action state factors) with viral suppression among refugees and host nationals on ART for â Ľ25 weeks at baseline (Round One) in Kakuma, Kenya (N=128a). (DOC 38 kb)

Published
2019
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17. Additional file 5: of Low levels of viral suppression among refugees and host nationals accessing antiretroviral therapy in a Kenyan refugee camp

Author

Mendelsohn, Joshua, Spiegel, Paul, Grant, Alison, Sathyanarayanan Doraiswamy, Schilperoord, Marian, Larke, Natasha, Burton, John, Jully Okonji, Zeh, Clement, Bosco Muhindo, Mohammed, Ibrahim, Mukui, Irene, Njogu Patterson, Sondorp, Egbert, and Ross, David

Abstract

Socio-demographic comparison of ART clients with and without a follow-up (Round Two) viral load in Kakuma, Kenya. (DOC 37 kb)

Published
2019
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18. Additional file 1: of Low levels of viral suppression among refugees and host nationals accessing antiretroviral therapy in a Kenyan refugee camp

Author

Mendelsohn, Joshua, Spiegel, Paul, Grant, Alison, Sathyanarayanan Doraiswamy, Schilperoord, Marian, Larke, Natasha, Burton, John, Jully Okonji, Zeh, Clement, Bosco Muhindo, Mohammed, Ibrahim, Mukui, Irene, Njogu Patterson, Sondorp, Egbert, and Ross, David

Subjects
fungi
Abstract

Association of contextual factors with suppressed viral load among refugees and host community on ART for â Ľ25 weeks at baseline in Kakuma, Kenya (N=128a). (DOC 64 kb)

Published
2019
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19. Undetectable plasma viral load predicts normal survival in HIV-2-infected people in a West African village

Author

Ricard Dominique, Jaye Assan, Sarge-Njie Ramu, da Silva Zacharias, Leligdowicz Aleksandra, van Tienen Carla, Alabi Abraham, Ariyoshi Koya, Berry Neil, Kaye Steve, Larke Natasha, van der Loeff Maarten, Vincent Tim, Jones Sarah, Aaby Peter, Jaffar Shabbar, and Whittle Hilton

Subjects
Immunologic diseases. Allergy, RC581-607
Abstract

Abstract Background There have been no previous studies of the long-term survival and temporal changes in plasma viral load among HIV-2 infected subjects. Methods 133 HIV-2 infected and 158 HIV-uninfected subjects from a rural area in North-west Guinea-Bissau, West Africa were enrolled into a prospective cohort study in 1991 and followed-up to mid-2009. Data were collected on four occasions during that period on HIV antibodies, CD4% and HIV-2 plasma viral load. Results Median age (interquartile range [IQR]) of HIV-2 infected subjects at time of enrollment was 47 (36, 60) years, similar to that of HIV-uninfected control subjects, 49 (38, 62) (p = 0.4). Median (IQR) plasma viral load and CD4 percentage were 347 (50, 4,300) copies/ml and 29 (22, 35) respectively. Overall loss to follow-up to assess vital status was small, at 6.7% and 6.3% for HIV-2 infected and uninfected subjects respectively. An additional 17 (12.8%) and 16 (10.1%) of HIV-2 infected and uninfected subjects respectively were censored during follow-up due to infection with HIV-1. The mortality rate per 100 person-years (95% CI) was 4.5 (3.6, 5.8) among HIV-2 infected subjects compared to 2.1 (1.6, 2.9) among HIV-uninfected (age-sex adjusted rate ratio 1.9 (1.3, 2.8, p < 0.001) representing a 2-fold excess mortality rate associated with HIV-2 infection. Viral load measurements were available for 98%, 78%, 77% and 61% HIV-2 infected subjects who were alive and had not become super-infected with HIV-1, in 1991, 1996, 2003 and 2006 respectively. Median plasma viral load (RNA copies per ml) (IQR) did not change significantly over time, being 150 (50, 1,554; n = 77) in 1996, 203 (50, 2,837; n = 47) in 2003 and 171 (50, 497; n = 31) in 2006. Thirty seven percent of HIV-2 subjects had undetectable viraemia ( Conclusions A substantial proportion of HIV-2 infected subjects in this cohort have stable plasma viral load, and those with an undetectable viral load (37%) at study entry had a normal survival rate. However, the sequential laboratory findings need to be interpreted with caution given the number of individuals who could not be re-examined.

Published
2010
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20. Complications of circumcision in male neonates, infants and children: a systematic review

Author

Halperin Daniel, Larke Natasha, Weiss Helen A, and Schenker Inon

Subjects
Diseases of the genitourinary system. Urology, RC870-923
Abstract

Abstract Background Approximately one in three men are circumcised globally, but there are relatively few data on the safety of the procedure. The aim of this paper is to summarize the literature on frequency of adverse events following pediatric circumcision, with a focus on developing countries. Methods PubMed and other databasess were searched with keywords and MeSH terms including infant/newborn/pediatric/child, circumcision, complications and adverse events. Searches included all available years and were conducted on November 6th 2007 and updated on February 14th 2009. Additional searches of the Arabic literature included searches of relevant databases and University libraries for research theses on male circumcision. Studies were included if they contained data to estimate frequency of adverse events following neonatal, infant and child circumcision. There was no language restriction. A total of 1349 published papers were identified, of which 52 studies from 21 countries met the inclusion criteria. The Arabic literature searches identified 46 potentially relevant papers, of which six were included. Results Sixteen prospective studies evaluated complications following neonatal and infant circumcision. Most studies reported no severe adverse events (SAE), but two studies reported SAE frequency of 2%. The median frequency of any complication was 1.5% (range 0-16%). Child circumcision by medical providers tended to be associated with more complications (median frequency 6%; range 2-14%) than for neonates and infants. Traditional circumcision as a rite of passage is associated with substantially greater risks, more severe complications than medical circumcision or traditional circumcision among neonates. Conclusions Studies report few severe complications following circumcision. However, mild or moderate complications are seen, especially when circumcision is undertaken at older ages, by inexperienced providers or in non-sterile conditions. Pediatric circumcision will continue to be practiced for cultural, medical and as a long-term HIV/STI prevention strategy. Risk-reduction strategies including improved training of providers, and provision of appropriate sterile equipment, are urgently needed.

Published
2010
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21. In vivo confocal microscopy appearance of Fusarium and Aspergillus species in fungal keratitis

Author

Chidambaram, Jaya Devi, Prajna, Namperumalsamy Venkatesh, Larke, Natasha, Macleod, David, Srikanthi, Palepu, Lanjewar, Shruti, Shah, Manisha, Lalitha, Prajna, Elakkiya, Shanmugam, and Burton, Matthew J

Subjects
Adult, Keratitis, Male, Microscopy, Confocal, Clinical Science, Middle Aged, Microbiology, Imaging, Cornea, Young Adult, Aspergillus, Fusarium, Aspergillosis, Humans, Female, Diagnostic tests/Investigation, Infection, Corneal Ulcer, Eye Infections, Fungal, Aged
Abstract

BACKGROUND: Clinical outcomes in fungal keratitis vary between Fusarium and Aspergillus spp, therefore distinguishing between species using morphological features such as filament branching angles, sporulation along filaments (adventitious sporulation) or dichotomous branching may be useful. In this study, we assessed these three features within Heidelberg Retina Tomograph 3 in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM) images from culture-positive Fusarium and Aspergillus spp keratitis participants. METHODS: Prospective observational cohort study in Aravind Eye Hospital (February 2011-February 2012). Eligibility criteria: age ≥18 years, stromal infiltrate ≥3 mm diameter, Fusarium or Aspergillus spp culture-positive. EXCLUSION CRITERIA: previous/current herpetic keratitis, visual acuity 80% corneal thinning. IVCM was performed and images analysed for branch angle, presence/absence of adventitious sporulation or dichotomous branching by a grader masked to the microbiological diagnosis. RESULTS: 98 participants were included (106 eligible, 8 excluded as no measurable branch angles); 68 were positive for Fusarium spp, 30 for Aspergillus spp. Mean branch angle for Fusarium spp was 59.7° (95% CI 57.7° to 61.8°), and for Aspergillus spp was 63.3° (95% CI 60.8° to 65.8°), p=0.07. No adventitious sporulation was detected in Fusarium spp ulcers. Dichotomous branching was detected in 11 ulcers (7 Aspergillus spp, 4 Fusarium spp). CONCLUSIONS: There was very little difference in the branching angle of Fusarium and Aspergillus spp. Adventitious sporulation was not detected and dichotomous branching was infrequently seen. Although IVCM remains a valuable tool to detect fungal filaments in fungal keratitis, it cannot be used to distinguish Fusarium from Aspergillus spp and culture remains essential to determine fungal species.

Published
2017

22. Cost and Cost-Effectiveness of a Demand Creation Intervention to Increase Uptake of Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision in Tanzania: Spending More to Spend Less

Author

Torres-Rueda, Sergio, primary, Wambura, Mwita, additional, Weiss, Helen A., additional, Plotkin, Marya, additional, Kripke, Katharine, additional, Chilongani, Joseph, additional, Mahler, Hally, additional, Kuringe, Evodius, additional, Makokha, Maende, additional, Hellar, Augustino, additional, Schutte, Carl, additional, Kazaura, Kokuhumbya J., additional, Simbeye, Daimon, additional, Mshana, Gerry, additional, Larke, Natasha, additional, Lija, Gissenge, additional, Changalucha, John, additional, Vassall, Anna, additional, Hayes, Richard, additional, Grund, Jonathan M., additional, and Terris-Prestholt, Fern, additional

Published
2018
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23. Causes of acute hospitalization in adolescence: burden and spectrum of HIV-related morbidity in a country with an early-onset and severe HIV epidemic: a prospective survey

Author

Ferrand, Rashida A., Bandason, Tsitsi, Musvaire, Praise, Larke, Natasha, Nathoo, Kusum, Mujuru, Hilda, Ndhlovu, Chiratidzo E., Munyati, Shungu, Cowan, Frances M., Gibb, Diana M., and Corbett, Elizabeth L.

Subjects
Market trend/market analysis, Adolescent medicine -- Research -- Health aspects -- Forecasts and trends, Morbidity -- Forecasts and trends -- Research -- Diagnosis, HIV seroprevalence -- Research -- Diagnosis, HIV infection -- Diagnosis -- Demographic aspects -- Research, Harare, Zimbabwe -- Health aspects
Abstract

Background: Survival to older childhood with untreated, vertically acquired HIV infection, which was previously considered extremely unusual, is increasingly well described. However, the overall impact on adolescent health in settings with high HIV seroprevalence has not previously been investigated. Methods and Findings: Adolescents (aged 10-18 y) systematically recruited from acute admissions to the two public hospitals in Harare, Zimbabwe, answered a questionnaire and underwent standard investigations including HIV testing, with consent. Pre-set case-definitions defined cause of admission and underlying chronic conditions. Participation was 94%. 139 (46%) of 301 participants were HIV-positive (median age of diagnosis 12 y: interquartile range [IQR] 11-14 y), median CD4 count = 151;IQR 57-328 cells/µl), but only four (1.3%) were herpes simplex virus-2 (HSV-2) positive. Age (median 13 y: IQR 11-16 y) and sex (57% male) did not differ by HIV status, but HIV-infected participants were significantly more likely to be stunted (z-score < -2: 52% versus 23%, p Conclusion: HIV is the commonest cause of adolescent hospitalisation in Harare, mainly due to adult-spectrum opportunistic infections plus a high burden of chronic complications of paediatric HIV/AIDS. Low HSV-2 prevalence and high maternal orphanhood rates provide further evidence of long-term survival following mother-to-child transmission. Better recognition of this growing phenomenon is needed to promote earlier HIV diagnosis and care. Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary., Introduction In industrialised countries trauma and behavioural disorders, such as substance abuse, obesity, and sexually transmitted infections account for most adolescent morbidity [1]. Chronic diseases, trauma, oncology, and mental disorders [...]

Published
2010
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24. Low levels of viral suppression among refugees and host nationals accessing antiretroviral therapy in a Kenyan refugee camp

Author

Mendelsohn, Joshua B., primary, Spiegel, Paul, additional, Grant, Alison, additional, Doraiswamy, Sathyanarayanan, additional, Schilperoord, Marian, additional, Larke, Natasha, additional, Burton, John Wagacha, additional, Okonji, Jully A., additional, Zeh, Clement, additional, Muhindo, Bosco, additional, Mohammed, Ibrahim M., additional, Mukui, Irene N., additional, Patterson, Njogu, additional, Sondorp, Egbert, additional, and Ross, David A., additional

Published
2017
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26. Prospective Study of the Diagnostic Accuracy of the In Vivo Laser Scanning Confocal Microscope for Severe Microbial Keratitis

Author

Chidambaram, Jaya D., primary, Prajna, Namperumalsamy V., additional, Larke, Natasha L., additional, Palepu, Srikanthi, additional, Lanjewar, Shruti, additional, Shah, Manisha, additional, Elakkiya, Shanmugam, additional, Lalitha, Prajna, additional, Carnt, Nicole, additional, Vesaluoma, Minna H., additional, Mason, Melanie, additional, Hau, Scott, additional, and Burton, Matthew J., additional

Published
2016
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27. Safety, Acceptability, and Feasibility of Early Infant Male Circumcision Conducted by Nurse-Midwives Using the AccuCirc Device: Results of a Field Study in Zimbabwe

Author

Mavhu, Webster, primary, Larke, Natasha, additional, Hatzold, Karin, additional, Ncube, Getrude, additional, Weiss, Helen A, additional, Mangenah, Collin, additional, Chonzi, Prosper, additional, Mugurungi, Owen, additional, Mufuka, Juliet, additional, Samkange, Christopher A, additional, Gwinji, Gerald, additional, Cowan, Frances M, additional, and Ticklay, Ismail, additional

Published
2016
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29. Implementation and Operational Research

Author

Mavhu, Webster, primary, Larke, Natasha, additional, Hatzold, Karin, additional, Ncube, Getrude, additional, Weiss, Helen A., additional, Mangenah, Collin, additional, Mugurungi, Owen, additional, Mufuka, Juliet, additional, Samkange, Christopher A., additional, Sherman, Judith, additional, Gwinji, Gerald, additional, Cowan, Frances M., additional, and Ticklay, Ismail, additional

Published
2015
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31. Is Forced Migration a Barrier to Treatment Success? Similar HIV Treatment Outcomes Among Refugees and a Surrounding Host Community in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Author

Mendelsohn, Joshua B., primary, Schilperoord, Marian, additional, Spiegel, Paul, additional, Balasundaram, Susheela, additional, Radhakrishnan, Anuradha, additional, Lee, Christopher K. C., additional, Larke, Natasha, additional, Grant, Alison D., additional, Sondorp, Egbert, additional, and Ross, David A., additional

Published
2013
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33. In vivo confocal microscopy appearance of Fusariumand Aspergillusspecies in fungal keratitis

Author

Chidambaram, Jaya Devi, Prajna, Namperumalsamy Venkatesh, Larke, Natasha, Macleod, David, Srikanthi, Palepu, Lanjewar, Shruti, Shah, Manisha, Lalitha, Prajna, Elakkiya, Shanmugam, and Burton, Matthew J

Abstract

BackgroundClinical outcomes in fungal keratitis vary between Fusariumand Aspergillusspp, therefore distinguishing between species using morphological features such as filament branching angles, sporulation along filaments (adventitious sporulation) or dichotomous branching may be useful. In this study, we assessed these three features within Heidelberg Retina Tomograph 3 in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM) images from culture-positive Fusariumand Aspergillusspp keratitis participants.MethodsProspective observational cohort study in Aravind Eye Hospital (February 2011–February 2012). Eligibility criteria: age ≥18 years, stromal infiltrate ≥3 mm diameter, Fusariumor Aspergillusspp culture-positive. Exclusion criteria: previous/current herpetic keratitis, visual acuity <6/60 in fellow eye, >80% corneal thinning. IVCM was performed and images analysed for branch angle, presence/absence of adventitious sporulation or dichotomous branching by a grader masked to the microbiological diagnosis.Results98 participants were included (106 eligible, 8 excluded as no measurable branch angles); 68 were positive for Fusariumspp, 30 for Aspergillusspp. Mean branch angle for Fusariumspp was 59.7° (95% CI 57.7° to 61.8°), and for Aspergillusspp was 63.3° (95% CI 60.8° to 65.8°), p=0.07. No adventitious sporulation was detected in Fusariumspp ulcers. Dichotomous branching was detected in 11 ulcers (7 Aspergillusspp, 4 Fusariumspp).ConclusionsThere was very little difference in the branching angle of Fusariumand Aspergillusspp. Adventitious sporulation was not detected and dichotomous branching was infrequently seen. Although IVCM remains a valuable tool to detect fungal filaments in fungal keratitis, it cannot be used to distinguish Fusariumfrom Aspergillusspp and culture remains essential to determine fungal species.

Published
2017
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37. Undetectable plasma viral load predicts normal survival in HIV-2-infected people in a West African village

Author

van der Loeff, Maarten F Schim, primary, Larke, Natasha, additional, Kaye, Steve, additional, Berry, Neil, additional, Ariyoshi, Koya, additional, Alabi, Abraham, additional, van Tienen, Carla, additional, Leligdowicz, Aleksandra, additional, Sarge-Njie, Ramu, additional, da Silva, Zacharias, additional, Jaye, Assan, additional, Ricard, Dominique, additional, Vincent, Tim, additional, Jones, Sarah Rowland, additional, Aaby, Peter, additional, Jaffar, Shabbar, additional, and Whittle, Hilton, additional

Published
2010
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45. Genome sequence of a proteolytic (Group I) Clostridium botulinum strain Hall A and comparative analysis of the clostridial genomes

Author

Sebaihia, Mohammed, primary, Peck, Michael W., additional, Minton, Nigel P., additional, Thomson, Nicholas R., additional, Holden, Matthew T.G., additional, Mitchell, Wilfrid J., additional, Carter, Andrew T., additional, Bentley, Stephen D., additional, Mason, David R., additional, Crossman, Lisa, additional, Paul, Catherine J., additional, Ivens, Alasdair, additional, Wells-Bennik, Marjon H.J., additional, Davis, Ian J., additional, Cerdeño-Tárraga, Ana M., additional, Churcher, Carol, additional, Quail, Michael A., additional, Chillingworth, Tracey, additional, Feltwell, Theresa, additional, Fraser, Audrey, additional, Goodhead, Ian, additional, Hance, Zahra, additional, Jagels, Kay, additional, Larke, Natasha, additional, Maddison, Mark, additional, Moule, Sharon, additional, Mungall, Karen, additional, Norbertczak, Halina, additional, Rabbinowitsch, Ester, additional, Sanders, Mandy, additional, Simmonds, Mark, additional, White, Brian, additional, Whithead, Sally, additional, and Parkhill, Julian, additional

Published
2007
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49. The Genome of the Kinetoplastid Parasite,Leishmania major

Author

Ivens, Alasdair C., primary, Peacock, Christopher S., additional, Worthey, Elizabeth A., additional, Murphy, Lee, additional, Aggarwal, Gautam, additional, Berriman, Matthew, additional, Sisk, Ellen, additional, Rajandream, Marie-Adele, additional, Adlem, Ellen, additional, Aert, Rita, additional, Anupama, Atashi, additional, Apostolou, Zina, additional, Attipoe, Philip, additional, Bason, Nathalie, additional, Bauser, Christopher, additional, Beck, Alfred, additional, Beverley, Stephen M., additional, Bianchettin, Gabriella, additional, Borzym, Katja, additional, Bothe, Gordana, additional, Bruschi, Carlo V., additional, Collins, Matt, additional, Cadag, Eithon, additional, Ciarloni, Laura, additional, Clayton, Christine, additional, Coulson, Richard M. R., additional, Cronin, Ann, additional, Cruz, Angela K., additional, Davies, Robert M., additional, De Gaudenzi, Javier, additional, Dobson, Deborah E., additional, Duesterhoeft, Andreas, additional, Fazelina, Gholam, additional, Fosker, Nigel, additional, Frasch, Alberto Carlos, additional, Fraser, Audrey, additional, Fuchs, Monika, additional, Gabel, Claudia, additional, Goble, Arlette, additional, Goffeau, André, additional, Harris, David, additional, Hertz-Fowler, Christiane, additional, Hilbert, Helmut, additional, Horn, David, additional, Huang, Yiting, additional, Klages, Sven, additional, Knights, Andrew, additional, Kube, Michael, additional, Larke, Natasha, additional, Litvin, Lyudmila, additional, Lord, Angela, additional, Louie, Tin, additional, Marra, Marco, additional, Masuy, David, additional, Matthews, Keith, additional, Michaeli, Shulamit, additional, Mottram, Jeremy C., additional, Müller-Auer, Silke, additional, Munden, Heather, additional, Nelson, Siri, additional, Norbertczak, Halina, additional, Oliver, Karen, additional, O'Neil, Susan, additional, Pentony, Martin, additional, Pohl, Thomas M., additional, Price, Claire, additional, Purnelle, Bénédicte, additional, Quail, Michael A., additional, Rabbinowitsch, Ester, additional, Reinhardt, Richard, additional, Rieger, Michael, additional, Rinta, Joel, additional, Robben, Johan, additional, Robertson, Laura, additional, Ruiz, Jeronimo C., additional, Rutter, Simon, additional, Saunders, David, additional, Schäfer, Melanie, additional, Schein, Jacquie, additional, Schwartz, David C., additional, Seeger, Kathy, additional, Seyler, Amber, additional, Sharp, Sarah, additional, Shin, Heesun, additional, Sivam, Dhileep, additional, Squares, Rob, additional, Squares, Steve, additional, Tosato, Valentina, additional, Vogt, Christy, additional, Volckaert, Guido, additional, Wambutt, Rolf, additional, Warren, Tim, additional, Wedler, Holger, additional, Woodward, John, additional, Zhou, Shiguo, additional, Zimmermann, Wolfgang, additional, Smith, Deborah F., additional, Blackwell, Jenefer M., additional, Stuart, Kenneth D., additional, Barrell, Bart, additional, and Myler, Peter J., additional

Published
2005
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50. Insight into the genome of Aspergillus fumigatus: analysis of a 922kb region encompassing the nitrate assimilation gene cluster

Author

Pain, Arnab, primary, Woodward, John, additional, Quail, Michael A, additional, Anderson, Michael J, additional, Clark, Richard, additional, Collins, Matthew, additional, Fosker, Nigel, additional, Fraser, Audrey, additional, Harris, David, additional, Larke, Natasha, additional, Murphy, Lee, additional, Humphray, Sean, additional, O’Neil, Susan, additional, Pertea, Mihaela, additional, Price, Claire, additional, Rabbinowitsch, Ester, additional, Rajandream, Marie-Adele, additional, Salzberg, Steven, additional, Saunders, David, additional, Seeger, Kathy, additional, Sharp, Sarah, additional, Warren, Tim, additional, Denning, David W, additional, Barrell, Bart, additional, and Hall, Neil, additional

Published
2004
Full Text
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