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3. Fast and high-fidelity state preparation and measurement in triple-quantum-dot spin qubits

Author

Blumoff, Jacob Z., Pan, Andrew S., Keating, Tyler E., Andrews, Reed W., Barnes, David W., Brecht, Teresa L., Croke, Edward T., Euliss, Larken E., Fast, Jacob A., Jackson, Clayton A. C., Jones, Aaron M., Kerckhoff, Joseph, Lanza, Robert K., Raach, Kate, Thomas, Bryan J., Velunta, Roland, Weinstein, Aaron J., Ladd, Thaddeus D., Eng, Kevin, Borselli, Matthew G., Hunter, Andrew T., and Rakher, Matthew T.

Subjects
Quantum Physics
Abstract

We demonstrate rapid, high-fidelity state preparation and measurement in exchange-only Si/SiGe triple-quantum-dot qubits. Fast measurement integration ($980$ ns) and initialization ($\approx 300$ ns) operations are performed with all-electrical, baseband control. We emphasize a leakage-sensitive joint initialization and measurement metric, developed in the context of exchange-only qubits but applicable more broadly, and report an infidelity of $2.5\pm0.5\times 10^{-3}$. This result is enabled by a high-valley-splitting heterostructure, initialization at the 2-to-3 electron charge boundary, and careful assessment and mitigation of $T_1$ during spin-to-charge conversion. The ultimate fidelity is limited by a number of comparably-important factors, and we identify clear paths towards further improved fidelity and speed. Along with an observed single-qubit randomized benchmarking error rate of $1.7\times 10^{-3}$, this work demonstrates initialization, control, and measurement of Si/SiGe triple-dot qubits at fidelities and durations which are promising for scalable quantum information processing.

Published
2021
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4. Parisi-Sourlas-like dimensional reduction of quantum gravity in the presence of observers

Author

Podolskiy, Dmitriy I., Barvinsky, Andrei O., and Lanza, Robert

Subjects
General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
Abstract

One of the sources of incompatibility between general relativity and quantum mechanics is perturbative non-renormalizability of quantum gravity in $3+1$ spacetime dimensions. Here, we show that in the presence of disorder induced by random networks of observers measuring covariant quantities (such as scalar curvature) $(3+1)$-dimensional quantum gravity exhibits an effective dimensional reduction at large spatio-temporal scales, which is analogous to the Parisi-Sourlas phenomenon observed for quantum field theories in random external fields. After averaging over associated disorder and focusing on the infrared dynamics of the theory we find that the upper critical dimension of quantum gravity is lifted from $D_{{\rm cr}}=1+1$ to $D_{{\rm cr}}=3+1$ dimensions., Comment: 29 pages, 1 figure; discussion extended

Published
2020
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5. The US Program in Ground-Based Gravitational Wave Science: Contribution from the LIGO Laboratory

Author

Reitze, David, Abbott, Rich, Adams, Carl, Adhikari, Rana, Aggarwal, Nancy, Anand, Shreya, Ananyeva, Alena, Anderson, Stuart, Appert, Stephen, Arai, Koji, Araya, Melody, Aston, Stuart, Barayoga, Juan, Barish, Barry, Barker, David, Barsotti, Lisa, Bartlett, Jeffrey, Betzwieser, Joseph, Billingsley, GariLynn, Biscans, Sebastien, Biscoveanu, Sylvia, Blackburn, Kent, Blair, Carl, Blair, Ryan, Bockelman, Brian, Bork, Rolf, Bramley, Alyssa, Brooks, Aidan, Brunett, Sharon, Buikema, Aaron, Cahillane, Craig, Callister, Thomas, Carruthers, Tom, Clara, Filiberto, Corban, Paul, Coughlin, Michael, Couvares, Peter, Cowart, Matthew, Coyne, Dennis, Demos, Nicholas, Donovan, Fred, Driggers, Jenne, Dwyer, Sheila, Effler, Anamaria, Eisenstein, Robert, Etzel, Todd, Evans, Matthew, Evans, Tom, Feicht, Jon, Fernandez-Galiana, Alvaro, Fritschel, Peter, Frolov, Valery, Fyffe, Michael, Gateley, Bubba, Giaime, Joe, Giardina, Dwayne, Goetz, Evan, Gossan, Sarah, Gras, Slawomir, Grassia, Philippe, Gray, Corey, Gupta, Anchal, Gustafson, Eric, Guthman, Les, Hall, Evan, Hanks, Jonathan, Hanson, Joe, Hasskew, Raine, Haster, Carl-Johan, Heintze, Matthew, Hernandez, Edgar, Holt, Kathy, Huang, Yiwen, Huynh-Dinh, Tien, Isi, Max, Jones, Jeff, Kamai, Brittany, Kanner, Jonah, Kasprzack, Marie, Katsavounidis, Erik, Katzman, William, Kawabe, Keita, King, Peter, Kissel, Jeffrey, Kondrashov, Veronica, Korth, William, Kozak, Dan, Kumar, Rahul, Landry, Michael, Lane, Benjamin, Lanza, Robert, Laxen, Michael, Lazzarini, Albert, Lecoeuche, Yannick, Libbrecht, Ken, Lo, Ka-Lok, London, Lionel, Lormand, Marc, MacInnis, Myron, Mansell, Georgia, Markowitz, Aaron, Maros, Ed, Marx, Jay, Mason, Ken, Massinger, Thomas, Matichard, Fabrice, Mavalvala, Nergis, McCarthy, Richard, McCormick, Scott, McCuller, Lee, McIver, Jessica, Mendell, Gregory, Merilh, Edmond, Meshkov, Syd, Mittleman, Richard, Moraru, Dan, Moreno, Gerardo, Mullavey, Adam, Nelson, Timothy, Ng, Kwan-Yeung, Noh, Minkyun, O'Reilly, Brian, Oberling, Jason, Oram, Richard, Osthelder, Charles, Overmier, Harry, Parker, William, Pedraza, Mike, Pele, Arnaud, Perez, Carlos, Petterson, Danielle, Pirello, Marc, Raab, Fred, Radkins, Hugh, Mohapatra, Satyanarayan Ray Pitambar, Richardson, Jonathan, Robertson, Norna, Rollins, Jameson, Romel, Chandra, Romie, Janeen, Ryan, Kyle, Sadecki, Travis, Sanchez, Eduardo, Sanchez, Luis, Savage, Richard, Schaetzl, Dean, Sellers, Danny, Shaffer, Thomas, Shoemaker, David, Sigg, Daniel, Strunk, Amber, Sudhir, Vivishek, Sun, Ling, Tao, Duo, Taylor, Robert, Thomas, Michael, Thomas, Patrick, Thorne, Keith, Torrie, Calum, Traylor, Gary, Trudeau, Randy, Tse, Maggie, Vajente, Gabriele, Vass, Steve, Venugopalan, Gautam, Vitale, Salvatore, Vorvick, Cheryl, Wade, Andrew, Wallace, Larry, Warner, Jim, Weaver, Betsy, Weinstein, Alan, Weiss, Rainer, Whitcomb, Stan, Whittle, Chris, Willis, Joshua, Wipf, Christopher, Xiao, Sophia, Yamamoto, Hiro, Yu, Hang, Yu, Haocun, Zhang, Liyuan, Zucker, Michael, and Zweizig, John

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
Abstract

Recent gravitational-wave observations from the LIGO and Virgo observatories have brought a sense of great excitement to scientists and citizens the world over. Since September 2015,10 binary black hole coalescences and one binary neutron star coalescence have been observed. They have provided remarkable, revolutionary insight into the "gravitational Universe" and have greatly extended the field of multi-messenger astronomy. At present, Advanced LIGO can see binary black hole coalescences out to redshift 0.6 and binary neutron star coalescences to redshift 0.05. This probes only a very small fraction of the volume of the observable Universe. However, current technologies can be extended to construct "$3^\mathrm{rd}$ Generation" (3G) gravitational-wave observatories that would extend our reach to the very edge of the observable Universe. The event rates over such a large volume would be in the hundreds of thousands per year (i.e.tens per hour). Such 3G detectors would have a 10-fold improvement in strain sensitivity over the current generation of instruments, yielding signal-to-noise ratios of 1000 for events like those already seen. Several concepts are being studied for which engineering studies and reliable cost estimates will be developed in the next 5 years., Comment: For the 2020 Astro decadal

Published
2019

6. Room temperature optomechanical squeezing

Author

Aggarwal, Nancy, Cullen, Torrey, Cripe, Jonathan, Cole, Garrett D., Lanza, Robert, Libson, Adam, Follman, David, Heu, Paula, Corbitt, Thomas, and Mavalvala, Nergis

Subjects
Quantum Physics, Physics - Optics
Abstract

The radiation-pressure driven interaction of a coherent light field with a mechanical oscillator induces correlations between the amplitude and phase quadratures of the light. These correlations result in squeezed light -- light with quantum noise lower than shot noise in some quadratures, and higher in others. Due to this lower quantum uncertainty, squeezed light can be used to improve the sensitivity of precision measurements. In particular, squeezed light sources based on nonlinear optical crystals are being used to improve the sensitivity of gravitational wave (GW) detectors. For optomechanical squeezers, thermally driven fluctuations of the mechanical oscillator's position makes it difficult to observe the quantum correlations at room temperature, and at low frequencies. Here we present a measurement of optomechanically (OM) squeezed light, performed at room-temperature, in a broad band near audio-frequency regions relevant to GW detectors. We observe sub-poissonian quantum noise in a frequency band of 30 kHz to 70 kHz with a maximum reduction of 0.7 $\pm$ 0.1 dB below shot noise at 45 kHz. We present two independent methods of measuring this squeezing, one of which does not rely on calibration of shot noise., Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures in main text. 4 pages, 5 figures in supplemental information

Published
2018

7. Observation of a room-temperature oscillator's motion dominated by quantum fluctuations over a broad audio-frequency band

Author

Cripe, Jonathan, Aggarwal, Nancy, Lanza, Robert, Libson, Adam, Singh, Robinjeet, Heu, Paula, Follman, David, Cole, Garrett D., Mavalvala, Nergis, and Corbitt, Thomas

Subjects
Quantum Physics
Abstract

We report on the broadband measurement of quantum radiation pressure noise (QRPN) in an optomechanical cavity at room temperature over a broad range of frequencies relevant to gravitational-wave detectors. We show that QRPN drives the motion of a high-reflectivity single-crystal microresonator, which serves as one mirror of a Fabry-Perot cavity. In our measurements QRPN dominates over all other noise between 10 kHz and 50 kHz and scales as expected with the circulating power inside the cavity. The thermal noise of the microresonator, the largest noise source next to the QRPN, is measured and shown to agree with a structural damping model from 200 Hz to 30 kHz. By observing the effects of QRPN in the audio-band, we now have a testbed for studying techniques to mitigate back-action, such as variational readout and squeezed light injection, that could be used to improve the sensitivity of gravitational-wave detectors.

Published
2018

8. Radiation-Pressure-Mediated Control of an Optomechanical Cavity

Author

Cripe, Jonathan, Aggarwal, Nancy, Singh, Robinjeet, Lanza, Robert, Libson, Adam, Yap, Min Jet, Cole, Garrett D., McClelland, David E., Mavalvala, Nergis, and Corbitt, Thomas

Subjects
Quantum Physics, Physics - Optics
Abstract

We describe and demonstrate a method to control a detuned movable-mirror Fabry-Perot cavity using radiation pressure in the presence of a strong optical spring. At frequencies below the optical spring resonance, self-locking of the cavity is achieved intrinsically by the optomechanical (OM) interaction between the cavity field and the movable end mirror. The OM interaction results in a high rigidity and reduced susceptibility of the mirror to external forces. However, due to a finite delay time in the cavity, this enhanced rigidity is accompanied by an anti-damping force, which destabilizes the cavity. The cavity is stabilized by applying external feedback in a frequency band around the optical spring resonance. The error signal is sensed in the amplitude quadrature of the transmitted beam with a photodetector. An amplitude modulator in the input path to the cavity modulates the light intensity to provide the stabilizing radiation pressure force.

Published
2017
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9. Interferometric Constraints on Quantum Geometrical Shear Noise Correlations

Author

Chou, Aaron, Glass, Henry, Gustafson, H. Richard, Hogan, Craig J., Kamai, Brittany L., Kwon, Ohkyung, Lanza, Robert, McCuller, Lee, Meyer, Stephan S., Richardson, Jonathan W., Stoughton, Chris, Tomlin, Ray, and Weiss, Rainer

Subjects
General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
Abstract

Final measurements and analysis are reported from the first-generation Holometer, the first instrument capable of measuring correlated variations in space-time position at strain noise power spectral densities smaller than a Planck time. The apparatus consists of two co-located, but independent and isolated, 40 m power-recycled Michelson interferometers, whose outputs are cross-correlated to 25 MHz. The data are sensitive to correlations of differential position across the apparatus over a broad band of frequencies up to and exceeding the inverse light crossing time, 7.6 MHz. By measuring with Planck precision the correlation of position variations at spacelike separations, the Holometer searches for faint, irreducible correlated position noise backgrounds predicted by some models of quantum space-time geometry. The first-generation optical layout is sensitive to quantum geometrical noise correlations with shear symmetry---those that can be interpreted as a fundamental noncommutativity of space-time position in orthogonal directions. General experimental constraints are placed on parameters of a set of models of spatial shear noise correlations, with a sensitivity that exceeds the Planck-scale holographic information bound on position states by a large factor. This result significantly extends the upper limits placed on models of directional noncommutativity by currently operating gravitational wave observatories., Comment: Matches the journal accepted version

Published
2017
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10. The Holometer: An Instrument to Probe Planckian Quantum Geometry

Author

Chou, Aaron, Glass, Henry, Gustafson, H. Richard, Hogan, Craig, Kamai, Brittany L., Kwon, Ohkyung, Lanza, Robert, McCuller, Lee, Meyer, Stephan S., Richardson, Jonathan, Stoughton, Chris, Tomlin, Ray, and Weiss, Rainer

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

This paper describes the Fermilab Holometer, an instrument for measuring correlations of position variations over a four-dimensional volume of space-time. The apparatus consists of two co-located, but independent and isolated, 40m power-recycled Michelson interferometers, whose outputs are cross-correlated to 25 MHz. The data are sensitive to correlations of differential position across the apparatus over a broad band of frequencies up to and exceeding the inverse light crossing time, 7.6 MHz. A noise model constrained by diagnostic and environmental data distinguishes among physical origins of measured correlations, and is used to verify shot-noise-limited performance. These features allow searches for exotic quantum correlations that depart from classical trajectories at spacelike separations, with a strain noise power spectral density sensitivity smaller than the Planck time. The Holometer in current and future configurations is projected to provide precision tests of a wide class of models of quantum geometry at the Planck scale, beyond those already constrained by currently operating gravitational wave observatories., Comment: Matches the version accepted in Classical and Quantum Gravity

Published
2016
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11. MHz Gravitational Wave Constraints with Decameter Michelson Interferometers

Author

Chou, Aaron S., Gustafson, Richard, Hogan, Craig, Kamai, Brittany, Kwon, Ohkyung, Lanza, Robert, Larson, Shane L., McCuller, Lee, Meyer, Stephan S., Richardson, Jonathan, Stoughton, Chris, Tomlin, Raymond, and Weiss, Rainer

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

A new detector, the Fermilab Holometer, consists of separate yet identical 39-meter Michelson interferometers. Strain sensitivity achieved is better than $10^{-21} /{\sqrt{\rm{Hz}}}$ between 1 to 13 MHz from a 130-hr dataset. This measurement exceeds the sensitivity and frequency range made from previous high frequency gravitational wave experiments by many orders of magnitude. Constraints are placed on a stochastic background at 382 Hz resolution. The 3$\sigma$ upper limit on $\Omega_{\rm{GW}}$, the gravitational wave energy density normalized to the closure density, ranges from $5.6 \times 10^{12}$ at 1 MHz to $8.4 \times 10^{15}$ at 13 MHz. Another result from the same dataset is a search for nearby primordial black hole binaries (PBHB). There are no detectable monochromatic PBHBs in the mass range $0.83$ - $3.5 \times 10^{21}$g between the earth and the moon. Projections for a chirp search with the same dataset increases the mass range to $0.59 - 2.5 \times 10^{25}$g and distances out to Jupiter. This result presents a new method for placing limits on a poorly constrained mass range of primordial black holes. Additionally, solar system searches for PBHBs place limits on their contribution to the total dark matter fraction.

Published
2016
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12. First measurements of high frequency cross-spectra from a pair of large Michelson interferometers

Author

Chou, Aaron S., Gustafson, Richard, Hogan, Craig, Kamai, Brittany, Kwon, Ohkyung, Lanza, Robert, McCuller, Lee, Meyer, Stephan S., Richardson, Jonathan, Stoughton, Chris, Tomlin, Raymond, Waldman, Samuel, and Weiss, Rainer

Subjects
General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

Measurements are reported of the cross-correlation of spectra of differential position signals from the Fermilab Holometer, a pair of co-located 39 m long, high power Michelson interferometers with flat, broadband frequency response in the MHz range. The instrument obtains sensitivity to high frequency correlated signals far exceeding any previous measurement in a broad frequency band extending beyond the 3.8 MHz inverse light crossing time of the apparatus. The dominant but uncorrelated shot noise is averaged down over $2\times 10^8$ independent spectral measurements with 381 Hz frequency resolution to obtain $2.1\times 10^{-20} \ \mathrm{m}/\sqrt{\mathrm{Hz}}$ sensitivity to stationary signals. For signal bandwidths $\Delta f > 11$ kHz, the sensitivity to strain $h$ or shear power spectral density of classical or exotic origin surpasses a milestone $PSD_{\delta h} < t_p$ where $t_p= 5.39\times 10^{-44}/\mathrm{Hz}$ is the Planck time., Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures

Published
2015
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13. On decoherence in quantum gravity

Author

Podolskiy, Dmitriy and Lanza, Robert

Subjects
General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
Abstract

It was previously argued that the phenomenon of quantum gravitational decoherence described by the Wheeler-DeWitt equation is responsible for the emergence of the arrow of time. Here we show that the characteristic spatio-temporal scales of quantum gravitational decoherence are typically logarithmically larger than a characteristic curvature radius $R^{-1/2}$ of the background space-time with a factor under the logarithm proportional to $M_{P}^{2}/R$. This largeness is a direct consequence of the fact that gravity is a non-renormalizable theory, as the corresponding effective field theory is nearly decoupled from matter degrees of freedom in the physical limit $M_{P}\to\infty$. Therefore, as such, quantum gravitational decoherence is too ineffective to guarantee the emergence of the arrow of time at scales of physical interest. We argue that the emergence of the arrow of time is directly related to the nature and properties of physical observer., Comment: 28 pages, 3 figures; matches version published in Annalen der Physik

Published
2015
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17. Preface

Author

Lanza, Robert, primary, Langer, Robert, additional, Vacanti, Joseph, additional, and Atala, Anthony, additional

Published
2020
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18. List of contributors

Author

Abe, Masashi, primary, Ahlstrom, Jon D., additional, Albon, Julie, additional, Allickson, Julie, additional, Almeida-Porada, Graça, additional, Altschuler, Richard A., additional, Anderson, Daniel G., additional, Annabi, Nasim, additional, Arcidiacono, Judith, additional, Ashammakhi, Nureddin, additional, Atala, Anthony, additional, Athanasiou, Kyriacos A., additional, Awad, Hani A., additional, Badylak, Stephen F, additional, Balachander, Gowri, additional, Balkan, Wayne, additional, Bara, Jennifer J., additional, Barry, Michael P., additional, Baskaran, Harihara, additional, Bedell, Matthew L., additional, Belcher, Donald Andrew, additional, Berry, David B., additional, Bhat, Hina, additional, Bhat, Zuhaib F., additional, Bhatia, Sangeeta N., additional, Blackburn, Catherine Clare, additional, Blocki, Anna, additional, Blum, Kevin M., additional, Bochenek, Matthew A., additional, Bonassar, Lawrence J., additional, Bonventre, Joseph V., additional, Borrelli, Mimi R., additional, Bowles, Robby D., additional, Bradshaw, Amy D., additional, Bratt-Leal, Andres M., additional, Breuer, Christopher K., additional, Brewster, Luke, additional, Brey, Eric M., additional, Briquez, Priscilla S., additional, Buckwalter, J.A., additional, Burg, Karen J.L., additional, Burg, Timothy C., additional, Byambaa, Batzaya, additional, Chandra, Prafulla K., additional, Chen, Amanda X., additional, Chen, Fa-Ming, additional, Chen, Shaochen, additional, Chesterman, Julian, additional, Chhabra, Arnav, additional, Chong, Seow Khoon, additional, Clark, Richard A.F., additional, Cleary, Muriel A., additional, Coleman, M., additional, Cotsarelis, George, additional, Crystal, Ronald G., additional, Dagnelie, Gislin, additional, Darabi, Mohammad Ali, additional, Davidson, Jeffrey M., additional, Davidson, Joseph, additional, De Coppi, Paolo, additional, Delcassian, Derfogail, additional, de Vos, Paul, additional, Dominijanni, Anthony, additional, Donahue, Ryan, additional, Drain, Allison P., additional, Duvall, Craig L., additional, Dziki, Jenna L., additional, Elgalad, Abdelmotagaly, additional, Eng, George, additional, Falanga, Vincent, additional, Farhang, Niloofar, additional, Ferreira, Lino, additional, Fink, Donald W., additional, Fleming, Heather E., additional, Fong, Peter, additional, Frey, Mark R., additional, Gay, Denise, additional, Gerecht, Sharon, additional, Gersbach, Charles A., additional, Gibbs, D.M.R., additional, Gidwani, Simran, additional, González Morales, Shaimar R., additional, Goyal, Ritu, additional, Grant, Maria B., additional, Gray, Andrea, additional, Greisler, Howard P., additional, Grikscheit, Tracy C., additional, Grosh, Karl, additional, Guilak, Farshid, additional, Guo, Jason L., additional, Han, Yingli, additional, Hare, Joshua M., additional, Hassanbhai, Ammar Mansoor, additional, Hatzistergos, Konstantinos, additional, Hay, David C., additional, He, Xiao-Tao, additional, Henderson, Timothy, additional, Hickerson, Darren, additional, Hickerson, Darren H.M., additional, Hmadcha, Abdelkrim, additional, Hochman-Mendez, Camila, additional, Huang, Chao, additional, Hubbell, Jeffrey A., additional, Huelsmann, Joern, additional, Huh, Jun Tae, additional, Hunsberger, Joshua G., additional, Iannucci, Leanne E., additional, Inoue, Haruhisa, additional, Jackson, John, additional, Jiang, Yangzi, additional, Kalinichenko, Vladimir V., additional, Kanczler, J.M., additional, Karp, Jeffrey M., additional, Kasper, F. Kurtis, additional, Khademhosseini, Ali, additional, Kim, Ji Hyun, additional, Kimbrel, Erin A., additional, Klimanskaya, Irina, additional, Kohn, Joachim, additional, Kumar, Sunil, additional, Kyriakides, Themis R., additional, Lake, Spencer P., additional, Lam, Johnny, additional, Langer, Robert, additional, Lanza, Robert, additional, Leach, Timothy S., additional, Lee, Benjamin W., additional, Lee, Iris, additional, Lee, Sang Jin, additional, Li, David, additional, Li, Linheng, additional, Liu, Qian, additional, Ljubimov, Alexander V., additional, Lo, Chi, additional, Longaker, Michael T., additional, López-Beas, Javier, additional, Loring, Jeanne F., additional, Luo, Ying, additional, MacArthur, Ben D., additional, Madigan, Nicolas N., additional, Madry, Henning, additional, Magalhaes, Renata S., additional, Manley, Nancy Ruth, additional, Mansbridge, Jonathan, additional, Mao, Jeremy J., additional, Marshall, K.M., additional, Martin, J.A., additional, Martins-Green, M., additional, Maselli, Kathryn M., additional, Maxfield, Mark W., additional, McCracken, Kyle W., additional, Melville, James, additional, Mikos, Antonios G., additional, Millán, José del R., additional, Mirotsou, Maria, additional, Montoro, Daniel T., additional, Murphy, Matthew P., additional, Murphy, Sean V., additional, Musillo, Michael, additional, Muthukumaran, Padmalosini, additional, Navara, Adam M., additional, Nelson, Christopher E., additional, Niklason, Laura E., additional, Nowell, Craig Scott, additional, O’Keefe, Regis J., additional, O’Neill, Kathy E., additional, Oreffo, Richard O.C., additional, Ortiz, Ophir, additional, Palmer, Andre Francis, additional, Perdikis, Serafeim, additional, Petreaca, M., additional, Plikus, Maksim V., additional, Porada, Christopher D., additional, Post, Mark, additional, Prokop, Aleš, additional, Puri, Raj K., additional, Qian, Pengxu, additional, Radisic, Milica, additional, Raredon, Micha Sam Brickman, additional, Richie, Ellen Rothman, additional, Rouse, Paul, additional, Sadri-Ardekani, Hooman, additional, Saltzman, W. Mark, additional, Sampaio, Luiz C., additional, Schlieve, Christopher R., additional, Sha, Su-Hua, additional, Sharpe, Paul T., additional, Shastri, V. Prasad, additional, Shi, Yanhong, additional, Shupe, Thomas, additional, Sirabella, Dario, additional, Skardal, Aleksander, additional, Slack, J.M.W., additional, Sloan, Stephen R., additional, Soker, Shay, additional, Soria, Bernat, additional, Soria-Juan, Bárbara, additional, Stockdale, Frank E., additional, Stover, Josh, additional, Stransky, Thomas, additional, Stronks, H. Christiaan, additional, Stumpf, Patrick S., additional, Sung, Kyung Eun, additional, Swarr, Daniel, additional, Szkolnicka, Dagmara, additional, Takahashi, Jun, additional, Tang, D.K.O., additional, Tang, Winson, additional, Taylor, Doris A., additional, Teng, Yao, additional, Teoh, Swee Hin, additional, Smith, Anthony J., additional, Treffeisen, Elsa, additional, Tuan, Rocky S., additional, Vacanti, Joseph P., additional, van der Weele, Cor, additional, Vincent, Matthew, additional, Vunjak-Novakovic, Gordana, additional, Wahlberg, Lars U., additional, Wan, Derrick C., additional, Wang, Anne, additional, Wang, Dan, additional, Wang, Qiwei, additional, Wang, Yanling, additional, Wang, Yu-li, additional, Wang, Zhanwen, additional, Weaver, Valerie M., additional, Wells, J.A., additional, Welter, Jean F., additional, Wen, Feng, additional, Weston, Jake, additional, Whitsett, Jeffrey A., additional, Williams, James K., additional, Windebank, Anthony J., additional, Wong, Mark Eu-Kien, additional, Worgall, Stefan, additional, Wu, Iwen, additional, Wu, Rui-Xin, additional, Xie, Virginia Y., additional, Xing, Malcolm, additional, Yamada, Kenneth M., additional, Yamanaka, Shinya, additional, Yoo, James J., additional, Young, Simon, additional, Yu, Claire, additional, Yu, Hanry, additional, Yuan, Yifan, additional, Zacharias, William, additional, Zakko, Jason, additional, Zhang, Ai, additional, Zhang, Yuanyuan, additional, Zhang, Zheng, additional, Zhao, Chunfeng, additional, Zhao, Yimu, additional, and Zoloth, Laurie, additional

Published
2020
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22. Measurement of quantum back action in the audio band at room temperature

Author

Cripe, Jonathan, Aggarwal, Nancy, Lanza, Robert, Libson, Adam, Singh, Robinjeet, Heu, Paula, and Follman, David

Subjects
Broadband -- Research, Quantum mechanics -- Analysis, Electromagnetic noise -- Measurement, Radiation (Physics), Detection equipment, Gravitational waves, Broadband Internet, Environmental issues, Science and technology, Zoology and wildlife conservation
Abstract

Quantum mechanics places a fundamental limit on the precision of continuous measurements. The Heisenberg uncertainty principle dictates that as the precision of a measurement of an observable (for example, position) increases, back action creates increased uncertainty in the conjugate variable (for example, momentum). In interferometric gravitational-wave detectors, higher laser powers reduce the position uncertainty created by shot noise (the photon-counting error caused by the quantum nature of the laser) but necessarily do so at the expense of back action in the form of quantum radiation pressure noise (QRPN).sup.1. Once at design sensitivity, the gravitational-wave detectors Advanced LIGO.sup.2, VIRGO.sup.3 and KAGRA.sup.4 will be limited by QRPN at frequencies between 10 hertz and 100 hertz. There exist several proposals to improve the sensitivity of gravitational-wave detectors by mitigating QRPN.sup.5-10, but until now no platform has allowed for experimental tests of these ideas. Here we present a broadband measurement of QRPN at room temperature at frequencies relevant to gravitational-wave detectors. The noise spectrum obtained shows effects due to QRPN between about 2 kilohertz and 100 kilohertz, and the measured magnitude of QRPN agrees with our model. We now have a testbed for studying techniques with which to mitigate quantum back action, such as variational readout and squeezed light injection.sup.7, with the aim of improving the sensitivity of future gravitational-wave detectors. Future gravitational-wave detectors are expected to be limited by quantum back action, which is now found in the audio band in a low-loss optomechanical system., Author(s): Jonathan Cripe [sup.1] , Nancy Aggarwal [sup.2] , Robert Lanza [sup.2] , Adam Libson [sup.2] , Robinjeet Singh [sup.1] , Paula Heu [sup.3] [sup.4] , David Follman [sup.3] [sup.4] [...]

Published
2019
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30. Contributors

Author

Agarwal, Rachit, primary, Ahlstrom, Jon D., additional, Ahmad, Rafiq, additional, Alarcon, Emilio I., additional, Almarza, Alejandro J., additional, Almeida-Porada, Graça, additional, Almeida, Manuel, additional, Alvarado-Velez, Melissa, additional, Anderson, James M., additional, Arcidiacono, Judith, additional, Atala, Anthony, additional, Badylak, Stephen F., additional, Balkan, Wayne, additional, Ballios, Brian G., additional, Baptista, Pedro M., additional, Baumann, M. Douglas, additional, Bedi, Supinder S., additional, Bellamkonda, Ravi V., additional, Bergmann, Nicole M., additional, Blau, Helen M., additional, Boerckel, Joel D., additional, Bratt-Leal, Andres M., additional, Brown, James C., additional, Brubaker, Scott, additional, Brunette, Isabelle, additional, Calderon, Gisele A., additional, Caplan, Arnold I., additional, Castner, David G., additional, Chang, Cynthia, additional, Chawla, Aditya, additional, Chen, Xuguang, additional, Cohen, Paul, additional, Cooke, Michael J., additional, Copus, Joshua S., additional, Correlo, Vitor M., additional, Cox, Charles S., additional, Dahl, Abritee, additional, Day, Richard M., additional, De Coppi, Paolo, additional, Dodla, Mahesh C., additional, Elisseeff, Jennifer H., additional, Emamaullee, Juliet A., additional, Esa, Adam, additional, Fang, Yunlan, additional, Faust, Heather J., additional, Fisher, John P., additional, Fisher, Matthew B., additional, Francois, Elvis L., additional, García, Andrés J., additional, Gavrilov, Svetlana, additional, Gazit, Dan, additional, Gazit, Zulma, additional, Gemmiti, Christopher V., additional, Gillispie, Gregory J., additional, Gilpin, Sarah E., additional, Godbey, W.T., additional, Gray, Andrea, additional, Green, Ronald M., additional, Griffith, May, additional, Guldberg, Robert E., additional, Guo, Qiongyu, additional, Gurtner, Geoffrey C., additional, Hacker, Michael C., additional, Hanna, Issa A., additional, Hare, Joshua M., additional, Hatzistergos, Konstantinos E., additional, Herber, Ralf-Peter, additional, Hilborn, Jöns, additional, Humes, H. David, additional, Hunsberger, Joshua G., additional, Iwasa, Kenjiro, additional, Jackson, John D., additional, Jackson, Margaret L., additional, Jang, Hae Lin, additional, Jansen, John A., additional, Johnston, Josephine, additional, Jorns, Carl, additional, Kang, Huijun, additional, Kaplan, David L., additional, Kaplan, David S., additional, Katz, Adam J., additional, Kelley, Matthew W., additional, Kennedy, Kelsey, additional, Khademhosseini, Ali, additional, Khang, Gilson, additional, Kim, Jinho, additional, Klein, Rachel H., additional, Klimanskaya, Irina, additional, Knoepfler, Paul S., additional, Ko, In Kap, additional, Kolambkar, Yash M., additional, Krieghoff, Jan, additional, Kucko, Nathan W., additional, Kumar, Manoj, additional, Kurtzberg, Joanne, additional, Kwilas, Anna, additional, Landry, Donald W., additional, Langhans, Mark T., additional, Lanza, Robert, additional, Lanzoni, Giacomo, additional, Lee, Sang Jin, additional, Leeuwenburgh, Sander C.G., additional, Leong, Kam W., additional, Liang, Rui, additional, Liaudanskaya, Volha, additional, Lin, Hang, additional, Longaker, Michael T., additional, Lorenz, Hermann P., additional, Loring, Jeanne F., additional, Lu, Shi-Jiang, additional, Lue, Alberto, additional, Ma, Peter X., additional, Magalhaes, Renata S., additional, Mandla, Serena, additional, Marshall, Clement D., additional, Martins-Green, Manuela, additional, Mason, Devon E., additional, Mau, Jonquil R., additional, McFarland, Richard, additional, McHale, Melissa K., additional, Melville, James C., additional, Meyers, Jason R., additional, Mikos, Antonios G., additional, Miller, Jordan S., additional, Mittermiller, Paul A., additional, Miyachi, Hideki, additional, Miyamoto, Shinka, additional, Monteiro, Nelson, additional, Moore, Alessandra L., additional, Morini, Sara, additional, Moser, Philipp T., additional, Mukhatyar, Vivek J., additional, Murdock, Mark, additional, Nagiel, Aaron, additional, Naughton, Gail K., additional, Nauta, Allison, additional, Navarro, Javier, additional, Newton, Jared M., additional, Nori, Aparna, additional, Okano, Teruo, additional, Oliveira, Joaquim M., additional, Ott, Harald C., additional, Padmanabhan, Jagannath, additional, Page, Kristin M., additional, Pallickaveedu Rajan Asari, Anil Kumar, additional, Papaioannou, Virginia E., additional, Park, Jihoon, additional, Payne, Samantha L., additional, Pelled, Gadi, additional, Pepper, Andrew, additional, Perumal, Elumalai, additional, Petreaca, Melissa, additional, Pino, Christopher J., additional, Pirosa, Alessandro, additional, Pla-Palacín, Iris, additional, Pokrywczynska, Marta, additional, Porada, Christopher D., additional, Porter, Blaise D., additional, Radisic, Milica, additional, Rambhia, Kunal J., additional, Raquel Maia, F., additional, Ratner, Buddy D., additional, Reddi, A.H., additional, Reis, Rui L., additional, Ricles, Laura, additional, Ricordi, Camillo, additional, Rizwan, Muhammad, additional, Robinson, Rebecca, additional, Rodrigues, Melanie, additional, Rothrauff, Benjamin B., additional, Sadri-Ardekani, Hooman, additional, Sainz-Arnal, Pilar, additional, Sambathkumar, Rangarajan, additional, Sánchez-Romero, Natalia, additional, Scarritt, Michelle, additional, Schneider, Christopher M., additional, Schwartz, Steven D., additional, Selem, Sarah, additional, Serrano-Aulló, Trinidad, additional, Shapiro, A.M. James, additional, Sheyn, Dmitriy, additional, Shimizu, Tatsuya, additional, Shinoka, Toshiharu, additional, Shoichet, Molly S., additional, Shoji, Toshihiro, additional, Shupe, Thomas, additional, Sikora, Andrew G., additional, Simpson, Fiona, additional, Skardal, Aleksander, additional, Skuk, Daniel, additional, Smith, Brandon T., additional, Sohn, Jihee, additional, Soker, Shay, additional, Solanas, Estela, additional, Song, Jeong Eun, additional, Sood, Disha, additional, Stocum, David L., additional, Strom, Stephen C., additional, Sun, Jessica M., additional, Takahashi, Hironobu, additional, Tremblay, Jacques P., additional, Tripathy, Nirmalya, additional, Tse, John W., additional, Tuan, Rocky S., additional, Verfaillie, Catherine M., additional, Vunjak-Novakovic, Gordana, additional, Wagner, William R., additional, Wang, Yanling, additional, Watson, Emma, additional, West, Jennifer L., additional, Williams, David F., additional, Williams, James K., additional, Wong, Mark E., additional, Woo, Savio L-Y., additional, Wood, Fiona M., additional, Xu, Lei, additional, Yakubovich, Doron C., additional, Yang, Yafeng, additional, Yaszemski, Michael J., additional, Yelick, Pamela C., additional, Yim, Evelyn K.F., additional, Yong, Carolyn, additional, Yoo, James J., additional, Young, Simon, additional, Yucel, Nora, additional, Zacharias, Rachel L., additional, Zhang, Yuanyuan, additional, Zhang, Ai, additional, Zhang, Jin, additional, and Zhu, Yang, additional

Published
2018
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31. Human embryonic stem cell-derived retinal pigment epithelium in patients with age-related macular degeneration and Stargardt's macular dystrophy: follow-up of two open-label phase 1/2 studies

Author

Schwartz, Steven D, Regillo, Carl D, Lam, Byron L, Eliott, Dean, Rosenfeld, Philip J, Gregori, Ninel Z, Hubschman, Jean-Pierre, Davis, Janet L, Heilwell, Gad, Spirn, Marc, Maguire, Joseph, Gay, Roger, Bateman, Jane, Ostrick, Rosaleen M, Morris, Debra, Vincent, Matthew, Anglade, Eddy, Del Priore, Lucian V, and Lanza, Robert

Published
2015
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32. Artificial Pancreas

Author

Kühtreiber, Willem M., Lanza, Robert P., Chick, William L., Kühtreiber, Willem M., editor, Lanza, Robert P., editor, and Chick, William L., editor

Published
1999
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33. Diffusion Chambers

Author

Lanza, Robert P., Kühtreiber, Willem M., editor, Lanza, Robert P., editor, and Chick, William L., editor

Published
1999
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34. Pancreas

Author

Lanza, Robert P., Chick, William L., Lanza, Robert P., editor, and Chick, William L., editor

Published
1996
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35. Observation of a room-temperature oscillator’s motion dominated by quantum fluctuations over a broad audio-frequency band

Author

Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, Cripe, Jonathan, Aggarwal, Nancy, Lanza, Robert, Libson, Adam, Singh, Robinjeet, Heu, Paula, Follman, David, Cole, Garrett D, Mavalvala, Nergis, Corbitt, Thomas, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, Cripe, Jonathan, Aggarwal, Nancy, Lanza, Robert, Libson, Adam, Singh, Robinjeet, Heu, Paula, Follman, David, Cole, Garrett D, Mavalvala, Nergis, and Corbitt, Thomas

Abstract

© 2019, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited. Quantum mechanics places a fundamental limit on the precision of continuous measurements. The Heisenberg uncertainty principle dictates that as the precision of a measurement of an observable (for example, position) increases, back action creates increased uncertainty in the conjugate variable (for example, momentum). In interferometric gravitational-wave detectors, higher laser powers reduce the position uncertainty created by shot noise (the photon-counting error caused by the quantum nature of the laser) but necessarily do so at the expense of back action in the form of quantum radiation pressure noise (QRPN)1. Once at design sensitivity, the gravitational-wave detectors Advanced LIGO2, VIRGO3 and KAGRA4 will be limited by QRPN at frequencies between 10 hertz and 100 hertz. There exist several proposals to improve the sensitivity of gravitational-wave detectors by mitigating QRPN5–10, but until now no platform has allowed for experimental tests of these ideas. Here we present a broadband measurement of QRPN at room temperature at frequencies relevant to gravitational-wave detectors. The noise spectrum obtained shows effects due to QRPN between about 2 kilohertz and 100 kilohertz, and the measured magnitude of QRPN agrees with our model. We now have a testbed for studying techniques with which to mitigate quantum back action, such as variational readout and squeezed light injection7, with the aim of improving the sensitivity of future gravitational-wave detectors.

Published
2022

38. The First Human Cloned Embryo.

Author

Cibelli, Jose B., Lanza, Robert P., West, Michael D., and Ezzell, Carol

Abstract

Describes a process known as parthenogenesis which produces cloned, early-stage embryos and human embryos generated only from eggs. Speculates that this technology puts therapeutic cloning within reach. (DDR)

Published
2002

40. Fast and High-Fidelity State Preparation and Measurement in Triple-Quantum-Dot Spin Qubits

Author

Blumoff, Jacob Z., primary, Pan, Andrew S., additional, Keating, Tyler E., additional, Andrews, Reed W., additional, Barnes, David W., additional, Brecht, Teresa L., additional, Croke, Edward T., additional, Euliss, Larken E., additional, Fast, Jacob A., additional, Jackson, Clayton A.C., additional, Jones, Aaron M., additional, Kerckhoff, Joseph, additional, Lanza, Robert K., additional, Raach, Kate, additional, Thomas, Bryan J., additional, Velunta, Roland, additional, Weinstein, Aaron J., additional, Ladd, Thaddeus D., additional, Eng, Kevin, additional, Borselli, Matthew G., additional, Hunter, Andrew T., additional, and Rakher, Matthew T., additional

Published
2022
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44. Cloning Noah’s Ark

Author

Lanza, Robert P., Dresser, Betsy L., and Damiani, Philip

Published
2000

47. Age-Related Macular Degeneration: The Challenges

Author

Rakoczy, Elizabeth P., primary, Ronquillo, Cecinio C., additional, Passi, Samuel F., additional, Ambati, Balamurali K., additional, Nagiel, Aaron, additional, Lanza, Robert, additional, and Schwartz, Steven D., additional

Published
2014
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