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Abstract Background The Illumina sequencing systems demonstrate high efficiency and power and remain the most popular platforms. Platforms with similar throughput and quality profiles but lower costs are under intensive development. In this study, we compared two platforms Illumina NextSeq 2000 and GeneMind Genolab M for 10x Genomics Visium spatial transcriptomics. Results The performed comparison demonstrates that GeneMind Genolab M sequencing platform produces highly consistent with Illumina NextSeq 2000 sequencing results. Both platforms have similar performance in terms of sequencing quality and detection of UMI, spatial barcode, and probe sequence. Raw read mapping and following read counting produced highly comparable results that is confirmed by quality control metrics and strong correlation between expression profiles in the same tissue spots. Downstream analysis including dimension reduction and clustering demonstrated similar results, and differential gene expression analysis predominantly detected the same genes for both platforms. Conclusions GeneMind Genolab M instrument is similar to Illumina sequencing efficacy and is suitable for 10x Genomics Visium spatial transcriptomics.

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a secreted molecule that plays an important role in the survival and growth of nerve cells. BDNF undergoes complex post-translational processing with cellular proteases. Pro- and mature BDNF forms bind to different receptor types in the brain. BDNF is prominent in the neonatal cerebral cortex. The neonatal period is critical for the proper development of the brain and nervous system. Disruptions in these critical periods can have long-lasting effects on behavior and mental health. Individuals who experience adverse effects in the neonatal period have demonstrated a predisposition to depression and other neurobehavioral disorders. In this work we studied the influence of transient expression (P3–P8) elevation of pro-, mature and mutant forms of BDNF that could not be processed with cellular convertases in the neonatal medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) on anxiety and depressive-like behavior in adolescents. Elevated expression of mature BDNF (LV-BDNF) increased anxiety and depressive-like behavior at P30. Only immobility in the tail suspension test was increased after expression of mutant BDNF (LV-pBDNF mut). Using our RNA-seq data and available online sn-RNAseq results, we investigated transcriptomic changes in the neonatal mPFC at P8 that underlie subsequent behavioral changes. Mature BDNF expression caused an increased transcriptional response in perivascular stromal cells (PSC) with such genes: Ptgds, Slc6a13, Slc22a6, Bnc2, Slc13a4, Aldh1a2. Based on GWAS data, Ptgds is a candidate gene associated with ADHD and bipolar disorder Pujol-Gualdo et al. (2021); Marín-Méndez et al. (2012); Munkholm et al. (2015). LV-pBDNF mut caused a complete opposite set of transcriptional changes in the PSC compared to LV-BDNF. The observed similar behavioral phenotype after expression of mature and mutant forms of BDNF together with the detected genes related to bipolar disorder underpinned that Bdnf could play a substantial role in the pathogenesis of this neurobehavioral disorder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Russia’s national food security is formed in the new conditions of interstate interaction in the markets of agro-industrial complex products. Historically, the country is the largest exporter of grain, the production of which forms the basis of the Russian agro-industrial complex. Grain production volumes are a new factor in modeling the country’s food security and independence in the world agricultural markets. Growing volumes of grain exports from Russia ensure the profit of the industry’s enterprises and sustainability of territorial development of the regions. The country is provided with basic foodstuffs of both plant and animal origin by 85-90%. At the same time there is still a problem of uneven distribution of production on the territory itself, there is still a problem with the shortage of processing and storage facilities, qualified specialists for work in rural areas. The emerging difficulties in logistics, supplies, market closures in 2022 were successfully overcome and new routes for the export of Russian food raw materials were formed.

Forecast scenarios of scientific and technological development of the national economy are adaptively written off in the paradigm of technological patterns and progressive development of industries. The AIC becomes one of the supporting industries actively generating and implementing the production process of new biotechnological production solutions in the trend of green development. The tendencies of future forecast of biotechnologies application and growth of demand for products with new qualitative characteristics are considered. The conclusions are drawn about the growth of activity with regard to the search and development of fundamentally new approaches to the production and processing of AIC products.

Modern economic models based on constant production of goods and products based on primary resources have led to the problem of accumulation of unnecessary fractions, waste, and reduction of natural resources. The environment is under anthropogenic pressure and is subject to biodiversity decline due to anthropogenic processes. The time has come for a paradigm shift in the worldview of man's place in the environment and his attitude to its use. The accumulated stocks of production and consumption waste should be rationally applied as secondary resources in other industries. To this end, the paper presents new technological solutions within the concept of cyclic economy for the processing of waste from the AIC sphere.

Ovarian cancer (OC) is the most lethal gynecologic malignancy worldwide. The major clinical challenge includes the asymptomatic state of the disease, making diagnosis possible only at advanced stages. Another OC complication is the high relapse rate and poor prognosis following the standard first-line treatment with platinum-based chemotherapy. At present, numerous clinical trials are being conducted focusing on immunotherapy in OC; nevertheless, there are still no FDA-approved indications. Personalized decision regarding the immunotherapy, including immune checkpoint blockade and immune cell-based immunotherapies, can depend on the effective antigen presentation required for the cytotoxic immune response. The major aim of our study was to uncover tumor-specific transcriptional and epigenetic changes in peripheral blood monocytes in patients with high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC). Another key point was to elucidate how chemotherapy can reprogram monocytes and how that relates to changes in other immune subpopulations in the blood. To this end, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients with HGSOC who underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapeutic treatment (NACT) and in treatment-naïve patients. Monocyte cluster was significantly affected by tumor-derived factors as well as by chemotherapeutic treatment. Bioinformatical analysis revealed three distinct monocyte subpopulations within PBMCs based on feature gene expression - CD14.Mn.S100A8.9hi, CD14.Mn.MHC2hi and CD16.Mn subsets. The intriguing result was that NACT induced antigen presentation in monocytes by the transcriptional upregulation of MHC class II molecules, but not by epigenetic changes. Increased MHC class II gene expression was a feature observed across all three monocyte subpopulations after chemotherapy. Our data also demonstrated that chemotherapy inhibited interferon-dependent signaling pathways, but activated some TGFb-related genes. Our results can enable personalized decision regarding the necessity to systemically re-educate immune cells to prime ovarian cancer to respond to anti-cancer therapy or to improve personalized prescription of existing immunotherapy in either combination with chemotherapy or a monotherapy regimen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organic agriculture is a dynamically developing area of the global agro-industrial complex. Global climate problems and the depletion of natural resources across the planet dictate the need to review the food production technologies used. Excessive intensification of agricultural production through soil mineralization and fertilization, hormonal stimulation of animal and plant growth has led to the deterioration of water, soil, air quality and overall health. Therefore, the problem of reducing the anthropogenic impact on the environment is the main trend of implementing the principles of organic production. The paper developed recommendations for the strategic development of the Russian market of organic production within the framework of the current EAEU agreement. Conclusions were made on the expansion of instruments of state incentives for the development of organic agricultural production in a changing world economic relations and integration.