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This paper examines the disparities in consumption of milk and dairy products by urban and rural families in the region of Laghouat, located in southern Algeria. From December 2019 to March 2020, surveys were conducted among 125 families (94 in urban areas and 31 in rural areas). The results show that the consumption of milk and dairy products occupies an important place in the diet of the inhabitants of Laghouat (97.87% and 100% respectively for urban and rural families). Individual consumption levels expressed in kg milk equivalent/person/year were significantly higher in rural areas (241.89±27.84kg) than in urban areas (147.17±8.20 kg). A wide range of industrial and traditional dairy products was identified (raw milk, pasteurized or sterilized milk, powdered milk, lben or babeurre, rayeb or curdled milk, cheese, yogurt, butter). The consumption of industrial products (pasteurized or sterilized milk, powdered milk, lben, and yoghurt) constitutes 74.88% of the total quantity consumed by urban families. For rural families, 81.56% of the quantity consumed was composed of traditional products (raw milk and lben). The traditional processing of milk and dairy products was significantly more observed in the rural (93.55%) than in the urban community (28.72%). The marketing chain for raw milk seems weak; 54.84% of the farmers surveyed do not sell their milk. The in-depth study of the characterization of consumption would be interesting to revive the milk sector in the region of Laghouat and Algeria

Organic light-emitting transistors are photonic devices combining the function of an electrical switch with the capability of generating light under appropriate bias conditions. Achieving high-performance light-emitting transistors requires high-mobility organic semiconductors, optimized device structures, and highly efficient emissive layers. In this work, we studied the optoelectronic response of green blends (TCTA:Ir(ppy)3) with varying doping concentrations in the limit of field-effect within a transistor device configuration. Increasing the dye concentration within the blend leads to a quenching of the photoluminescence signal; however, when implemented in a multilayer stack in a transistor, we observed an approximately 5-fold improvement in the light output for a 10% Ir(ppy)3 doping blend. We analyzed our results in terms of balanced charge transport in the emissive layer, which, in the limit of field-effect (horizontal component), leads to an improved exciton formation and decay process. While the performances of our devices are yet to achieve the state-of-the-art diode counterpart, this work demonstrates that engineering the emissive layer is a promising approach to enhance the light emission in field-effect devices. This opens the way for a broader exploitation of organic light-emitting transistors as alternative photonic devices in several fields, ranging from display technology to flexible and wearable electronics.

Buildings contribute to the urban heat island (UHI) phenomenon, but also have vast “un-used” surfaces that can be employed to incorporate innovative nature-based solutions (NBS) to mitigate UHI effects. NBS on buildings can be achieved by increasing surface reflectivity (ISR) on flat building envelop and increasing surface greenery/vegetation (ISG) on both vertical and horizontal building envelope components. This paper presents a snapshot of the current understanding of NBS and how they affect building performance, the simulations conducted to evaluate NBS and UHI effects and modeling approaches used, the primary knowledge gaps as well as the future steps needed to reduce the effects of UHI in urban agglomerations across Canada. The road map consists of; I) providing approaches to lessen the UHI influences with respect to the implications of warming/changing climate, urban canopy/landscape characteristics and building design; II) development of the best management practices (BMP) for NBS – UHI for Canadian communities; and III) guideline for the design of NBS–UHI solutions to mitigate UHI in accordance with Canadian design climatic load., COBEE 2022, 5th International Conference on Building Energy and Environment, July 25-29, 2022, Montreal, QC, Canada

Overheating in built environments during climate extreme heat events is a major concern to human health, particularly for people vulnerable to prolonged exposure to heat and humidity. However, currently available methods for assessing the risk of overheating lack robust procedures to evaluate the effects of overheating on the comfort and health of vulnerable occupants residing in the various different dwellings. This paper developed a general methodology to define and characterise overheating events and evaluate the risk to reduced comfort and undesirable health effects of building occupants exposed to extreme heat events. Criteria to declare overheating were developed based on heat-related health outcomes related to limits for body dehydration and core temperature of healthy average-age and older adults. The methodology was then applied to a case study of a residential building with typical local construction practice for cold climates and compared with existing methods for assessing risk from exposure to extreme heat events. The results showed that all the methods predicted that highly insulated and airtight buildings are more prone to overheating than older buildings that are less well insulated and airtight. However, only the proposed methodology described in this paper predicted that natural ventilation through opening windows significantly reduced the overheating risk to below the threshold value. Furthermore, multi criteria methods might be difficult to apply in practice in that it is not guaranteed to violate all the criteria to declare a building space is not overheated. The proposed methodology sets the groundwork for establishing a benchmark model from which different overheating metrics can be compared.

Esta publicación tiene como objetivo informar sobre cómo la pandemia de Covid-19 está afectando a los Pueblos Indígenas y a las comunidades locales (PICL), en particular a aquellos PICL que gobiernan, gestionan y conservan sus tierras y aguas, y como la están gestionando. Esta investigación complementa los resultados preliminares de una encuesta mundial realizada por un grupo de 16 autores de diversos institutos de investigación y organizaciones de la sociedad civil, entre ellos la Universidad de Lausana y el Consorcio de Territorios y Áreas Conservados por Pueblos Indígenas y comunidades locales (abreviado, TICCA) . La publicación presenta los resultados de una investigación cualitativa basada en el análisis de micro narrativas colectadas por medio de cuestionarios en línea mediante el uso del programa informático SenseMaker®. Esta herramienta permite el análisis de múltiples perspectivas de situaciones complejas y posibilita un meta-análisis de datos cualitativos. Este informe presenta y discute cómo la pandemia de Covid-19: 1) refleja la importancia de los conocimientos tradicionales y locales para los PICL, 2) afecta a sus derechos, 3) repercute en su acceso a los recursos naturales que constituyen sus medios de vida, 4) informa sobre sus capacidades de resiliencia, y 5) proporciona lecciones para posibles pandemias futuras.

This publication reports on how the Covid-19 pandemic affected Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities (IPLCs) in 2020-1, particularly those who govern, manage and conserve their lands and waters. This research complements preliminary findings from a global survey conducted by a group of 16 authors from various research institutes and civil society organisations, including the University of Lausanne and the ICCA Consortium. The report presents the results of qualitative research based on the analysis of stories and online questionnaires through the use of SenseMaker® software. This tool allows for the analysis of multiple perspectives of complex situations and enables a meta-analysis of qualitative data. The objective of this report is to identify how the Covid-19 pandemic impacted Indigenous Peoples and local communities and how was being managed at that time. The report 1) reflects the importance of traditional and local knowledge to IPLCs, 2) how COVID-19 affects their rights, 3) how it impacts their access to natural resources that constitute their livelihoods, 4) increases understanding about their resilience, and 5) provides lessons for future pandemics.

Cette publication rend compte de la manière dont la pandémie de la Covid-19 affecte les peuples autochtones et les communautés locales (PACLs), en particulier ceux qui gouvernent, gèrent et conservent leurs terres et leurs eaux. Il s’agit d’une recherche qui vient compléter les résultats préliminaires obtenus lors d’une enquête mondiale réalisée par un groupe de 16 auteurs faisant partie de divers instituts de recherche et organisations de la société civile, notamment l’Université de Lausanne et le Consortium APAC . Le rapport présente les résultats d’une recherche qualitative basée sur l’analyse de récits et de questionnaires en ligne à travers l’utilisation du logiciel SenseMaker®. Cet outil permet d’analyser les perspectives multiples de situations complexes et permet une méta-analyse de données qualitatives. L’objectif de ce rapport est d’identifier comment la pandémie de la Covid-19 impacte les peuples autochtones et les communautés locale et la façon dont elle est gérée : 1) rend compte de l’importance des savoirs traditionnels et locaux pour les PACLs, 2) influe sur leurs droits, 3) impacte leur accès aux ressources naturelles qui constituent leurs moyens de subsistance, 4) informe sur leurs capacités de résilience et 5) permet de tirer des leçons en vue de potentielles pandémies futures.

Organic light-emitting transistors are photonic devices combining the function of an electrical switch with the capability of generating light under appropriate bias conditions. Achieving high-performance light-emitting transistors requires high-mobility organic semiconductors, optimized device structures, and highly efficient emissive layers. In this work, we studied the optoelectronic response of green blends (TCTA:Ir(ppy)

The objective of this work was to compare the hygrothermal responses and the moisture performance of four wood-frame walls as predicted by four hygrothermal (HAM) simulation tools, namely: DELPHIN, WUFI, hygIRC and COMSOL. The four wall systems differ only in their cladding type; these were fibreboard, vinyl, stucco and brick. Three Canadian cities having different climates were selected for simulations: Ottawa, Ontario; Vancouver, British Columbia and Calgary, Alberta. In each city, simulations were run for 2 years. Temperature and relative humidity of the outer layer of OSB sheathing were compared amongst the four simulation tools. The mould growth index on the outer layer of the OSB sheathing was used to compare the moisture performance predicted by the respective hygrothermal simulation tools. Temperature profiles of the outer layer of the OSB sheathing were all in good agreement for the four HAM tools in the three locations. For relative humidity, the highest discrepancies amongst the four tools were found with stucco cladding where differences as high as 20% could be found from time to time. Mould growth indices predicted by the four HAM tools were similar in some cases but different in other cases. The discrepancies amongst the different HAM tools were likely related to: the material property processing, how the quantity of wind-driven rain absorbed at the cladding surface is computed and some implementation details. Despite these discrepancies, The tools generally yielded consistent results and could be used for comparing the impacts of different designs on the risk of premature deterioration, as well as for evaluating the relative effects of climate change on a given wall assembly design.