Search

The Netherlands is home to an increasing number of English-language churches. These churches are often established with an international audience in mind: however, interestingly, they also attract a large number of Dutch as a first-language (L1) speakers. This article investigates the language attitudes and language choices of Dutch L1 speakers attending these churches. It examines the religious considerations behind their language choices, and the influence a second language (L2) might have on their faith experience. The study shows that, while English is indeed permeating the religious domain of the Netherlands, Dutch is still used in many contexts. For example, a majority of the participants, while favouring English as the main language of the church service, preferred to pray in Dutch. We also found that ideologies surrounding the English language guided many of the participants' language choices. Lastly, the English language brought participants a sense of distance that aided discussions about their faith and prevented negative feelings associated with the Dutch language from interfering. This study adds to the discussion of the global spread of English and sheds new light on linguistic attitudes and choices in religious contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A region's identity is closely related to its semiotic landscape as well as history, economy and culture. This article explores the linguistic landscape of Jianghan Road, a historical business centre in Wuhan, P. R. China, by photographing and analysing 1308 official and unofficial signs in order to provide a snapshot of language choice and identity construction with economic, cultural and political considerations. A semi-structured interview was also undertaken with local people to elucidate their choices and perceptions of different linguistic codes on the signs. It has been found that identity construction of this street has undergone a conflicting and complex process due to its multiple identities as a former concession area, a commercial street and a modern tourist site. English plays a prominent role for decoration, modernity, internationalisation and other commercial purposes, especially on bottom-up signboards while Chinese, with traditional forms and local variants, not only performs the informative function but also demonstrates cultural identification and historical uniqueness. The language choice on signboards reflects this old neighbourhood's continuous exploration of its identity and positioning in the modern era. This article sheds light on the ongoing research of linguistic landscape in central China and similar places in other Expanding Circle regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Language & Intercultural Communication is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The present research examines the linguistic landscape (LL) of two demographically distinct neighborhoods in Barcelona: Vila de Gràcia and El Barri Gòtic. The aim of this study is to analyze how language choice among Catalan, Castilian, and English indexes collective and individual aspects of identity in written messages on public walls. All transgressive artifacts in both communities were documented, and the language(s) and theme of each message were systematically coded. A qualitative content analysis complemented this quantitative coding scheme. While the Catalan-dominant Vila de Gràcia had a significantly higher representation of Catalan in its LL, the thematic repertoire of Catalan artifacts between the two neighborhoods was largely similar. Castilian and English artifacts showed thematic representation patterns that were distinct from Catalan, but parallel to each other. Language-theme relationships in the data indicate that Catalan is more prevalent in messages pertaining to society or community, whereas Castilian and English are preferred for intimate themes of a sentimental or rebellious nature. The LL data shed light on the evolution of language ideologies in the tense socio-political climate of Barcelona in the years following Catalonia's controversial 2017 independence referendum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study of participation from a socio-interactional perspective relates to the exploration of the interactional practices displayed by interactants and the close examination of the multimodal resources they employ. Here we observe the language choices made by 2 teachers and 10 students who participate in a WhatsApp chat over the summer break. Since language choice is a social category-bound activity linked to social forms of participation, our analysis focuses on the negotiation participants engage in to determine their practiced language policy and to select their medium of interaction. Our analysis reveals that language choices reshape and construct what we would refer to as an 'in-between learning scenario'. This scenario creates tensions between the teachers' and the students' agenda, observed through their alignment with other interactants and their interpretation of the task at hand. Language selection is not a strict, personal choice. Instead, it is socially situated and depends on how speakers co-construct the communicative event they participate in and who holds the control of topic selection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Psychotherapy is constituted through language. Due to voluntary migration or forced mobility, many people do not have access to therapy in their first language (L1). How multilingual clients manage their languages in therapy is an issue many therapists need to address in their practice. Psychotherapy is about trauma, emotions and identity, and when a multilingual client chooses a particular language, it may influence their emotional expression, cause a cultural misunderstanding, and a distorted presentation of who they are. Aims: In this study, we investigated how clients perceive psychotherapy in a foreign language (LX). We also aimed to provide psychotherapists with more insights into the effect of language choices on the course and outcome of therapy. Methods: We conducted 30 semi‐structured interviews with multilingual clients who had experience with therapy in LX. The data were analysed using thematic analysis. Findings: The data revealed that there is not one correlation between language and emotion, and that different backgrounds may lead to different preferences for the language of therapy; for some, LX may be preferred because it provides emotional distance necessary for discussing past trauma; for others, LX feels inadequate for expressing themselves fully. Conclusions: Our data suggest that there is a need for multilingual psychotherapists to learn more about their clients' linguistic and cultural profiles and how they play a role in emotion communication to facilitate a smoother therapeutic process and a more beneficial outcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Every individual's language rights are just as important and, often, even equate to healthcare rights during the COVID-19 pandemic. During this crisis, essential and lifesaving information and updates about local and international efforts to respond to and mitigate the impacts of the pandemic have to be made available using language(s) accessible and understandable to as many groups of people as possible. Using the lens of language justice, this paper analysed 238 official - information materials on COVID-19 from social media pages of the Department of Health (DOH) regional offices in hopes of unpacking the injustice that those who speak minor languages in multilingual Philippines experience. The hegemonic presence of major languages in the materials was observed as a majority of the information materials were published in Tagalog and English, whereas the Mother Tongues were unequally represented. The researchers argue that more Filipinos are at risk of contracting the virus, as the languages in which lifesaving information are presented are limited and unequal. Autonomy and decentralisation of local government offices and representation of speakers of the minority languages in the production and publication of materials will be an inclusive, sustainable, and participatory community approach to COVID-19 as a language rights emergency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reports the study of the agency of children aged 10–14 in their language practices as they interacted with their family members. The study was located in a Vietnamese migrant community in Victoria, Australia. In using a thematic, interactional analysis combined with a relational approach to agency, it was found that children’s agency emerged on a continuum which ranged from a more negative end of the continuum – manifested through the children’s explicit resistance to parental requests for home language use – to a more positive end of the continuum – manifested through their flexible linguistic repertoire in accommodating their interlocutors’ needs. Findings also suggest that the linguistic practices in the family domain surfaced as dynamic co-constructions to reflect the adults’ and children’s constant (re)negotiation in their everyday language practices in the home, which was also influenced by other factors such as children’s linguistic competence and the families’ linguistic norms. The study builds on previous findings on the relational nature of children’s agency by bringing attention to the different manifestations of children’s agency that arise in situ as they interact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diasporic Indian languages in Malaysia are unique and distinguishable from their native variants. Past studies have indicated that dominant languages tend to overpower minority languages in multilingual communities, hence causing languages to shift. The aims of this study are to identify the language choices of Malaysian Tamils and to what extent does English influence their shift from their native language. The respondents were 30 Malaysian Indians. The findings of the study revealed that in the family domain, there was an alarming shift to English when participants spoke to their children (93%) and their spouses (63%) as opposed to the older generations. Meanwhile, in the friendship domain, 76% of the participants preferred using English when they had to speak to other Malaysian Tamils. As for strangers, there was a 50–50 distribution between English and Malay between these participants. These findings seem to show that most families shifted from their native language to English among children in the family domain, education domain and friendship domain. Therefore, it is possible to note that factors such as imperialism, economic status and relevance of usage in language domains are the driving factors behind the shift of Tamil to English in Malaysia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to identify the language choices within interracial marriages, focusing specifically on Malay-Melanau families in Sarikei, Sarawak, East Malaysia. The primary objectives are (1) to investigate the language choices among Malay-Melanau families in Sarikei and (2) examine factors influencing their choices. A sample of 14 respondents, all hailing from Malay-Melanau backgrounds and married for over five years, was selected using purposive sampling methods. Employing a mixed-method approach, respondents completed a Google Form questionnaire comprising both open and close-ended queries. The findings underscore a prevailing inclination towards Malay as the preferred language within the household. This preference appears to be chiefly influenced by two key factors: parental guidance and immediate surroundings. Notably, the language predominantly spoken by the parents cohabiting with the couples significantly influences their linguistic selection. The study highlights the critical role of parental language choices and the immediate environment in shaping the language dynamics within these families. Additionally, it emphasizes the necessity of promoting awareness regarding language preservation, particularly the nurturing of less-dominant languages spoken within the home environment. Efforts in this direction are essential for fostering linguistic diversity and cultural vitality within mixed-ethnicity households. By understanding these dynamics, stakeholders can better support policies and initiatives that encourage the maintenance of linguistic heritage in multicultural contexts.

In many contexts of multilingualism, language learners can initiate communication in the target language (TL), or a contact language (such as English). Patterns of use emerging from these choices affect TL development. They also vary between individuals. Willingness to communicate (WTC) needs to be investigated in ways that capture these variations. So far, WTC has not been studied in multilingual contexts, or using individual-level longitudinal designs. Employing a single-case, time-serial design and focused on a critical period of TL growth, this study explores WTC trajectories of adult learners of Swedish for whom the TL and English provide viable communication options in community interaction. Change point and moving window correlational analyses reveal the operation of mutually interacting influences that shape WTC and have system-level effects. With light shed on processes at the developmental timescale, findings are discussed in the context of language choice, co-evolution, and the trait–state dichotomy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

English medium instruction (EMI) has now become a ubiquitous education phenomenon due to the driving force of globalization and the prospective socioeconomic benefits associated with English proficiency. Although expanding rapidly in higher education, EMI in secondary education is a much less researched area. Specifically, EMI teachers' agency in the implementation of EMI has remained relatively less known. This study, informed by an extended framework on teacher agency, seeks to investigate how such agency has been manifested while the EMI teachers address various tensions and contradictions in the course of implementing EMI. Drawing on qualitative interviews and classroom observations in an international high school in Shenzhen, China, it reveals that the participants have exhibited moderately high levels of agency by constructing themselves as translanguagers who orchestrate different languages and meaning-making resources, jugglers of the roles of content teachers and L2 teachers, as well as duty-bond multicultural educators who negotiate the international curriculum to accommodate local educational and cultural mandates. The study calls for reconceptualizing EMI as a translanguaging space for the teachers to act as culturally responsive agents qua multilingual educators featuring multiple identities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This qualitative study investigates stances in reflective interviews to identify cultural patterns that shape the meaning of language choice within an international unit of an EU institution in Luxembourg. We employ the analytical concept of "language cringe" and propose a complementary concept, "language push," to showcase the effects and reproduction of language ideologies in day-to-day talk about languages at work. Our analysis reveals that, within a workplace culture that encourages flexible and convivial use of multiple languages, French speakers have to deal with the effects of the "logic of honour," which is culturally associated with the use of French in France. Based on our findings, we suggest that language choice should be considered a cross cultural dimension in multilingual environments, and that language-sensitive management scholarship should broaden its considerations beyond the traditional issues of language proficiency, namely by inspecting relational and affective factors that shape language use in multilingual workplaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article reports on a study of multilingualism, language choice, and identity construction for six Ukrainians in Shanghai, China. Thematic analysis of data collected from netnographic observation, semi‐structured interviews, and narrative frame writing revealed that diasporic Ukrainians' language choice is both instrumentally strategic and sociopolitically charged; in the public domain, they construct light "citizen of the world" and "nice foreigner" identities; in the private domain, they construct "Ukrainian who speaks Ukrainian language" identity. To understand the seemingly binary or even conflicted situation, we turn to the concept of "social anchoring" and propose a conceptualization of "diasporic people's language choice and identity selection." This study shows that the construction of diasporic identity is, first of all, an individualistic process, articulating the affective aspect in their seeking psychological stability; it is also a social practice indicating diasporic people's strategies in seeking social stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The diversity of ethnicities on Banggi Island cultivates an environment characterized by a rich tapestry of languages and dialects. Notwithstanding the prominence of the Sabah Malay dialect as the prevailing mode of communication, the heterogeneous linguistic landscape has exerted a discernible influence on the selection of languages. One ethnic group particularly impacted by this phenomenon is the Bonggi community. This scholarly inquiry is dedicated to exploring linguistic proclivities in the routine familial discourse of the Bonggi community. The cohort under study comprises 370 members of the Bonggi community, all of whom are residents of Banggi Island. The study, employing a methodology anchored in quantitatively driven descriptiveness, leverages a questionnaire structured upon the theoretical framework of Fishman's Domain Theory (1972). The findings shed light on a prevailing predilection among the Bonggi community for the employment of both the native Bonggi language and the Sabah Malay dialect as communicative vehicles within the familial ambit. Furthermore, the research underscores the concurrent utilization of other languages within the same familial domain, such as Dusun, Bajau, and Ubian. Intriguingly, some participants have transitioned away from the Bonggi language, relying solely upon other ethnic languages or the Sabah Malay dialect. In a broader context, this study assumes significance as a catalytic driver for initiatives aimed at preserving and perpetuating the Bonggi language within the community, thereby ensuring its sustained functional relevance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Space is constructed as a particular place by various agents and in a variety of ways, and languages play an important role in the semiotic construction of a space. This study adopts a linguistic landscape approach to explore how languages are commodified for consumption in sites of luxury, i.e., four cafés in Quanzhou, a southeastern city of China. The findings show some similarities and differences in terms of language choice for the four cafés. Despite the similarities and differences, the four shops' landscapes feature atmospheric multilingualism, where multiple languages and scripts move into a luxury register of late-modern consumption and create the affective regime of luxury and exclusivity. Atmospheric multilingualism is driven by commercial interests and characterized by the commodification of multilingualism and a division of labor among languages in four cafés. In this division, English, other foreign languages, and traditional Chinese characters are employed for their symbolic functions, indexing cosmopolitanism, distinction, luxury, and modernity. Simplified Chinese characters are linked to the interaction order and used in daily business as the main instrument of communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir is a multilingual area where languages belonging to different language families are found. Apart from major languages like Kashmiri, Dogri, there are multitude of minority languages like Shina, Burushaski, Balti, Hindko, Punjabi, Pahari, Pashtu, Gojri, etc. Gurezi Shina is a lesser-known variety of Shina language being spoken by inhabitants of Gurez, a remote northern valley in the Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir. The Shina Language belongs to the Dardic sub-group of Indio-Aryan language family. This language is primarily spoken in Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan, Dah Hanu, Gurez and Dras in India. The alternate names of the language are Shinaki and Sina. The linguistic repertoire of the native speakers of Gurezi Shina mainly comprises of languages like Shina, Kashmiri, Urdu and English. This paper focuses on the domain analysis that is the domains where Shina is used and the domains where other languages are used. By looking at language use in different domains one can get an idea whether there are any particular linguistic preferences for different domains and different interlocutors. The data for the present study was elicited through a well-designed questionnaire. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study addresses the cultural validity of the 8-item Short Almost Perfect Scale (SAPS) by investigating its measurement invariance across the choice of language (i.e. Korean vs. English) with a group of 206 Korean Americans. Given a wide variation in English proficiency among the Korean community, instruments may need to be administered either in Korean or English based on respondents' preferences, thus ensuring the invariance of the measurement across two languages is critical for clinical and research purposes. The results supported configural invariance and metric invariance for both Discrepancy and Standards subscales. All four Discrepancy intercepts for the Korean version group were higher than those in the English version group, suggesting a systematic tendency for the Korean version group to rate themselves higher on Discrepancy items. The emphasis on self-cultivation in Korean culture may account for higher endorsement of certain SAPS items among individuals who chose the Korean version of the instrument compared to those who chose the English version. Given the support for configural and metric invariance, the two language versions of the SAPS were presumed to assess the same underlying perfectionism constructs and thus could be used interchangeably among Korean Americans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research demonstrated the linguistic landscapes of the Mindanao State University Marawi Campus in the Southern Philippines, known as the “Melting Pot of the South”, where multilingualism, multiculturalism, and multimodality were quite situated. Linguistic Landscape (LL) encompassed and manifested the range of language use in society. Under the theoretical lens of linguistics, the research aimed to qualitatively and descriptively illustrate the linguistic tokens that marked the context of the school community. The needed data were photographed and collected inside the university premises and analyzed in terms of the number of languages used, language choice, and types of signs. The research reveals a sociolinguistic paradox: the multilingual realities of the school community and the prevalent exhibitions of monolingual English on its linguistic landscapes, which consequently seems to dishearten the status, propagation, promotion, and/or effectivity of multilingual policies and education in the Philippines. Furthermore, the research provides theoretical and practical contributions. Theoretically, it shows another lens of the notion of presumed language prestige and hierarchies. Furthermore, practically, it aids the deepening of knowledge and understanding of language use, and its implications, in public spaces. Finally, the research suggests revisiting and recalibrating the exhibition of multilingualism in the country by simply considering the status of language use in their environments, as they do not just reflect or manifest languages but also propagate and promote them.

At the transition from medieval to early modern Europe, vernaculars became more commonly used in writing in various domain, including administration and law. In the late Middle Ages, vernaculars seem to gain status and start to be regarded as suitable languages for recording municipal matters. But how did this vernacularisation progress in such documentary legal texts? When and why was Latin replaced by vernaculars? To answer these questions, this article presents diachronic quantitative analyses of the language choice in individual entries of two documentary legal sources: the first eight volumes of the Aberdeen Council Registers (1398–1511) and one volume of the Lübecker Niederstadtbuch (1430–1451). The comparative approach to these multilingual texts allows us to trace vernacularisation processes across two language contexts, uncovering similarities and differences between them. In the council registers from Aberdeen, Scots replaced Latin slowly and gradually – a process that took over a century and was far from finished by 1511. In the text from Lübeck, on the other hand, the shift from Latin to Low German was largely completed within about 30 years. In both cases, language practices of the scribes rather than top-down language policies seem to have driven this development. The scribes’ language choices will have been influenced by the use of vernaculars in other texts, including those in the domain of law, pragmatic considerations, and more general socioeconomic developments. By investigating vernacularisation processes in two sources, this article offers a first comparative account that allows for generalisations beyond individual language contexts and serves as the basis for further research in this area.

The objective of this article is to examine the use of varying linguistic codes in the lyrics of the Hausa hip-hop songs. It discovers that Hausa hip-hop singers switch languages, drawing inspiration from global hip-hop classics (African-Americans) and Nigerian hip-hop to signal socio-cultural awareness and the complex weave of contemporary hip-hop music culture. It also reveals that the singers construct their lyrics by combining Hausa and English with a little influence from Arabic and native languages (mostly Nigerian Pidgin English and Yoruba) to create a distinct soundscape for their music. It also reveals switching strategies at inter-sentence and intra-sentence levels resulting in the discursive constructions appropriate for the expressed message.

Peer feedback has long been an essential part of a process approach to writing in university EFL classrooms. This study examines how the affordances of peer feedback are shaped by students’ language choice. We interviewed 27 Chinese university students in an English writing course about their experiences giving and receiving oral peer feedback on an initial and revised draft of an essay. Semi-structured interviews were analyzed thematically and triangulated with stimulated recall, transcripts of peer review discussions, and content analyses of learners’ incorporation of feedback across essay drafts to better understand perceptions and actions following from language choice during oral peer review of their L2 writing. Findings show that students incorporated 56 percent of oral peer feedback instances when revising, and almost all of these occurred in students’ first language, Chinese. Participants described the L1 affordances of clarity, efficiency, and pragmatics as important considerations when giving oral feedback on peer writing. Through triangulation of oral peer feedback discussions, change across essay drafts, and student interviews, language choice is shown to be a supportive practice for L2 writers in oral peer feedback. In contrast to previous research that suggests that the L1 is used primarily for solving problems and less frequently for discussion of content, our findings show that students chose to use their L1 for peer review because of the perceived support offered for improving their writing – namely, clarity, efficiency, and pragmatics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phatic expressions serve a vital role in daily communication, fostering the strengthening of social bonds and the maintenance of interpersonal relationships among conversational participants. Despite their significance, a comprehensive investigation into phatic expressions in regional Indonesian languages remains notably lacking. To address this research gap, our study delves into the diverse forms and functions of phatic expression within the Bima language (BL). Employing a qualitative approach with a descriptive research design, conversational interviews were conducted involving five participants, leading to the identification of fourteen distinct phatic utterances in BL. These expressions encompassed -ra, -na, -ku, -pu, rau, ke, ka, kan, rauja, oe, ha, ah, sih, and poda. Findings reveal that these phatic expressions serve a multitude of functions, encompassing affirmation, validation, explanation, expressions of surprise, conveying irritation, signaling uncertainty, emphasizing intensity, and issuing commands. Notably, the category of phatic expressions for affirmation exhibited the greatest diversity, featuring six distinct expressions. From a linguistic perspective, the use of this rich array of phatic expressions plays a pivotal role in maintaining seamless communication among speakers, contributing significantly to the fluidity of conversation. This study carries important pedagogical implications for language educators, particularly in Indonesia and regions where BL is spoken. Educators can enhance their students' linguistic repertoire, particularly in the context of the Bima language. Furthermore, by shedding light on the intricacies of phatic expression in BL, this research contributes to a broader exploration of language diversity and its sociolinguistic significance, further strengthening the documentation and preservation of regional languages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Early language mixing has often been interpreted as bilinguals' inability to separate languages, although more recent research suggests that young bilingual children have the ability in production. This study analyzes the mixing patterns of Jun, a Spanish-English simultaneous bilingual being raised in a Japanese societal context. Spontaneous speech data have been analyzed from two hours of video recordings, of four family conversations at age 2;4 [years;months], a period at which syntax should be emerging. The investigation found that Jun, prior to acquiring verb inflection, consistently speaks in the context-appropriate language and rarely engages in mixing, suggesting clear language separation and pragmatic sensitivity. Mixing rates, MLU, UB, and monoglossic production in both home languages confirm Jun's balanced performance, and also language separation. Moreover, the scarcity of interand intra-sentential mixing, as well as 1-word mixing, reveals the child's accommodation to his interlocutors' language choice, as well as this 2-yearold's strong control over his own language choice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper attempts to describe, discuss and analyse the situation of rapid and spontaneous transfer to practical usage of a language which speakers know only passively in the situation of stable closely related bilingualism. Such a transfer – from native Russian to Belarusian – has been taking place in the Republic of Belarus due to various reasons. Partly, this process was connected to the political situation in the country and around it; at the same time, a part of Russian-speaking intelligentsia (mostly residing in the country capital, Minsk) was in the process of reshaping of their national identity. The paper discusses in details both those reasons, as well as the peculiarities of the language situation promoting this process, its linguistic features and their difference from those of an interlanguage which arises in the situation of a foreign language acquisition and from those of trasyanka, the code in-between Russian and Belarusian. The phenomenon in the focus is also compared with the newest tendency of Russian-speaking Ukrainians to transit to using Ukrainian instead of Russian in their everyday communication and in social media. The paper is based on the data obtained in the course of longitude field study conducted in Minsk in 1999–2022 and the data derived from media and internet sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses how persons of multicultural backgrounds describe in interviews their everyday experiences when using Finnish. The focus is on categories of linguistic (non)belonging described in interview interactions. The data consist of 23 single and pair interviews of 33 informants in total and come from two interview datasets. Data are analyzed discursively, taking into account positions and identities constructed in interviews. First, the study concentrates on descriptions where the informants' interlocutors (particularly customer service persons) switched to English and the interviewees assumed reasons for it. Secondly, the recounted experiences where multiculturals have received comments on their Finnish language use are examined. According to the informants, language choices and evaluations arise from the perception of difference by the interactant. When language choice is discussed, categorizations of the informants as non-Finnish speakers arise. When the focus is on received comments, the informants discuss the categorizations of non-nativeness and origins. The informants position themselves in relation to these categories: They discuss the motivations and conditions for them. The study takes a closer look at how, in the interviews, there is space to criticize linguistic practices contrary to many everyday situations. The study brings to light the informants' interpretations of switching language and commenting on one's language as well as underlying ideologies of these situations, thereby also bringing about the possibility for change. The descriptions are multilevel, and we discuss how the categories of identification are constructed and how they are perceived in the interviews. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to determine the language choice of intermarriage families of Indonesian women and Japanese men in Japan, the factors that determine the language choice, and the implications of language choice. The informants of this study are 8 Indonesian wives who married Japanese men living in Japan. The analysis results show that the primary language used at home is that Japanese wives have a dominant role in determining the language choice in the family. The informants’ mother tongue was deficient and used only in certain situations, namely when angry and joking. This causes children to have difficulty communicating with Indonesian families. Several factors determining the language choice in intermarriage families include residence, wife and husband's language skills, enthusiasm and effort to convey the Indonesian wife's mother tongue to children, Japanese family support, knowledge of language education for children, attitude towards language, psychological situation, and child development. Indonesian wives need knowledge of bilingual education so that children can communicate in Indonesian and Japanese. Therefore, in intermarriages, primary marriages of Indonesian wives and Japanese husbands in Japan, where the environment, facilities, and opportunities to learn Indonesian are limited, it is necessary to plan and discuss with partners how to use the language at home, language education for children, and extra effort if Indonesian wives want the children to have bilingual abilities or to be able to communicate in both the Indonesian and Japanese.

The use of two or more languages in bilingual/multilingual communities is a natural and common practice. Fluent bilingual/multilingual speakers switch back and forth between languages effortlessly. In this regard, this article attempts to shed light on factors influencing code-switching and code-mixing, their role, and their impact on Albanian/English bilinguals' communication process and language proficiency of Albanian/English bilinguals. The results of twenty bilingual Albanian-English interviewees are compared with existing research and data. The study finds that code-switching and code-mixing are useful strategies for achieving particular conversational goals. In addition, the study suggests that code-switching and codemixing have emerged as linguistic behaviors, show linguistic competence, and are used to add color to the speech of Albanian/English bilinguals despite negative attitudes toward code-switching and code-mixing and their impact on language proficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wide exposure to cultural diversity often leads to people learning multiple languages. Accordingly, this factor causes bilingual or multilingual people to experience linguistic phenomena related to changes in the form of spoken and written language they use to communicate with others. Our study sought to find the consequences of being multilingual speakers focused on young YouTubers and identify their speech styles in their YouTube videos. Using a descriptive qualitative method, we collected the data using free-of-conversation listening and note-taking techniques. The result found that multilingual speakers alter their language morphologically and phonologically, affecting their way of speaking. At the morphology level, frequent use of intra-sentential switching and altering grammar and syntax was found. While at the phonology level, the original accents of some YouTubers were often carried away when they spoke in other languages. Also, three factors that affect the language choices of the YouTubers were found, namely participant, function of interaction, and setting. By examining the YouTuber multilingual community, this paper contributes to the development of the scholarship on multilingualism, offering another insight into the linguistic features of multilingual speakers and the way the subjects adjust languages to reach their purposes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper explored the shift away from Chaouia, a variety of Tamazight, to the use of Algerian Arabic in Batna (northeast Algeria). The Chaouia-speaking community had recently witnessed a large rural exodus and significant social changes and mobility due to economic opportunities, education and ethnic contact. The paper focused on gender differences in language use and considered how socialisation and cultural ideologies regarding men's and women's relationship to language shape linguistic decisions and choices. Building upon representations of masculinity and femininity, we investigated the ways in which these gendered practices constrain or restrict Chaouia use among working-class Chaouias. We used a qualitative approach with an embedded quantitative element to analyse interviews and surveys across the domestic setting as well as schools and social networks in Batna to examine the interplay between gender identities and language socialisation at home, language choices at school and among friends. The increase in cross-ethnic contact with the larger Arabic-speaking community had introduced significant re-considerations of social and linguistic priorities in the community. The findings showed a clear impact of parents on the acquisition of a gendered pattern of language choice, with boys being socialised in Chaouia and girls in Algerian Arabic. This pattern was further reinforced at school and among peers through teachers and social networks. Females' networks were ethnolinguistically heterogeneous whereas males' networks were Amazigh-oriented. Hence, the traditional link of Tamazight to femininity was re-negotiated to generate a discourse of blame for the ongoing language shift and identity loss. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the Northern Low Countries, the eighteenth century is often regarded as the period of so-called 'Frenchification'. On the one hand, it refers to the French influence on Dutch language use. On the other hand, it also refers to the choice of language, with French being chosen over Dutch in specific social domains. The second aspect is the focus of this article. Language choice is mapped on the basis of two substantial source collections, with special attention to variables such as time, region and gender. We focus on two social domains: private life (i.c. ego-documents) and public opinion (i.c. pamphlets). An important aim is to examine whether the peak of alleged Frenchification is rightly placed in the eighteenth century, and also whether it is possible to objectively measure and quantify a rather subjective phenomenon like Frenchification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to determine the language choice of Indonesian ethnic Javanese, especially of the Brang Kidul of Ponoragan; based on the distinguishing vocabulary and intonation in the narrative. “Ponorogo Brang Kidul” is the designation for the southern part of Ponorogo Regency of the East Java Province. Employing qualitative research method, sociolinguistic approach, and research communication model, this research was conducted in the higher education community toward three respondents who are native Ponoragan Javanese speakers. The research data were obtained from recorded dialogues of speakers in four speech contexts between students and lecturers and between fellow students. The language code selection patterns found were Bahasa Jawa (BJ), Bahasa Jawa Ponoragan (BJP), Bahasa Arab (BA), and Bahasa Indonesia (BI) which would had been considered mainly based on situations, age, and social status. The BJP vocabularies frequently found in the Brang Kidul dialect were "alah mendah", "ritek", "byungalaah", "angkan", "gor", "ale", "klawus", "dipadoni", and "kesit". Finally, found that factors influencing the choice of language in this study were the interlocutors and the topic of conversation as well as the intonation in the speech of the different speakers, namely the rising tone at the beginning of the speech and falling at the end.

This study assessed the language proficiency and use of a hitherto under-investigated group, viz., 3.5-year-olds growing up with Polish as a heritage language and German as societal language. All children (N = 28) heard Polish from birth in the home but half the children also heard German from birth (Bilingual First Language Acquisition, BFLA) while the other half added German through preschool (Early Second Language Acquisition, ESLA). All children attended German preschools. Data collection relied on an online survey filled out by 28 mothers and 20 fathers. There were large discrepancies between parental answers to general versus detailed questions regarding language use (choice) amongst parents and children. This has important repercussions for much of questionnaire based bilingualism research. Children were developing productive language as expected but BFLA preschoolers spoke German better or spoke both languages equally well whereas ESLA preschoolers spoke Polish better. Apart from BFLA children's much longer and daily exposure to German from birth, these BFLA-ESLA differences in relative Polish proficiency may relate to different current patterns of language choice, with (1) Polish less present in parent--child interactions involving BFLA than ESLA preschoolers, and with (2) BFLA but not ESLA preschoolers mostly hearing Polish from just a single parent. The BFLA-ESLA difference thus made a difference to children's heritage Polish development and use already at age 3.5. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

English has been for centuries seen as the native language of speakers in the English-speaking inner circle countries, as the second language of speakers in the former British-colony outer circle countries and as an international business lingua franca among speakers in the techno-economically powerful extended circle countries. Little is known how speakers in the Expanding Circle countries where English is learned as an additional foreign language make use of the language in everyday life, for communication, and for business purposes. This article fills the gap by examining how and why English and English structures have been used in shop naming in the Expanding Circle. Surveying and observing shop names, products on sale, and neighborhood's socio-economic conditions, the study identifies possible connection between the nature of the language used, the types of products being sold and the socioeconomic nature of the neighborhood. Distributing questionnaires and interviewing shop owners, staff and buyers in the central business districts on Lombok Island, Indonesia, the study establishes linguistic ideology and socio-economic and cultural expectation behind the name selection. Three clusters of CBDs were observed: urban, suburban and tourism areas. With Chi-square analyses, the study establishes a strong relationship between the choice of language for shop names and the types of products on sale irrespective of the socio-economic conditions of the shop neighborhood. With linguistic analyses, the study shows that the choice of names in English or in English-like structures is affected by the ideology of English as the language of science, technology and modern lifestyle. English is strongly associated with modern lifestyle and the majority of lifestyle, entertainment and fashion shops are named in the English language. English-like structures are connected to English as the language of technology and shops dealing with electricity and machinery technologies are named in English-like structures. The use of these linguistic ideologies is expected to boost the image of the shops and the sale of the products and this expectation was statistically verified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study of service encounters in bilingual communities offers opportunities to gain insight into the factors that influence language choice and accommodation in these interactions and the ways that language may be used to build community. Previous work on bilingual service encounters has found that age, gender, speech turn, and customer ethnicity may all contribute to service providers' choice of one language over another. This study reexamines language choice and accommodation in Spanish-English service encounters by observing the language use of 96 service providers in 35 Latino-owned restaurants of the Washington metropolitan area. Using data from service encounters between bilingual service providers and Latino and white customers, we explore the extent to which the factors identified in previous studies are relevant in this region. Additionally, we explore whether the increasingly polarized political climate in the United States has impacted language use. We argue that while customer ethnicity is the main deciding factor to start an interaction, service providers always accommodate to customer language subsequently. This demonstrates the importance of both language as a community builder – even in the face of social pressures that sanction the use of Spanish in public spaces – and the power differential that exists between workers and customers in determining language use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Language and identity are two distinct but inextricably intertwined concepts. This implies that people—especially bilinguals—may manipulate their linguistic repertoires in different social settings to portray different identities. In this regard, we examined the language choices of university students in different social settings and how they use language to construct identity. The study employed a sequential transformative mixed method design; thus, qualitative and quantitative data were collected in two separate periods for analysis. In total, 627 participants took part in the study. Sixty students were personally interviewed, whereas 567 participants filled out an online survey. The results of the study indicate that students speak English in formal communicative situations and speak their L1 in informal settings. They speak English to portray an intellectual identity, while their first languages are spoken to divulge their affiliation with their family and ethnicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multilingualism is a global phenomenon that has gained increasing attention in the fields of linguistics, psychology, sociology, and anthropology. This research paper delves into the intricate relationship between multilingual identity and language choice, shedding light on the complexities faced by individuals who navigate multiple languages in their daily lives. Multilingual speakers are confronted with a multitude of linguistic, cultural, and social factors that influence their language choices. This paper explores the impact of these factors on the construction of identity and examines the dynamic nature of multilingual identity in an ever-globalising world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the effect of external non-linguistic cues on language selection in bilinguals. Participants viewed photographs and stated in which language they would speak to the individuals in those photographs via a button press. These images were manipulated such that external cues (the 'speak Welsh' logo, presented in the form of a poster or a lanyard) were present or absent. Participants responded faster and selected Welsh as their language of choice more often in trials that contained a language cue than in trials in which a language cue was absent. Furthermore, trials containing a lanyard had a greater effect on participant performance than trials containing a poster. These results suggest that external cues can influence language selection in bilinguals, and that the perceived reliability of the cue can modulate this effect. These findings have implications for the language selection literature and could inform the development of future language use interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Slovene Linguistic Studies /Slovenski Jezik is the property of Scientific Research Centre of Slovenian Academy of Sciences & Arts and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Jember society is an urban and bilingual community because they master Javanese, Madurese and Indonesian. This article examines language choice forms of the Madurese community in Jember and the factors underlying the choice of the Madurese community's language. The study was conducted through a qualitative method. Data was collected through a questionnaire. The results show that the Madurese language (BM) selected by the Madurese community in Jember is generally dominant (55%). The BM's choice of family domain is higher (58%) than the neighboring domain (52%). The dominant factors in determining language choice include speech situations, participants, and means of speech. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]