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Objective. The significance of this article is to talk about aprepitant and olanzapine 5 mg, compare them, and deeply explore the safety or effectiveness during the whole process of multiple-day cisplatin chemotherapy-induced vomiting and nausea. Methods. This trial was randomized and prospective. It is needed to receive cisplatin chemotherapy (25 mg/m2/d) for three days. Its patients would need to choose to use 5 mg olanzapine or aprepitant for this treatment, combined with 5-HT3 receptor antagonist plus dexamethasone. The primary endpoints were the total protection (TP) during the acute phase (AP) (0–24 hours), delayed phase (DP) (25–120 hours), and overall phase (OP) (0–120 h) between the two groups. The secondary endpoints were the complete response (CR) and total control (TC) during the three phases. The first time of the whole process is particularly important and needs to be observed vigorously. However, the time of the patient’s first vomiting symptom is also compared accurately by using the Kaplan–Meier curve. The functional life index vomiting (FLIE) was used to calculate and carefully evaluate the serious impact of nausea and vomiting (CINV) induced by the whole chemotherapy process on the quality of life. About olanzapine, its related symptoms and other side effects and aprepitant were also recorded. Results. (1) The primary endpoint TP rates of the olanzapine and aprepitant groups were similar; for the AP, they were 94.23% (98/104) vs. 95.45% (98/106) P = 0.61 ( P = 0.61 ); for the DP, they were 54.81% (57/104) vs. 54.72% (58/106) ( P = 0.99 ), and for the OP, the values were 53.79% (58/105) and 55.31% (56/104), respectively ( P = 0.99 ). The secondary endpoints, the TC rates, and CR rates were also comparable in the three phases ( P > 0.05 ). (2) After research and display, the results showed that there was no significant difference between the two groups when they were used for the first time of vomiting and the FLIE index ( P > 0.05 ). (3) The main olanzapine-related adverse event was drowsiness, while that of aprepitant was constipation. Conclusion. The efficacy of 5 mg olanzapine was similar to that of aprepitant, and it also showed an advantageous economic potency ratio in preventing CINV induced by multiple-day cisplatin chemotherapy with increased sedation side effects.

Objective A prospective randomized controlled trial was conducted to compare 5 mg olanzapine plus standard triple antiemetic therapy for the prevention of nausea and vomiting induced by multiple-day cisplatin chemotherapy. Methods Patients who received a 3-day cisplatin-based chemotherapy (25 mg/m2/d) were given either 5 mg olanzapine plus triple therapy with aprepitant, tropisetron, and dexamethasone (quadruple group) or 5 mg olanzapine plus tropisetron and dexamethasone, omitting aprepitant (triplet group). The primary endpoint was the complete response (CR) in the overall phase (OP) (0–120 h) between quadruple group and triplet group. The secondary endpoints were the CR in the acute phase (AP) (0–24 h) and delayed phase (DP) (25–120 h) between two groups. The first time of vomiting was also compared by Kaplan–Meier curves. The impact of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) on the quality of life was assessed by the Functional Living Index-Emesis (FLIE). Aprepitant-related adverse effects (AEs) were also recorded. Results (1) The primary endpoint CR during OP was 76.0% (45/59) vs 67.0% (41/61) between the quadruple group and triplet group (P = 0.271). The secondary endpoint CR during the AP was significantly higher in the quadruple group than in the triplet group, which was 100.0% (59/59) vs 93.0% (57/61) (P = 0.045). The difference of CR during delayed phase between the groups was especially higher in the quadruple group compared to the triplet group (76.0% (45/59) vs 67.0% (41/61) (P = 0.271)). The rate of patients who achieved total protection in the overall phase was also higher in the quadruple group than the triplet group (28.8% (17/59) vs 23.0% (14/61) (P = 0.463)). During the OP, the incidence of no vomiting in the quadruple group and the triplet group was 93.2% (55/59) vs 80.3% (49/61) (P = 0.038), respectively. (2) Kaplan–Meier curves of time to first emesis were obviously longer in the quadruple group compared with the triplet group (P = 0.031). According to FLIE, no impact of CINV on daily life was defined as total score of questionnaire > 108; this study exhibited identical life quality between two groups. (3) The most common aprepitant- or olanzapine-related AEs included sedation, fatigue, and constipation. The occurrences between two groups were identical. Conclusion It may been recommended that 5 mg olanzapine plus tropisetron and dexamethasone, omitting aprepitant triplet regimen as an alternative therapy in prevention CINV induced by multiple-day cisplatin chemotherapy due to the excellent CINV control rate and safety.

Determine the association of lean body mass (LBM) on the incidence and severity of peripheral neurotoxicity in cancer patients who received nab-paclitaxel alone or combined with cisplatin or carboplatin. This prospective clinical study examined 32 cancer patients classified into a sarcopenia or non-sarcopenia group according to the Asian L3 vertebra skeletal muscle index (L3-SMI) at Ordos Central Hospital (China) from December 2020-2021, to compare the incidence and severity of neurotoxicity and analizing the relationship between nab-paclitaxel dose per kg LBM and neurotoxicity. There were 18 patients (56.25%) in the sarcopenia group and 14 (43.75%) in the non-sarcopenia group. The incidences of peripheral and severe neurotoxicity were higher in the sarcopenia group (both

Objective To perform a prospective randomized comparison of the efficacy and safety of low-dose 5mg olanzapine（OLZ） in preventing nausea and vomiting induced by carboplatin chemotherapy.Methods All patients with malignant tumors (n=113) who received carboplatin（AUC≥5）chemotherapy were randomly divided into two groups:triplet regimen group (n=56) and standard group (n=57). The patients in the olanzapine group received 5mg olanzapine combined with 5-HT3RA and dexamethasone(DXM) triplet antiemetic regimen, whereas those in the standard group received 5-HT3RA and DXM. The primary end-points of the study were the TC(total contral) during the OP(Overall phase, 0-120h), AP(acute phase, 0-24h) and DP(delayed phase, 25-120h) phase between combined 5mg olanzapine triplet regimen group and standard group. The secondary end-points were the TP (total protection) and CR (complete response) during OP, AP and DP phase between two groups. The first time to vomiting comparion between two groups was depicted by Kaplan-Meier curves. The impact of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) on the quality of life was assessed by the Functional Living Index-Emesis(FLIE). Olanzapine related side-effection was also recorded.Results: (1) The primary end-point TC rate were favorable 5mg olanzapine group than standard group during the OP 62.50% (35/56) vs 31.57% (18/57) P=0.001), AP 87.50% (49/56) vs 63.15% (36/57) P=0.003 and DP 64.28% (36/56) vs 33.33% (19/57) P=0.001 respectively. (2)The secondry end-points TP were 82.14% (46/56) vs 63.15%(36/57)(P=0.024),83.92%(47/56) vs 63.15%(36/57) (P=0.012) during the OP and DP but not get statistical significance during AP between two groups respectively.The CR rate does not get statistical significance between two groups during the three periods respectively, P>0.05;(3) It was observed longer time to first emesis in the olanzapine group than standard group from Kaplan-Meier curves.The no effection on life-quality (score≥108) assessed by FILE was 62.50% vs 43.48% between two groups, PConclusion: The 5mg olanzapine based triplet antiemetic regimen is effective and safety in the prevention carboplatin induced nausea and vomiting especially in the control of the nausea. Name of the registry: ChiCTR2000040566Trial registration number: ChiCTR2000040566Date of registration(retrospectively registered): 2th-12-2020URL of trial registry record:https://www.chictr.org.cn/listbycreater.aspx

Yilan Jin,1,* Gaowa Jin,2,* Jun Zhao,2 Caihong Jiang,2 Lanzhen Zhao,2 Ying Jiang,2 Feng Chen,2 Hui Li,2 Wenjuan Wang,2 Yungaowa Wu,2 Guang Liu,2 Xiaorong Li,2 Min Gu,2 Xiaomei Li,3 Quanfu Li2 1Ordos Clinical College, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Ordos, 017000, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Medical Oncology, Ordos Central Hospital, Ordos, 017000, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Medical Oncology, The General Hospital of the People’s Liberation Army, Beijing, 100853, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Quanfu LiDepartment of Medical Oncology, Ordos Central Hospital, Ordos, 017000, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86 477-8363279Fax +86 477-8363158Email li_qfedu@163.comXiaomei LiDepartment of Medical Oncology, The General Hospital of the People’s Liberation Army, Beijing, 100853, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86 13501308592Email lixoamei@163.comObjective: The present study aims to investigate the correlation between the gene polymorphisms of the multidrug resistance protein 1 (ABCB1), the intron region of transcriptional factor (GTF2E1) and catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT), dopamine receptor (DRD2), and the control of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) by olanzapine or aprepitant in a Chinese population under a fractionated cisplatin dosing pattern.Methods: Antiemetic treatment with 5 mg of olanzapine or aprepitant triplet therapy was conducted in 210 patients with malignancies receiving cisplatin multi-day chemotherapy. The general data on the patients were collected with the evaluation of the rate of complete protection (TP), complete remission (CR), complete control (TC), and time to first vomiting, the functional living index-emesis (FLIE) scale, and side effects in the acute and delayed phases. The DNA mass spectrometry detected the gene polymorphisms of ABCB1, GTF2E1, COMT, and DRD2, and the correlation with TP was analyzed.Results: 1) There were no statistically significant differences in the TP, CR, TC, time of first vomiting, and FLIE index at different phases between the 5mg of olanzapine group and the aprepitant group (P > 0.05). 2) The main side effect in the olanzapine group was drowsiness (P = 0.00), and in the aprepitant group was constipation (P = 0.02). 3) The distributions of each genotype were in the Hardy–Weinberg (H–W) equilibrium. Univariate analysis showed that in the olanzapine group, delayed-phase TP was correlated with the ABCB1 rs1045642 non-TT (P = 0.01) genotype.Conclusion: The present study revealed that females and the rs1045642TT genotype were independent risk factors for delayed-phase CINV in the northern Chinese population, which provided a scientific basis for subsequent CINV-related analysis of high-risk factors in Chinese patients.Keywords: chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, cisplatin, multi-day chemotherapy, gene polymorphism

Introduction With the widespread use of programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) inhibitors, it has been found that while tumor treatment outcomes are improving, at the same time, more and more serious immune-related adverse reactions have also attracted attention. Case report In this study, the case of a patient with synovial sarcoma and lung metastases who developed fatigue, shortness of breath, and high fever following one cycle of treatment with the domestically-made PD-1 inhibitor carrelizumab is discussed. This was considered to be an immune-related myocarditis caused by treatment with the PD-1 inhibitor. Following hormone shock therapy and other symptomatic treatments, the patient made a good recovery. Conclusion Timely and appropriate dosage of glucocorticoids may be used for the treatment of immunerelated myocarditis caused by PD-1 inhibitors.

Objective To assess the safety and efficacy of combined neurokinin-1 antagonist aprepitant treatment for multiple-day anthracycline chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. Methods One hundred patients with breast cancer from department of Medical Oncology of Ordos Central Hospital from June 2015 to February 2018 were selected and randomize subdivided into 2 groups. All cases received anthracycline (30 mg/m2/d for pirarubicin or 45 mg/m2/d for epirubicin) and cyclophosphamide adjuvant chemotherapy, along with either the standard therapy (dexamethasone and tropisetron) or the combined aprepitant therapy (aprepitant plus dexamethasone and tropisetron). The results of the observation between groups were presented by complete response in the overall phase (OP, 0-120 hours), acute phase (AP, 0-24 hours) and delay phase (DP, 25-120 hours). The Kaplan-Meier curves were plotted to exhibit the first time of vomiting, Functional Living Index-Emesis of patients’ quality of life, and therapy-related adverse effects (AEs). Results The complete response of OP, AP, and DP were statistically different between aprepitant group and standard group (80.0% vs 48%, P = 0.001; 92.0% vs 74%, P = 0.017; 80.0% vs 48%, P = 0.001). The aprepitant group held a longer time reaching the first emesis after the relevant treatment than the standard group. The Functional Living Index-Emesis increased significantly in the aprepitant group compared with the standard group (24% vs 8.3%, P = 0.029). Fatigue and constipation were the only AEs of aprepitant, since no significant differences were observed in fatigue between the 2 groups (72% vs 70%, P = 0.826), while the incidence of constipation of aprepitant group was higher than the standard group (48% vs 28%, P = 0.039). Conclusion Combined aprepitant therapy is efficient and safe in the multiple-day anthracycline chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting control and is recommended for the clinical use.

Neovasculogenesis induced by stem cell therapy is an innovative approach to improve critical limb ischemia (CLI) in diabetes. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are ideal candidates due to their angiogenic and immunomodulatory features. The aim of this study is to determine the therapeutic effects of human placenta-derived MSCs (P-MSCs) on diabetic CLI, with or without exogenous insulin administration, and the underlying mechanism of any effect. A series of in vitro experiments were performed to assess the stemness and vasculogenic activity of P-MSCs. P-MSCs were intramuscularly injected at two different doses with and without the administration of insulin. The efficacy of P-MSC transplantation was evaluated by ischemia damage score, ambulatory score, laser Doppler perfusion image (LDPI), capillary, and vascular density. In vivo imaging was applied to track the implanted P-MSCs. In vivo differentiation and in situ secretion of angiogenic cytokines were determined. In vitro experimental outcomes showed the differentiation potential and potent paracrine effect of P-MSCs. P-MSCs survived in vivo for at least 3 weeks and led to the acceleration of ischemia recovery, due to newly formed capillaries, increased arterioles, and secretion of various proangiogenic factors. P-MSCs participate in angiogenesis and vascularization directly through differentiation and cytokine expression.

The present study was aimed to investigate the influence of freeze-drying on the quality of polymerized human placenta hemoglobin (PolyPHb). The PolyPHb solution was freeze-drying under suitable conditions. Hemoglobin concentration, methemoglobin (MetHb) content, UV spectrum, Fe3 content, oxygen-carrying capacity, pH, the average molecular weight and its distribution, circular dichroism, oxygen equilibrium curve and other indicators were measured before and after freeze-drying. The appearance, residual water content, rehydration time of the lyophilized product were also evaluated. The results showed that there was no significant difference on all the indicators measured above, which indicated that freeze-drying process had no effect on the physical and chemical properties of PolyPHb, as well as on its biological activity. Therefore, the properties of PolyPHb were stable during this freeze-drying process and could be preserved after such freeze-drying process.

In this study, lyophilization was applied to polymerized human placenta hemoglobin (PolyPHb) solution. The lyophilization process was carried out with freezing at − 70°C for 5 h and two phases of drying: the first phase of drying was carried out at −35°C–35°C for 16 h and the second phase at 35°C for 8 h. Hemoglobin (Hb) concentration, methemoglobin (MetHb) content, oxygen-carrying capacity, Fe3+ content, pH, UV spectrum, average molecular weight and its distribution, circular dichroism, SDS–PAGE, P50, crystal osmotic pressure, colloid osmotic pressure, zeta potential, average particle size, and other indicators were measured before and after lyophilization. Residual water content and rehydration time of the lyophilized products were also evaluated. All the indicators of lyophilized samples showed that the physical and biochemical properties of PolyPHb are not markedly changed before and after lyophilization. In this light, lyophilization may be a promising method for the preservation of PolyPHb s...

To reduce the mean molecular weight [Formula: see text] and to increase the effective polymerization ratio (REff) of polymerized human placenta hemoglobin (PolyPHb).Three factors of GDA-PolyPHb process such as the approach of feeding GDA (FGDA), hemoglobin concentration ([Hb]) and the molar ratio of GDA, and hemoglobin(RGDA:Hb) were investigated. Finally, the expansion experiments were conducted with optimal conditions.The data showed that the HBOCs with the REff of 67.35% and lower [Formula: see text] of 162.70 kDa were prepared by optimal conditions.Compared to original process, the optimal process greatly decreased the [Formula: see text] and increased the REff.