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Abstract Cobalt is an efficient catalyst for Fischer−Tropsch synthesis (FTS) of hydrocarbons from syngas (CO + H2) with enhanced selectivity for long-chain hydrocarbons when promoted by Manganese. However, the molecular scale origin of the enhancement remains unclear. Here we present an experimental and theoretical study using model catalysts consisting of crystalline CoMnOx nanoparticles and thin films, where Co and Mn are mixed at the sub-nm scale. Employing TEM and in-situ X-ray spectroscopies (XRD, APXPS, and XAS), we determine the catalyst’s atomic structure, chemical state, reactive species, and their evolution under FTS conditions. We show the concentration of CHx, the key intermediates, increases rapidly on CoMnOx, while no increase occurs without Mn. DFT simulations reveal that basic O sites in CoMnOx bind hydrogen atoms resulting from H2 dissociation on Co0 sites, making them less available to react with CHx intermediates, thus hindering chain termination reactions, which promotes the formation of long-chain hydrocarbons.

Abstract Background In 2017 the Swedish public insurance company Löf published national guidelines for in-hospital trauma team activation (TTA), which are now widely adopted in Sweden. No studies have examined triage accuracy at non-trauma-center hospitals in the Stockholm trauma system since the implementation of the new TTA criteria. Aim To assess trauma triage accuracy at one non-trauma-center hospital in Stockholm. Methods 3528 trauma patients treated at Södersjukhuset during 2019–2022 were acquired from the Swedish Trauma Registry (SweTrau) to calculate TTA triage accuracy. Undertriage was defined in accordance with national guidelines as patients with a New Injury Severity Score > 15 who did not prompt level 1 TTA on arrival to hospital. Results In total there were 849 severely injured patients during the study period, of which 2.2% (n = 19) prompted TTA level 1, corresponding to an undertriage of 98% (n = 830). Of the 849 severely injured patients, 41% (n = 348) prompted TTA level 2 whereas the remaining 57% (n = 482) prompted no TTA on arrival to hospital. There were a total of 3046 patients prompting TTA during the study period, but only 19% (n = 19) of level 1 and 12% (n = 348) of level 2 patients were severely injured, and 45% had a NISS ≤ 3. Conclusion Undertriage of severely injured trauma patients was 98% according to the definition specified by Swedish trauma triage guidelines, higher than reasonably acceptable. There is considerable overtriage with non-severely injured patients prompting TTA. However, the suitability of using NISS > 15 to retrospectively define the need for TTA is debatable as this does not always correlate with the fulfillment of the TTA criteria. Further investigation of adherence to trauma triage guidelines in clinical practice may be of value to improve triage accuracy in organized regional trauma systems.

Digital transformation allows you to achieve a competitive advantage in the market while reducing costs and expenses, but at the same time improving quality, which is a cornerstone aspect in the biotechnology industry. The pharmaceutical market is steadily growing, this is especially evident after the COVID-19 pandemic, which contributed to the emergence of a large number of drugs produced using digital twins. Doppelgangers are beginning to play an increasingly important role in biotechnological production, which has a positive effect on increasing company revenue, reducing costs, and improving production safety. The purpose of this study is to analyze the current state of the biotechnology market, assess the prospects for the introduction of digital twins into production cycles, as well as identify key areas and trends in the biotechnology industry. The article examines the cases of already successfully functioning digital counterparts, provides an analysis of the current state of the market and a forecast for its growth in the coming years. Special attention is paid to the new Pharma 4.0 concept and the effects that are designed to completely transform the industry with the help of digital technologies, the locomotive of which is the digital twin. During the research, the authors relied on the scientific works of domestic and foreign scientists from Germany, China, the Netherlands, the Russian Federation, the USA, and South Korea. The information base was compiled by reports from big pharma companies, vendors of digital twin solutions, consulting companies: McKinsey, PwC, Pfizer, Merck, GlaxoSmithKline, Siemens, Aveva, Philips, AstraZeneca, statistical data Market.US , Yahoo.Finance, ISPE.

This paper presents a bibliometric analysis examining investment patterns in diverse economies and their relationship with global financial transformations. The study spans from 1964 to 2024, utilising data from the Web of Science (WoS) and analysed with R Studio and CiteSpace to identify trends and shifts in academic focus on investment strategies. A dataset of 1595 articles from 554 sources was processed, revealing key trends and shifts in investment patterns across different regions. The research highlights a notable rise in academic interest since 2015, with an 8.46% annual growth rate in publications. Methodologically, thematic evolution and network visualisation techniques were used to track collaboration patterns and emerging topics. For instance, 40.94% of the articles involved international co-authorship, emphasising global interest in investment dynamics. The study reveals critical insights into foreign direct investment (FDI) trends, particularly in developing and transitional economies, and how various global financial events influence investment behaviours. The average citation rate of 2.7 per article further underscores the significance of this field. The analysis confirms that investment patterns are crucial to understanding global economic transformations, providing a foundation for policymakers to craft economic strategies aimed at promoting balanced and sustained investment growth.

The study deals with the important question of how educational reforms affect healthcare competitiveness, especially when it comes to medical education. The primary study goal is to investigate the connection between improvements to the educational system and the calibre of medical care. To provide a thorough examination of trends over previous ten years, the study focusses on a dataset of 2,646 articles published between 2013 and 2023, taken from the WoS and Scopus databases. The necessity to record current and pertinent advancements in medical education and healthcare justifies the selection of this time frame. The CiteSpace and Biblioshiny programs were applied to conduct a bibliometric analysis, enabling the identification and visualisation of significant patterns and trends in the literature. The research hypothesis was verified by the analysis, which showed a strong association between educational changes and increases in healthcare quality. According to the report, health literacy, health disparities, and medical education are the most important topics. Improving healthcare competitiveness depends on these areas. Policymakers, educators, and healthcare administrators can benefit from the research findings because they offer evidence-based perspectives that can direct future medical education reforms to enhance healthcare outcomes and system competitiveness. The results also point to potential prospects for future investigation, especially when evaluating the long-term effects of educational reforms on international healthcare systems.

Introduction. The attempt to solve the problem of labour productivity determination is made, the method of increasing it is considered. The representation of labour productivity in the form of a complex system, formed on the basis of the provisions of system engineering in construction, makes it possible to create a decomposition of its components in the form of factors and parameters influencing them.Materials and methods. Labour productivity as a complex construction system with a large number of subsystems forming it is considered. A mathematical model of labour productivity, formed from factors and parameters influencing them, makes it possible to determine the actual value of labour productivity.Results. The actual value of labour productivity is proposed to be compared with the normal value — the value that ensures the required labour productivity in construction, its individual type or even the production structure. The subsystems under study are taken as the main factors, each of them is taken as factors affecting labour productivity. Others can be added to them, for example, unification of design solutions or some other factors. Each of the listed factors is characterized by the parameters creating it. As well as the factors, the parameters creating them represent an open subsystem, the content of which is the subject of research. The result is the construction of a mathematical model of labour productivity.Conclusions. The solution of the direct problem — determination of the actual value of labour productivity based on the value of factors and the parameters influencing them can be carried out for comparison with the normal value of labour productivity and determination of the actual growth of labour productivity. The solution to the inverse problem is to achieve the target labour duration by assigning to the factors and parameters influencing them the values necessary to solve the task.

This article conducts a bibliometric analysis to examine the scholarly discourse on educational resilience in the context of armed conflicts. It has explored how educational systems adapt, persist, and recover in adversity. The Biblioshiny App, the R programme Bibliometrix, the VOSviewer 1.6.16, and the Scopus tools were utilised. The analysis spans publications from 2000 to 2024, focusing on keywords such as “educational resilience”, “education recovery”, “armed conflicts”, “war”, “violence”, and “military conflicts”. The scope of the analysis was restricted to conference proceedings, books, and articles; other kinds of publications were not included. Given the wide range of geographic origins implied by the emphasis on emerging and frontier markets, no language limits were placed. There were no limitations on the research’s scope because the subject is transdisciplinary. 2,797 papers were chosen for analysis from the Scopus database based on these criteria. The study highlights the evolution of research themes, noting significant growth in publication activity post-2014 and topic changing post-2017, with notable contributions from researchers in conflict-affected regions. An analysis of the dynamics of public interest in the topic of educational recovery, conducted with the help of Google Trends, showed that the peak of interest fell in January 2022 (educational rehabilitation after the pandemic). More than 70% of the papers fall into the top three subject areas ‒ Social Sciences, Medicine, and Arts and Humanities ‒ which confirms the interdisciplinary nature of research on educational resilience in crisis situations. Most scientists on this topic are affiliated with the United States, the United Kingdom, India, China, and Australia. The United States and the United Kingdom have the longest histories of collaborative publications. The co-authorship analysis revealed that the most powerful regional cooperation network is formed by Australia, China, Hong Kong, India, Japan, New Zealand, the Philippines, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan, Thailand, and Vietnam. The clustering of studies by keywords showed that the most powerful is a cluster of studies devoted to the impact of conflict on educational systems, resilience and recovery strategies, and political implications for education in emergencies.

The article uses R Studio Bibliometrix, VOSviewer, and Connected Papers to structure the scientific work of scientists on the development of educational systems during socio-economic, political, migration, pandemic, and climate crises in the 2020s. The research is based on more than 970 publications (articles, conference abstracts, monographs, and their sections) indexed by Scopus in 2020–2024, selected by keywords: "educational crisis," "education policy response," "education disruption," and "learning loss." The publication activity grew at an annual rate of 16.45%, peaking in 2023, while the peak of public interest (determined by Google Trends) was in 2022. The study consists of seven parts: the first examines shifts and patterns in the fields of educational crisis; the second analyzes influential publications; the third identifies key research institutions; the fourth explores various counties; the fifth highlights prominent researchers in these fields; the sixth delves into key areas of study; and the seventh uncovers core themes and insights in the research. The study identifies a number of important areas of concentration for the study of educational crises from a thematic perspective. These include education disruption and learning loss, and the broader impact of these issues on inclusive growth and sustainable development. Among all the crises that took place in the world in 2020–2024, COVID-19 and the full-scale war in Ukraine had the greatest impact on the transformation of education systems. China and the United States dominate the world in terms of publication activity and citation of articles by scientists from these countries (their point of view actually determines the emphasis with which the scientific world speaks about challenges in education), while scientists from Australia, India, and the United Kingdom have significantly increased their research activity in this area over the study period. The findings of this study are aimed at understanding the causes and consequences of educational crises and formulating recovery plans to mitigate global risks.

Smartphones are mobile technology cutting-edge. Daily, the amount of time spent on a phone increases. Excessive smartphone use and addiction have developed into big social issues. Addiction to smartphones is a negative and pathological concept that is assessed by a set of subjective and behavioral symptoms including fixation, loss of control, and withdrawal symptoms. Teachers in STEM fields have a higher degree of involvement with their students in the use of digital tools. STEM teacher candidates must demonstrate an understanding of how to incorporate technology successfully into classroom activities. Determine the incidence of smartphone addiction among prospective STEM educators to justify future awareness training. The association between pre-service STEM instructors' smartphone addiction was studied. The research included 242 persons, 180 of whom were females and 62 males. The SAI is self-administered and scored independently for each dimension. Data is analyzed using machine learning techniques. Cluster analysis is used to analyze the inventory's dimensions. The k-means technique is used for cluster analysis. The library's SHAP (SHapley additive explanations) approach was used to evaluate the classification result and assess the impact of attributes on the classification result. According to the findings, the highest level was judged to be 30 participants. Approximately 3%4 participants are deemed moderate (high and very high). Also, 48 people are at a low level. In terms of the overall group, it is modest. Being in the lowest cluster is linked to 100+ uses, whereas being in the highest cluster is linked to 6-10 uses. The exact degree of smartphone use linked to smartphone addiction is unknown. Females inversely correlate with the highest and lowest clusters.

The magnetic properties of the quasi-two-dimensional van der Waals magnet Fe5-δGeTe2 (F5GT), which has a high ferromagnetic ordering temperature TC∼315 K, remain to be better understood. It has been demonstrated that the magnetization of F5GT is sensitive to both the Fe deficiency δ and the thermal-cycling history. Here, we investigate the structural and magnetic properties of F5GT single crystals with a minimal Fe deficiency (|δ|≤0.1), utilizing combined x-ray and neutron scattering techniques. Our study reveals that the quenched F5GT single crystals experience an irreversible, first-order transition at TS∼110 K upon first cooling, where the stacking order partly or entirely converts from ABC-stacking order to AA-stacking order. Importantly, the magnetic properties, including the magnetic moment direction and the enhanced TC after the thermal cycling, are intimately related to the alteration of the stacking order. Our work highlights the significant influence of the lattice symmetry to the magnetism in F5GT.

Abstract Background Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an aggressive disease without meaningful therapeutic options beyond the first salvage therapy. Targeting PDAC metabolism through amino acid restriction has emerged as a promising new strategy, with asparaginases, enzymes that deplete plasma glutamine and asparagine, reaching clinical trials. In this study, we investigated the anti-PDAC activity of the asparaginase formulation Pegcrisantaspase (PegC) alone and in combination with standard-of-care chemotherapeutics. Methods Using mouse and human PDAC cell lines, we assessed the impact of PegC on cell proliferation, cell death, and cell cycle progression. We further characterized the in vitro effect of PegC on protein synthesis as well as the generation of reactive oxygen species and levels of glutathione, a major cellular antioxidant. Additional cell line studies examined the effect of the combination of PegC with standard-of-care chemotherapeutics. In vivo, the tolerability and efficacy of PegC, as well as the impact on plasma amino acid levels, was assessed using the C57BL/6-derived KPC syngeneic mouse model. Results Here we report that PegC demonstrated potent anti-proliferative activity in a panel of human and murine PDAC cell lines. This decrease in proliferation was accompanied by inhibited protein synthesis and decreased levels of glutathione. In vivo, PegC was tolerable and effectively reduced plasma levels of glutamine and asparagine, leading to a statistically significant inhibition of tumor growth in a syngeneic mouse model of PDAC. There was no observable in vitro or in vivo benefit to combining PegC with standard-of-care chemotherapeutics, including oxaliplatin, irinotecan, 5-fluorouracil, paclitaxel, and gemcitabine. Notably, PegC treatment increased tumor expression of asparagine and serine biosynthetic enzymes. Conclusions Taken together, our results demonstrate the potential therapeutic use of PegC in PDAC and highlight the importance of identifying candidates for combination regimens that could improve cytotoxicity and/or reduce the induction of resistance pathways.

Abstract Introduction Parents of children with a neurodevelopmental disorder (NDD) experience more stress than parents of typically developing children. In a cocreation process with experts and parents, a low-threshold application that uses exercises based on the principles of positive psychology and mindfulness was developed. This application, called “Adappt,” aims at enhancing the ability to adapt of the parents and caregivers of children with NDDs and at supporting their mental health. This protocol describes the evaluation study of the effectiveness of Adappt, its core working mechanisms and user experiences. Method A pragmatic international multicenter randomized controlled trial will compare the effectiveness of Adappt with a (delayed) waitlist control condition. At least 212 parents or primary caregivers of children younger than 18 years diagnosed with or suspected of a NDD will be randomly assigned to the intervention or waitlist control condition. Participants are excluded if they have severe anxiety or depression levels or are in treatment for mental health issues. Measures will be collected online at baseline, post-intervention (1 month after baseline), and 4 and 7 months after baseline. The primary outcome is the improvement in generic sense of ability to adapt as measured with the Generic Sense of Ability to Adapt Scale (GSAAS; (Front Psychol 14:985408, 2023)) at 4-month follow-up. Secondary outcomes are mental well-being, (parental) distress, and client satisfaction with “Adappt.” Discussion Results of this study will contribute to knowledge on the effectiveness of a low-threshold application for parents of children with a NDD in multiple countries. If the application is found to be effective in improving mental health, recommendations will be made for implementation in health care. Trial registration This study is registered on clinicaltrials.gov (NCT06248762) on February 8, 2024, and the Open Science Framework ( https://osf.io/5znqv ).

Abstract The individual results of SARS-CoV-2 serological tests measured after the first pandemic wave of 2020 cannot be directly interpreted as a probability of having been infected. Plus, these results are usually returned as a binary or ternary variable, relying on predefined cut-offs. We propose a Bayesian mixture model to estimate individual infection probabilities, based on 81,797 continuous anti-spike IgG tests from Euroimmun collected in France after the first wave. This approach used serological results as a continuous variable, and was therefore not based on diagnostic cut-offs. Cumulative incidence, which is necessary to compute infection probabilities, was estimated according to age and administrative region. In France, we found that a “negative” or a “positive” test, as classified by the manufacturer, could correspond to a probability of infection as high as 61.8% or as low as 67.7%, respectively. “Indeterminate” tests encompassed probabilities of infection ranging from 10.8 to 96.6%. Our model estimated tailored individual probabilities of SARS-CoV-2 infection based on age, region, and serological result. It can be applied in other contexts, if estimates of cumulative incidence are available.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1240242.].

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on new diagnoses of recurrent fevers and autoinflammatory diseases is largely unknown. The Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance (CARRA) PFAPA/AID Working Group aimed to investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the number of pediatric patients evaluated for recurrent fevers and autoinflammatory diseases in North America. The absolute number of new outpatient visits and the proportion of these visits attributed to recurrent fever diagnoses during the pre-pandemic period (1 March 2019-29 February 2020) and the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic (1 March 2020-28 February 2021) were examined. Data were collected from 27 sites in the United States and Canada. Our results showed an increase in the absolute number of new visits for recurrent fever evaluations in 21 of 27 sites during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to the pre-pandemic period. The increase was observed across different geographic regions in North America. Additionally, the proportion of new visits to these centers for recurrent fever in relation to all new patient evaluations was significantly higher during the first year of the pandemic, increasing from 7.8% before the pandemic to 10.9% during the pandemic year (p

BackgroundGait and balance impairments are among the most troublesome and heterogeneous in Parkinson's disease (PD). This heterogeneity may, in part, reflect genetic variation. The apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene has three major allelic variants (ε2, ε3 and ε4). Previous work has demonstrated that older adult (OA) APOE ε4 carriers demonstrate gait deficits. This study compared gait and balance measures between APOE ε4 carriers and non-carriers in both OA and PD.Methods334 people with PD (81 APOE ε4 carriers and 253 non-carriers) and 144 OA (41 carriers and 103 non-carriers) were recruited. Gait and balance were assessed using body-worn inertial sensors. Two-way analyses of covariance (ANCOVA) compared gait and balance characteristics between APOE ε4 carriers and non-carriers in people with PD and OA, controlling for age, gender, and testing site.ResultsGait and balance were worse in people with PD compared to OA. However, there were no differences between APOE ε4 carriers and non-carriers in either the OA or PD group. In addition, there were no significant group (OA/PD) by APOE ε4 status (carrier/non-carrier) interaction effects for any measures of gait or balance.ConclusionsAlthough we found expected impairments in gait and balance in PD compared to OA, gait and balance characteristics did not differ between APOE ε4 carriers and non-carriers in either group. While APOE status did not impact gait and balance in this cross-sectional study, future work is needed to determine whether progression of gait and balance deficits is faster in PD APOE Ɛ4 carriers.

The italicized text in the following sentence was reversed in the original paper. The corrected sentence is below: “The FRAX, Garvan tool, and QFracture were poorly calibrated; calibration plots revealed that the risk scores overestimated observed hip fracture incidence in the lowest deciles of scores and underestimated observed hip fracture incidence in the highest deciles of scores (Fig. 1).” The authors regret their error. The original article has been corrected.